Arab-Israeli Conflict Why are Palestinians & Israelis angry?

Arab-Israeli ConflictArab-Israeli Conflict

Why are Palestinians & Israelis angry?Why are Palestinians & Israelis angry?

WS3 GroupsWS3 Groups

1.1. Blake, Liz, Jackie B, (Ben)Blake, Liz, Jackie B, (Ben)

2.2. Daly, Robbie, Taylor, Katie S, MylesDaly, Robbie, Taylor, Katie S, Myles

3.3. Andrew, Julia, Reed, (Jackie R)Andrew, Julia, Reed, (Jackie R)

4.4. Colin, Brendan, Caitlin (Caroline Cone)Colin, Brendan, Caitlin (Caroline Cone)

5.5. Caroline Cator, Hollis, Matt, (Jack)Caroline Cator, Hollis, Matt, (Jack)

WS6 GroupsWS6 Groups

Maddie, Jordan, KenleyMaddie, Jordan, Kenley

Nick, Carter, TJNick, Carter, TJ

Colleen, VictoriaColleen, Victoria

Peter, Jakes (2)Peter, Jakes (2)

Brianna, Alex, CarolineBrianna, Alex, Caroline

Questions (3)Questions (3)• How long has the conflict been going on?How long has the conflict been going on?• Why did the conflict begin?Why did the conflict begin?• Is there anyone who is winning today?Is there anyone who is winning today?• What side is the US on?What side is the US on?• What has been US policy on this conflict?What has been US policy on this conflict?• Will it be resolved?Will it be resolved?• Has Israel declared war on anyone?Has Israel declared war on anyone?

Questions (6)Questions (6)QuestionsQuestions

Arab-Israeli Conflict: Arab-Israeli Conflict: Some basicsSome basics

Who are the Arabs? Palestinians Religion? Who are the Arabs? Palestinians Religion? Muslims Where do they live? Occupied Muslims Where do they live? Occupied territories of West Bank & Gaza Strip and territories of West Bank & Gaza Strip and also Jordan, Syria, etcalso Jordan, Syria, etc

Who are the Israelis? Religion? Jews Who are the Israelis? Religion? Jews Where do they live? IsraelWhere do they live? Israel

What is Israel/Palestine? Same territory What is Israel/Palestine? Same territory with a different namewith a different name

What is the conflict about? Land/religionWhat is the conflict about? Land/religion

Yellow: Israeli Yellow: Israeli territory (Jewish)territory (Jewish)

Tan: Palestinian Tan: Palestinian territory territory occupiedoccupied by Israelis (Arab-by Israelis (Arab-Muslim)Muslim)

Israeli SideIsraeli SideRead article “The Israeli Side”Read article “The Israeli Side”

Jews lived in this land first Jews lived in this land first

God promised this land to the JewsGod promised this land to the Jews– Jerusalem holiest city for JewsJerusalem holiest city for Jews

Jewish Diaspora: Jews forced to fleeJewish Diaspora: Jews forced to flee

Persecution in Europe; rise in Anti-SemitismPersecution in Europe; rise in Anti-Semitism

Zionism (homeland)Zionism (homeland)

Jewish immigrants arrived in “Palestine”Jewish immigrants arrived in “Palestine”

Balfour DeclarationBalfour Declaration

Holocaust Holocaust

Arab SideArab SideRead Arab SideRead Arab Side

Palestine is an Arab territory and has been so Palestine is an Arab territory and has been so since Jews left in 70 ADsince Jews left in 70 AD

Jerusalem: 3Jerusalem: 3rdrd holiest city for Muslims holiest city for Muslims

Angry with imperialism by GB & FranceAngry with imperialism by GB & France

McMahon (GB) promised Arabs they could McMahon (GB) promised Arabs they could remain on that landremain on that land

Neighboring Arab countries sympathize with Neighboring Arab countries sympathize with PalestiniansPalestinians

Jewish DiasporaJewish Diaspora

France and Britain interveneFrance and Britain intervene

Sykes-Picot agreement (1916): secret treaty Sykes-Picot agreement (1916): secret treaty between France and GB to divide the former between France and GB to divide the former Ottoman empire (Middle East) between themOttoman empire (Middle East) between them

McMahon (British commissioner in Egypt) McMahon (British commissioner in Egypt) promises Arab independence (including promises Arab independence (including Palestine)Palestine)

Balfour promises Jews a home in PalestineBalfour promises Jews a home in Palestine

Do you see any problems with this?Do you see any problems with this?

From Ottoman Empire to From Ottoman Empire to European ImperialismEuropean Imperialism

Balfour Declaration (1917)Balfour Declaration (1917)

““view w/ favor view w/ favor the the

establishment in establishment in Palestine of a Palestine of a national home national home for the Jewish for the Jewish

people”people”

Early tensionEarly tension

The Balfour Declaration leads to waves of Jewish The Balfour Declaration leads to waves of Jewish immigration to Palestineimmigration to Palestine

Obviously, this causes difficulties for the people Obviously, this causes difficulties for the people who already live there, Arab Muslimswho already live there, Arab Muslims

Violence breaks out between Jews & ArabsViolence breaks out between Jews & Arabs

1929: GB tries to halt Jewish immigration to 1929: GB tries to halt Jewish immigration to Palestine and claims it never planned for Palestine and claims it never planned for Palestine to become a Jewish statePalestine to become a Jewish state

1930s: Hitler comes to power & some Arabs, 1930s: Hitler comes to power & some Arabs, angry over Jewish immigration, support his ideasangry over Jewish immigration, support his ideas

Arab ProtestsArab Protests

Demand an end to Jewish Demand an end to Jewish immigrationimmigrationThey feared being They feared being outnumberedoutnumbered

British mandate ends after WWIIBritish mandate ends after WWII

What’s a mandate?What’s a mandate?

Mandate: an agreement that one country Mandate: an agreement that one country will rule another until that country is ready will rule another until that country is ready for independencefor independence

1947: United Nations proposes creating 1947: United Nations proposes creating both an Arab state and a Jewish state in both an Arab state and a Jewish state in PalestinePalestine

British mandate endsBritish mandate ends

May 14, 1948: British mandate officially endsMay 14, 1948: British mandate officially ends

GB leaves PalestineGB leaves Palestine

Israel declares itself independentIsrael declares itself independent

6 Arab countries launch an all out, but 6 Arab countries launch an all out, but uncoordinated attack on Israel. They also have uncoordinated attack on Israel. They also have less troops and less training than Israel.less troops and less training than Israel.

Israel defeats the Arab forces and expands their Israel defeats the Arab forces and expands their territory over the original UN partition plan territory over the original UN partition plan before an armistice is signed (1949)before an armistice is signed (1949)

June 1967 War (Six Day War)June 1967 War (Six Day War)

As tensions between Egypt and Israel escalate As tensions between Egypt and Israel escalate again and Egypt amasses troops on the border, again and Egypt amasses troops on the border, Israel launches a preemptive attack on Egypt, Israel launches a preemptive attack on Egypt, Syria, & JordanSyria, & JordanBy the end of the war, Israel had doubled its By the end of the war, Israel had doubled its territoryterritoryThey took the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip They took the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from Egypt, the West Bank from Jordan, and the from Egypt, the West Bank from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria (occupied territories)Golan Heights from Syria (occupied territories)U.N. resolution 242: Tells Israel to return territory U.N. resolution 242: Tells Israel to return territory and for Arab states to recognize Israel’s right to and for Arab states to recognize Israel’s right to exist (it fails)exist (it fails)

SettlementsSettlements

Israel starts to build settlements (Jewish Israel starts to build settlements (Jewish neighborhoods) INSIDE those occupied neighborhoods) INSIDE those occupied territoriesterritories

PLO: Palestine Liberation Organization PLO: Palestine Liberation Organization

Political organization claiming to speak for Political organization claiming to speak for all Palestinians all Palestinians

Formed to organize the separate Formed to organize the separate resistance movements of Palestiniansresistance movements of Palestinians

Leader from 1969-2004: Yassir ArafatLeader from 1969-2004: Yassir Arafat

8M Palestinians estimated around the 8M Palestinians estimated around the world world

October 1973 WarOctober 1973 War

Egypt & Syria attack Egypt & Syria attack Israel on Yom Kippur Israel on Yom Kippur (holiest day of the (holiest day of the Jewish calendar) to Jewish calendar) to get their territory backget their territory back

Arabs show they can Arabs show they can be a formidable be a formidable fighting forcefighting force

Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty (1978)(1978)

Although Egypt had taken back the Suez Canal, Although Egypt had taken back the Suez Canal, it also wanted the Sinai Peninsula back as wellit also wanted the Sinai Peninsula back as well

Finally, in September of 1978, Egypt (Sadat) and Finally, in September of 1978, Egypt (Sadat) and Israel (Begin) met at Camp David in the U.S. Israel (Begin) met at Camp David in the U.S. with President Carterwith President Carter

Israel withdrew its forces from occupied Israel withdrew its forces from occupied Egyptian territory and Egypt recognized Israel’s Egyptian territory and Egypt recognized Israel’s right to exist (first Arab country to do so)right to exist (first Arab country to do so)

Arab reaction to peace treatyArab reaction to peace treaty

Arab nations are furious with Egypt for Arab nations are furious with Egypt for recognizing Israelrecognizing Israel

Sadat (President of Egypt) is assassinatedSadat (President of Egypt) is assassinated

Yitzhak RabinYitzhak Rabin

P.M. of Israel from P.M. of Israel from 1974-77 and 92-951974-77 and 92-95

Led Israel towards Led Israel towards peace with peace with PalestiniansPalestinians

Nobel Peace PrizeNobel Peace Prize

Put a freeze on new Put a freeze on new settlementssettlements

Assassinated in 1995 Assassinated in 1995 by a Jewish extremistby a Jewish extremist

Intifada (begins 1987)Intifada (begins 1987)

Palestinian uprising in the West Bank and Palestinian uprising in the West Bank and Gaza StripGaza Strip

Israeli soldiers respond with extreme forceIsraeli soldiers respond with extreme force

1988: PLO recognizes Israel1988: PLO recognizes Israel

November 15, 1988: Palestinians declared November 15, 1988: Palestinians declared country of Palestine country of Palestine andand recognized recognized Israel’s right to exist Israel’s right to exist

Move towards a Move towards a 2 state solution2 state solution (Israel & (Israel & Palestine)Palestine)

Palestinians splitPalestinians split

Fatah –moderate Palestinians trying to Fatah –moderate Palestinians trying to work with Israel to secure peace and 2 work with Israel to secure peace and 2 state solutionstate solution

Hamas –radical Palestinians who do not Hamas –radical Palestinians who do not recognize Israel and have engaged in recognize Israel and have engaged in terrorismterrorism

Building a barrierBuilding a barrier

2002: Israel began construction of a 2002: Israel began construction of a barrier around the West Bank to prevent barrier around the West Bank to prevent Palestinian suicide attacks inside Israel. Palestinian suicide attacks inside Israel. The barrier is composed mainly of electric The barrier is composed mainly of electric and barbed wire fences, trenches, dirt and barbed wire fences, trenches, dirt paths, patrol roads, guard towers, and paths, patrol roads, guard towers, and surveillance cameras. surveillance cameras.

Building a barrierBuilding a barrier

Rather than run along the 1967 borders Rather than run along the 1967 borders (the Green Line), most of the barrier route (the Green Line), most of the barrier route was set inside the West Bank, confiscating was set inside the West Bank, confiscating Palestinian lands and creating enclaves on Palestinian lands and creating enclaves on both sides of the barrier—those enclosed both sides of the barrier—those enclosed within the West Bank and those trapped within the West Bank and those trapped between the barrier and the Green Line. It between the barrier and the Green Line. It effectively confines more than 100,000 effectively confines more than 100,000 men, women, and children in men, women, and children in enclaves. enclaves.

Settlement Settlement MapMap

2002 2002 WALLWALL

2005: Israel leaves Gaza2005: Israel leaves Gaza

Israel forces all Jewish settlers to leave Israel forces all Jewish settlers to leave GazaGaza

Israel returns Gaza to PalestiniansIsrael returns Gaza to Palestinians

Hamas wins election over FatahHamas wins election over Fatah

US and EU refuse to recognize HamasUS and EU refuse to recognize Hamas

Problems with democracy?Problems with democracy?

Palestinians continue to use Gaza to Palestinians continue to use Gaza to attack Israelisattack Israelis

Jewish settlers… Jewish settlers… removed by their own militaryremoved by their own military

Gaza todayGaza today

Israel controls access to GazaIsrael controls access to Gaza

1.5M population of Gaza1.5M population of Gaza

Literacy: 93%Literacy: 93%

GDP per capita: $2,900 (Israel GDP per GDP per capita: $2,900 (Israel GDP per capita is $28,200)capita is $28,200)

Unemployment rate: 49%Unemployment rate: 49%

Overview of ConflictOverview of Conflict

http://www.cfr.org/publication/13850/

What caused terrorists to act on What caused terrorists to act on 9/11?9/11?

Why Palestinians are angryWhy Palestinians are angry

Israel encroaching on Palestinian landIsrael encroaching on Palestinian land

Humiliated by Israeli militaryHumiliated by Israeli military

US supporting Israel ($/arms)US supporting Israel ($/arms)

Jews received more land but had less peopleJews received more land but had less people

Lived there longer (almost 2000 yrs)Lived there longer (almost 2000 yrs)

Promised land by McMahon (GB)Promised land by McMahon (GB)

Only US/Israel opposed to their independenceOnly US/Israel opposed to their independence

Jewish terrorist groups have killed PalestiniansJewish terrorist groups have killed Palestinians

Israel is building a wall in the West Bank on Palestinian Israel is building a wall in the West Bank on Palestinian landland

West Bank and Gaza aren’t connected & can’t tradeWest Bank and Gaza aren’t connected & can’t trade

Resolving the Arab-Israeli ConflictResolving the Arab-Israeli ConflictA RoadmapA Roadmap

One state solution or two state solution?One state solution or two state solution?

How to stop suicide bombers?How to stop suicide bombers?

How to decrease humiliation of Palestinians?How to decrease humiliation of Palestinians?

How to improve economy of Palestinians?How to improve economy of Palestinians?

How to get other Arab nations to recognize How to get other Arab nations to recognize Israel?Israel?

What should the Obama administration do?What should the Obama administration do?