AQUATIC WEED AQUATIC WEED CONTROL CONTROL
Dec 16, 2015
PondsPonds
Two kinds of pondsTwo kinds of pondsOnes that have weedsOnes that have weedsOnes that will have weedsOnes that will have weeds
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDSAlgaeAlgae Photosynthesizing plantPhotosynthesizing plant
No roots, leaves, or flowersNo roots, leaves, or flowers
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDSAlgaeAlgae Microscopic algaeMicroscopic algae: turns water green: turns water green
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS
AlgaeAlgae FilamentousFilamentous: strands attach to rocks or : strands attach to rocks or
float in matsfloat in mats
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS
AlgaeAlgae CharaChara: resemble flowering plant: resemble flowering plant
Can be toxic to fishCan be toxic to fish
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants SubmersedSubmersed
Rooted plants that don't reach the surfaceRooted plants that don't reach the surface
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Free-floatingFree-floating
Floating plant that has dangling unattached Floating plant that has dangling unattached rootsroots
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Free-floatingFree-floating
Water LettuceWater Lettuce
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Free-floatingFree-floating
Water HyacinthWater Hyacinth
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Free-floatingFree-floating
Water HyacinthWater Hyacinth
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Free-floatingFree-floating
DuckweedDuckweed
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Rooted-floatingRooted-floating
Crested Floating HeartCrested Floating Heart
AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants EmergentEmergent
Rooted and emerging above water surfaceRooted and emerging above water surface
AQUATIC WEED GROWTHAQUATIC WEED GROWTH
LIGHTLIGHT Photic zonePhotic zone is the water with enough light is the water with enough light
to support growthto support growth Bottom of photic zone is 1% of full sunlightBottom of photic zone is 1% of full sunlight Silt water = 3"Silt water = 3" Clear water as deep as 300'Clear water as deep as 300'
AQUATIC WEED GROWTHAQUATIC WEED GROWTH
NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTSNitrogen and phosphorusNitrogen and phosphorus PhosphorusPhosphorus is the limiting nutrient is the limiting nutrient
Most important to free-floating plantsMost important to free-floating plants P pollution can cause algal blooms P pollution can cause algal blooms RunoffRunoff is major contributor is major contributor
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
Nutrient controlNutrient control Buffer vegetation on shoreBuffer vegetation on shore
Unmowed stripUnmowed strip
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
Nutrient controlNutrient control Buffer vegetation on shoreBuffer vegetation on shore
Wetland plantsWetland plants
ShorelineShoreline
Vegetate shorelineVegetate shoreline Wetland plantsWetland plants
• Wetland carpetWetland carpet
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
Nutrient controlNutrient control Floating wetlandFloating wetland
Dangling roots support microbes (biofilm)Dangling roots support microbes (biofilm) Absorb nutrientsAbsorb nutrients
ShorelineShoreline
Riprap shorelineRiprap shoreline Stones control emergent weedsStones control emergent weeds
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
MechanicalMechanical Weed cutters Weed cutters
that remove that remove weedsweeds
SlowSlow 2 acres/day2 acres/day
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
DrawdownDrawdown Solidify floating nutrientsSolidify floating nutrients Kill submersed weedsKill submersed weeds
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
Non-toxic blue dyesNon-toxic blue dyes Blocks light below 2'Blocks light below 2'
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
BiologicalBiological Alligatorweed Flea BeetleAlligatorweed Flea Beetle
Release controlled alligatorweed where flea Release controlled alligatorweed where flea beetle can overwinterbeetle can overwinter
Water HyacinthWater Hyacinth Mites, weevils and fungus releasedMites, weevils and fungus released Limited successLimited success
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
AerationAeration Fountains and turbinesFountains and turbines
Aerobic conditions support Aerobic conditions support microbes and fishmicrobes and fish
Reduce algae?Reduce algae?
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
Grass carpGrass carp Triploid (sterile)Triploid (sterile) Consume massive amounts of algae and Consume massive amounts of algae and
weedsweeds Live 10 yearsLive 10 years
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
Tilapia Tilapia Feed on algaeFeed on algaeHarvest to eatHarvest to eat
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
Barley balesBarley bales Releases natural chemicalReleases natural chemical Green water onlyGreen water only
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
UV FilterUV FilterWater passes by UV Water passes by UV bulbbulbControls algae onlyControls algae onlyAlgal cells clump Algal cells clump together or dietogether or die
AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL
ChemicalsChemicals Some that are labeled for aquatic useSome that are labeled for aquatic use Consult labelConsult label Liquid, granule or pellet formulationLiquid, granule or pellet formulation
Sinker adjuvantSinker adjuvant
AQUATIC HERBICIDESAQUATIC HERBICIDES
Copper SulfateCopper Sulfate (Cutrine) (Cutrine) Controls algae in drinking water suppliesControls algae in drinking water supplies Alkaline water (high carbonates) Alkaline water (high carbonates)
precipitate out copperprecipitate out copper Copper ChelatesCopper Chelates more stable in alkaline water more stable in alkaline water
AQUATIC HEBRICIDESAQUATIC HEBRICIDES
Emerged or floating weedsEmerged or floating weeds Diquat (Reward)Diquat (Reward)
Less effective in muddy waterLess effective in muddy water 2,4-D (Aquacide)2,4-D (Aquacide) Glyphosate (Rodeo)Glyphosate (Rodeo)
AQUATIC HEBRICIDESAQUATIC HEBRICIDES
HERBICIDE APPLICATIONSHERBICIDE APPLICATIONS Start control early to avoid oxygen Start control early to avoid oxygen
depletiondepletion Repeat other half after 2 weeksRepeat other half after 2 weeks
Fish KillFish Kill
MO decomposing plant MO decomposing plant material utilizes oxygenmaterial utilizes oxygen
Heavy weed or algae kill can Heavy weed or algae kill can deplete oxygen from water and deplete oxygen from water and kill fishkill fish
Control only 1/2 of areaControl only 1/2 of area High temperatures have less High temperatures have less
oxygenoxygen More susceptible to fish killMore susceptible to fish kill
AQUATIC HEBRICIDESAQUATIC HEBRICIDES
Volume needed for algae and free floating Volume needed for algae and free floating weedsweeds
Acre-feet = surface area (acres) X average Acre-feet = surface area (acres) X average depthdepth
Average depthAverage depth Half of maximum depthHalf of maximum depth
OROR Average of several measurementsAverage of several measurements
KiawahKiawah
Bivalves (clams) filtering capacities Attaching to grid to floating wetlands, sinking
them Herbicide Bioaugmentation Tilapia and Grass Carp
Cost about $19/A annually