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Standard MICE/MEGS/MELT-SCENARIO PlasmaOutputs Interface

W. W. WhiteMission Research CorporationP.O. Box 7957Nashua, NH 03060

May 1990

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3 ABSTRACT (Maximu~m 200 words)

Version 1.031 of the standard output format for plasma quantities from theMICE, MEGS, MELT, and SCENARIO codes is documented. This format defines thearrangement and file structure used to convey quantitative information fromnumerical simulations of atmospheric effects generated by high-altitudenuclear explosions.

14 SUJECTERMS15 NUMBER OF PAGES

MICE SCENARIO HANE 38MELT Nuclear Explosion High Altitude 16 PRICECODE

MEGS Multiburst17 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19 SFCURITY CLASSIFICATION 20 JMITATION OF

OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT ABSTRACT

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SUMMARY

This technical note outlines the MICE/MEGS/MELT - SCENARIOPlasma Outputs Interface specification, Version 1.031.

High-altitude nuclear phenomenology codes at the first-principles level (MICE/MEGS/MELT codes) and at the engineering-level(SCENARIO multiburst code) generate computer files which contain avariety of descriptors of the disturbed environment resulting from high-altitude nuclear detonations. Efficient and interchangeable use ofresults from thes- codes requires a common interface specification withsufficient generality to permit an end-user to accommodate basicdifferences between the codes and their outputs. This documentrepresents the latest version of the standard file format. Publicationcoincides with distribution of SCENARIO, Version 4.0, which utilizes thisInterface.

Accession For

1NTIS GPA&IDTIC TABUnannounced -Justification

ByDiqtribution/

AvatlabilltY Codes

iii andor

~Dist Spec1la

CONVERSION TABLE

Conversion Factors for U.S. Customary to metric (SI) unit of measurement

MULTIPLY BY TO GETTO GET BY DIVIDE

angstrom 1.000000x10'10 meters (in)atmosphere (normal) 1.01325 xI0*2 kilo pascal (kPa)bar 1.0O000Ox10+2 kilo pascal (kPa)barn 1.000000x10281 meter? (mnBritish Thermal Unit 1.054350410 + joule (J)calorie (thermochemical) 4.184000 joule (J) Zcal/cm2 (thermochemical) 4. 184000410z mega joule/n 2 (MJ/n 2curie 3.700000410 1 giga becquerel (GBq)degree (angle) 1.745329x 0 2 radian (rad)degree Farhenheit t K =(t +459.67)/1.8 degree kelvin (K)electron volt 1.021? X10-11 joule (3)erg 1.000000410 7 joule (J)erg/second 1.0000001 watt (W)foot 3.0480004x1 meter (in)foot-pound-force 1.355818 -3joule ( 3)gallon (U.S. liquid) 3.785412410 meter3 (mn3inch 2.540000410' meter (in)jerk 1.000000XIO0+1 joule (J)joule/kilogram (3/Kg)(radiation dose absorbed) 1.000000 Gray (Gy)kilotons 4.183 +3terajouleskip (1000 lbf) 4.448222x10l newton (N)kip/inch 2 (ksi) 6.894757xl 0+3 kilo pascal (kPa)ktap 1.000000X10+2 newton-s/n 2 (N-s/n 2micron 1.0000004106 meter (in)mil 2.540000410 meter (mn)mile (international) 1.609344410+3 meter (in)ounce 2.834952410_2 kilogram (Kg)pound- force(lbs aviordupois) 4.448222 newton (N)pound-force inch 1.12984841 newton-meter (N-rn)pound-force/inch 1.751268410 2 newton/meter (N/rn)pound-force/foot2 4.788026x102' kilo pascal (kPa)pound-force/inch2 (psi) 6.894575 kilo pascal (kPa)pound-mass(lbm avoirdupois) 4.535924x101' kilogram (kg)pound-mass-foot2(moment of inertia) 4.214011xl102 kilogram-meter2 (kg mn2)pound-mass/foot2 1.601846410 ,' kilogram/meter 3 (kg/rn2)r ad 1 00O1-(radiation dose absorbed) -4000x0 t Gray (Gy)roentgen 2 .579760x104 coulomb/kilogram (C/kg)shake I.000000X108 second (s)slug 1.459390410' kilogram (kg)torr (mm Hg, 0*C) 1.333222xl0' kilo pascal (kPa)

The bec~uerei (ac) is the S! unit of radioactivity; 1 3Q I event/sThe Gray is thie S1 unit of aosorced radiation.

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section

Summary....................................................ii

Conversion Table............................................. iv

1 Introduction................................................. 1

2 Interface Specification....................................... 3

2.1 Header Record ........................................... 42.2 Burst History Record..................................... 92.3 Grid Geometry Record .................................... 102.4 Ambient Atmosphere/Ionosphere Record...................... 112.5 Active/Inactive Environment Tube Record................... 122.6 Environment Tube Records................................. 132.7 Beta Flux Record (Optional) ............................... 20

3 List of References........................................... 21

Appendix

Glossary of Terms ............................................ 23

SECTION I

INTRODUCTION

This document describes a revised Standard Plasma OutputsInterface format which is common to the SCENARIO, MICE/MEGS/MELT familyof nuclear phenomenology codes sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency.The purpose of a standardized format is to enable easy transfer ofinformation between nuclear phenomenology codes and post-processor /end-user codes.

In this context, post-processor codes augment basicenvironmental descriptors produced by the original phenomenologysimulation, be it from SCENARIO or MICE/MELT. End-user codes typicallyuse basic and/or post-processor-augmented phenomenology outputs tocompute system performance parameters for operation in a nuclearenvironment.

For example, the PRPSIM post-processor code' directly usesnuclear phenomenology code outputs (e.g., SCENARIO or MICE/MELT results)to provide performance parameters associated with radio frequencycommunication links. An alternative operating mode directs basicphenomenology outputs (in Standard Format) to an intermediatepost-processor. The intermediate post-processor i) calculates additionalphenomenological quantities (e.g., structure descriptors such as outerscale, freezing scale, and spectral indices associated with a powerspectral density) and ii) writes in Standard Format the originaldescription of the burst-disturbed environment plus its additionalquantities. Because the Standard Format is preserved in the process,PRPSIM and other post-processor / end-user codes can read and process theaugmented file as well.

Although basic objectives of the Standard Plasma OutputsInterface had been accomplished by earlier versions of the format, recentsystems requirements for additional phenomenology information, coupledwith improved capabilities for predicting underlying nuclear bursteffects, have forced revision.

Older versions of the format made allowances for futureextension to include information about infrared environments from nuclearbursts. However, the infrared problem has proven sufficiently complexthat it is desirable to separate MHD/plasma descriptors (electrondensity, ion species densities, neutral species densities, velocities,etc.) from information about infrared environments. The word "plasma"has been inserted into the title of this interface specification toemphasize the separation. A parallel document describes the standardized

format for infrared information.2

In many areas, organization of the Interface has been preservedwithout change. To accommodate new approaches to plasma structuremodeling and extended descriptions of the power-spectral-density ofplasma irregularities, a variety of changes to the record structure ofthe Standard Plasma Outputs Interface have been made. Theserearrangements were motivated by DNA requirements plus a desire tominimize future changes as structure specifications become more refined.

To integrate new structure information into the Interface,structure parameters have been moved to a new location within theEnvironment Tube Records. (Note: terminology is summarized in theGlossary.) Environment Tube Records hold environmental descriptors(electron density, velocity, temperature, etc.) on a cell by cell basis.The new arrangement situates structure descriptors for ionized materialin a new set of (optional) cell quantities located immediately after the"usual" quantities in the Environment Tube Records. Structure quantitiesare optional since not all high-altitude simulations will generatestructure information. The presence or absence of these quantities isindicated by the value of the ISTRIR parameter in the Header Record. Thenumber of structure quantities per cell, NSTRQ, is also a new parameterin the Header Record.

Another change of note involves addition of neutral fluidvelocity information to the Environment Tube Records. This was done toprovide a basis for post-processing with structure modeling techniqueswhich use the differential velocity (slip velocity) between theion-electron plasma and the neutral fluid.

Users of this Interface should pay particular attention toordering and content of the revised Environment Tube Records. Revisionsdiscussed above have forced a number of significant changes. Each hasbeen flagged by an asterisk (*) in the margin. A few typographicalerrors from earlier versions of the Outputs Interface specification havealso been repaired.

2

SECTION 2

INTERFACE SPECIFICATION

Numerical outputs from MICE/MELT or SCENARIO phenomenologysimulations are generated at specific simulation times selected by theoperator of the code. Information written to the program's output fileis grouped into discrete clusters of records. Each cluster representsenvironmental conditions at a particular phase in the simulation. Forpurposes of discussion below, each cluster of records will be termed acode output block. In the phenomenology community, code output blocksare sometimes called "dumps" or "write-outs".

It is important to recognize that within an output file for asimulation, any code output block may differ in important ways from othercode output blocks (i.e., other simulation times). For example, changesto comp.utational grids might occur during a simulation, altering numbers,locations, and dimensions of computational cells. Changes of this sortcould be triggered by a need to alter grid resolution as the simulationevolves. Numerous other shifts of basic simulation parameters arepossible. The message: one cannot assume basic simulation parametersremain constant. The Header Record for each code output block shouldalways be read.

The sub-sections which follow detail the structure of anindividual block of code output. The sub-sections are organized toreflect the sequential record structure found in actual code output.FORTRAN syntax is used for mathematical expressions. FORTRAN namingconventions for distinguishing Real variables from Integers are followed.

3

2.1 HEADER RECORD.

Variable Description

IDENT Alphanumeric identification of simulation.(80 characters)

SOURCE Alphanumeric identification of computer codeused to generate simulation. (80 characters)

CONTACT Alphanumeric identifier of appropriate peopleto contact for resolution of phenomenologyquestions. (120 characters)

COMMENT General alphanumeric comments field.(80 characters)

RUNDATE Alphanumeric field containing time and date (*)of simulation. (20 characters)

ISOURCE Integer simulation source code ID:1 = MICE2 = MEGS3 = MELT4 = SCENARIO

VERSION Real variable denoting version number of (*)Plasma Outputs Interface specification.Current version is 1.031, implemented 6/89.

TSIM Simulation time (seconds) for this block ofcode output.

ITIME Simulation clock flag:0 = Simulation time relative to an arbitrary

reference (usually the first burst).1 = Simulation time is GMT.

NB Number of bursts detonated prior to the writingof this block of code output.

NRECS Number of records (including this one) inthe current block of code output.

4

IGEOMR Geometry flag:I = MICE 3-D modified Geocentric Spherical

coordinates.2 = Geomagnetic Dipole coordinates

with aligned a array.3 = Geomagnetic Dipole coordinates

with staggered a array.

ISYMR Grid symmetry flag:0 = No symmetry1 = Magnetic east-west reflection

symmetry about 0=0 (or Y=O inMICE output).

2 = North-south reflection symmetryabout magnetic equator (or X=Oin MICE output).

3 = Both north-south and east-westreflection symmetries.

4 = Special symmetry - consult MRCphenomenologists.

IFGRID Full grid output flag:0 = Output block represents full

computational grid. All environmenttubes - both active and ambient.Total number of tubes, active plusambient, is JMXB*JMXP. Number of activetubes is NATUBES.

1 = Output block contains active (non-ambient) environment tubes only. Thereare NATUBES active environment tubes.Ordering of active tubes within thegrid is as specified by the Active/Inactive Environment Tube Record.Criteria used to determine which tubesare active depend on the particularcode (ISOURCE).

NATUBES Number of active environment tubes in thiscode output block.

5

NBUFF Buffer size required to read Environment TubeRecords. Nominal implementation is oneenvironment tube per record, so minimum buffersize is

(JMXA * NQPCEL + 3). (*)To minimize interrecord gaps on magnetic tape,buffer size may optionally be increased togreater than or equal to an integer multipleof the minimum size. Consult MRC phenomenolo-gists to arrange for larger buffer sizes.

JMXA Number of grid cells in "vertical" direction."Vertical" is the Z direction in MICE, but isthe a direction in MEGS, MELT, and SCENARIO.

JMXB Number of grid cells in north-south direction."North-south" is the X direction in MICE, butis the 6 direction in MEGS, MELT, and SCENARIO.

JMXP Number of grid cells in east-west direction."East-west" is the Y direction in MICE, but isthe 0 direction in MEGS, MELT, and SCENARIO.

NCELLS Total number of grid cells in this code outputblock.If IFGRID = 0, then NCELLS = JMXA*JMXB*JMXP.If IFGRID = 1, then NCELLS = NATUBES*JMXA.

NQPCEL Number of quantities per cell in this codeoutput block: (*)

30 + NSTRQ for MEGS/MICE/MELT;18 + NSTRQ for SCENARIO.

NSTRQ Number of striation quantities per cell. (*)Default value is 0 (if ISTRIR = 0)or 5 (if ISTRIR > 0).

LMXI Number of ion species per cell.

(Does not include weapon debris.)

LMXN Number of neutral species per cell.

NAMB Number of altitudes at which ambientatmosphere/ionosphere quantities are specified.

6

ICHEMR Integer chemistry model flag:I = Standard SCENARIO two reaction

chemistry model.2 = Standard MICE/MELT chemistry model.3 = Standard MICE/MELT chemistry model

plus D-region lumped-parameterchemistry.

IDEBRIS Weapon debris flag:0 = No debris density specified.I = Weapon debris density specified.

FBETA Fraction of debris mass density that is abeta emitter.

FPHOT Fraction of debris mass density that is anIR/visible scatterer.

IBETAR Beta flux record flag:0 = No Beta Flux Record written in this

code output block.1 - Beta Flux Record written.

ISTRIR Striation model flag: (*)If ISOURCE = 1 (MICE) --

0 = No striation parameters initialized,no striation quantities written.

I = Local, linear striation analysis;striation quantities written.

If ISOURCE - 2 (MEGS) --0 = No striation parameters initialized,

no striation quantities written.1 = Local, linear striation analysis;

striation quantities written.If ISOURCE = 3 (MELT) --

0 = No striation parameters initialized,no striation quantities written.

1 = Field-line-averaged striation growthplus regrid-variance accumulation;striation quantities written.

2 = Field-line-averaged striation growthplus regrid-variance accumulationplus striation convection;striation quantities written.

3 = Non-equipotential striation modelparameters. (Not yet implemented)

7

If ISOURCE = 4 (SCENARIO) --0 = no striation parameters initialized,

no striation quantities written.1 - standard SCENARIO striation

convection parameters;striation quantities written.

2 = non-equipotential striation modelparameters; striation quantitieswritten. (Not yet implemented)

CLOR Magnetic colatitude (radians) of origin ofgeocentric spherical grid (MICE outputsonly, zero otherwise).

ELOR East magnetic longitude (radians) oforigin of geocentric spherical grid(MICE outputs only, zero otherwise).

ISPARE1

ISPARE2

ISPARE3

ISPARE9

8

2.2 BURST HISTORY RECORD.

(TIMEB(1), ZB(I), XB(1), YB(I), TYB(I), I=I,NBA) (*J

where:

TIMEB(1) = Detonation time of the Ith burst. (sec)(Bursts listed chronologically.)

ZB(I) = "Vertical" coordinate of Ith burst point.Z coordinate (altitude) in geocentricspherical system (MICE); (cm)a coordinate in geocentric dipolesystem (MEGS, MELT, SCENARIO). (rad)

XB(I) = "North-south" coordinate of Ith burst point.X coordinate (positive to north) in geo-centric spherical coordinate system (MICE); (cm)# coordinate (positive toward magneticequator) in geocentric dipole system(MEGS, MELT, SCENARIO). (rad)

YB(I) = "East-west" coordinate of Ith burst point.Y coordinate (positive to west) in geo-centric spherical coordinate system (MICE); (cm)0 coordinate (positive to east) in geo-centric dipole system (MEGS, MELT, SCENARIO). (rad)

TYB(I) = Total Yield of Ith burst. (MT)(*)

NBA = MAX(NB,I)(See Header Record for description of NB.)

NOTE: If no detonations have occurred prior to the first code outputblock, then

NBA = I, TIMEB = -1.E30,

ZB(1) = XB(I) = YB(1) = 0.,

TYB(1) = 0.

9

2.3 GRID GEOMETRY RECORD.

( (ZKC(I,J), I=1,JMXA ), J=1,JMXB ),((DZKC(I,J), I=I,JMXA ), J-,JMXB ),(XKC(I), 1=1, JMXB ),(DXKC(I), I=1, JMXB ),( YKC(I), 1=1, JMXP ),(DYKC(I), I=1, JMXP )

where:

ZKC = Array of cell-centered "vertical" coordinates.Z coordinate (altitude) in geocentric sphericalcoordinate system (MICE); (cm)a coordinate in geocentric magnetic dipole coordinatesystem (MEGS, MELT, SCENARIO). The a unit vectoris anti-parallel to the dipole geomagnetic field. (rad)NOTE: ZKC is doubly subscripted to accommodate

staggered a grids.

DZKC = Array of cell widths associated with ZKC. (cm or rad)NOTE: DZKC is doubly subscripted to

accommodate staggered a grids.NOTE: For MICE only, altitudes of both the (*)

cell center and lower boundary of the bottomcell are defined to be the same. Thisoddity results from use of a reflectivebottom boundary condition in the MICE finitedifference scheme.

XKC = Array of cell-centered "north-south" coordinates.X coordinate (positive toward north) in geocentricspherical coordinate system (MICE); (cm)p coordinate (positive toward magnetic equator)in geocentric dipole coordinate system (MEGS,MELT, SCENARIO). (rad)

OXKC = Array of cell widths associated with XKC. (cm or rad)

YKC = Array of cell-centered "east-west" coordinates.Y coordinate (positive toward west) in geocentricspherical coordinate system (MICE); (cm)o coordinate (positive toward east) in geocentricdipole coordinate system (MEGS, MELT, SCENARIO). (rad)

DYKC - Array of cell widths associated with YKC. (cm or rad)

10

2.4 AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE/IONOSPHERE RECORD.

If ISOURCE - 1, 2, or 3 (MICE, MEGS, or MELT):

(Z(I), ENE(I), RHON(I), RHOI(I), TEMP(I), (SPEC(J,I), J-1,8),

I=1,NAMB) (*)

If ISOURCE = 4 (SCENARIO):

(Z(I), ENEDAY(I), ENENITE(I), TEMP(I), RHON(I), I=I,NAMB)

where:

Z(I) = Altitude of Ith entry in ambient table. (cm)

ENE(I) - Ambient electron density at Ith altitude. (cm-3)

ENEDAY(I) = Daytime ambient electron density at Ith (cm"3)altitude. (SCENARIO only.)

ENENITE(I) = Nighttime ambient electron density at Ith (cm-3)altitude. (SCENARIO only.)

RHON(I) = Ambient neutral mass density at mth altitude. (gm/cm3)

RHOI(I) = Ambient ion mass density at Ith altitude. (gm/cm3)

TEMP(I) = Ambient temperature at Ith altitude. (deg K)

SPEC(l,I) = Ambient N2 density at I t h altitude. (cm-3)

SPEC(2,I) = Ambient 02 density at Ith altitude. (cm - 3 )

SPEC(3,I) - Ambient 0 density at Ith altitude. (cm-3)

SPEC(4,I) - Ambient NO density at Ith altitude. (cm-3)

SPEC(5,I) = Ambient H density at Ith altitude. (cm-3 )

SPEC(6,I) = Ambient 0 density at Ith altitude. (cm-3 )

SPEC(7,I) - Ambient NO+ density at Ith altitude. (cm-3)

SPEC(8,I) - Ambient H+ density at Ith altitude. (cm-3)

NOTE: See Header Record for description of NAMB.

11

2.5 ACTIVE/INACTIVE ENVIRONMENT TUBE RECORD.

((IMAP(I,J), I=1,JMXB), J=I,JMXP)

where:

IMAP(I,J) - Index map for active and inactive environment tubes.The (I,J) index corresponds to the (I,J)th (po)grid location where 1 1 :5 JMXB and 1 J JMXP.

0 = (I,J)th environment tube is inactive.IFGRID parameter in Header Record controlswhether or not (I,J)th environment tubeis written to output block.

n - Positive integer which indexes activeenvironment tubes. Active tubes arewritten and numbered in sequential orderas grid is scanned most rapidly alongI index (, direction), least rapidly alongJ index (0 direction).

12

2.6 ENVIRONMENT TUBE RECORDS.

(IBETA,JPHI,KTUBE,((CQBUFF(NQ,NC,NT),NQ=I,NQPCEL), NC=1,JMXA), NT=1,NTBUFF) (*)

where:

IBETA = 8 index of environment tube.

JPHI = 0 index of environment tube.

KTUBE = Active environment tube index.0 = Inactive environment tube (if written).n = Active environment tube index as in

IMAP(IBETA,JPHI).

CQBUFF = Array used to read cell quantities in environmenttubes. Each tube record holds cell quantities forone or more complete environment tubes. No partialtubes are written. The number of complete tubes ina full buffer is the integer

NBUFF/(NQPCEL*JMXA+3) (*)

The first CQBUFF index runs over cell quantities:1 5 NQ 5 NQPCEL

The second CQBUFF index runs over cells in oneenvironment tube:

1 : NC 5 JMXA

The third CQBUFF index runs over environment tubes:1 : NT : NTBUFF

NOTE: For NTBUFF > 1, the last Environment TubeRecord will generally contain fewer than NTBUFFtubes. This occurs because the total number oftubes may not be an integer multiple of NTBUFF.

CQBUFF(],NC,NT) = Cell index (real variable) which runs overall cells (active plus inactive) in grid.This index is

NC + JMXA * ( IBETA-1 + JMXB * ( JPHI-1 ))

13

CQBUFF(2,NC,NT) = Electron number density. (cm-3 )(*)This quantity will be the mean electrondensity if striation convection isoperative; i.e.,if ISOURCE - 3 and ISTRIR = 2or ISOURCE = 4 and ISTRIR = 1

CQBUFF(3,NC,NT) - Partial time derivative of electron (cm-3-secl)(*)density. This quantity will be a meanvalue if striation convection is operative.(This quantity will be zero unlessspecifically requested by the end user.Not available from standard SCENARIO simula-tions at present.)

CQBUFF(4,NC,NT) Debris mass density. (cm-3)(*)Ionized weapon debris. This quantity willbe a mean value if striation convectionis operative. (This quantity is non-zero onlyif debris was initialized and transported inthe simulation. See also IDEBRIS descriptionin Header Record.)

CQBUFF(5,NC,NT) = Ion mass density. (gm/cm3)

CQBUFF(6,NC,NT) = Ion velocity in the "vertical" direction. (cm/sec)Z direction in geocentric spherical grid(MICE);a direction in geocentric dipole grid(MEGS, MELT, SCENARIO).

CQBUFF(7,NC,NT) = Ion velocity in the "north-south"direction. (cm/sec)X direction in geocentric spherical grid(MICE);p direction in geocentric dipole grid(MEGS, MELT, SCENARIO).

CQBUFF(8,NC,NT) Ion velocity in the "east-west" direction. (cm/sec)Y direction in geocentric spherical grid(MICE);0 direction in geocentric dipole grid(MEGS, MELT, SCENARIO).

CQBUFF(9,NC,NT) = Neutral mass density. (gm/cm3 )

CQBUFF(10,NC,NT) = Molecular mass fraction.Neutral molecule mass density divided bytotal neutral mass density.

14

CQBUFF(11,NC,NT) = Neutral velocity component in the (cm/sec)"vertical" direction. Z direction in ageocentric spherical grid (MICE, MELT,MEGS); a direction in a geomagneticdipole grid SCENARIO).

CQBUFF(12,NC,NT) = Neutral velocity component in the "north- (cm/sec)south" direction. X direction in a geo-centric spherical grid (MICE, MELT, MEGS);# direction in geomagnetic dipole grid(SCENARIO).

CQBUFF(13,NC,NT) = Neutral velocity component in the "east- (cm/sec)west" direction. Y direction in a geo-centric spherical grid (MICE, MELT, MEGS);0 direction in geomagnetic dipole grid(SCENARIO).

CQBUFF(14,NC,NT) = "Vertical" component of magnetic field. (gauss)Z direction in geocentric sphericalgrid (MICE);a direction in geocentric dipolegrid (MEGS, MELT, SCENARIO).

CQBUFF(15,NC,NT) = "North-south" component of magnetic field. (gauss)X direction in geocentric spherical grid(MICE);# direction in geocentric dipole grid(MEGS).Zero for MELT and SCENARIO by assumption ofambient geomagnetic field.

CQBUFF(16,NC,NT) = "East-west" component of magnetic field. (gauss)Y direction in geocentric spherical grid(MICE);0 direction in geocentric dipole grid(MEGS).Zero for MELT and SCENARIO by assumption ofambient geomagnetic field.

CQBUFF(17,NC,NT) = Electron temperature. (deg K)(Plasma temperature if ISOURCE-4(SCENARIO).)

CQBUFF(18,NC,NT) = Neutral temperature. (deg K)

END of Standard SCENARIO Quantities

15

Extended Phenomenology quantities

- The following quantities will be present if ISOURCE =1, -

- 2, or 3 (i.e., MICE, MEGS, or MELT, respectively).If present, use NS - 18 below.

- If ISOURCE - 4 (SCENARIO), these temperature and species -

- quantities are not present. Skip to structure quantities. -

CQBUFF(NS+1,NC,NT) = N2 vibrational temperature. (deg K)

CQBUFF(NS+2,NC,NT) = Ion temperature. (deg K)

CQBUFF(NS+3,NC,NT) = N+ density. (cm- 3)This quantity will be a mean valueif striation convection is operative.(See CQBUFF(2,NC,NT).)

CQBUFF(NS+4,NC,NT) = 0+ density. (cm-3)This quantity will be a mean valueif striation convection is operative.(See CQBUFF(2,NC,NT).)

CQBUFF(NS+5.!;C,NT) = NO' density. (cmnf3)This quantity will be a mean valueif striation convection is operative.(See CQBUFF(2,NC,NT).)

CQBUFF(NS+6,NC,NT) = H+ density. (CM-3)This quantity will be a mean valueif striation convection is operative.(See CQBUFF(2,NC,NT).)

CQBUFF(NS+7,NC,NT) = N2 density. (cm- 3)

CQBUFF(NS+8,NC,NT) = 02 density. (CM-3)

CQBUFF(NS+9,NC,NT) = NO density. (cm- 3)

CQBUFF(NS+1O,NC,NT) = N density. (Cm- 3)

CQBUFF(NS+l1,NC,NT) = 0 density. (cm-3)

CQBUFF(NS+12,NC,NT) = H density. (cm- 3)

- END of Standard MICE/MEGS/MELT Quantities

16

Optional Structure Descriptors

NQ = 30 if ISOURCE = 1, 2, or 3 (MICE, MEGS, or MELT).= 18 if ISOURCE = 4 (SCENARIO)

If ISTRIR = 0, then these structure quantities are omitted.

CQBUFF(NQ+I,NC,NT) - Ist striation quantity. See Table 1.

CQBUFF(NQ+2,NC,NT) = 2 nd striation quantity. See Table 1.

CQBUFF(NQ+3,NC,NT) - 3rd striation quantity. See Table 1.

CQBUFF(NQ+4,NC,NT) = 4th striation quantity. See Table 1.

CQBUFF(NQ+5,NC,NT) - 5th striation quantity. See Table 1.

END of ENVIRONMENT TUBE Cell Quantities

NOTE: NTBUFF is a user computed implied DO loop limit. User must keeptrack of how many environment tubes have been previously read fromthe current output block. If NTPREV is the number previouslyread, and if NAVAIL is the number of tubes in an output block(JMXB*JMXP if IFGRID=O, NATUBES if IFGRID=1), then

NTBUFF = MIN( NAVAIL-NPREV, NBUFF/(NQPCEL*JMXA+3) ) (*)

This calculation must yield an integer greater than zero.

NOTE: Proper interpretation of Striation Quantities in Table 1 requiresbackground knowledge of methodologies for computing descriptors ofplasma striations. References 3 and 4 are recommended.

17

TABLE 1. Striation Quantities Definition.

For ISOURCE I 1 (MICE) or 2 (MEGS)

Striation I< ISTRIR >1Quantity Number I 1 I 2

1 I Time integrated local i Not DefinedI growth rate

2 i Instantaneous local I Not Definedgrowth rate (sec-1)

3 I Not Defined Not Defined

4 Not Defined I Not Defined

5 I Not Defined Not Defined

For ISOURCE = 3 (MELT)

Striation j< ISTRIR >1Quantity Number 1 1 I 2

1 j Field-line-averaged j Field-line-averagedI amplitude (0-1) I amplitude (0-41)

2 I an from regrids I an from regridsI (cM3) I and convection (cm

-3)

3 Not Defined I High ne1 (cm-3)

4 Not Defined I Low-neI (cm 3)

5 Not Defined I High / LowArea Ratio

18

TABLE 1. Striation Quantities Definition (continued).

For ISOURCE - 4 (SCENARIO)

Striation j< ISTRIR >1Quantity Number I I I 2

1 I 4 from convection I Reserved for algorithm(cm'3) I with outer scale calc.

2 I Field-mapped outer I Reservedscale (cm/rad)

3 I High ne I ReservedI (cm-3 ) I

4 I Low ne I ReservedI (cm-3) I

5 I High / Low I ReservedI Area Ratio I

19

2.7 BETA FLUX RECORD (Optional).

((BETAF(I,J), I=I,JMXB), J=I,JMXP)

where:

BETAF(I,J) = Beta particle energy flux (ergs/sec/cm2 )through a surface at 100 km altitude.

The surface in question is contained entirelywithin the (I,J)th environment tube and isperpendicular to the geomagnetic field. It is thecenter of this surface which is at 100 km altitude.

NOTE: This record is optional. The Header Record parameter IBETARindicates if this record is present.

20

SECTION 3

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Krueger, D.J., F.W. Guigliano, R.E. Dodson, D.L. Natal,"PRPSIM -- AFortran Code to Calculate Properties of Radio Wave Propagation in aStructured Ionized Medium, Volume 1 -- Code Documentation and UsersGuide, PRPSIM Version 1.0", DNA-TR-87-162-V1, Mission ResearchCorporation, 30 May 1987.

2. White, W.W., "Standard MICE/MELT - SCENARIO Infrared OutputsInterface", MRC/NSH-N-89-003, Mission Research Corporation, July1989. (In preparation)

3. Holland, D.H., et al, "Physics of High-Altitude Nuclear BurstEffects", DNA 4501F, Mission Research Corporation, December 1977.See Chapter 13.

4. Stagat, R.W., D.S. Sappenfield, and J.P. Incerti, "The SCENARIOCode: Modifications in Version II and the Striation ConvectionTheory", AFWL-TR-80-124, Mission Research Corporation, April 1982.

21

22

APPENDIX

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Active Environment Tube: See "Environment Tube".

Aligned a Array: Boundaries between cells along the a directionwithin an environment tube (magnetic flux tube)are contiguous with a boundaries in adjacenttubes. Consequently, a cell boundaries formcontinuous grid surfaces which are everywhereperpendicular to B. See also "Staggered a Array".

Code Output Block: A cluster of records within a file which describethe environment at a specified output time in anuclear burst simulation. Sections 2.1 through2.7 describe the contents of a code output block.Different code output blocks describe conditionsat different times or under differentcircumstances. Also referred to as an OutputBlock.

Environment Tube: For output purposes, computational cells alignedwith a selected coordinate direction have beengrouped in linear arrays. Each linear array canbe thought of as a "tube" of cells. Collectivelyall of the environment tubes in a code outputblock completely cover the three-dimensionalcomputational volume (subject to symmetryrestrictions - see "Grid Symmetry").

Environment tubes from MEGS, MELT, and SCENARIOare aligned with the ambient geomagnetic fieldand, thus, constitute magnetic flux tubes. Eachcell in this type of environment tube contains anequal amount of magnetic flux, so the cross-sectional area of cells varies inversely with B.

Environment tubes from MICE are oriented alongradial lines from the center of the earth.Consequently their cross-sectional area varies asI/R2 .

Historically, environment tubes have been known as"sticks", "tubes", "flux tubes", "plasma tubes",

23

or "columns" depending on context. Environmenttubes may come in two varieties - active andinactive. Active tubes contain cell quantitieswhich deviate from ambient due to the action ofnuclear explosions. Inactive tubes contain onlyambient atmospheric densities, temperatures, etc.

Grid Symmetry: No symmetry implies the complete three-dimensionalgrid is provided in the code output block.

Magnetic east-west reflection symmetry meansreflection symmetry about the vertical magneticmeridian plane through the center of thecomputational volume was imposed on thesimulation. In this case, only the half-spaceused for computation has been written out in thecode output block.

Magnetic north-south reflection symmetry issimilar to east-west reflection symmetry exceptthe vertical reflecting plane is orientedeast-west. In MEGS, MELT, and SCENARIO, thereflection plane is the magnetic equator. InMICE, the reflection plane occurs at X = 0.

High-0 Plasma: Plasma with energy density well above the magneticenergy density. Plasma f is the ratio of plasmaenergy density to magnetic energy density. Eitherplasma thermal energy density or the sum ofthermal + kinetic energy densities is commonlyused in computing plasma p. Plasma 0 should notbe confused with the p coordinate (geomagneticdipole-field-aligned coordinates used in MELT,MEGS, and SCENARIO).

High/Low Area Ratio: Ratio of transverse-to-B areas occupied by Highand Low ne's within a computational cell. SeeReference 4 and "High ne", "Low ne".

High ne: Larger of two electron densities assumed byStagat's two-level closure relation in StriationConvection theory. See Reference 4.

24

Inactive Environment Tube: See "Environment Tube".

Low ne: Smaller of two electron densities assumed byStagat's two-level closure relation in StriationConvection theory. See Reference 4.

MEGS: A first-principles, three-dimensional, two-fluidmagnetohydrodynamics (MHD) code for computingevolution of high-p plasma. MEGS is similar toMICE in using detailed two-fluid MHD equations totreat high-p plasma; the code is similar to MELTin using a global-scale geomagnetic dipole-field-aligned coordinate system. The name MEGSderives from MHD Extended to Global Scale.

MELT: A first-principles, three-dimensional, two-fluidmagnetohydrodynamics (MHD) code for computingevolution of low-p plasma. MELT's use of ageomagnetic dipole-field-aligned coordinate systempermits tracking of air plasma (generated byhigh-altitude nuclear explosions) over global-scale distances. Two-fluid equations like thosein MICE are used to represent physical processes.However, following the assumption of low-A plasma,MELT treats the geomagnetic field as ambient.Plasma transport across the geomagnetic field isvia E x B drift where E is a self-consistent,spatially and temporally varying electrostaticfield. The name MELT derives from Mixed Eulerianjagrangian Iwo-fluid.

MICE: A first-principles, three-dimensional, two-fluidmagnetohydrodynamics (MHD) code for computingevolution of high-p plasma. MICE uses aspecialized geocentric spherical coordinate systemto compute the dynamics of interpenetratingneutral and ion-electron fluids. Collisions atthe atomic level transfer momentum and energybetween fluids. Chemical reactions convertspecies of one fluid to the other, as appropriate.Maxwell's Equations are the basis for computingspatially and temporally varying electromagneticfields. The name MICE derives from MHD ImplicitContinuous Eulerian.

25

he: Electron density.

Output Block: See "Code Output Block".

Regrid: The act of transferring information (i.e., cellquantities) carried on one computational grid toanother. For example, one may be motivated toregrid a computation into a larger grid when theedge of an expanding fireball approaches theexisting grid's boundaries. Sometimes called a"rezone".

SCENARIO: A physics-based, engineering-level atmosphericeffects code designed specifically to simulatemultiple high-altitude nuclear detonations.Credibility of code outputs combined withcomputational speed derives from use in SCENARIOof truncated forms of the same three-dimensional,two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics equations used inMICE and MELT. SCENARIO is available to qualifiedusers under License from the Defense NuclearAgency.

Staggered a Array: Boundaries between cells along the a directionwithin an environment tube (magnetic flux tube)are not contiguous or aligned with a boundaries inadjacent tubes. Consequently, a cell boundariesdo not form continuous grid surfaces. See also"Aligned a Array".

an: Standard deviation of electron density; i.e.,square root of electron density variance. See"Striation Convection".

Striation Convection: Computational algorithm for estimating electrondensity variance (an2) produced by the GradientDrift Instability. A specialized algorithm isrequired because phenomenology codes cannotcompute fine-scale plasma irregularities(striations with scale sizes as small as - 100 m)and simultaneously span the widespread volume

26

which is disturbed by even one nuclear burst(i.e., hundreds to thousands of kilometers inextent). In the context of plasma structure,striation convection is sometimes referred tosimply as "convection". See Reference 4.

27

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