Apprenticeship in TVET: to minimize the skill gap

Apprenticeship in TVET Programmeto minimize the skill gap

Mohammed Rafiqul IslamCapacity Development Associate

Access to Information (a2i) ProgrammePrime Minister’s Office, Bangladesh

Email: [email protected] December 2015

Labour market scenery of Bangladesh

• Labour force: 80M, growth 2.2% (1.7M)• Unemployment: 4.3% (3.4M)• Underemployment:18.7% (15M)

Untrained80%

Trained but not qualified

18%

NTVQF2%

18.4M People Need Decent Work!Only 2% Trained and Qualified!

Traditional ?

Market based ?

TVET system mainly focuses on skills and soon will become the main driving force of growth….But, there is a gap!!!

Apprenticeship/Internship/Job Placement

Apprenticeship:• on-the-job training and classroom instruction • practical and theoretical aspects of a highly skilled occupation.

Experience of Austria

• About 40% -Austrian teenagers enter apprenticeship training upon completion of compulsory education (at age 15). [stable since the 1950s]

The five most popular trades are: - Retail Salesperson (5,000/year), - Clerk (3,500 / year), - Car Mechanic (2,000 / year), - Hairdresser (1,700 / year), - Cook (1,600 / year)

• Apprenticeship training in Austria: Dual Education System

Experience of Australia

• 470,000 Australian Apprentices in-training as at 31 March 2012

• an increase of 2.4% from the previous year

• 60+ industries: equipped with apprenticeship occupation. • Group Training Organisations (GTO): offers safety nets to demand & supply

Experience of France

• 4,25,000 Apprentices in France in 2013.• 17/1000 employed person.

Experience of Germany• Employment without apprenticeship is almost impossible• Dual Education System: 50-70% time in company and rest

in formal education• In 2011, 570,000 new voc apprenticeships, compared 520,000 university

enrolments.

Experience of China

Year Total enrollment Tech&Voc enrollment Year

Upper Secondary schools (USS)

16 million 7.5 million 2013

Graduates from USS 14.8 million 6.7 million 2014

Source: MoE of China, 2014

• Above 20 Million people work as apprentices right now.

Experience of Malaysia

• TVET enrolment:1,64,000 (2013) 2,25,000 (2020) 650,000 (2025)

• Apprenticeship Scheme for dropouts: RM500.00 per month (by HRDF)

Apprenticeship at Lotus Car Apprenticeship at Mercedes-Benz

Experience of India

• Under APY 2.8 lakh apprentices (One lakh more by March, 2017)

BREAKING NEWS- JULY 2015:

‘’CHINA HAS 2 CRORE PEOPLE WORKING AS APPRENTICES, IN JAPAN 1 CRORE. BUT IN INDIA ONLY 30 LAKHS. DISAPPOINTING’’ - PM MODI

Institutionalize Apprent in IndiaSeparate board for apprenticeship programme

1. Board of Apprenticeship Training (BOAT) Western Region

http://www.apprentice-engineer.com/

2. BOAT -Northern Region www.boatsr-apprentice.tn.nic.in

3. BOAT –Southern Region http://boatnr.org/

4. BOAT –Eastern Region http://www.bopter.gov.in

What about Bangladesh…?

• TVET enrollment- 6,89,663 [<8% of secondary and HS enrollment]• Formal Apprenticeship: 8377 (Approx) • Informal apprenticeship: 10,000+

• 64 TSC get approval to start delivering contract training to industry• BMET, COEL, ILO, EU and BRAC running apprent. Prog. (very small scale)

Its not ENOUGH!!!

What to Do…???Major 5 (PMCMB):• Change Policy: TVET & Industry for better

Apprenticeship.• Innovate Apprenticeship Model for developing

countries.• Collaboration between Education and Industry• Develop a National Apprenticeship Monitoring

System (NAMS)

• Develop Business model/sustainable plan 4 Apprenticeship

Thank You