Chemistry
Don’t Forget
This Friday 4/30 – Final day to submit your Wild 5K participation for Portfolio
Star/Renaissance Test – Make sure to sign up with your homeroom teacher
May 14th – Temporary Zero if you have not completed Sem B Check In Call
June 15th – Deadline for reworks, missing labs/portfolios
June 17th – Last day for all course work
June 18th – Enjoy your Suuuummmmeeerrrrr!!!
Sig Fig Check Up
25.891 -12.2 = ?
=13.691
add/subtract rule – sig figs until least precise decimal place
one place past decimal
= 13.7
10.02 / 2.59
=3.8687
10.02 = 4 sig figs
2.59 = 3 sig figs
solution can only have 3 sig figs
= 3.87
O Chem Adventures Begin
Don’t Panic
I don’t make you memorize
Take detailed notes and work through problems slowly and methodically!
Hydrocarbons are base of majority of organic matter
Hydrocarbon – molecule made entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms
Organic compound – molecules that contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to other carbon atoms, and commonly hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms
Carbon Behavior
Carbon has how many valence electrons?
It likes to form four covalent bonds with other atoms
You will have to think all the way back to Lewis structures
What happens when Carbon bonds with Oxygen and Hydrogen?
C and O are larger and therefore will almost always be central atoms
Double bond will form because it is best way to make all atoms have full octet
Hydrogen fills in the gaps
Skeletal Formulas
Every point on chain is a C (carbon atom)
Every C on the end has 3H bonded to it
Every C in chain has 2H bonded to it
Count the number of C and H in this compound:
Don’t forget Triple Bonds are Linear
Because the electrons are shared the between 6 electrons it is very strong and keeps structure linear
Alkyl Group – The Substituents
Alkyl group is formed by removing one hydrogen from the alkane chain
This allows for additional bonds with other atoms
Naming Rules for Hydrocarbons
SubstituentName
Atoms in bond Structural Formula Skeletal Formula Representation
Methyl -CH3 1 line
Ethyl -CH2-CH3 2 lines
Propyl -CH2-CH2-CH3 3 lines
name = 2-methylpentane
name = 2-ethylbutane
name = 4-propylheptane
Find longest Carbon Chain – number carbons in chain
◦ Count always starts with side that will have smaller number connected to substituent
Determine if carbon chain is : ane, ene, or ayne by the type of C-C bonds
Determine the name of the attached group called substituent
◦ If more than one of same group apply di or tri with substituent name
Put number and names in alphabetical order or substituents (ie ethyl goes first!)