1 | Page AR - 7916 B.Sc. (Forestry) (Sixth Semester) Examination Paper-IV : Forest Entomology Time : Three hours Maximum Marks : 60 Model answer DR. PRABAL SARKAR Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
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AR - 7916 B.Sc. (Forestry) (Sixth Semester) Examination
Paper-IV : Forest Entomology Time : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 60
Model answer
DR. PRABAL SARKAR Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences
Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya
Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
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AR - 7916 B.Sc. (Forestry) (Sixth Semester) Examination
Paper-IV : Forest Entomology Time : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 60
Note : Section-A is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from Section-B
Section: A
1. Objective type questions (20x1=20)
Short questions:-
(i) What is insect pest?
Ans : Insect which ruthlessly damages our property (Agriculture, livestock, household articles) and
causes severe economic loss and public health is called insect pest.
(ii) What is called to those insect whose mouth parts pointed forward?
Ans : Prognathus.
(iii) Who authored the book entitled the Fauna of British India series on “Moth of India” published in 1892?
Ans : Sir G. Hampson.
(iv) What are the different segments in insect thorax?
Ans : Three segments- namely pro, meso and meta thorax.
(v) How many divisions are there in insect legs?
Ans : Five.
(vi) What is insect spiracle?
Ans : Spiracle is a small hole of some animals that serves respiration.
(vii) What do you mean by a hyperparasitism?
Ans : The parasite is being parasitized naturally by another species of parasite is called
hyperparasitism.
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(viii) How much relative humidity should be managed before storing of forest seeds?
Ans : 70-75%.
(ix) What are the major insect pests of nursery plants?
Ans : Cutworms, white-grubs, termite, crickets, grasshopper etc.
(x) How many insect pest causes damage to teak?
Ans : More than 174 species of insect pests.
Fill in the blanks :-
(xi) _J. G. Koening , a Danish physician turned Naturalist published first detailed life history of termites of India.
(xii) The Indian Ants is the first publication on biological control of Insect Pests in India authored
by _Rothney_ in 1893.
(xiii) The mouthparts of Insect which has a long finger like extension that tends to fold back while
in rest is called _Opisthognathus_ .
(xiv) All insects except the __protura_ possess a pair of antennae.
(xv) Abdomen of insect is differ from head and thorax by lacking of __appendages_ .
(xvi) Fumigants effect on _metabolic process_ and _acts as neurotoxicants_.
(xvii) Pests which are being parasitized by different species of parasite are called _multiple parasitism_.
(xviii) _Pyrethrum insecticide is extracted from flower of the plant, Chrysanthemum
cinerariaefolium.
(xix) In India, the Insecticides Act has been enforced in the year _1971_.
(xx) The exoskeleton in insect is made up of _chitin_.
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Section : B (Attempt any four questions)
Q2. Define metamorphosis? What are the different types of metamorphosis found in insect? How
does it differ from growth? (2+6+2)
Ans :
Definition :
Whenever the development of an embryo into adult takes place through a series of successive
transitional, morphologically alike or variable forms, such types of mode of post-embryonic
development is called metamorphosis. It is in other words, the process of indirect development of an
embryo into adult.
Different types of metamorphosis
Depending upon the degree of changes, three different types of metamorphosis is recognized which
are given below :-
(a) Ametamorphosis :
It is also known as no metamorphosis. It is common in some primitive Apterygote insect in which
there is no change or very little change takes place. The young/ immature insect looks similar to
their adult insect except in body size and shape and sexual maturity. The only polyembryonic
development takes place in instars of several abdomen segments. Eg. Starfish
(b) Hemimetamorphsis :
It is the kind of incomplete metamorphosis. In some insect the incomplete metamorphosis takes
place through partial or gradual metamorphosis, during which the immature nymphs become the
imago by development of external wing-buds into perfect wings and thus showing the exopterygote
condition. There are two different kinds of hemimetamorphosis which are as follows –
(i) Paleometabolous – In this type of metamorphosis, the young immature insect (nymph)
differ from their adult paleogenetically. Eg. Protura.
(ii) Heterometabolous – In this type of metamorphosis, the nymph differ from their adult
coneogenetically. Eg. Odonta.
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(c) Holometamorphosis :
In this type of metamorphosis, a complete or indirect metamorphosis can be seen. The larva quits
the egg at very early stage of morphological development. The wings develop as bud which are
internal. Eg. Lepidoptera.
Difference from growth
Metamorphosis is differing from the growth of insect because growth involves both embryonic and
post-embryonic development, while the metamorphosis involves only post-embryonic development.
In case of metamorphosis, the shape of every stage (larva, pupa and adult) is different from each
other while in growth no major difference can be seen except shape and size.
Q3. Write short notes on – (5+5)
(a) Different types of insect antennae.
The insect head is characterized by possessing a single pair of antennae. The antennaes are the
homologous with the antennules of the crustaceans. The antennae are segmented and mobile paired
structure. They are basically fixed into the deep antennal socket.
The antennae are known to be present in Protura and also in larvae of most Hymentoptera.
Types of antennae :
There are thirteen types of antennae which are as follows
(a) Setaceous Antennae
The flagellum looks like a bristle due to gradual reduction in the size of the segment. Eg. Odonta.
(b) Filiform Antennae
The flagellum appears as a thread like structure made up of uniformly thin segments. Eg. Blatidae.
(c) Moniliform Antennae
The flagellum is composed of the globose-shaped segment, providing a necklace-like appreance to
the entire antennae. Eg. Termites.
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(d) Serrate Antennae
The flagellum consists of triangular segment with eccentric arrangement leaving free ends of the
segments . Eg. Elatridae.
(e) Pectinate Antennae
The flagellum is extended on only one side and look like a comb. Eg. Bombycoidea.
(f) Clavate Antennae
The successive segments of the flagellum become a club-shaped form. Eg. Some Lepidoptera.
(g) Capitate Antennae
The proximal segments of the flagellum are uniform sized while the distal segments modify into a
large knob. Eg. Nutidulidae.
(h) Lamellate Antennae
The terminal segments of the flagellum modify into the leaf-like broad plates. Eg. Melolontha.
(i) Geniculate Antennae
The antennae are bent completely from the scape-pedicel joint. Eg. Chalcidoidea.
(j) Plumose Antennae
The flagellum is composed of large number of cylindrical segments and the segments are provided
with long hairs on either side. Eg. Male mosquito.
(k) Pilose Antennae
The flagellum looks like a flexible hair. Eg. Female mosquito.
(l) Aristate Antennae
The flagellum is undivided but the second segment is situated at the different angle on the first
segment.
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(m) Stylate Antennae
The segmented antennae and third segment divides repeatedly and thus it becomes falsely multi-