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# Haussmann Haussmann's renovation of Paris

or the Haussmann Plan, was a modernization program of

and led by the Seine III Napoléoncommissioned by Paris1853 , between Haussmann Eugène-Baron Georges, prefect

and 1870. Though work continued until the end of the 19th , it is 1870's demise in Second Empirecentury, well after the

often referred to as the "Second Empire reforms".

Haussmann's approach to urban planning was strongly criticised by some of his -, ignored for a good part of the twentieth century, but later recontemporaries

. His adiscreditedapproaches to urban planning became modernistevaluated when restructuring of Paris gave the city its present form; its long, straight, wide boulevards with their cafés and shops determined a new type of urban scenario and have had a profound influence on the everyday lives of Parisians. Haussmann's boulevards established the foundation of what is today the popular representation of the French capital around the world, cutting through the old Paris of dense and irregular medieval alleyways into a more rationally-designed city with wide avenues and open spaces which extended outwards far beyond the old city limits.

. The Middle AgesIn the middle of the nineteenth century, the centre of Paris had the same structure as it did in the ]1[narrow interweaving streets and cramped buildings impeded the flow of traffic, resulting in unhealthy conditions

had pushed the outer ]specify[The successive regimes ]citation needed[that were denounced by the first hygiene scientists.(beltway), but none of them changed the heart of périphériquelimits of the city to where they are today, on the Paris

the capital. From the 1830s to 1860s, it was much the same.

neighbourhoodswas one of the rare Le Marais

almost completely untouched by the Haussmann ).Sensde Hôtelrenovations (pictured:

Place Saint-Georges

# Philibert Delorme

He was born in Lyon, the son of Jean Delorme, a master mason. At an early age Philibert was sent to Italy to study (1533–1536) . Returning to France he was patronized by Cardinal du Bellay at Lyon, and was sent by him about 1540 to Paris, where he began the Chateau de St Maur-des-Fossés, and enjoyed royal favour and was employed there by Pope Paul III.

Philibert de L'Orme, Entrance Gate for the Chateau d'Anet,

Eure-et Loir

Israel Silvestre's view of the uppermost terrace of the Château Neuf at Meudon

shows (with artistic license) its neglected state a century later.

# Andrea Palladio Andrea Palladio (30 November 1508 – 19 August 1580) was an Italian architect active in the Republic of Venice. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily by Vitruvius, is widely considered the most influential individual in the history of Western architecture. All of his buildings are located in what was the Venetian Republic, but his teachings, summarized in the architectural treatis

Andrea Palladio - Ask Jeeves Encyclopedia

Façade of Palazzo Chiericati in Vicenza

# Andrea Palladio

Garden Facade

Built 1660-85 by Louis LeVau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart; André LeNôtre (gardens), Charles LeBrun (decoration) 36,000 workmen were employed to build the palace. In 1677 Louis XIV moved the court there

Hamlet of Marie