APPLIED GENETICS. ◦USING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF GENES TO CREATE CHANGES IN THE DNA OF ORGANISMS ◦THERE ARE THREE AREAS OF UNDERSTANDING MUTATIONS GENETIC.

APPLIED GENETICS

APPLIED GENETICS

APPLIED GENETICS◦USING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF GENES TO

CREATE CHANGES IN THE DNA OF ORGANISMS◦THERE ARE THREE AREAS OF UNDERSTANDING

MUTATIONS GENETIC DISORDERS GENETIC ENGINEERING

APPLIED GENETICS

MUTATIONS◦DEFINITION -- ??◦TWO KINDS

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS GENE MUTATIONS

◦CAUSES MUTAGENS (X-RAYS, CHEMICALS, ETC) UNKNOWN FACTORS (MISTAKES IN REPLICATION)

APPLIED GENETICS

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS◦DEFINITION -- ??

APPLIED GENETICS

GENE MUTATION◦DEFINTION -- ??

APPLIED GENETICS

GENETIC DISORDERS◦DEFINITION -- ??◦LEARNING ABOUT

GENETIC DISORDERS GIVES US IDEAS ON HOW TO TREAT THEM

◦PEDIGREE CHARTS

APPLIED GENETICS

GENETIC DISORDERS IN HUMANS◦CYSTIC FIBROSIS◦SICKLE-CELL DISEASE◦PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU)◦HUNTINGTON DISEASE◦DOWN’S SYNDROME

APPLIED GENETICS

DETECTING DISORDERS

APPLIED GENETICS

GENETIC ENGINEERING◦DEFINITION -- ??◦FORMS

BREEDING* GENE ISOLATION GENE RECOMBINATION GENE INSERTION CLONING

APPLIED GENETICS

SELECTIVE BREEDING

APPLIED GENETICS

GENE ISOLATION◦WE HAVE TO BE ABLE TO CUT OUT/SEPARATE

GENES…SO WE NEED “DNA SCISSORS”

RESTRICTION ENZYMES

APPLIED GENETICS

DNA INSERTION & RECOMBINANT DNA

APPLIED GENETICS

CLONING◦DEFINTION -- ??◦JUST BECAUSE ORGANISMS

ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL, DOES THAT MEAN THEY WILL LOOK EXACTLY ALIKE?

APPLIED GENETICS

WITH ALL THESE DIFFERENT WAYS OF CHANGING DNA, AND CREATING NEW FORMS OF GENES (TRAITS) HOW COME WE DON’T SEE AN ENDLESS NUMBER OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANISMS?

EVOLUTION IS NEXT!!