Appraising Plan Implementation: Local Physical Development ...

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Appraising Plan Implementation: Local Physical Development Plans

by Planner Gertrude K. Rapong’o

Outline

Definition of Local Physical Development Plan (LPDP)

Principles to be promoted in a LPDP

Purpose of LPDPs

Types of LPDP

Legal and Policy Framework

Process of Preparation of LPDP

Contents of LPDPs

Challenges

Achievements

Definition of Local Physical Development Plan (LPDP)

The Physical Planning Act Cap 286 defines a LocalPhysical Development Plan to mean a plan for the area orpart thereof of a city, municipal, town or urban counciland includes a plan with reference to any trading ormarketing centre.

Under section 24 of the Physical Planning Act a LocalPhysical Development Plan may be prepared in referenceto; Government land, Trust land and Private land

Note that: As per the Constitution of Kenya 2010, itmay be prepared with respect to private, public andcommunity land.

Principles to be promoted in a LPDP

Orderly, co-ordinated, harmonious and progressive development

Health and safety

Order, amenity and convenience

General welfare

Efficiency and economy

Improvement of transport and communication

Environmental sustainability

Principles …

Urban containment and densification

Public participation

Urban renewal and redevelopment

Optimal utilization of land

Land readjustment

Livability and walkability

Principles …

In summary, the LPDP should endeavor to ensure orderly, coordinated, harmonious and progressive

development of the area in order to ensure health, safety, amenity,convenience and the general welfare of the residents.

classify the area for residential, commercial, industrial and otherpurposes or uses.

determine the type and density of development in any particularlocality as well as the conservation of the natural beauty of the areaincluding lakes, rivers, hilltops, summits and valleys if they exist.

provide for routes for physical infrastructure (roads, railway ),service way leaves (water and sanitation, electricity) communicationroutes.

The LPDP is therefore a basis for investment anddevelopment control

Purpose of LPDPs

Long term

To interpret national, regional and countydevelopment policies appropriate to the local area;

To articulate the aims of the National Governmentand respective County Government for the areatogether with strategies, policies and generalproposals which are intended to achieve those aims.

To provide a framework for detailed policies andproposals for subsequent short-term plans for thearea.

Purpose ...

To indicate action area for immediate developmentor redevelopment.

To provide a co-ordinated basis upon which variousimplementing agencies can develop their individualprogrammes of work for which they have executiveresponsibility, in the areas of housing,transportation, water supply, electricity supply,sewerage developments, etc.

To outline the transportation and communicationnetworks to serve the area over a period of 20 to 30years.

Purpose …

Short term

To reflect details and proposals of a long-term plan

To assess land requirement to accommodate aspecific population needs

To detail out land requirements to various land usestaking into account compatibility of adjoining landuses and conforming with a long- term proposals forthe area; and

To identify authorities to service and/or develop thevarious land use allocation

Purpose ...

Renewal and/or Redevelopment plan

To provide a broad land use framework illustrating aco-ordinated policy of renewal and guiding bothpublic and private redevelopment activities;

To provide a road pattern and traffic networkdesigned to improve vehicular access and parkingspace and also facilitate segregation of vehicles andpedestrians;

To provide a basis for determining developmentapplication on extensions of leases, extension ofusers and change of users;

Types of LPDP

1. Long TermA long term plan which shows amount of land sufficient to accommodategrowth of the cities/municipal/town area over a period of 20 to 30 years- A broad framework outlining the direction of growth and is a basis for moredetailed planning treatment.

2. Short TermA short term plan which elaborates in detail policies and proposals in relationto specific areas of land, and provides the basis for both positive andregulatory planning to be realized or achieved within a specified period oftime not exceeding 10 years .- It is more detailed and precise in designation of land use and prescription ofstandards. This type of planning is more explicit in its subject mattertreatment.Short term plans include –

Types …

An Action Plan for comprehensive planning of areasselected for intensive change, which is to commencewithin a specified period, by improvement, re-use ofderelict land;

An Advisory plan for indicating permitted subdivisionand use of land specified is such plan;

A subject plan for detailed treatment of a particularaspect (human settlement, transport of planning inrelation to a part of the whole of a local physicaldevelopment plan;

A Part Development Plan for indicating precise sitesfor immediate implementation of specific profits or foralienation purposes.

Types …

3. Renewal and/or Redevelopment plan wherethere is urban decay-revitalization/ rejuvenation of thecentral business district and transformation/gentrification of residential neighborhoods -affordable housing.

- May take a long term or short-term perspective todirect growth or expansion, regeneration orrevitalization of a local area that has undergone decayand deterioration or as per any specific requirement orpurpose.

Legal and Policy Framework

- Laws

- Vision 2030

- NSP

- CSPLocal Physical

Development

Plan

Kenya

Constitution

2010

Policies

LegistlationCounty

Planning

Principles

Local Area

specific

opportunities

and

challenges

Contemporary

Best Planning

Practices

Legal …

The preparation of LPDP may be initiated by

The County Planning Authorities comprising ofrespective Planning Units in the counties, cities andmunicipal boards, sub- counties and wardsmanagement committees.

Members of public acting individually or collectivelythrough neighborhoods associations.

The County Assemblies may demand for thepreparation of a LPDP on behalf of the public.

Legal …

Who can prepare a LPDP?

Directly by County Physical Planning Units andrespective Planning Units in the cities andmunicipalities

Indirectly by Registered Planners on behalf ofrespective Planning Authorities which takesupervisory roles

Process of Preparation of LPDP

Steps in preparing LPDPs Preplanning includes scoping, assessing the needs area,

reconnaissance survey, source mobilization, data needs, issuing the notices, identify stakeholders

Visioning and Objective setting describes and illustrates the desired future to make it more vivid, real and compelling so as to serve as an impetus for the present actions through stakeholder engagement.

Research and mapping on varioos aspects and preparation of the base map that include physical/natural and man made features

Situational analysis includes data collection, processing analysis and interpretation

Process …

Prioritization of Issues – the extent to which addressing the problem will promote the vision and achievement of the objectives of the plan. The degree to which solving the problem will give the area a comparative advantage.

Formulation of plan proposals – promote realization of the shared vision. These are suggestions prescribed in LPDP to achieve the predetermined goals and objectives, address challenges, and harness opportunities identified in a local area.

Presentation and publishing - The final output of the LPDP process a report containing a written statement and a set of thematic maps and portrait of the desired spatial structure. The will be circulated to relevant authorities for further input. Advertisement as required by the law

Process…

Approval of the LPDP - County Planning Authority shall publish a notice in the Gazette and

at least two newspapers of national circulation informing the public of the completion of the

plan, designated places and times for inspection and that an interested person may comment

on the content of the plan;

submit the final plan to the County Executive Committee Member responsible for land use

planning through the County Director responsible for Physical Planning who recommends.

The CECM will forward the plan to the County Assembly for approval through the County

Executive Committee.

The County Assembly will consider the plan for approval in line with assembly procedures.

The CECM will publish a notice of the approval plan

Process…

Implementation of the LPDP

An outline or a matrix of programmes and projects to be

undertaken

● Indicates the sectors, Action areas, Actors, Budget and Timelines.

● Popularize the LPDP (Awareness Creation)

● Build the capacity of key stakeholders for effective implementation

● To ensure accountability and transparency in resources

mobilization

● Develop partnership for plan implementation

Process…

Monitoring and Evaluation

Build synergies on monitoring and evaluation of plans which

is an internal mechanism to ensure implementation and

realization of the LPDP proposals and projects.

Presented as an outline of processes and procedures of

tracking implementation.

Ensures timely amendments/modifications and plan review

Process…

Monitoring and Oversight

County Assembly - Allocate adequate funds for preparing and implementing all the physical

development plans prepared which include the Local Physical development Plans, County

Spatial Plan among others; Mobilize and educate citizens to participate; Mobilize resources for

plan preparation and implementation.

National Land Commission - Monitor and Oversee plan preparation and implementation

processes; Ensure quality of plans by issuing guidelines from time to time; Citizen education;

Civic education.

National Director of Physical Planning – ensure national policies and guidelines are

incorporated in the plans

Contents of LPDPs

1. Statements of the problem

2. Objectives statement

3. Analysis

Physical analysis;

Population analysis;

Economic analysis;

Contextual analysis;

Housing and infrastructure analysis

Content …

Housing and infrastructure analysis Transportation and communication analysisNote that all analyses will be accompanied by relevant mapsand charts5. Projections Land use projection tables6. Maps and Modeling Existing land use map Sieve maps of the physical constraints or thresholds to

development Development model map indicating land use designation and

distribution as well as a clear transport and communicationnetwork

Challenges

Inadequate financial allocations to matters of planning Low staffing levels at the County Planning

Authorities/Units Low awareness on the LPDPs by the public, county

executive and the assemblies LPDP being prepared by consultancies whose lead

consultant is not a Planner Weak/lack of implementation and monitoring of the

LPDPs Public participation; to what extend? Implementation of Local, Regional and National projects

without preparation of a LPDP

Achievements

LPDPs prepared at county Level

Ongoing Konza Techno-city

Lapsset project

The Resort City - Isiolo