1 Stress Management and Biofeedback Stress Management and Biofeedback Workshop Workshop Electro Electro-dermal Activity (EDA) Physiology dermal Activity (EDA) Physiology By: Dr. Ernesto Sh. Korenman, July/ By: Dr. Ernesto Sh. Korenman, July/2008 2008 Dr. Ernesto Sh. Korenman, 2008 2 Sweat Gland Physiology Sweat Gland Physiology Dr. Ernesto Sh. Korenman, 2008 3 Skin Skin Outermost Layer: Epidermis Outermost Layer: Epidermis Middle Layer: Dermis Middle Layer: Dermis Deepest Layer: Hypodermis Deepest Layer: Hypodermis Neural innervations Neural innervations Blood Vessels Blood Vessels Sweat Gland Sweat Gland Dr. Ernesto Sh. Korenman, 2008 4 Sweat Sweat Glands Glands • Glands secrete Glands secrete 99 99 % water with % water with dissolved salts, traces of ammonia, dissolved salts, traces of ammonia, and other metabolic by and other metabolic by-products. products. • Can collectively produce up to Can collectively produce up to 7-8 8 liters a day. liters a day. • Humans contain about Humans contain about 2.5 5 million million sweat glands in our body. sweat glands in our body. Dr. Ernesto Sh. Korenman, 2008 5 • One type of sweat gland occurs in the palms, One type of sweat gland occurs in the palms, soles, forehead, and armpits soles, forehead, and armpits › Control body temperature Control body temperature › Function in cold sweats = responses made Function in cold sweats = responses made when you are frightened, nervous or when you are frightened, nervous or embarrassed embarrassed • Other sweat glands occur on other body Other sweat glands occur on other body surfaces surfaces Sweat Glands: types Sweat Glands: types Dr. Ernesto Sh. Korenman, 2008 6 Control of Eccrine Sweat Glands Control of Eccrine Sweat Glands • Activation is controlled directly by the Activation is controlled directly by the Sympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous Sympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System System • Paradoxically receive primarily sympathetic Paradoxically receive primarily sympathetic cholinergic fibers (Acetylcholine releasing) cholinergic fibers (Acetylcholine releasing)
Dr. Ernesto Korenman's presentation about Electro dermal activity biofeedback
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Stress Management and Biofeedback Stress Management and Biofeedback
Sweat Sweat GlandsGlands•• Glands secrete Glands secrete 99 99 % water with % water with
dissolved salts, traces of ammonia, dissolved salts, traces of ammonia, and other metabolic byand other metabolic by--products.products.
•• Can collectively produce up to Can collectively produce up to 77--8 8 liters a day.liters a day.
•• Humans contain about Humans contain about 22..5 5 million million sweat glands in our body.sweat glands in our body.
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•• One type of sweat gland occurs in the palms, One type of sweat gland occurs in the palms, soles, forehead, and armpitssoles, forehead, and armpits
›› Control body temperatureControl body temperature
›› Function in cold sweats = responses made Function in cold sweats = responses made when you are frightened, nervous or when you are frightened, nervous or embarrassedembarrassed
•• Other sweat glands occur on other body Other sweat glands occur on other body surfacessurfaces
Sweat Glands: typesSweat Glands: types
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Control of Eccrine Sweat GlandsControl of Eccrine Sweat Glands
•• Activation is controlled directly by the Activation is controlled directly by the Sympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous Sympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System System
What is skin conductance?What is skin conductance?
•• Resistance RResistance R==V/ I (Ohms)V/ I (Ohms)
•• Conductance C Conductance C == 11/ R / R (mho or Siemens)(mho or Siemens)Voltage (V)Voltage (V)
Current (I)Current (I)
BatteryBattery
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Sweat gland and skin conductanceSweat gland and skin conductance
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Sweat and EDASweat and EDA
•• Phasic skin conduction response (greater conductance) occurs due to filling Phasic skin conduction response (greater conductance) occurs due to filling of the sweat ducts in the epidermis and the constant expulsion of fluids from of the sweat ducts in the epidermis and the constant expulsion of fluids from the sweat poresthe sweat pores
•• Recovery to tonic levels of skin conductance is attributed to deposition of Recovery to tonic levels of skin conductance is attributed to deposition of
moisture on the skin or remoisture on the skin or re--absorption of fluids by the sweat glandsabsorption of fluids by the sweat glands
•• Amount of sweat delivered to the ducts and number of sweat glands that Amount of sweat delivered to the ducts and number of sweat glands that are activated influence the amplitude of the conductance response are activated influence the amplitude of the conductance response
•• Glands on the palmar and plantar surface have been recognized as Glands on the palmar and plantar surface have been recognized as responding to emotional stimuli, with the remainder responding to thermal responding to emotional stimuli, with the remainder responding to thermal
changeschanges
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Skin conductance/resistance unitsSkin conductance/resistance units
•• Skin becomes a better Skin becomes a better conductor of electricity conductor of electricity when external stimuli when external stimuli are presented are presented
Stimulus
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Quantification of EDA response (EDR)Quantification of EDA response (EDR)
-- LatencyLatency
-- AmplitudeAmplitude
--RecoveryRecovery
4
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SCL graphSCL graph
Cumulated Cumulated stimulistimuli
Recovery Recovery after stimuliafter stimuli
RelaxingRelaxing
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Types of real SCL graphTypes of real SCL graph
SteadySteady LabileLabile
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Specific (Sp) vs. nonSpecific (Sp) vs. non--specific responsespecific response