Aprisa SR/SR+ for North America 21 st Century SCADA radio
Dec 19, 2015
2 © 2014 4RF Limited | Public
Aprisa SR+ radio – 21st Century SCADA
SCADA radio is a widely deployed traditional solution with a strong heritage
Point to multipoint operation, typically with directional antennas at remote sites
Licensed narrowband options
• VHF – long range 135 to 174 MHz
• 220 and 450 MHz – convenient antennas sizes
• 900 MHz – compact antenna sizes – Part 90, Part 24 and Part 101 (including MAS)
Licenses available – FCC, the secondary market and resellers of auction spectrum
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Aprisa SR+
SCADA radio re-invented – delivering a new standard of speed and security to meet tough critical infrastructure requirements
More capacity needed to meet growing IP bandwidth demands
• New SCADA protocols
• Demand for better security
• Penetration of network management
Unbeatable performance
Highest capacity
Long range
Efficient channel usage
Hot swappable master
Full SNMP NMS integration
Secure
Advance IP feature set
4RF reliability
Easy installation and maintenance
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The advantages of traditional radio combined with high speed
Bands VHF, UHF, and 900 MHz
Bandwidths 12.5 kHz, 25 kHz, and 50 kHz
Speeds of 54 kbit/s to more than 216 kbit/s
220 MHz Part 90 and 900 MHz Parts 24 / 101 offer high speed 50 kHz options
0.3 1.2 2.4 4.8 9.6 19.2 38.4 40 60 54 72 96 144 216 kbit/s
Old modem style
Recent digital radios
Aprisa SR+ QAM radios
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The Aprisa SR+ design advantage – breakthrough capacity
The Aprisa SR+ point-to-multipoint SCADA radio network
• Deliver more user traffic with maximum reliability and robustness over narrow
band channels than any other product
Can only be achieved through a combination of
• High order efficient modulation schemes – QPSK to 64 QAM
• Superior, low noise and extremely linear RF design – required to enable high order
QAM modulation, and provide real world coverage, and performance
• Efficient sharing of the channel, particularly when considering asynchronous ‘report
by exception’ protocols, drives radio media access control (MAC) architecture
+ +
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Aprisa SR+ more capacity in the real world
Conventional radios use industry standard 4 level CPFSK modulation
• Robust but inefficient – using half the available spectrum
The Aprisa SR+ uses QAM modulation and efficient FEC coding options to offer more
complete use of spectrum while meeting tough regulatory ACP requirements
• Greater than five times the raw throughput based on a powerful hardware platform
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The ability to provide adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) is a key new feature
• Enables maximum use of channel, with high speed for near remotes and robust
connectivity for distance remotes
• Allows reduced operational fade margins – plan with standard fade margin for
robust QPSK but enjoy operational time at high capacity 64 QAM
• Maintains link operation during fading, multipath, and interference scenarios
Downlink messages (broadcast) set to most effective modulation rate for network
Uplink from remotes has modulation and FEC automatically
adjusted based on performance of last packet
• ACM currently implementation from remote
to base station (poll response and exceptions)
• ACM in both directions is under study
ACM – another step to make best use of the channel
Hill
Base Station
QPSK
16 QAM
64 QAM16 QAMQPSK
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Real world coverage with ACM
System Gain 133 dB8 CPFSK – 19.2 kbit/s 64 QAM – 54 kbit/s 3 times capacity
System Gain 152 dBQPSK – 18 kbit/s 7 times the coverage
Note same range as 4CPFSK – 9.6 kbit/s
For the same capacity the range increase results in significant extra coverage!For the same coverage Aprisa SR+ has more than 3 times the RF capacity
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FSK SR+ QPSK SR+ 64 QAM0
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25 kHz MODBUS (average number of polls per 30 seconds)Full details available on request
Real world performance – Modbus with Honeywell RC500 RTUs
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Protected Master Station
The only fully monitored hot standby, hot swappable, redundant SCADA master solution in
the market, it can be used as a master or for protection of high value remotes
• Full hot standby operation: guarantees readiness of the standby radio, removes
initialization delays, minimizes switchover time, ensures standby configuration is kept
updated, and removes risk of standby hardware failure at time of switch
• Fully monitored: full monitoring of the standby radio particularly the critical RF
circuitry, actively monitors the standby transmitter and receiver
• Hot swappable: two standard Aprisa SR+ radios are mounted on a pull-out tray
enabling radio replacement without a power down or interruption to user traffic
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Network monitoring using web-based SuperVisor GUI
Enables monitoring of entire network from master
Operators can monitor and view network health and investigate issues
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Security must be designed in from the start
A secure network must be designed around maintaining confidentiality and
authenticating devices, users, and messages
Encryption is used to reduce information leakage as far as possible
• Today the robust cryptographic AES algorithm is used (to FIPS 140-2)
• Industry best practice is regular key change (over the air)
Authentication of devices and messages
• Prevents replay and man-in-the-middle attacks
• Implemented using AES combined with the NIST specified CBC MAC method of
authentication (refer NIST report SP 800-38C 2004 and RFC 3610)
Authentication of users (management)
• Username / password with access control lists
• Move to remote user authentication (RADIUS)
• Audit user activity
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Marketing leading IP features
Header compression
Traffic management
Layer 2 and Layer 3
• The Aprisa SR+ in Bridge mode of operation is a standard Ethernet Bridge based on IEEE 802.1d or VLAN
Bridge based on IEEE 802.1q/p which forward / switch Ethernet packet based on standard MAC addresses and
VLANs using FDB (forwarding database) table decisions
Semi-automatic router operation, Micro-firewall, SNMP
VLAN
• The Aprisa SR+ supports single VLAN (cVLAN), double VLAN (sVLAN), and trunk VLAN
• A single VLAN can be used to segregate traffic type
• A double VLAN can be used to distinguish between Aprisa SR+ sub-networks (base-repeater-remote), where
the outer SVLAN is used to identify the sub-network and the CVLAN is used to identify the traffic type
• Trunk VLAN is also supported by the Aprisa SR+ where the user can configure multiple VLANs on a specific
Ethernet port, creating a trunk VLAN port
QoS
• 3 bits (PCP field) in the VLAN tag allows prioritization of VLAN tagged traffic types
• 8 levels of priority
• QoS supported where the priority bits in the VLAN tagged frame are mapped to four priority levels and
four queues supported by the Aprisa SR+ radio
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Key evaluation criteria for private SCADA radio networks
Key Requirements
Physical size (master and remote) Hot swappable master station
Full duplex capability Monitored hot standby master station
Throughput (12.5 kHz channel) SNMP version 3
Maximum RF power NMS integration
Receiver sensitivity Frequency agility across the sub-band
Latency (round trip) Penetration testing
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4RF Introduction
4RF specialises in designing and manufacturing high performance radio
equipment for critical infrastructure customers:
• Established in 1998: privately held, with 98% of product exported
• World class research and development team in New Zealand
producing market-leading RF technology
• We develop our products through close and frequent contact with
our Tier 1 customers such as Motorola, EDF, and Iberdrola
• Leading New Zealand technology exporter with major Government
support – embassies, trade and enterprise and R&D funding
• We win business because of superior product performance (usually
proved through comprehensive competitive field trials) and superior
customer service
• Backed by leading technology investor Fortissimo Capital – 4RF has
increased R&D by more than 50% to accelerate its product roadmap
• Subsidiaries in Australia, Europe, and now the US
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Blue chip customers in over 130 countries
• Electricité de France and the largest utilities in Germany, Ireland, Philippines, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, and the USA
• The United Nations as well as the Australian, British, Indian, and Swedish militaries
• RCMP, NSW Police, and many other police, fire, ambulance and civil defence organisations and governments worldwide
• British Telecom and the largest telcos in Brazil, Canada, The Netherlands, Namibia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mozambique and Thailand
• Shell, Chevron, Exxon Mobil, Total, ENI and the national oil companies of Austria, Angola,
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Iraq, Malaysia, South Africa, Venezuela, and Vietnam
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North America – customer credentials
Utilities Natural Resources & Transport Public Safety
Big Rivers Electric BNSF Rail Bureau of Land Management
Black Hills Power Canadian National Rail City of Clifton, NJ
Bonneville Power Chevron Maui Police, HI
Dairyland Power Enbridge Energy Province of Alberta (Canada)
First Energy Exxon Mobil Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Idaho Power Inmarsat / Stratos State of California
Hydro One (Canada) Kansas City Southern Rail State of Florida
NorthWestern Energy Pembina Pipeline State of Maine
PacifiCorp Shell State of Oregon
PG&E FortisBC Energy (Terasen Gas) State of Tennessee
PNM Resources TransCanada Pipeline US Department of the Interior
Vectren Energy Union Pacific US Forestry Service
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Product families
• Point-to-point radio, leading product in the market
• Key advantages: performance, range, reduced infrastructure, ease of use and reliability
• Deployed in over 130 countries
• Point-to-multipoint SCADA radio
• Available in 135-175 and 400-470 MHz frequency bands
• New SR now available in 900MHz; 200MHz available in Mar-15
• Breakthrough higher speed high-end version of Aprisa SR for data-intensive applications, SNMP, extensive IP features
• 220, 450, and 900 MHz for Parts 24, 90, and 101
• First production shipments to Europe in November 2013
• Part 90 waiver March 2014, FCC and IC certification and first North American shipments April 2014
• New point-to-point radio for public safety and SCADA backhaul
• First shipments to customers in Europe in May 2014