Aquaculture Dialogues, small-scale farmer engagement & market-led mechanisms towards sustainability Flavio Corsin SEAT Inception Meeting
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Aquaculture Dialogues, small-scale farmer
engagement &market-led mechanisms towards sustainability
Flavio Corsin
SEAT Inception Meeting
WWF’s Global Reach
Africa
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African
Republic
Côte d'Ivoire
DR Congo
Ethiopia
Gabon
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritania
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Rwanda
Senegal
South Africa
Tanzania
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Latin America/
Caribbean
Argentina
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Ecuador
French Guiana
Guatemala
Guyana
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Venezuela
North America
Arctic
Canada
United States
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
UK
Ukraine
Asia
Armenia
Bhutan
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
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Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Malaysia
Mongolia
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Russia
Singapore
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkey
Turkmenistan
United Arab
Emirates
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Oceania
Cook Islands
Fiji Islands
New Zealand
Papua New
Guinea
Solomon
Islands
Why does WWF care about aquaculture?
Increasing demand for fisheries products (by 2030 we will need an additional 40 mil t)
Capture fisheries declining
Aquaculture can be the solution, if done in a responsible way
4
But aquaculture has impacts
Habitat conversion Waste/pollution
Fish Health Antibiotic & chemicals
Use fish resources Social & labor
……….
5
Solution
Standards for certifying aquaculture production
6
WWF has expertise to create standards
Rainforest Marketing – 1980s
Forest Stewardship Council – 1990s
Marine Stewardship Council – 1990s
Marine Aquarium Council – 1990s
Protected Harvest – 2000
Climate Savers - 2000s
New Program for IT Industry – 2007
Aquaculture Dialogues – 2000s
Work on the point of greatest leverage
Engage with top players
The Aquaculture Dialogues
Eight roundtables that include
more than 2,000 people working
to create standards for twelvespecies groups in the next year
•Pangasius
•Shrimp
•Tilapia
•Salmon
•Trout
•Seriola/Cobia
•Bivalves
•Abalone
The Big 3 in aquaculture certification
Aquaculture DialoguesAquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)
Global Aquaculture Alliance
GLOBALGAP
74%
18%
8%
111111
Process
Global initiative
Multi-stakeholder
Open and inclusive
Transparent
Based on sound science
Measurable standards
Consensus-based
ISEAL member
12
Objectives of the Dialogues
Develop environmental and social performance-based standards
Measurably reduce the critical impacts of aquaculture
Help strengthen the economic viability of aquaculture
9
Focus on environmental and social issues
Food Safety
Environment
Economics
Social issues
14
Lead to a performance shrift in the whole industry
Performance Curve
Regulation
Performance
Shift
Best
Performance
Best
Performance
Performance
Shift
Pangasius Aquaculture Dialogue
PAD will help transform aquaculture
Objective: develop standards for pangasiusproduction (environmental & social)
All production systems: ponds, cages, pens
2 species: Pangasianodon hypophthalmus & Pangasius bocourti (later maybe more)
Started in Sept 2007
17
But aquaculture has impacts
Habitat conversion Waste/pollution
Fish Health Antibiotic & chemicals
Use fish resources Social & labor
……….
18
Addressing impacts
Habitat conversion Waste/pollution
Only agri land… % change limits…
Fish Health Antibiotic & chemicals
Max % mortality… No critical AB (humans)
Use fish resources Social & labor
Fish in - fish out… ILO and more…
……….
Farmers & academia key players
Stakeholders develop standards
Process Facilitation Group
7 Technical Working Groups
Participants at previous Dialogue meetings (4 to date)
Public Comments
1st: 143 people; 100 pages of comments!
2nd: ongoing
>400 people actively involved in the process
A hundred of small-scale farmers from VN and Bangladesh
PAD standards finalised in March 2010!
Shrimp Aquaculture Dialogue
Consortium provides the foundation
1999: WWF joined FAO, NACA & WB (then UNEP) in the Consortium Program on Shrimp Farming & the Environment
40 case studies by 120 researchers
140 meetings with a total of 8,000 people
Developed “International Principles for Responsible Shrimp Farming”
The consortium identified key impacts
Conversion of natural ecosystems, particularly mangroves
Salt water seeping into groundwater and onto farmland
Depletion of pelagic fish for shrimp feed
Pollution of coastal waters due to pond effluents
Biodiversity issues arising from collection of wild brood and seed
Outbreak of diseases
Social conflicts
23
The consortium developed principles
Principle 1: Farm sitting
Principle 2: Design and construction
Principle 3: Water use
Principle 4: Broodstock and post larvae
Principle 5: Feed management
Principle 6: Health management
Principle 7: Food safety
Principle 8: Social responsibility
24
ShAD is approaching final stage
Builds on the Principles: develop standards
Started in 2007
150 entities (NGOs, producers, academia, etc.)
Global Steering Committee & 3 regional SC
Held 5 dialogue meetings worldwide : Madagascar (x2), Belize, Ecuador, Thailand
First public period comment expected to start Feb/Mar 2010
Next Dialogue meeting expected in Jakarta in March 2010
25
ShAD standards finalised within 2010
Small scale farmers are actively engaged
Thailand & India
In partnership with NACA, NaCSA & retailer
Input collected from producers
Draft standards field tested before and during public comments
Vietnam
Coordinated by WWF
Promote BMPs & farmer groups
Collect data/input from producers
New WWF Denmark project (2009-2011)
Field test standards before & during public comments
Develop traceability
Market products (importer/retailer involvement)
26
Addressing off-farm social impacts
Work with World Fish Center/Mike Phillips to draft off-farm social standards to be proposed to ShAD GSC (and other AD)
Focus: small-scale, agriculture farmers, local authorities, gender
First results available soon
Plan to conduct PRA of directly impacted stakeholders (same as for Pangasius Aquaculture Dialogue)
27
Tilapia Aquaculture Dialogue
Standards completed &
available for certification!
The Future of the Dialogues
30
Aquaculture Dialogue Standards - Timeline
Pangasius ……………... March 2010
Bivalves……………….… Q2 2010
Abalone ………………… Q2 2010
Shrimp …………………. Q3 2010
Salmon …………………. Q3 2010
Freshwater trout ………. Q3 2010
There will be regular standard revisions (TAD
etc.)
Aquaculture Stewardship Council
The ASC will own the Aquaculture Dialogue standards & work with
independent and accredited certification bodies to certify farms that adopt the Dialogue standards
Expected by 2011
ASC standard implementation
Support from several organisations
GTZ/IDH/Anova PPP program on pangasius
IDH support to shrimp and tilapia
Key retailers/buyers request compliance by suppliers
Several WWF projects
New dialogues?
Feed dialogue?
Other species?
Macrobrachium
Barramundi
Seabass/seabream
Cod
African catfish
Groupers
Market-driven efforts towards sustainability
Better Management Practices & sustainability
BMP are practices that target:
Environment protection
Improved shrimp health/production
Improved food safety
Socio-economic sustainability
Designed primarily for small-scale farmers, although possible for any scale
Reduced disease risk is the main incentive
Several successful projects
BMP to respond to market demands?
Drugs
Chemicals
Safety
Shrimp
Health
EarningsSocio-economics
investment
Environment
Yield
Biomass
Should I buy
these
shrimp?
Buyers demands are diverse
Also others (niche): e.g. organic, fairtrade
Phased in approach: BMP to ShAD
Food safety
Bilateral/CODEX
Own requirements
GLOBALGAP
GAA
GFSI
Sustainability
ShAD/ASC/guides
GLOBALGAP
GAA
Own requirements
Nothing
Dominate the sector, especially in Asia
Challenges
Limited awareness (sustainability?)
Limited capacity (financial, technical..)
Complexities in legality (eg follow plans…)
Poor infrastructures
Limited access to market info (what is the market?)
Limited access to services
Complex supply chain/limited traceability
Seldom organised into groups/coops…
Small-holders face challenges to comply with demands
Capacity building: BMP – standards - BMP
Farmer groups the only way: need legal status
BMP/groups help: access to services, credit…
Assistance for market access
Small-holders needs
Examples
Shrimp - India & Thailand - Export
BMP producers in India & Thailand
NaCSA/NACA/WWF…
UK & US market (Sysco own brand)
UK: ultimate goal ShAD/ASC
US: stepping stone to other scheme? Own requirements only?
Shrimp - Vietnam – Export
Danish supermarkets demand
WWF Denmark/VietNam
Nordic Seafood (importer)
Build on BMP/Farmer group efforts:
SocTrang: MRC/RIA2, WWF etc…
CaMau: WWF
Ultimate goal: ShAD/ASC
Shrimp - Vietnam – Domestic?
FAO (IMOLA) project: TT Hue province
Build on BMP/Farmer group efforts
Study/improve supply chain
Proximity to Metro supermarket
Rural development
Domestic vs export market
Explore also other local supermarkets & export
Shrimp - Vietnam - Domestic
Partnership Government/NGO/private
Build on BMP/Farmer group efforts
Showroom established to promote farmer group products in HaNoi
Pangasius – Vietnam - Export
Pangasius, but looking also at shrimp
Anova (buyer): 50%
GTZ/IDH: 50%
Single supply chain: no competition
Support to ASC/GLOBALGAP
Objective: be the 1st !
…Also other efforts for export market: RIA2, Belgium etc…
Contributing to SEAT
Access to a global network (producers, buyers/trader, retailers, consumers, governments, NGOs)
Experiences in identification of sustainability issues & aquaculture certification. Multistakeholder approach!
Experiences in standard development (Macrobrachium dialogue?)
Experiences in implementation of BMP/certification among farmers (including small-scale) & supply chain
Opportunity to influence ISEAL mechanism/requirements
Opportunity to influence development of standards and of the ASC certification scheme: bring the EAFI to life?
Thank you
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