ar320

DR. faroq mofti AR320

By: Hattan abdulbagi

1014331

جون ناش

JOHN NASH

جون ناش

JOHN NASH

معلومات شخصية

جون ناش: االسم

بريطاني: الجنسية

الميالدتاريخ:

م1752/ 1/ 18

المبث: محل الميالد

الوفاةتاريخ:

م1835/ 5/ 13

جون ناش John Nash ( مايو 13 – م1752 يناير 18عاش بريطانيا مسئوال عن معظم الشكل العام كان معماريا ( م1835

للندن تحت رعاية جورج الرابع حين كان األمير الوصي على .ملكا العرش ثم حين أصبح

كما كان رائدا في استخدامPicturesque في تصميم المباني .العام وشكلها

وقصر برايتونأكثر تصميماته شهرة كانت الجناح الملكي ، . بكنجهام

الخلفية المهنية وأوائل

تايلور جون ناش تدرب مع المهندس المعماري السير روبرت.

هذا قدم له .نجار في البداية عمل في عدة مهن مساح و بناء و

.السنة جنيه استرليني في 300دخل نحو

م1777أنشأ ممارسته المعمارية الخاصة في .

المدى ولكن قصيرة ناجحهكانت مسيرته في البداية.

من عمه توماس، م1778جنيه استرليني في 1000بعد وراثة

استثمر المال في بناء أول األعمال المعروفة مستقلة، ساحة دار

لكنه فشل في . بلومزبريالعظمى في شارع راسيلو بلومزبري

م1783الممتلكات والسماح وأشهر افالسه في عام

سيرته

وقد أضاف جون ناشNash إلى العمارة البريطانية المتجّهمة لمسة من مرح

وأعقبه Wellل يوأتى و( لمسة من الزخارف ذات الطابع المرح) الروكوكوليقوم بدور بستاني فصمم القصور والمباني الواقعة في Repton ربتون همفري

والزرائب على والعرائشالمزارع الريفية واضعا في اعتباره توزيع األكواخ ·والصينيالطراز الفرنسي والهندي

وقد أمتعت هذه التصميمات النبالء الذين كانوا قد برموا بحياتهم، وأفراد الطبقةخيُّ ثريا ورعاه األمير Nashوأصبح ناش · العليا عهد م1811وفي سنة · السَّ

Regent ستريت ريجنت)العرش إليه إعادة تشييد ميل من شارع الوصي على st. ونوع · إلى المناطق الريفية( شامل)كبير ثم في قوس كارلتونبدءا من دار

ناش في خطوط مشروعه مستخدما األهلة والشرفات جاعال مساحات مكشوفة مجموعات المباني واستخدم األعمدة ذوات الطرز واألشجاربين الحشأئشمن

في وقت الحق تم تدمير معظم هذا )الطريق البهجة على قوس الضفاءاأليونية ، لقد كان ( العمل للسماح بمزيد من المباني على حساب الحشائش واألشجار

مشروعا عبقريا في تخطيط المدن لكن تكاليفه صدمت الشعب الذي كان صابرا ·بنابليونعلى الجوع أمال في إلحاق الهزيمة

سيرته

ومع هذا فإن الوصي على العرش كان مبتهجا بعمل ناش فعهد إليهالذي كان مكانا أثيرا Brighton بريتونبتجديد الجناح الملكي في

م1823و م1815لألمير وأصدقائه، فأنجز ناش العمل فيما بين عامي جنيه إسترليني 160.000بتكلفة بلغت

لقد أعاد بناء الجناح على الطراز الهندي اإلسالمي بمآذن ذات اليمينومبان أخرى ذوات قباب وكانت صالة المآدب · وأخرى ذات الشمال

ثريات على هيئة اللوتس وبهاذات سقف محّدب وزخارف صينية، وكان االنطباع · جنيه إسترليني 4.290والتنين، وتكلفَّت هذه الصالة

الغريبة، وكان الحكم الفخافةاألول الذي يأخذه المرء عند رؤيتها هو النهائي عليها أنها عمل مسرف سواء في النفقات أم في الزينات

·والزخارف

سيرته

أصبح الوصي على العرش جورج الرابع ملكا م1820 وفي سنة ·

بكنجهاموسرعان ما عهد هذا الملك الجديد إلى ناش إعادة بناء دار

ووسط هذا الفقر واالقتراب من اإلفالس الذي · لتكون قصرا ملكيا

أعقب االنتصار على نابليون، راح ناش يعمل حتى مات الملك

فاستدعت الحكومة ناش ذلك المعماري الوافر ( م1830)المبّذر

اإلنتاج ليوضح لها ما صرفه ويفّسر بعض األخطاء التي نسبت

·الشديدقلما كانت إنجلترا في مثل هذا السناء العظيم أو البؤس · إليه

Work in London

All Souls Langham Place

The interior looking east, All

Souls Langham Place

The interior looking west,

All Souls Langham Place

Work in London

The interior looking north,

All Souls Langham Place The Rotunda Woolwich

Cumberland Terrace

Work in London

Cumberland Terrace Carlton House Terrace

Theatre Royal Haymarket

Work in London

Buckingham Palace

Garden Front

The Royal Mews, Buckingham

Palace

Park Crescent

Work in London

East side, Park Square

West side, Park Square

Marble Arch

Work in London

Chester Terrace

Detail, Chester Terrace

Clarence House

Work in London

Former United Services Club

Nash's plan for Regent Street

Conservatory, Kew Gardens

Work in London

King's Opera House, demolished

Royal Opera Arcade

Hanover Terrace

Work in London

Gloucester Gate

Regent's Park, still largely

as planned by Nash

St. James's Park, Nash's lake

Work in London

Park Crescent, London (1806, 1819–21)

Southborough House, 14 Ashcombe Avenue, Southborough, Surbiton (1808)

Southborough Lodge, 16 Ashcombe Avenue, Southborough, Surbiton (1808)

18 Ashcombe Avenue, Southborough, Surbiton (1808) Southborough House's summer house

Regent Street (1809–1826) rebuilt

Regent's Park (1809–32)

Regent's Canal (1811–1820)

Royal Lodge (1811–20) subsequently remodelled by Sir Jeffry Wyattville

Carlton House, London remodelled several interiors, (1812–14) demolished 1825 to make way for Nash's Carlton House Terraces

Trafalgar Square (1813–30) completely redesigned by Sir Charles Barry

The Rotunda, Woolwich (1814) & (1820)

St. James's Park (1814–27)

Work in London

The King's Opera House, Haymarket on the site of Her Majesty's Theatre The Royal Opera Arcade is the only part still standing (1816–18)

Waterloo Place (1816) rebuilt

The County Fire Office (1819) rebuilt

Piccadilly Circus (1820) rebuilt

Suffolk Place, Haymarket (1820)

Haymarket Theatre (1820–21)

14-16 Regent Street (Nash's own house) (1820–21)

York Gate (1821)

the Church of All Souls, Langham Place (1822–25)

Hanover Terrace (1822)

York Terrace (1822)

Royal Mews (1822–24)

Sussex Place (1822–23)

Albany Terrace, London (1823)

Work in London

Park Square, London (1823–24)

Park Village East & West (1823–34)

Cambridge Terrace (1824)

landscaped King's Road (1824)

Ulster Terrace (1824)

Buckingham Palace the state rooms and western front (1825–30), since much extended by James Pennethorne, Edward Blore & Aston Webb

Chester Terrace (1825)

Clarence House (1825–27)

Cumberland Terrace (1826)

Former United Services Club Pall Mall now Institute of Directors(1826–28)

Gloucester Terrace (1827)

Carlton House Terrace (1827–1833)

Marble Arch (1828)

430-449 Strand (1830)

Work in London

The changes made by John Nash to the streetscape

of London are documented in the film, "John Nash

and London", featuring Edmund N. Bacon and

based on sections of his book Design of Cities.

Work in Wales

St. Non's Church Llanerchaeron Hafod Uchtryd

Work in Wales

Foley House Clytha Park Main gates

Work in Wales

The stable block at Plas Llanstephan (1788)

Golden Grove house, Llanfihangel Aberbythych (1788)

Priory House, Camarthen (1788–89)

Carmarthen Gaol, (1789–92)

St David's Cathedral, new west front (1789–1791) completely remodelled by Sir George Gilbert Scott (1862).

Glanusk Villa, Cadoxton-juxta-Neath (1790)

Llanfechan house, Llanwenog, Cardiganshire c.(1790) attributed on stylistic grounds

Meidrim Poor House (1791)

Newport Bridge (1791–92) abandoned before completion

Cardigan Gaol, (1791–97)

Ffynone House, Boncath (1792–96)

Sion House, Tenby (1792)

Work in Wales

South Sion Lodge, Tenby (1792)

Emlyn Cottage, Newcastle Emlyn (1792–94) demolished 1881

Dolaucothi house, Cynwyl Gaeo (1792–96) demolished (c. 1954)

Tregaron Bridge (1793)

Abergavenny Market Place (1794-46)

Foley House, Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire (1794)

Hafod Uchtryd, remodelling including octagonal library (1794) demolished 1958.

Herman Hill House, Haverfordwest (c.1794)

Llanerchaeron, Ciliau Aeron, Ceredigion (c.1794)

Llysnewydd, Henllan, Ceredigion (1795)

Whitson Court, near Newport (1795)

Glanwysc Villa, Llangattock (Crickhowell) (c.1795)

Llysnwydd house, Llangeler (c.1795) attributed on stylistic grounds demolished 1971.

Work in Wales

Temple Druid House, Maenclochog (1795)

Castle House, later replaced by Old College Aberystwyth University, (1795)

The Priory Cardigan, Ceredigion (1795)

Clytha Park gates, (1797)

Llanerchaeron, St Non's Church (1798) attributed on stylistic grounds

Harpton Court, Old Radnor, remodelled (1805) demolished 1956 apart from the service range

Hawarden Castle (18th century), enlargement (1807)

Nanteos Mansion, planned replanning and new dairy and lodges (1814) not executed

Rheola House, Resolven (1814–18) probably not built

Picton Memorial, Carmarthen (1827-8) demolished 1846

Work in England outside London

Blaise Hamlet

Blaise Hamlet

Circular Cottage, Blaise

Hamlet

Work in England outside London

Entrance to Attingham Park

Cronkhill

Caerhays Castle

Work in England outside London

The Royal Pavilion Brighton

The entrance, The Royal

Pavilion Brighton

Banqueting Room,

The Royal Pavilion

Brighton

Work in England outside London

The kitchen, The Royal

Pavilion Brighton Grovelands Park

Witley Court

Work in England outside London

Blaise Castle, additions, including the conservatory and various buildings in the grounds, dairy, gatehouses e.t.c. (1795-c.1806)

Kentchurch Court, Pontrilas (c.1795)

Hereford Gaol (1796)

Corsham Court, remodelling work, only his east front survives, (1796–1813)

Grovelands Park, Enfield, Middlesex (1797)

Atcham, several houses in the village (1797)

Attingham Park, new picture gallery and entrance lodges (c1797-1808)

Work in England outside London

East Cowes Castle on the Isle of Wight (1798–1802) – his home until his death in 1835, demolished 1960.

Sundridge Park, Sundridge, London, (1799)

Chalfont House, Chalfont St Peter, remodelled (1799–1800)

Helmingham Hall, modernisation work (1800–1803)

Luscombe Castle (1800–1804)

Cronkhill, near Shrewsbury, Shropshire. First Italianate villa in Britain. (1802)

Longner Hall, Atcham, remodelling and extension (1803)

Nunwell House, Nunwell Isle of Wight (1805–07)

Sandridge Park (1805)

Witley Court (1805–06)

Market House Chichester (1807)

Ravensworth Castle (1808)

Caerhays Castle, Cornwall (1808)[66]

Ingestre Hall (1808–1813) rebuilt later in the 19th century

Blaise Hamlet, Bristol (1810–11)

Guildhall Newport, Isle of Wight (1814)

rebuilding of the Royal Pavilion at Brighton (1815–1822)

Work in Ireland

Swiss cottage, Cahir Shanbally Castle

Work in Ireland

House for Countess Shannon, County Cork. 1796. Unbuilt.

Ballindoon House (c.1800) Kingsborough, Derry, County Sligo for Stafford-King-Harmon family. House and stable block.

Killymoon Castle, near Cookstown, County Tyrone, (1801-7)* . Castle originally built in 1671. Rebuilt in Norman style by Nash for Col. William Stewart at an alleged cost of £80,000. Now well maintained as home of the Coulter family. The parkland is now used as a golf course.

Lissan Rectory, County Londonderry. 1807. Italianate Villa.

Kilwaughter Castle, Larne, County Antrim.[67] (1807). New castillated mansion built for E.J. Agnew incorporating an earlier house. Demolished 1951.

Caledon House, County Tyrone, (1808–10) for Earl of Caledon. Enlargement and embellishment of an earlier house ( 1779) by Thomas Cooley with two single storey domed wings connected by a colonnade of coupled Ionic columns. Nash redecorated the oval drawing room.

Aras an Uachtarain, Phoenix Park, Dublin. (Former Vice-Regal Lodge, now President's residence) 1808. Entrance lodges only.

St John's Church Caledon, Count Tyrone (1808). Alterations including timber spire. Spire replaced in stone to same design 1830.

Work in Ireland

St. Paul's Church of Ireland church in Cahir, South Tipperary.1816-1818. Cruciform plan. Allegedly Nash's best Gothic revival church.

Rockingham House, Boyle, County Roscommon (1810). Originally two storey with curved central bow, fronted by a semi-circular Ionic colonnade, and surmounted by a dome. Built for the King Harmon family. Extra floor added by others. Burnt in fire 1957. Subsequently demolished. Parkland now a public park and amenity.

Rockingham lakeside gazebo.

Rockingham Gothic Chapel. Roofless.

Rockingham Castle. Nash may have contributed to picturesque island castle ruin.

Swiss cottage, Cahir County Tipperary.(1810–14) Cottage ornée.

City Gaol, Limerick City, County Limerick. 1811-1814. New Gaol.

Lough Cutra Castle, Gort, County Galway(1811–1817) . Built for Charles Vereker subsequently Viscount Gort.

Work in Ireland

Shane's Castle [Randalstown, County Antrim.](1812–16). Alterations to 17th.century castle for 1st. Earl O'Neill consisting lakeside terrace, and battlemented conservatory with round headed windows, watch-tower and look-out. Burnt down 1816 before Nash's plans were completed and abandoned.

Burne Lodge. Crawfordsburn House, Co. Down. 1812. 2 storey gate lodge with octagonal room at first floor level.

Shanbally Castle, near Clogheen, South Tipperary (1818–19). Built for Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st. Viscount Lismore.Largest of Nash's Irish Castles. Has similarities with Luscombe Castle, Devon. Demolished and dynamited 1960.

Gracefield Lodge, County Laois, for Mrs. Kavanagh. 1817.

Erasmus Smith School, Cahir, County Tipperary. 1818.

Tynan Abbey, Tynan, County Armagh. 1820. Remodelled in Tudor gothick style for Sir James Stronge. gutted by fire 1980. Drawings destroyed after being photographed.

St. Laurence Church of Ireland, Derryloran Parish. 1822. Cost £2,769.4s.71/2d. Early English style. Rebuilt 1859-61.

Work in Ireland

Woodpark Lodge, Co. Armagh. Alterations. 1830's.

St. Beaidh church, Ardcarne, Co.Roscommon. Alterations including tower which was an eyecatcher to Rockingham House.

Somerset House, Coleraine for Mr. Richardson. Date not known. Unexecuted.

Mountain Lodge, Co. Tipperary for Viscount Lismore. Date not known. Now in use as youth hostel.

Castle Leslie, County Monaghan. Date not known. Gateways and gate lodge.

80-82 Chapel Street, Cookstown, County Tyrone. Dower house to Killymoon. Date not known.

Finaghy House, Belfast, Co. Armagh. Gatelodge. Date not known.

Quaker Meering House, Branch Road, Tramore, County Waterford. 1869.

Work in Scotland

Nash's only known work in Scotland is:

St. Mary's Isle, Kirkcudbright, an enclosure around

family graves (1796)