Applied Biochemistry: Eirzyme’s Molecular Enzymology for Bioenergy production Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008 ABIC 2008 University College Cork Dr. Maria Tuohy Molecular Glycobiotechnology Group Department of Biochemistry, NUI, Galway, & Eirzyme, Ireland
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Applied Biochemistry: Eirzyme’s MolecularEnzymology for Bioenergy production
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
ABIC 2008University College Cork
Dr. Maria Tuohy
Molecular Glycobiotechnology GroupDepartment of Biochemistry, NUI, Galway, & Eirzyme, Ireland
Our Location: NUI, Galway!
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Biomass to Bioenergy: Key Goals, Challenges &Barriers
Global Energy targetsEnvironmental benefits
SustainabilityBiofuel crops
Technological challenges?Barriers?
CO2
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Eirzyme’s Core Objectives & Goals
• Scale-up and commercial development of Optimizedthermostable enzyme technology to unlock the fullpotential of biomass to produce feedstocks enriched insimple sugars & to enhance downstream bioenergyproduction
• Target biomass substrates: 2nd generationfeedstocks/crops; Wastes, including Municipal SolidWaste, key source-segregated wastes and 1st generationbiofuel wastes (DDGS & Corn stover)
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Molecular GlycobiotechnologyGroup, NUI, Galway
Spin-out Company: Eirzyme
Research Team BioEnzTech Team (Pilot plant)Senior scientist, Post-doc & Project ManagerPhD Students Research AssistantsErasmus students, national Fermentation scientist& international summer students M.Sc. student
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Enzyme technology for the bioconversion ofCereals & Sugar beet
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.00
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Arabinose
Arabinose
Xylose
Xylose
Glucose/Galactose
Glucose/Galactose
Sucrose
Sucrose
Galacturonic acid
Galacturonic acid
nCn
C
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Min
(B)
(A)
Simple sugars released from sugar beetby cocktails 1 and 5
Sugar Beet - no chemical pretreatmentCocktail 1: Glc (47.6%), Gal (8.8%), Xylose (20.2%),Ara (19.3%) & GalUA (4.1%)Cocktail 5: Glc (49.3%), Gal (5.6%), Xyl (26.0%),Ara (9.3%) & GalUA (9.9%)
Cereals & cereal Grains: mechanical discruptionoat straw, oat grain, wheat bran and mixedretail flour: 70-92% conversion of polymericcarbohydrates to simple sugars~65-72% are monosaccharides, with Glc(42-51%),Gal/Man (6-8%), Xyl (17-23%), Ara (6.5-21%)
In progress: Distillers grains (with Teagasc)
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Waste Valorization & Management
RESOURCE RECOVERYEnergy & Value-added
By-productsWASTE MANAGEMENT
Volume reduction
Environmentally friendly Bio-Technology
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
A wide variety of Wastes: Cellulose-rich Clinical Wastes, MSW,Food wastes, Print & card wastes
NUI, Galway Thermozyme cocktail: Bioconversion ofCellulose-rich PAPER wastes
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Ethanol (g/l)% Ethanol yield
NUI, GalwayThermozymes
Paper productsbefore treatment
After 6 h
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Ethanol production
Visible changes in paper products
No Enzyme treatment Enzyme treatment for 24 h
Reduced reaction time at 65-80oCNo chemical pre-treatment required – shredding or roughmaceration enhances sugar yield
XyloseGlucose
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
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Range of Paper products screened
• Newsprint• Office Paper• Brown paper & Card• Coloured print & Card• Glossy print• Catering products• Tissue products• Packaging
Process parameters:PretreatmentTemperaturepHDuration of reactionMoisture content
Steam pretreatment > chemical pretreatment
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Feedstocks for Biogas production
Target Biomass Substrate
Sugar-rich hydrolyzate
Anaerobic Digestion
Thermozyme treatment
Biogas
Other gases
~45-65% Methane
Shorter Retention times –potential for higher loadingrates and reduced reactor size/costs
Upflow Anaerobic Hybrid Reactors
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Sources of OFMSW (Food Waste – Nonanimal)
Catering &Restaurants
DomesticUniversity Caterers
Local Coffee shops
Fruit & VegetableSuppliers
Fruit processors
Alcoholic beverageproducers
Bakery & Confectionery
Florists
Grain processors
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
% Conversion of Food waste polysaccharides:65.4-94% on a DW basis. In addition, 72.0-92.5%of the available carbohydrate was converted toreducing sugars at 24 h and 72.8-96.2% at 72 h.~18-30% = monosaccharides; remainder = di &trisaccharides
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Mixed Food Waste
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% Conversion of Available Carbohydrate in Mixed Food Waste
% Conversion
Fermentable sugars(leachate)
3.5d/~40oC
Biogas: 317 kWh/tonne(Heat for 10.8-17.8 houses p.a.)
Food Waste
Thermozyme40oC
71-83% conversion
+ E
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
Unsorted MSW%Conversion of Carbohydrate in Biodegradable fraction of Initial
waste
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Incubation time
%C
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100 E (Initial)
No E(Initial)
~40% of the Biodegradablefraction
Fermentable sugars(leachate)
6 h/~40oCThermozyme
0 h 6 h
Yield can be increased ~2-fold at 70oC>80-85% is monosaccharide;remainder = di- and higher oligo-saccharides.Glc ~ 50-55%; Fru ~29-33%.
Methane: 40-60% of biogas
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
awards; Innovation Partnership; IP protection; Start-up and IP protection);DAF/FIRM and RSF NDP HEA; European Union; EPA – ERTDI
MGBG Team, NUI, GalwayBioEnzTech team & Eirzyme, NUI, Galway; Prof. E. Colleran and Prof.V. O’Flaherty, Dept. of Microbiology, NUI, GalwayTTO, NUI, Galway
Teagasc Oakpark Research Centre, CarlowInternational Collaborators:VTT, Helsinki, Finland; KTH, Stockholm; RUGhent, Belgium
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008
The Future: Power to the Plants!!
Copyright to National University of Ireland, Galway, 2008