ARC A UTOMOTIVE R ESEARCH C ENTER: Continues to Excel and Looks Ahead A US ARMY Center of Excellence in MODELING AND SIMULATION OF GROUND VEHICLES Sponsored.

ARC

AAUTOMOTIVE UTOMOTIVE RRESEARCH ESEARCH CCENTER:ENTER:Continues to Excel and Looks AheadContinues to Excel and Looks Ahead

A US ARMY Center of Excellence in A US ARMY Center of Excellence in

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF GROUND VEHICLESMODELING AND SIMULATION OF GROUND VEHICLES

Sponsored by U.S. Army RDECOM-TARDECSponsored by U.S. Army RDECOM-TARDEC

ARCFive Research Thrust Areas:Five Research Thrust Areas:

A Collaboration StructureA Collaboration Structure

Intelligent Vehicle Dynamics and ControlAssoc. Dir: Dr. Jeffrey Stein, U of M

TARDEC Thrust Leader: Dave Gunter

Human Centered Design SimulationAssoc. Dir: Dr. Matt Reed, Dr. Brent Gillespie U of M

TARDEC Thrust Leader: Harry Zywiol

High Performance Structures & MaterialsAssoc. Dir: Dr. K. K. Choi , University of Iowa

TARDEC Thrust Leader: Wes Bylsma

Advanced and Hybrid PowertrainsAssoc. Dir: Dr. Naeim Henein, Wayne State University

TARDEC Thrust Leader: Pete Schihl

Vehicle System Integration, Mobility, Optimization and RobustnessAssoc. Dir: Dr. Greg Hulbert, U of M

TARDEC Thrust Leader: Mark Brudnak

ARC DirectorDr. Dennis Assanis

ARC Assistant DirectorDr. Zoran Filipi

ARC Technical Program Manager

Dr. Bruno Vanzieleghem

Government TechnicalLeaders

Dr. Pete SchihlDr. Walter Bryzik

Automotive Research Center

Intelligent Vehicle Intelligent Vehicle Dynamics and Dynamics and

ControlControl

Advanced Advanced and Hybrid and Hybrid PowertrainsPowertrains

Human Centered Human Centered Design SimulationDesign Simulation

High Performance High Performance StructuresStructures

And MaterialsAnd Materials

Simulation Based Automotive Design:

Five Thrust Area’s

http://arc.engin.umich.eduhttp://arc.engin.umich.edu

Vehicle System Vehicle System Integration, Integration,

Mobility, Mobility, Optimization and Optimization and

RobustnessRobustness

Automotive Research Center

Active Safety Measures to Improve Vehicle Stability

Vehicle Dynamics Modeling

Thermal Management of conventional vehicles

and Hybrid Vehicle Power Management

Area 1: Intelligent Vehicle Dynamics and Control

Tire-Soil InteractionImprove handling, Improve handling,

mobility, safety and mobility, safety and power management of power management of

vehiclesvehicles

Automotive Research Center

Motion Capture of workstations

Predict reach and effort

Line-of-sight Analysis

Area 2: Human Centered Design Simulation

Predict responses of Predict responses of people when operating people when operating and maintaining new and maintaining new

vehiclesvehicles

Automotive Research Center

Area 3: High Performance Structures and Materials

Shock damage assessment from blast(composite and conventional materials)

Simulation for tracked vehicles

Topology optimization for vehicle structures

Layout Design MaterialDesign

VehicleFrame

Durability Analysis & Design Optimization

Develop models to predict Develop models to predict blast resistance, armor blast resistance, armor

protection, vehicle-terrain protection, vehicle-terrain interaction, and durabilityinteraction, and durability

Automotive Research Center

UM Thrust Area 4: Advanced and Hybrid Propulsion Systems

Engine and Fuel Cell Thermal Management

Hybrid systems;Engine-in-the-loop

Develop new technologies and strategies for improved

performance, fuel economy and emissions

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High power density diesel systems;Combustion; Alternative Fuels; Charging and Filtration Systems

Automotive Research Center

Area 5: Vehicle System Integration, Mobility, Optimization, and Robustness

Complexity reduction through commonality and systems of systems design approaches

Mobility EvaluationPackaging Optimization

Improved Ground Vehicle Mobility and Safety through

Fusion of Vehicle Simulations and Tests

Integrate models for Integrate models for optimal robust design optimal robust design

of complex vehicle of complex vehicle systems.systems.

ARC

ARC Funding History: ARC Funding History: 6.1 Funding Breakdown6.1 Funding Breakdown

Fiscal Year Core Congressional Add Gross Yearly Total Net Total Received

FY94 $1,000,000 $0 $1,000,000 FY95 $2,500,000 $0 $2,500,000 FY96 $2,500,000 $0 $2,500,000 FY97 $2,900,000 $0 $2,900,000 FY98 $2,707,000 $0 $2,707,000 $8,907,049 FY99 $2,688,000 $0 $2,688,000 FY00 $2,707,000 $3,000,000 $5,707,000 FY01 $2,908,000 $4,000,000 $6,908,000 FY02 $2,908,000 $2,000,000 $4,908,000 FY03 $2,817,000 $2,800,000 $5,617,000 $23,170,000 FY04 $3,038,000 $5,100,000 $8,138,000 FY05 $3,000,000 $3,750,000 $6,750,000 FY06 $2,958,000 $1,700,000 $4,658,000 FY07 $2,880,000 $1,300,000 $4,180,000 $20,270,000

TOTAL $31,673,000 $20,650,000 $61,161,000 $52,347,049

ARC

ARC Funding History: ARC Funding History: Member University FundingMember University Funding

  ARC I ARC II ARC III TOTALTotal Funding $ 8,907,049 $ 23,170,000 $ 20,270,000 $ 52,347,049

U of Michigan $ 5,484,226 $ 13,946,822 $ 14,261,125 $ 33,692,172

Subcontracts:  

Alaska $ 50,000 $ 1,285,000 $ 949,912 $ 2,284,912

Clemson $ 50,000 $ 1,758,877 $ 832,004 $ 2,640,880

Virginia Tech $ - $ - $ 120,000 $ 120,000

Iowa $ 1,861,766 $ 2,102,500 $ 1,238,847 $ 5,203,113

Oakland $ 30,000 $ 275,000 $ 232,280 $ 537,280

Wayne St. $ 870,705 $ 1,655,325 $ 1,716,345 $ 4,242,375

Howard $ 125,000 $ - $ - $ 125,000

Tennessee $ 50,000 $ 2,010,512 $ 919,488 $ 2,980,000

Wisconsin $ 385,352 $ 135,965 $ - $ 521,317

Active MembersIn-active Member

ARCIndustrial/Government CollaborationIndustrial/Government Collaboration

ARCIndustrial/Government CollaborationIndustrial/Government CollaborationAdditional GrantsAdditional Grants

Company Project Title School Funding Duration

International Dynamic Air Brake System Modeling for Medium Size Trucks UM $70,000 9/01-12/02

International Integrated Vehicle Simulation UM $200,000 9/99-7/03

DaimlerChrysler Vehicle Stability Assessment Using the Milliken Moment Method & Robust Vehicle Inertia Estimation for Adaptive Roll Stability Control

UM $190,000 9/01-8/04

GM GM/UM Collaborative Research Laboratory in Engine Systems Research UM $5,250,000 01/03 – 12/07

DCX Development of a Generic, Efficiency Based Engine and Vehicle Conrol Strategy UM $180,000 8/01-2/05

Oshkosh Truck Power Management and Mobility Analysis for a Series Hybrid Truck UM $50,000 10/03 - 12/03

Ford-International Simulation Based Design and Demonstration of Next Generation, Advanced Diesel Technology, Dual Use Science and Technology Program

UM $2,420,000 1/02 – 12/03

GM Concurrent Design of Next-Generation Powertrains, Manufacturing Process and Materials: A Simulation Based Approach, Dual Use Science and Technology Program

UM $3,000,000 1/02 – 12/03

GM GM Satellite Research Laboratory UM $5,871,634 3/98-12/02

DCX Control Algorithm Development for the Natrium Fuel Cell Vehicles UM $36,523 05/03-12/03

GM Efficient Analysis of Low- to Mid-Frequency Vibration and Power Flow via Component-Mode-Based Methods

UM $91,031 1/01 - 6/02

Ford HUMOSIM, Human Motion Simulation UM $300,000 4/98-9/04

Ford Combined Optimal Plant and Controller Design UM $30,000 1/01-12/01

Ford A System Partitioning and Optimization Approach to Vehicle Target Cascading UM $150,000 1/99-12/01

NREL/USDOE Optimal Design of Non-Conventional Vehicles UM $84,000 6/00-6/01

USCAR/PNGV Optimal Design of Non-Conventional Vehicles UM $208,000 6/96-9/99

NSF Scalable Enterprise Systems – Coopetitive Design and Manufacture Across Organizations UM $185,000 01/00-12/01

NSF/EPA Design for product-embedded disassembly using reversible integral attachments UM $350,000 01/02-12/05

NSF Combined optimal design and optimal control strategies in 'smart' artifact design. With Engineering Research Center on Reconfigurable Machining Systems

UM $300,000 01/00-12/03

TRW HUMOSIM, Human Motion Simulation UM $145,000 04/98-09/04

Johnson Controls HUMOSIM, Human Motion Simulation UM $185,000 04/98-09/04

Ford HUMOSIM, Human Motion Simulation UM $1,000,000 04/98-09/07

GM HUMOSIM, Human Motion Simulation UM $650,000 04/98-09/08

International HUMOSIM, Human Motion Simulation UM $500,000 04/98-09/09

DCX HUMOSIM, Human Motion Simulation UM $350,000 04/98-09/10

ARCIndustrial/Government CollaborationIndustrial/Government CollaborationAdditional GrantsAdditional Grants

Lockheed Martin HUMOSIM, Human Motion Simulation UM 150000 04/98-09/11

U.S. Postal HUMOSIM, Human Motion Simulation UM 300000 04/98-09/12

BMW Support for sabbatical to investigate Integration issues Clemson $60,000 01/04-12/04

Honda Motor Company Autonomous Directional Vehicle Control and Human-Machine Interface Design

Clemson $50,000 01/03-6/04

GM Efficient Formulation for Reliability-Based Optimization and Robust Design Oakland $135,000 1/03-12/04

NASA Langley Energy Finite Element Developments for Composite Rotorcraft Structures UM $600,000 2/2007 - 2/2011

ARO Energy Finite Element Developments for Shock Analysis of Composite Vehicles

UM $210,000 3/2007 - 3/2010

AROComputer-Based Adaptation Tool for Advanced Diesel Engines Used in Military Applications WSU $474,257 09/03 - 12/07

Next Energy Center Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation of B-20 Biodiesel WSU 587017 05/06 - 06/07

21st Century Job Fund Development of Synthetic Fueled Generator Sets for Homeland Security WSU $475,805 12/06 - 12/09

Bosch Rexroth - 21st CentIntegration and Demonstration of High Efficiency Hydraulic Hybrid Propulsion Technology for Trucks UM $1,248,904 12/06 - 12/09

Eaton - 21st CentDevelopment of Clean Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment System through Modeling and Testing UM $1,670,811 12/06 - 12/10

GDLS Modeling and Optimization of Thermal Systems UM $172,000 9/06- 9/07

BorgWarner Simulation-based Analyses of Advanced Engine and Driveline Concepts UM $400,000 9/06 - 9/07

TRW Automotive Robust Online C.G. Estimation for Onroad Vehicles UM $27,000 1/07 - 12/07

Chevron (Pending) Alternative Fuels UM $750,000 1/08 - 1/09

GM Boosted HCCI UM $1,364,000 1/07 - 12/09

DOE Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles UM

Yuma Proving Grounds Performance of Hybrid Electric Vehicles UAF $400,000 1/05 - 1/07

TARDEC/WSU Low Temperature Research Center UAF $600,000 1/05 - 1/07

GM Target Cascading UM $115,000 1/06 - 1/07Caterpillar RBDO Iowa $11,200 7/06 - 7/07Samsung RBDO Iowa $27,848 7/06 - 7/07

TOTAL $31,625,030

ARC

Project Selection ProcessProject Selection Process

3 Step Process:-Call for Proposals (October 1st – 30th):

At the start of the new fiscal year, a request for proposal is sent out to all the ARC partners.

- Project Ranking (November 1st – November 30th): The submitted projects are ranked by the TARDEC principals and other quad members for each thrust area based on technical merit and relevance to the TARDEC mission.

- Finalize Annual Plan (December 1st – January 1st): The ARC management team submits an annual program plan for approval by the ARC Government Technical Leaders, detailing a schedule of proposed project activities and forecasted expenditures. The Government Technical Leaders finalize the funded projects based on the project rankings, the overall TARDEC/Army mission and the available budget.

ARCCurrent Project BreakoutCurrent Project BreakoutTARDEC focus area

Power & Energy Survivability Manned/Unmanned Vehicle Technologies

Powertrain Condition Based Maintenance

Optimal Control and Design of Power Split Hybrid Vehicles

Active Safety Measures to Improve Vehicle Stability After Minor First-Events

RAMPED: A Tool for Rapid Model Parameterization from Experimental Data

Theoretical and Experimental Work for the Enhancement of the Accuracy of the

Modified version of the P-w method for engine friction estimation.

Advanced Thermal Management for Diesel and Spark Ignition Engines

Advanced Semi-Active Control Methods for HMMWV Primary Suspensions

Rapid System Design and Control Scaling: A Key Tool for Vehicle Procurement and

Rapid Redesign

Simulation model of the secondary motion of the piston and validation by telemetric measurement in a single cylinder diesel

engine.Modeling and Validation of Diesel Engine

SystemsSafety Analysis of Convoy Operations using

the Virtual Driver ModelEstimating the Mass of a HMMWV/JLTV on Rough Terrain: A Key Tool for Active Safety Intake Air Filtration and Charging Systems

Alternative Fuels for Army VehiclesDamage Assessment of Light Weight

Vehicles Due To High Frequency Shock Environments from Impact and Blast Loads

Stochastic Modeling of Terrain Profiles and Soil Characteristics

Vehicle Thermal ManagementNew Technology Development for

Improved Safety of Military and Commercial vehicles

Crewstation Interface for Army Future Combat Systems

Advanced Diesel Engine Management During Transients

Innovative Body Structures and Materials for Manned, Unmanned and Alternative

Vehicles

Development of an Active Biodynamic Model for vehicle design: a study of ride motion effects on seated in-vehicle reach

performance

Hybrid Propulsion System Modeling and EIL Integration

Durability and Reliability Analysis of Lightweight Vehicle Structures

Interaction of Tire and Soft Terrain and Vehicle Mobility for Cold/Desert Regions

Effect of Biodiesel on Cold Start of a Multi-Cylinder Diesel Engine at Low Ambient

Temperatures.

Reliability Analysis and Reliability-Based Optimization for Fatigue Life of Military

Ground Vehicles Using TARDEC HPC

Simulation-based Validation of Vehicle Designs

Validation and Enhancement of the Multi-Zone MATLAB-Based Model for an

Advanced High Power Density Diesel Engines for Military Applications

Improved Ground Vehicle Mobility and Safety: Fusion of Vehicle Simulations and

Tests

Complexity reduction through commonality and systems of systems design approaches

Real-Time, Self-Learning Optimal Control of Vehicle Systems

Multilevel System Vehicle Design for Reliability and Safety

Time-Variant Reliability-Based Optimization for Lifecycle Cost Reduction

Packing of soft deformable objects

Thrust Area 1 Thrust Area 2 Thrust Area 3 Thrust Area 4Thrust Area 5

ARC

University MembershipUniversity Membership

The TARDEC/UM management team decides on which schools to partner with, based on the technical quality and relevance of their work to the core Army mission.

University of Alaska – Fairbanks: Tire-Snow interaction expertiseUniversity of Iowa: NADS facility and excellence in structures oriented RBDO research Wayne State University: Excellence in diesel engine researchUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison: Excellence in engine systems research and linkage with ERCOakland University: Unique capabilities in system level RBDO modelingClemson University: Synergies with emerging southern states automotive industry and excellence in systems optimizationUniversity of Tennessee: Synergies with emerging southern states automotive industry and unique capabilities in 3D imagingVirginia Tech University: Vehicle system level modeling expertise

Partner School Membership

University of Michigan, Lead 1994- 2008Wayne State University 1994-2008

Clemson University 1998-2008Oakland University 1998-2008

University of Alaska - Fairbanks 1998-2008University of Iowa 1998-2008

Virginia Tech University 2007-2008University of Wisconsin - Madison 1994-2003

Howard University 1994-1996University of Tennessee - Knoxville 1998-2006

ARCMajor AccomplishmentsMajor Accomplishments

Publications, Patents, Citations, Software, Copyrightdisclosures, awards, invited talks, poster sessions:

• 48 PhD and MS students– Graduated students in the last two years: 36 MS and 19 PhD

• Conference and journal papers in the last two years: 88 journal and 110 conference• 4 ASME Awards, 1 JSME Award• Tau Beta Pi Educational Award, 2 U of M Research Faculty Recognition Awards• President of the US Association for Computational Mechanics• President of ISSMO• 12 invited lectures at distinguished conferences • Advisory committees/panels: NSF “Design and Cyber-infrastructure,” Army High Performance

Computing Research Center, and Air Force Office of Scientific Research

•Predictive diesel engine system simulation for analysis of advanced diesel combustion, charging and thermal management

•High fidelity hybrid propulsion system modeling and optimization methodologies

•Advanced computational methods for reliability-based robust design optimization and energy finite element analysis have been developed and validated

•Biomechanical and cognitive human models for integration with vehicle systems

•AVASIM (accuracy and validation environment) was developed including a TTR (Time to Rollover) threat index.

ARC

Tech Transfer ExamplesTech Transfer Examples• Requirements for future Army vehicle RFP development derived from ARC modeling and

simulation tools

• Hybrid Hydraulic Power-Assist system development for the FMTV in partnership with Dana - PermoDrive

• High fidelity powertrain system models delivered to TACOM for integration with DADS

• Cold-Start Combustion strategy transitioned to commercial diesel industry

• Advanced durability analysis and reliability-based design optimization software has been parallelized and installed on TARDEC High Performance Computing, and applied to analyze fatigue failure of the High Mobility Trailer, Stryker, and HMMWV.

• Human motion prediction models have been developed and transitioned to TARDEC/PM to analyze soldier/vehicle interface

• AVASIM (accuracy and validation environment) and TTR (Time to Rollover metric) both transitioned directly to TARDEC.

• Optimization and model reduction methodologies incorporated in commercial software (iSIGHT, AMESIM)

ARC

U.S. Army ImpactU.S. Army Impact

• Advanced technical evaluation and selection of future propulsion technology options for high mobility tactical and combat vehicles

• Dramatic improvement of fuel economy of vehicle systems and reduction of the logistics footprint

• Development of innovative lightweight crash and blast resistant vehicle structures

• Rapid assessment of HMMWV system level reliability and durability for weight reduction and improvement of reliability

• Reduction of weight of Stryker vehicles while maintaining level of durability and reliability

• Improved soldier performance while interacting with manned and unmanned vehicle systems

• Transfer of high-fidelity human interface experiments on the TARDEC Ride Motion Simulator to Army vehicle developers

• Develop relationships between government, industry and academia to significantly contribute to future Army ground vehicle technical challenges