ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria CLIMATIC DATA APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY (ARC 810) Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State
Dec 23, 2015
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
CLIMATIC DATAAPPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
(ARC 810)
Department of Architecture,Federal University of Technology,
Akure, Ondo State
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Climatic Data
1. Introduction2. Collecting the Data3. Dry bulb temperature4. Humidity5. The psychometric chart6. Vapour pressure7. Precipitation
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Climatic Data
8. Wind9. Sunshine10.Sky conditions11.Other phenomena12.Recording the data13.Variations in climate
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
1. Introduction
• This chapter specifies the Climatic data required for Architectural design and how they should be presented.
• The data include Dry bulb Temperature, Humidity, Vapour pressure, Precipitation, Wind, Sky conditions and other phenomena.
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
2. Collecting The Data
Points to be borne in mind during the collection of data are:
• Climatic data for one year is offered.• The unit of measurement should be
ascertained.• Where necessary, conversions should be
performed.
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
3. Dry Bulb Temperature
• Temperature readings are usually made in degrees Celsius(C) but sometimes in degrees Fahrenheit recorded with a minimum and maximum thermometer as well as a normal dry bulb thermometer.
• The soil-earth thermometer is used to measure the soil temperature.
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Plate x: Exterior of Stevenson’s screen Source: http://www.tsrye.fsnet.co.uk/stevensons.htm
3. Dry Bulb Temperature
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Plate x: Interior of Stevenson’s screen Source: http://www.tsrye.fsnet.co.uk/stevensons.htm
3. Dry Bulb Temperature
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Figure x: soil earth thermometer
3. Dry Bulb Temperature
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
4. Humidity
• The Humidity is usually measured with the wet-and-dry bulb hygrometer.
• A preferred instrument for the measurement of humidity is the hydrograph, which makes use of a revolving drum for the continuous recording of humidity levels.
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Figure x: Whirling Hygrometer
4. Humidity
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
5. Psychrometric Chart
• The psychrometric chart shows relationship between the dry bulb temperature, the wet bulb temperature and relative humidity or vapour pressure.
• The chart comprises of vertical lines representing dry bulb temperatures and curves for relative Humidity.
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
5. Psychrometric Chart
Plate x: sling psychrometer Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrometer
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
5. Psychrometric Chart
Plate x: The interior of a Stevenson screen showing a motorized psychrometer.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrometer
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
5. Psychrometric Chart
Figure x: The psychrometric chart
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
6. Vapour Pressure
• The vapour pressure is defined as the partial pressure of water vapour present in the air.
• When the air is saturated, the vapour pressure (Pv) is equal to the pressure of saturated vapour at the same temperature (Pvs).
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
7. Precipitation
• Precipitation refers to rain, snow, hail, dew and frost and is measured daily.
• Rainfall is measured with gauges in millimeters per hour, day or month.
• Types of recording rain guage are natural siphon and tilting siphon guage.
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
7. Precipitation
Plate x: Natural siphon rainfall recorderSource: http://www.fairmonthweather.com
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
7. Precipitation
Plate x: Natural siphon rainfall recorder chamberSource: http://www.fairmonthweather.com
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
8. Wind
• The wind velocity is measured by a cup type or propeller anemometer.
• The wind direction is measured by a wind vane.
• It spins on a rod and points in the direction from which the wind comes.
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
8. Wind
Figure x: Diagrammatic representation of the wind vane
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Figure 3: Examples of wind roses
8. Wind
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
9. Sunshine
• A campbell stokes is a device used by meteorologists to record the actual duration of sunshine.
• It works by using the optically pure glass ball as a magnifying glass and burning a paper strip.
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Plate x: Campbell Stokes sunshine recorder
9. Sunshine
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
10. Sky Conditions
• The cloud cover refers to the presence or absence of clouds.
• The average monthly cloud cover is measured in percentages, eighths or tenths.
• The measurements are taken twice daily.
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
11. Other Phenomena
The following may also be obtained from meteorological stations:
• The number of days with thunder.• The number of days with frost.• The number of days with hail.• The duration and nature of earthquakes,
tornadoes, hurricanes and dust-storms.
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
12. Recording The Data
• Climate data are recorded in forms, usually climate data sheets or climatic charts.
• Climate data sheets are used for recording the basic climatic data needed by a designer.
• Climatic charts are used for the graphical presentations of climatic data.
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
12. Recording The Data
Figure 4: Climatic data sheet for Zaria
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Figure 4: Climatic chart for Zaria
12. Recording The Data
ARC 810: Building ClimatologyDepartment of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
13. Variations In Climate
Variations in climate are caused by: • Differences in altitude.• The coastal or inland nature of locations.• Nearness to urban centers.• Obstructions caused by ground cover and
topography.