-
Arab Mahomet (570- 632 A.D.) Mohammed, Muhammed . 7 Arab , . 632
(Saracen) Baghdad, Cairo(Egypt), Cordoba(Spain) , , , Arab .
Baghdad () (828A.D) Greece Arab . (9 - 10) Egypt Islam
-
Jabir ibn Hayan(722~815 A.D.) (Book of Geber) Geber 2( ) : , : :
, :
-
2. Al Razi(866~921 A.D.) Rhozes, Rases Baghdad (Book of Secrets)
, , . .
-
3. Avicenna(980~1037 A.D.) Ibn Sina . , , 250 . Canon of
Medicine Served as an authority for Arab and European medicine for
the next 500years. , , . . As Alchemist ; If Transmutation() is
possible at all, metal would have to be broken down into its
constituents and resembled.
-
4 . . ( ) .
-
11 . 1096-1270 7 . 1140 Robert Latin , ., , Latin .Pseudo Geber
Writing (() ) Arab , , .
-
14C~15C . . , . Pope John XXII 1317, 1327 banned Venice 1387
England 1404 France 1418
-
2. .
3. .
-
Albert Magnus (1193 ~1280 A.D.) Albert von Bollstdt . ,, Rome .
. De Alchymia
-
2. Roger Bacon 1214~1294() Oxford , . , ( .) 1267.
-
3. Raymundus Lullus (1235~1315) (Northern Catalonia , Spain) , .
, , . . 5 (, Spirit) . Arab . . ( ) .
-
. , . . , , ,
-
Renaissance Humanism .(14~16C.) . .
-
Renaissance Paracelsus(1493~1541, Swiss) :Bombastus von
Hohenheim 16 Swiss Basel . Better than Celsus(Roman medical
authority) 3(tria prima) , , . : : :
-
3 . (, ) .Alcohol .Tincture of opium = alcohol extract of
opium
1525 Basel Johannes Froben. Alchemy Chemie .Iatrochemistry()
-
1-1. Vannoccio Biringuccio(1480~1539, Italy)
Italy De la pirotechnia().1540 1~4 ; , 5~8 ; , , 9~10 ; , ,
-
2. Georg Agricola(1494~1555 ) , De Re Metalica () 12 . 300 .
.
-
3. Johann Rudalph Glauber(1604~1670 ) . First great chemist who
was not primarily a physician. + (, ) . Deutschlands Wohlfahrt
(Welfare of Germany)
-
Boyle Renaissance . .
-
Robert Boyle (1627~1691, ) Ireland (14 , 7 ) . France, Italy .
Oxford M.D. 1645 Invisible College( ) John Wilkins , , 10 . Boyle
1646 . ( 1) 1662 Charles II Royal Society ()
-
Robert Boyle , . . .Issac Newton (1642~1727) . (Inductive
method) . . (Deductive method) .
-
Robert Boyle Galileo (1564~1642, Italy) .Boyles Law (1660) :
Mariotte Law in France (1679) Boyle-Mariottes Law.The Scetical
Chemist ( ) 1661. 3 3 ( ) (Carneades), 4 (Themistius), 3
(Philoponus), (Elentherius) .Latin (Chemista Scepticus) .
-
Boyle Evangelista Torricelli (1608~1647, Italy) Torricelli
vacuum 1643 1 torr = 1 mmHg,
2. Blaise Pascal (1623~1662, France) , , . Torricelli . 1300 m
7.62 cm . 1 pascal = newton/m2 = 10 bar (SI)
3. Otto von Guericke (1602~1686, )
-
Boyle 3. Otto von Guericke (1602~1686, ) Netherlands Reyden ,
Magdeburg (Burgermeister) (4 1) 1654 Regensburg Magdeburg
hemisphere . ( 16) Ferdinand III, , .
-
Robert Boyle Corpuscalar Philosophy() .( , universal matter) .(,
minute particles) .( , minute clusters) .( , little primary
concretions) .( concretes, , mixed bodies)
-
The Phlogiston TheoryJ.J.Becher(1635~1682,) , 1667 3 .
(tertramer curialis) : (terra lapidea) : (terra pinguis) : . .
-
Georg G.Stahl(1660~1734,) Becher (Physica Subterranea). 1703
(terra pinguis Phlogiston .1697
Phlogiston Theory Phlogiston Phlogiston .
-
+ phlogiston() + + + ( + )
18 18 . Priestley Scheele, Cavendish Phlogiston Theory
Arab -Jabir ibn HayanAl Razi(866~921 A.D.)Avicenna(980~1037
A.D.) -2( ) -Albert MagnusRoger Bacon 1214~1294()Raymundus Lullus
(1235~1315) Renaissance
Renaissance - Paracelsus(1493~1541, Swiss)Renaissance
-Paracelsus(1493~1541, Swiss)-2Vannoccio Biringuccio(1480~1539,
Italy)Georg Agricola(1494~1555 )Georg Agricola(1494~1555 )Georg
Agricola(1494~1555 )Georg Agricola(1494~1555 )Johann Rudalph
Glauber(1604~1670 )Johann Rudalph Glauber(1604~1670 )Johann Rudalph
Glauber(1604~1670 )Boyle Robert Boyle (1627~1691, )Robert
Boyle-2Robert Boyle Boyle Boyle -2Corpuscalar PhilosophyThe
Phlogiston TheoryThe Phlogiston Theory-2The Phlogiston Theory-3