Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster Management Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Applying a Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) to enhance planning decisions in Chennai, India CSE‐IIT: 5‐6 Nov. 2011 Presented by: Ramasamy Krishnamurthy (UoM), Jonas Joerin (Kyoto University), Rajib Shaw (Kyoto University), Yukiko Takeuchi (Kyoto University)
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Applying a Climate Disaster to enhance Chennai, India · Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster Management Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Applying
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Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Applying a Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) to enhance planning decisions in Chennai, India
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Overview
• Urban Disaster Risk in Chennai– Study location
– Shocks and stresses
• Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai– Methodology
– Results
• Enhancing the Resilience to Disasters in Chennai– Climate Action Plan
– Safer Chennai Campaign
• Way Forward – Assessing Climate‐related Disaster Resilience at the Micro‐level– Key Findings from Ward 79 & 131
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Urban Disaster Risk in Chennai (1)Study location
I
IIIII
VI
IV
V
IX
VIII
VII
X
Source: modified from Google Earth, 2010
N2 km
Water Bodies
Key Transport Corridors
City Boundary
Zone Boundaries
I,II,III,IV Zone Number
Afghanistan
Pakistan Bhutan
China
Bangladesh
Myanmar
Sri Lanka
Chennai
India
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Urban Disaster Risks in Chennai (2)Shocks
Cyclone:Jal, December, 2010
Key characteristics:‐ Floods triggered through, cyclone.‐More than 170 casualties in Tamil Nadu State
Chennai
Source: livechennai.com, 16th December 2010
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Urban Disaster Risks in Chennai (3)Shocks
Cyclone:Nisha,November, 2008
Key characteristics:‐Floods triggered through heavy storms, cyclone.
At 100 feet road near Vadapalani, Chennai
Source: hinduonnet.com, 28th November 2008
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Urban Disaster Risks in Chennai (4)Shocks
Cyclones 1959‐2008 in north part of Tamil Nadu State:– 28 cyclones in 50 years– 2005, 2008 and 2010 incidents were caused by a cyclone!– Cyclone season mostly during the months of October to December
Source: E‐Atlas, IMD, 2010
Chennai
Cyclones:
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Urban Disaster Risks in Chennai (5) ‐ Stresses
Urbanisation:o Current population (2011):
4.68 million, Chennai City (176km2)Population growth: 1971‐2001: 1.72%/yearPopulation growth 2001‐2011: 0.75%/year
o Population density (avg): 26,597 (p/km2)
o Chennai Metropolitan Area expected at 9.9 million inhabitants by 2025
higher potential for climate‐related disasters: floods, cyclones, etc.
7
Adyar River near Saidapet, Zone 9, Chennai
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai (1)Methodology
CDRI tool: 5x5 matrix
Physical Social Economic Institutional NaturalElectricity Population Income Mainstreaming Intensity o
hazardsWater Health Employment Crisis
management Frequency of hazards
Sanitation, Solid waste
Education and awareness
Household assets
Knowledge dissemination & management
Ecosystem
Infrastructure and Roads
Social capital Finance and savings
Institutional collaboration
Land‐use
Housing and land‐use
Community preparedness
Budget and subsidy
Good governance
Environmental policies
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Weighting Statistics (examples)
Parameters: average weighting of parameters, highest to lowest Weightage
Sanitation and solid waste 4.2
Community preparedness 4.2
Water 3.8
Environment policies 3.6
Mainstreaming of DRR and CCA 3.5
Crisis management 3.5
Budget and subsidy 3.4
Income 3.3
Education and awareness 3.2
More details: CDRI Report 2010Prioritization of parameters
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Weighting Statistics (examples)
Variables: average weighting highest to lowest Weightage
Extent of implementation of environmental policies 4.125
Zone’s electricity supply authority capable to provide electricity 4
Awareness of people about the threat and impact of a disaster 4
Extent of zone’s population participate in community activity 4
Percentage of youth employed in formal sectors 4
Effectiveness of emergency team during a disaster (leadership/competence)
3.9
Intensity/severity of floods 3.9
Intensity/severity of cyclones 3.9
Extent of zone’s population provide shelter or emergency support 3.8
% of zone’s annual budget targeting disaster risk management 3.8
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Weighting Statistics (CDRI scores)
Parameter CDRI score
Electricity 4.87
Institutional collaboration 4.09
Accessibility of roads 4.05
Health 3.89
Crisis management 3.86
Good governance 3.64
Household assets 3.54
Mainstreaming 3.45
Community preparedness 3.44
Finance and savings 3.43
Housing and land use 3.43
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai (2)Results: overall resilience
Areas with higher economic development, lower population density and better environmental condition have higher resilience levels.
CDRI Zone Profile:
Prepared by: University of Madras, Chennai Corporation and Kyoto University
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai (3)Results: physical resilience & social resilience
Lower in old and densely populated areas of the city
Less variation, but northern areas have lower social resilience due to poorer health conditions and social capital
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai (4)Results: economic resilience & institutional resilience
Little economic development in northern areas compared to south where large IT centres and car companies are being established
Little variation between zones due to their administrative character with little space for own decision‐making
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai (5)Results: natural resilience
Key finding:
Lower resilience in northern areas due to heavy polluting industries (waste disposal site, coal‐fired power plant, port) reducing the ecosystem quality
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Enhancing the Resilience of Chennai to Climate‐related Disasters (1)
• Climate Action Plan (CAP) ‐ Policy– Based on analysis of CDRI, local characteristics
and feasibility; focus on non‐structural measures (soft adaptation)
– Draft formulated in December 2010 in collaboration with the Corporation of Chennai and University of Madras.
– In progress of adoption by the Corporation of Chennai
+ Capacity‐building:Workshop with zone officers
CDRI study → CDRI Report
FORM
ULATION
OF ACTIONS
ASSESSM
ENT
FORM
AL ADOPTION
OF CA
P
Climate Action Plan (CAP)
Mainstreaming of Actions defined in CAP
Enhancing the resilience of Chennaito climate‐related disastersR
ESULT
Formal Adoption of CAP
IMPLEM
ENTATION
OF CA
P
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
• Safer Chennai Campaign– Launched on 19th August 2010 to support Chennai’s participation at the 2010‐11 World
Disaster Reduction Campaign: Making Cities Resilient from the United Nations
– Provides an opportunity to support and establish multi‐stakeholder dialogues to decisively implement actions enhancing the resilience in Chennai
– The CDRI is an example of a process‐oriented research approach: from assessment to planning and implementation
Enhancing the Resilience of Chennai to Climate‐related Disasters (2)
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
II
XIX
VIIIVII
VI
V
I
IIIIV
Afghanistan
Pakistan Bhutan
China
Bangladesh
Myanmar
Sri Lanka
Chennai
India
Ward 79
Ward 131
• Focus at micro‐level (households): conducted from May – August 2011
Way Forward – Assessing Climate‐related Disaster Resilience at the Micro‐level (1)
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Households located in the vicinity of rivers and canals have higher damages from floods!
Ward 79: Houses Damaged by Floods
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Way Forward – Assessing Climate‐related Disaster Resilience at the Micro‐level (2)
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Households located in the vicinity of rivers and canals have higher damages from floods!
Ward 131: Houses Damaged by Floods
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Way Forward – Assessing Climate‐related Disaster Resilience at the Micro‐level (3)
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
• Stakeholder’s Workshop: 24th August 2011– Workshop at Primary School in MGR Nagar, Ward 131, Chennai
– Dissemination of findings to local residents and government officers (Corporation of Chennai)
– Opportunity to allow local residents to share views directly to government officers
Way Forward – Assessing Climate‐related Disaster Resilience at the Micro‐level (4)
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
November 2011
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies