Applied Poultry Nutrition M.E. Persia Iowa State University
Feb 23, 2016
Applied Poultry Nutrition
M.E. PersiaIowa State University
What Do We Really Feed Poultry?Grains:
Byproduct meals:
Corn Contains Anti-nutrients
Nonstarch Polysaccharides (Meng and Slominski, 2005) 7.6% total 0.6% water soluble
Phytate (Hidvegi and Lasztity, 2003) 1.0%
Indirect Consequences of Phytate• Traditional mechanism
• Ca/phytate complex chelates protein and digestive enzymes
P-
P-
P- P-
P-
P-
Ca++
Ca++
Ca++
Ca++
Ca++
Ca++
P-
P-
P- P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P- P-
P-
P-
Zn++
Fe++
Cu+
P-
P-
P- P-
P-
P-
Ca++
= Protein
= Digestive enzyme
Calcium and pH on phytate solubility
6.5 5.5 4.5 3.5pH
Solution: Phytase
Diet PhytaseDose, FTU/kg
Body Wt, g
FCR, g/g
Mortality, %
PC None 0 3108b 1.78 4.28b
NC* None 0 2999c 1.80 13.36a
NC* Phytase 500 3187a 1.78 5.88b
Results at 49 days
Parr and Wyatt, 2006
Diet formulated with reduced phosphorus, calcium, amino acids and energy
DDGS Contains Anti-nutrients
Nonstarch Polysaccharides (Villamide et al., 1997) 19.1 – 22.0% total 0.0 – 2.1% water soluble
Phytate (NRC, 1994) 0.7%
Discussion Question
Why would corn have more phytate than DDGS?
Soybean Meal Contains Anti-nutrients
Nonstarch Polysaccharides (Meng and Slominski, 2005) 13.7% total 1.3% water soluble
Phytate (NRC, 1994) 1.40%
Raffinose 1.9%
Stachyose 5.2%
Barley Contains Anti-nutrients
Nonstarch Polysaccharides (Villamide et al., 1997) 10.2 – 19.9% total 3.3 – 4.4% glucans
Phytate (NRC, 1994) 0.9%
O
HO
H
H
H
CH2OH
OH
OHH
HO
H
H
H
CH2OH
OH
OHH
H
OH
H
CH2OH
OH
OH
H
HO
O
H
H
H
CH2OH
OH
OHH
HO
Wheat Contains Anti-nutrients
Nonstarch Polysaccharides (Gutierrez del Alamo et al., 2008) 9.8 – 11.2% total 1.3 – 2.4% water soluble
Phytate (NRC, 1994) 0.8%
O O
O
H
H
H OH
OH
H
H
O
H
H
H OH
OH
H
H
O
H
H
H O
OH
H
H
O
OH
OH
H
H
H
HHOH2C
O
OH
OH
H
H
H
HHOH2C
O
OH
OH
H
H
H
HHOH2C
Solution – treatment with enzymes
Soybeans Contain Anti-nutrients
Trypsin Inhibitor
Relationship with CCKSBTI (mg/kg) 0 100 1000
Plasma CCK (fmol/ml) 9.6 13.4 18.1
• Soybean trypsin inhibitor enhanced CCK release into circulation in a dose-dependent fashion.
Gross Effects• Performance
Solution: Heat treatment• Trypsin Inhibitors are heat labile• Heat treatment of soybean meal
– Drive off oil extraction medium– Dry soybean meal– Destroy Trypsin Inhibitors
• Caution: too much heat has negative effects on protein digestibility
Maillad Reactions (Browning)
Intermediate reaction products
Late reaction products
Moisture and HeatIngredient Lysine
DigestibilityCorn 92%Wheat 86%Soybean meal (SBM) 90%DDGS 75%M and B meal 81%Lysine HCl 100%