APPLIED AND MICROBIOLOGY - journals.asm.orgAPPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY VOLUME 36 * NUMBER 6 * DECEMBER 1978 EDITORIAL BOARD MARVIN P. BRYANT, Editor-in-Chief(1981) University
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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGYVOLUME 36 * NUMBER 6 * DECEMBER 1978
EDITORIAL BOARDMARVIN P. BRYANT, Editor-in-Chief (1981)
University of Illinois, Urbana
R. H. DEIBEL, Editor (1981)University of Wisconsin, Madison
A. L. DEMAIN, Editor (1981)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
MARTIN S. FAVERO, Editor (1980)Centerfor Disease Control, Phoenix, Ariz.JAMES M. TIEDJE, Editor (1979)
Michigan State University, East Lansing
Bernard J. Abbott (1980)Martin Alexander (1980)Milton J. Allison (1980)Ronald Atlas (1980)Richard Bartha (1979)Robert T. Belly (1978)Joan W. Bennett (1981)Martha D. Berliner (1980)Jerome Birnbaum (1979)Thomas L. Bott (1980)Charles Boylen (1979)Thomas Brock (1980)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1980)Lloyd B. Bullerman (1980)Victor Cabelli (1979)Paul E. Came (1979)William R. Chesbro (1979)Tom D. Y. Chin (1980)Alex Ciegler (1980)Richard T. J. Clarke (1981)Rita R. Colwell (1980)Richard A. Consigli (1979)Charles Cooney (1979)Joseph J. Cooney (1980)Jacob A. Donkersloot (1979)Steven W. Drew (1981)Charles L. Duncan (1979)
Richard Elander (1979)Beatrice England (1980)Jerald C. Ensign (1980)Carl B. Fliermans (1978)Heinz G. Floss (1980)Dennis Focht (1979)Edwin E. Geldreich (1979)John M. Goepfert (1979)Richard E. Goldstrand (1979)Reinaldo F. Gomez (1979)Bruce Hamilton (1981)Robert D. Hamilton (1979)Richard S. Hanson (1978)Paul A. Hartman (1980)Melvin T. Hatch (1978)Charles W. Hendricks (1980)Robert B. Hespell (1980)Lillian V. Holdeman (1979)David H. Hubbell (1978)John J. landolo (1980)M. B. Ingle (1979)Holger W. Jannasch (1978)Edward Katz (1979)Donald A. Klein (1978)Michael J. Klug (1980)Roger Knowles (1979)Paul Lemke (1979)Carol Litchfield (1980)
Joseph L. Melnick (1980)Thomas L. Miller (1979)Claude H. Nash (1981)Eldor A. Paul (1980)W. J. Payne (1979)C. A. Reddy (1979)Antonio H. Romano (1980)Dwayne Savage (1979)Oldrich K. Sebek (1980)John McN. Sieburth (1978)Anthony J. Sinskey (1979)Peter Skaliy (1978)William H. Sperber (1980)James T. Staley (1980)Mortimer P. Starr (1978)Jon H. Tuttle (1980)Carl Vanderzant (1979)Donald Vesley (1978)Claude Vezina (1979)D. 1. C. Wang (1978)William J. Wiebe (1980)Fred D. Williams (1980)R. P. Williams (1978)G. N. Wogan (1980)Alan G. Wolin (1980)Meyer J. Wolin (1979)William Yotis (1979)
Robert A. Day, Managing EditorGisella Pollock, Assistant Managing Editor
Cheryl Cross, Production Editor1913 1 St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 20006
EX OFFICIOEdwin H. Lennette, President (1978-1979)
J. Mehsen Joseph, Secretary
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, a publication of theAmerican Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St., N.W., Washing-ton, D.C. 20006, is devoted to the advancement and dissemina-tion of applied knowledge as well as ecological knowledge, bothapplied and fundamental, concerning microorganisms. Instruc-tions to Authors are published in the January issue each year.Applied and Environmental Microbiology is published monthly,two volumes per year. The nonmember subscription price is $70per year. The member subscription price is S16 per year. Singlecopies are $6.00. Correspondence relating to subscriptions, non-receipt ofjournals, reprints, defective copies, availability of backissues, and lost or late proofs should be directed to the ASMPublications Office, 1913 1 St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006(area 202-833-9680).
Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. 20006, and at
Willis A. Wood, President-Elect (1978-1979)Brinton M. Miller, Treasurer
The code at the top of the tirst page of an article in this journalindicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the articlemay be made for personal use, or for personal use of specificclients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that thecopier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clear-ance Center. Inc.. P.O. Box 765. Schenectady. New York 12301.for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of theU.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kindsof copying. such as copying for general distribution, for advertis-ing or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works,or for resale.
Author IndexAgureo, Sonia M., 839Arny, D. C., 831Ashley, Carol S., 889, 898
Babich, H., 906Ball, L., 959Becker-Birck, Jenny, 926Berg, Gerald, 880Berman, Donald, 880Bitton, Gabriel, 982Bjorklund, N.-E., 920Bothast, R. J., 885Brown, Gerald A., 880Burbridge, K. A., 885
Caldwell, Bruce A., 979Carlsson, B., 920Carlton, William W., 819Carpenter, M. R., 802Carson, Loretta A., 839Chet, Ilan, 847Ciegler, A., 885Cullimore, D. R., 959
Dahling, Daniel R., 880Dehority, Burk A., 953Dietz, Allan S., 966Dudas, Istvan, 962
Edmonds, Robert L., 972Ewetz, L., 790
Fan, F. F., 814Farrah, Samuel R., 982Fattal, B., 824Favero, Martin S., 839
Goldberg, D., 824Gross, D. C., 936
Harrison, Arthur P., Jr., 861Hokby, E., 920Hong, Soobok, 819Hult, K., 920
Iturriaga, Rodolfo, 926
Jarvis, Audrey W., 785Jensen, A. H., 885Jurasek, L., 802
Katzenelson, E., 824Konowalchuk, J., 798Kuykendall, L. David, 915
Larsen, L. D., 944Lewis, Michael J., 851Lindow, S. E., 831Littke, Willis, 972
McKay, L. L., 944Mah, Robert A., 870Mattos, Wilson R. S., 953Mitchell, Ralph, 847Monti-Bragadin, C., 794
Orellana, R. G., 814
Paice, M. G., 802Palumbo, S. A., 857Parker, J. H., 969Patel, Purushottam C., 851
Petersen, Norman J., 839
Quatrano, Ralph S., 979
Richards, Gary P., 975Robbers, James E., 819Rogers, R. F., 885Rutqvist, L., 920
Sadovski, A. Y., 824Sharpe, Anthony N., 962Shuval, H. I., 824Sjoblad, Roy D., 847Smilie, L. B., 802Smith, J. L., 857Smith, Michael R., 870S0rensen, Jan, 809Speirs, J. I., 798Stotzky, G., 906
Thore, A., 790Tuite, John, 819
Upper, C. D., 831
Venturini, Sandra, 794Vesonder, R. F., 885Vidaver, A. K., 936
Ward, Richard L., 889, 898Weber, Deane F., 915
Yayanos, A. Aristides, 966
Zimmermann, Reinhard, 926
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The following have served as invited special reviewers for the Journal during 1978, and their help
is greatly appreciated.
Danny E. AkinBruce N. AmesThomas BauchopPaul BaumannMerlin S. BergdollMichael BetlachB. Ben BohloolJean-Marc BollagWalter W. Bond"David BooneDan BotkinJack BremnerJohn BreznakCorale L. BrierleyWinston J. BrillThomas D. BrockRobert BrubakerMary K. BruchWilliam BrullaJoe C. BurtonSheril D. BurtonPhillip CarlLoretta A. CarsonGlenn H. ChamblissVincent P. CirilloRichard T. J. ClarkeDean 0. CliverSidney CohenG. S. ColemanJohn W. CostertonTom CornerDonald C. CoxDon L. CrawfordCharles CressRobert DarrowFrank B. DazzoBurk A. DehorityJohn W. DoranGordon R. DreesmanSteven W. DrewPatrick R. DuganMercedes EdwardsBoyd EllisJames G. FerryHoward A. FieldsWilliam FinnertyMelvin S. FinsteinMary FirestoneRick FirestoneRolf G. FreterIrwin Fridovich
Charles GerbaRuth GordonDavid GottliebAllan HabermanBruce K. HamiltonPat HamiltonFranklin HaroldL. HarounJ. Woodland HastingsA. Wallace HaysRobert HespellDonald HewsonCalvin HiggensW. Fred HinkJohn C. HoffDavid HopwoodR. E. HungateSeymour H. HutnerPhillip B. HylemonEugene L. IannottiDonovan JohnsonD. M. KarlHenry KasparDennis KeeneyGary KingWesley E. KloosJordan KoniskyPatrick J. KonkelAnita KoupalLawrence R. KoupalMalcolm LathamJames M. LeatherwoodRichard LechowichErwin LesselJames A. LippincottJohn LockwoodJack P. LondonR. LonginPerry McCartyMichael J. McInerneyLarry L. McKayRobert A. MacleodRobert MahLeroy R. MakiGeorge MallisonKarl MaramoroschRobert E. MarquisF. MatsumaraKristien MertelmansSally A. MeyerTerry L. Miller
Clifford S. MintzRalph MitchellRichard MoritaLawrence K. NakamuraClaude H. NashC. F. Niven, Jr.George OrdalPeter A. PatteeRonald PearlmanJerome J. PerryNorman J. PetersenIrving PflugHerman J. PhaffDonald PhillipsGrace L. PiccioloRaoul F. ReiserG. Yull RheeJ. W. N. RuddAbigail SalyersPasquale V. ScarpinoEdward J. SchantzEdwin L. SchmidtKarel SchubertDavid M. SedlockA. ShinmyoVincent F. SimmonE. Ruth SimmonsPaul H. SmithScott SmithRichard StaplesA. StarkStanley E. Stevens, Jr.Guenther StotzkyH. SugiyamaDavid TaplinHoward M. TeminJohn A. TrollerBonnie TylerEdward VossGraham WalkerStanley W. WatsonLawrence G. WayneArthur WellingerD. T. WicklowWilliam J. WiebeT. M. WoodRichard T. WrightJan ZeevaartAlexander ZehnderDave Zuberer
1979 Full Membership-American Society for Microbiology
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The Society welcomes to full membership any person who is interested in its objects, and who holds a bachelor'sdegree in microbiology or a related field (or who has had training and experience equivalent to that represented by abachelor's degree).The minimum annual membership assessment is $28 which includes a $3 membership fee, $4 for subscription to
ASM News, and $21 toward subscriptions to the Society's scientific journals. The Society publishes eight scientificjournals (listed below). Members may subscribe to one or more of these journals at special member rates; $21 of theminimum dues payment of $28 may be credited towards journal subscriptions. In addition, the Society publishes themonthly ASM News, which is sent to all members and contains news and announcements of interest to all microbiologists.Memberships are initiated and renewed as of 1 January each year. Unless there are directions to the contrary, member-
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Journal of Bacteriology (JB) .......... .................................. 1. $22 $30Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (AAC)............................ 2. $16 $19
Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM)........................... 3. $17 $22International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB)....................... 4. $15 $15
Journal of Virology (JVI).............................................. 5. $21 $26Journal of Clinical Microbiology (JCM)................................... 6. $16 $19
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RATES ARE FOR 1979 ONLYPlease enclose payment with application.
1979 Student MembershipAmerican Society for Microbiology
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Any regularly matriculated student major in microbiology or a related field is eligible for election as a Student Member.Student Members have all privileges of membership except the right to vote and hold office in the Society.
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1. 1979 Dues (includes ASM News)............................................................ $2.50
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Journal of Bacteriology (JB)............................................Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (AAC)...........................Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM)..........................International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB)......................Journal of Virology (JVI).............................................Journal of Clinical Microbiology (JCM)..................................Microbiological Reviews (MR).........................................Infection and Immunity (IAI)..........................................
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ASm Conference onRquatic microbial Ecology
Clearwater Beach, Florida7-1 0 February 1979
An ASM Conference will be held 7-10 February 1979 to cover the subject of aquaticmicrobial ecology, including basic principles, methods and applications to problemsof pollution, to develop strategies and outline methods for microbial ecology thatwould be suitable for large scale studies designed to evaluate environmental impactof activities such as the Outer Continental Shelf exploration for gas and oil andsimilar projects. Another focus of the Conference will be on how microbialecologists can be incorporated into "disaster task forces" for advice, counsel andassistance in crises such as oil spills, eutrophy, anoxia,or related events portendingpotentially serious environmental impact.Many activities are carried out that should be based on microbiological infor-
mation; for example, mining of manganese nodules in the open ocean, dumpingwastewater sludge, releasing effluent from chemical industries, dumping of cellardirt and construction spoils, etc. The effects at the microbiological level can beimmediate and serious, yet the principles, methods and procedures of microbialecology have not been treated in sufficient detail to provide a means for evaluatingenvironmental effects at the microbiological level.The Conference will be directed to the microbial ecologist working in the aquatic
environment, both freshwater and marine and also to individuals interested ininteraction between pollutants and microbial activities in natural waters. The func-tioning of natural systems and the measurement of known or potential effectsand the ability of the microbial system to respond, or assimilate, to allochthonousmaterial will be examined by participants at the Conference. A workshop formatwill be followed with invited speakers for each session.
The following sessions have been organized:1. Effects of Environmental Stress on Microorganisms.2. Effects of Microorganisms on Environmental Processes.3. Microbiological Methods in Environmental Assessment.4. Biogeochemistry of the Aquatic Environment.5. Microbial Indicators of Environmental Quality.
The Organizing Committee is Rita R. Colwell (Chairman), Martin Alexander,John W. Costerton, Joan Foster, Holger Jannasch, Carol D. Litchfield,Ralph Mitchell, and James T. Staley.The Final Program, and preregistration and hotel reservation forms areavailable from the Executive Secretary, ASM, 1913 I Street, NW,Washington, D C 20006.
AUTHOR INDEX
VOLUME 36
Aalund, O., 720Agureo, Sonia M., 839Akin, Danny E., 513Albanese, Ernest, 25Alexander, Martin, 668Amos, Henry E., 513Ang, Barbara J., 625Amy, D. C., 831Ashley, Carol S., 198, 889, 898
Babich, H., 906Bacon, J. S. D., 160Bagley, Susan T., 178, 536Bailey, James E., 615Baldwin, J. N., 368Baldwin, K. A., 360Baldwin, R. L., 319Balish, Edward, 144Ball, L., 959Baranosky, L. J., 47Bardell, D., 774Baresi, Larry, 186Barles, Robert W., 776Baross, John A., 492, 500Barrett, James T., 306Beckwith, C. A., 47Becker-Birck, Jenny, 926Bednarski, Mary Ann, 115Belser, L. W., 584, 589Berg, Gerald, 880Bergdoll, Merlin S., 421Bergstrom, S. L., 473Berman, Donald, 880Bezdicek, D. F., 780Bills, D. D., 620Bitton, Gabriel, 982Bjorklund, N.-E., 920Bothast, R. J., 885Bott, Thomas L., 673Brierley, James A., 523Brinkley, A. W., 530Brock, Thomas D., 572Brockett, R. M., 243Brodsky, M. H., 36Brown, Gerald A., 880Brown, James F., 144Brown, Martha, 31Buchi, G., 412Burbridge, K. A., 533, 885
Calder6n, I. L., 639Caldwell, Bruce A., 979Campbell, Benedict J., 306Carlsson, B., 920Carlsson, Jan, 223Carlton, William W., 819Carpenter, M. R., 802Carrick, Robert J., 121
Carson, Loretta A., 839Cerda-Olmedo, E., 639Chet, Ilan, 847Chin, David, 776Ciebin, B. W., 36Ciegler, A., 408, 533, 613, 885Ciegler, J., 533Claridge, C. A., 63Cliver, Dean O., 68Cook, Alasdair M., 668Cornell, J. H., 693Crawford, Allan M., 18Crawford, Ronald L., 539Cullimore, D. R., 959
Dahl, M. C., 47Dahling, Daniel R., 880Daud, H. B., 650Daughton, Christian G., 668David, Carol Ann, 291Debeaupuis, J. P., 8Dehority, Burk A., 953Deibel, R. H., 567Delihas, N. C., 47Demain, A. L., 412Dietz, Allan S., 966Dinsdale, D., 160Diotte, Marcel P., 76Dockins, William S., 341Dodd, David J., 627Doddema, Hans J., 752Dudas, Istvan, 76, 962du Moulin, Gary C., 771
Eagon, R. G., 257Edmonds, Robert L., 972Emborg, C., 618Endo, Akira, 237Enevold, Karl C., 776Eriksen, W. H., 618Erickson, J. E., 567Esch, Gerald W., 731Ewetz, L., 790Eylan, E., 397
Fan, F. F., 814Fan, P. L., 549Farrah, Samuel R., 81, 982Fattal, B., 824Faulkner, Peter, 18, 31Favero, Martin S., 839Ferchak, John D., 606Ferguson, J. K., 243Finke, Linda R., 129Fischer, J. R., 555Francis, G. L., 643Fliermans, Carl B., 731, 739Freischel, Michael R., 394
i
Gallili, G. E., 213Gauthier, Christine A., 457Gawthorne, J. M., 643Gazit, A., 377Gerba, C. P., 247Gerba, Charles P., 81Geier, Mark R., 445Gilbert, Maureen F., 615Gleason, Dave, 705Goldberg, D., 824Giles, Janis, 465Gill, C. O., 356, 375Gombas, David E., 403Gomez, Reinaldo F., 403Grant, G. A., 43Grau, Frederick H., 230Gross, D. C., 936
Hagerdal, Barbel G. R., 606Hald, B., 720Hamada, Sukekazu, 314Han, Y. W., 43Hanson, R. S., 105Harrison, Arthur P., Jr., 861Harrison, Susan J., 710Hayashi, Emiko, 264Hazen, Terry C., 731Henney, M. R., 243Hentges, David J., 306Hesseltine, C. W., 533Hickey, C. S., 210Hirsch, Robert P., 731Hirt, William, 56Hitokoto, Hiroshi, 252Ho, Helen H., 480Hokby, E., 920Holmes, Paul, 394Hong, Soobok, 819Hsieh, F.-H., 284Huhtanen, C. N., 620Hult, K., 920Hurst, Christon J., 81
Iandolo, John J., 389lannotti, E. L., 555Ikeda, M., 487Ishiguro, Naotaka, 217Ishii, Takahiko, 381Isquith, A. J., 700Israilides, C. J., 43Iturriaga, Rodolfo, 926Ivey, F. J., 210
Jackson, L. K., 408Jarvis, Audrey W., 785Jeffries, T. W., 594Jensen, A. H., 885Jensen, Harold R., 121
ii AUTHOR INDEX
Johnston, W. M., 549Jurasek, L., 802
Kafkewitz, David, 25Kalmakoff, James, 18Kaneko, Ken-ichi, 314Kaplan, A. M., 693Kaplan, Isaac R., 186Karl, D. M., 349Kasai, Yumi, 314Kaspar, Heinrich F., 1Kasweck, K. L., 739Kato, Elichi, 314Katzenelson, E., 824Kawai, Yasuo, 381Kelch, W. J., 450Khan, S. N., 270Kikuchi, Masakazu, 52Kobbe, B., 412Konopka, Allan, 572Konowalchuk, J., 798Krug, Elizabeth, 56Kuhn, Inger, 688Kurata, Hiroshi, 252Kuydendall, L. David, 915
Lafont, P., 8Lance, J. C., 247Landry, E. F., 47Landry, Edward F., 544Lapen, R. F., 95Larkin, Edward P., 432Larkin, John M., 755Larsen, L. D., 944Lee, J. S., 450Leistner, L., 377Lennette, Edwin H., 480Lewis, A. R., 715Lewis, Michael J., 851Lillehoj, E. B., 720Lim, Henry C., 56Lindow, S. E., 831Liston, John, 492, 500Littke, Willis, 972L6pez-Diaz, I., 639Losikoff, Mary E., 386Lotter, L. P., 377
McCollum, C. J., 700McFeters, Gordon A., 341McKay, L. L., 360, 944McMeekin, T. A., 650MacMillan, J. D., 594McQuitty, Donald N., 615Maggon, K. K., 270Mah, Robert A., 186, 870Mahler, R. L., 780Mann, J. W., 594Marbach, A., 169Mateles, R. I., 213Matsuo, K., 412Mattos, Wilson R. S., 953Melnick, Joseph L., 81Merril, C. R., 445Meyer-Reil, Lutz-Arend, 506
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
Michaud, Gregory L., 76Miller, Barbara A., 421Miller, Robert V., 724Mislivec, Philip B., 552Mitchell, Ralph, 847Moats, W. A., 747Monti-Bragadin, C., 794Moo-Young, M., 284Morita, Richard Y., 492, 500Morotomi, Masami, 381Morozumi, Satoshi, 252, 577Morris, E. Jane, 160Morrison, W. D., 724Morrow, Jan E., 178Mott, G. E., 530Mrsny, Randall J., 776Murillo, F. J., 639Mutai, Masahiko, 381
Nakazawa, Teruko, 264Newton, K. G., 375Nickerson, Kenneth W., 625Nottingham, P. M., 356Nyberg, Goran, 223
Oberkotter, Linda V., 205O'Brien, W. J., 549Ohta, Y., 487Oka, Chiaki, 217Olley, June, 650Olson, Betty H., 438Olson, Patricia Perkins, 539Orellana, R. G., 814Osman, S. F., 260Oxborrow, G. S., 473
Pacha, R. E., 95Paice, M. G., 802Palumbo, S. A., 857Pamment, N., 284Papoutsakis, Eleftherios, 56Parker, J. H., 969Patel, Purushottam C., 851Peeler, J. T., 473Penney, N., 356Perlman, D., 52Perry, Albert, 526Petersen, Norman J., 839Peterson, R. E., 613Pflug, Irving J., 457Port, Jennifer, 465Presswood, William G., 90Prince, Herbert N., 392Puleo, J. R., 473Pye, E. Kendall, 606
Quatrano, Ralph S., 979
Rake, Barbara W., 278Reichgott. Michael, 662Reiser, Raoul F., 421Reisner, Gerald S., 384Reporter, Minocher, 115Richards, Gary P., 975Riggs, John L., 480
Robach, M. C., 210Robbers, James E., 819Robertson, John H., 705Robinson, C. W., 284Robinson, Orson R., Jr., 526Rogenmuser, Kurt, 673Rogers, R. F., 885Rolfe, Rial D., 306Romero, P., 257Rosenberg, Fred A., 205Rowe, J. J., 257Rubin, Howard E., 623Russell, James B., 319Rutqvist, L., 920
Sadovski, A. Y., 824Sakai, Senzo, 252Salo, Richard J., 68Sato, Gihei, 217Sattar, Syed A., 427Sayler, G. S., 724Schiemann, D. A., 274Schmidt, E. L., 584, 589Schmidt, Nathalie J., 480Schmitz, Henry, 63Seeley, H. W., Jr., 129Seidler, Ramon J., 178, 536Shafer, William M., 389Sharpe, Anthony N., 76, 962Shibley, George P., 526Shilo, M., 169Shuval, H. I., 824Sievers, D. M., 555Sjoblad, Roy D., 847Smillie, L. B., 802Smith, Geraldine M., 457Smith, J. L., 857Smith, Michael R., 870Sobsey, Mark D., 121Soderhall, Kenneth, 655S0rensen, Jan, 139, 809Spanier, J., 465Speirs, J. I., 798Spoelstra, Sierk F., 631Stack, Michael E., 552Stanbro, Helen, 445Stark, A. A., 412Sterpu, Ion, 201Stevenson, L. Harold, 662Stinson, E. E., 620Storer, G. B., 643Stottmeier, Kurt D., 771Stotzky, G., 906Strayer, Richard F., 330Strohl, William R., 755Strong, Diane K., 90Stutzenberger, Fred, 201Svensson, Ebbe, 655
Takiguchi, Yo, 658Talbot, Henry W., Jr., 178Terao, Michiya, 658Thayer, D. W., 291Thomas, Bruce R., 776Thomas, McHarrell Z., 544
VOL. 36, 1978
Thomason, Berenice M., 627Thore, A., 790Tiedje, James M., 330Tierney, John T., 432Timoney, John F., 465Totten, P. A., 368Tsao, G. T., 56Tsuji, Kiyoshi, 705, 710, 715Tsujita, Yoshio, 237Tuite, John, 819
Unestam, Torgny, 655Upper, C. D., 831
Varness, Kevin J., 95Varon, M., 11
AUTHOR INDEX
Vaughn, J. M., 47Vaughn, James M., 544Venkitasubramanian, T. A., 270Venturini, Sandra, 794Vesonder, R. F., 885Vicale, Thomas J., 544Vidaver, A. K., 936Vogels, Godfried D., 752
Walker, M. C., 549Ward, David M., 186Ward, Richard L., 198, 889, 898Wauke, Tomoaki, 252Weber, Deane F., 915Wendt, T. M., 693Westwood, J. C. N., 427
Wheelis, Mark L., 776Wilkins, Judd R., 683Williams, D. R., 257Wilson, C. R., 368Wogan, G. N., 412Wolf, H. J., 105Wrethen, Jan, 223Wright, Richard T., 297Wuhrmann, Karl, 1
Yagen, B., 213Yaniv, A., 397Yayanos, A. Aristides, 966Yoshikawa, Hiroji, 658
Zeigler, B. P., 11Zimmermann, Reinhard, 926
*m
SUBJECT INDEX
VOLUME 36
Acetate enrichmenteffect of methanogenic substrates and inhibitors,
186Acetylene inhibition technique
denitrification rates in marine sediment, 139Acetylene reduction
by epiphytes of freshwater macrophytes, 129Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Epifluorescence microscopycombination with autoradiography, 506number and spectrum of actively metabolizing bac-
teria, 50612,13-Epoxytrichothecenes
microbial and chemical transformations, 63Escherichia coli
citrate-positive variants, 217DNA polymerase I deficient, 794effect of hydrostatic tensile stress on growth, 549effect of reactor cooling waters on survival, 739indicator organism in stressed habitats, 739lactose variability, 739thermal death and transport inactivation, 230
Escherichia coli-like variantsconjugative R plasmids, 217isolation from domestic pigeons, pigs, cattle, and
horses, 217
Fecal coliform recoveryM-FC medium with and without rosolic acid, 90
Flow microfluorimetrydiauxic batch growth of S. cerevisiae, 615
Fluorescence microscopyimproved technique for methanogen identification,
752Food microbiology
use of HGMF, 76Forage tissuesrumen protozoal degradation, 513
Formaldehydeincorporation by a new methanol-oxidizing bacte-
rium, 56Freshwater environmentphage-mediated P. aeruginosa transduction, 724
Freshwater sedimentsBeggiatoa enumeration, 755
Fumitoxinsnew mycotoxins from A. fumigatus Fres, 8
Mucosal enzyme activitygastrointestinal microflora of rats, 381
Mutagen detectionDNA polymerase I-deficient E. coli, 794
Mycobacteria, atypicalgrowth in water, 839resistance to disinfectants, 839
Mycotoxicosis in micexanthomegnin and viomellein production by Asper-
gillus, 819Mycotoxins
detection in herbal drugs, 252Myeloma type C viruses
stabilization by chicken egg yolk, 397
Nephropathycaused by ochratoxin A, 920
New York Bight sedimentheavy-metal and antibiotic resistance in flora, 465
Nitrate-starch-iodide agar mediumbacterial nitrite production from nitrate, 384
Nitric oxidein coastal marine sediment, 809
Nitrite productionnitrate-starch-iodide agar medium, 384
Nitrogenase activityfree-living rhizobia, 115
Nitrogen fixationby epiphytes of freshwater macrophytes, 129
Nitrous oxidein coastal marine sediment, 809
Nonfecal coliformscellular site(s) of temperature sensitivity, 341
Nuclear polyhedrosis virusesplaque assay, 31
Nucleosidesgrowth inhibition of S. natans and Beggiatoa sp.,
658
Ochratoxin AAspergillus and Penicillium spp., 720bioproduction in submerged culture, 720cause of nephropathy in pigs, 920high-pressure liquid chromatography, 613purification method, 613
Oerskoviayeast cell wall-degrading enzymes, 594
Oilsno. 2 fuel, Nigerian crude, and used crankcase, 673toxicity of water-soluble constituents, 673water extracts, effects on algae, 673
Platinum electrodesfor detecting and enumerating bacteria, 683
Poliovirusadsorbed to membrane filters, 982ammonia and related compounds, effects, 198antiviral activity of apple beverages, 798dependent on elution material, 982efficiency of beef extract for recovery, 544recoverv from wastewater, 544removal from primary and secondary sewage, 247
Polysaccharidesfrom macroalgae, 979isolation of a marine bacterium, 979
Poultry spoilage bacteriaeffect of temperatures, 650
Predator-prey interactionat low prey density, 11
Primary effluents, chlorinatedviral pollution of surface waters, 427
Soybean rhizobiagenetic markers for identification, 915population displacement, 915
Soybeansmycotoxin production by S. sclerotiorum, 533
Spacecraftterminal dry-heat decontamination, 473
Specific activity indexheterotrophic bacteria of natural waters, 297
Sphaerotilus natansselective growth inhibition by nucleosides, 658
Staphylococcal enterotoxinsdetection in food, 421RIA procedure for detection, 421
Staphylococcus aureusau. for growth and enterotoxin A formation, 377enterotoxin A, a chromosomal gene product, 389injury during sausage fermentation, 857
Viomelleinproduction by A. ochraceus, P. cyclopium, and P.
viridicatum, 552production by Aspergillus, 819
Viral pollutionchlorinated primary effluents, 427
Virusesrecovery from wastewater and fecal samples, 480
Virus thermal inactivation datasources of error, 432variations in reported virus resistance, 432
Vomitoxinstudy of field corn, 885
Wastewater
coliforms as virus indicators, 880enterovirus recovery, 480
Wastewater effluentspoliovirus recovery, 544
Wastewater irrigationcontamination of vegetables, 824drip method, 824
Wastewater sludgedetergents, 889dewatered, 898thermal stability of viruses, 889, 898
Water activityS. aureus growth, 377
Water decontaminationcetylpyridinium chloride, 771mycobacterial culture, 771
Water environmentsgrowth of atypical mycobacteria, 839
Xanthomegninproduction by A. ochraceus, P. cyclopium, and P.
viridicatum, 552production in Aspergillus, 819
Xylanase Afrom S. commune, 802production, 802
D-Xylose isomeraseD-lyxose as substrate, 969
Yersinia enterocoliticain cheese manufacture, 274in house rats, 314in milk, 274
Zinctoxicity to fungi, bacteria, and coliphages, 906
Zonal gradient centrifugationB. thuringiensis protein crystal, purification, 625
x SUBJECT INDEX
APPLIED AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
MICROBIOLOGY
VOLUME 36
WASHINGTON, D C 20006
1978
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY
VOLUME 36 * 1978
EDITORIAL BOARDMARVIN P. BRYANT, Editor-in-Chiej (1981)
University of Illinois, Urbana
R. H. DEIBEL, Editor (1981)University of Wisconsin, Madison
A. L. DEMAIN, Editor (1981)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
MARTIN S. FAVERO, Editor (1980)Centerfor Disease Control, Phoenix, Ariz.
JAMES M. TIEDJE, Editor (1979)Michigan State University, East Lansing
Bernard J. Aibbott (1980)Martin Alexander (1980)Milton J. Allison (1980)Ronald Atlas (1980)Richard Bartha (1979)Robert T. Belly (1978)Joan W. Bennett (1981)Martha D. Berliner (1980)Jerome Birnbaum (1979)Thomas L. Bott (1980)Charles Boylen (1979)Thomas Brock (1980)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1980)Lloyd B. Bullerman (1980)Victor Cabelli (1979)Paul E. Came (1979)William R. Chesbro (1979)Tom D. Y. Chin (1980)Alex Ciegler (1980)Richard T. J. Clarke ( 198 1)Rita R. Colwell (1980)Richard A. Consigli (1979)Charles Cooney (1979)Joseph J. Cooney (1980)Jacob A. Donkersloot (1979)Steven W. Drew (198 1)Charles L. Duncan (1979)
Richard Elander (1979)Beatrice England (1980)Jerald C. Ensign (1980)Carl B. Fliermans (1978)Heinz G. Floss (1980)Dennis Focht (1979)Edwin E. Geldreich (1979)John M. Goepfert (1979)Richard E. Goldstrand (1979)Reinaldo F. Gomez (1979)Bruce Hamilton ( 198 1)Robert D. Hamilton (1979)Richard S. Hanson (1978)Paul A. Hartman (1980)Melvin T. Hatch (1978)Charles W. Hendricks (1980)Robert B. Hespell (1980)Lillian V. Holdeman (1979)David H. Hubbell (1978)John J. landolo (1980)M. B. Ingle (1979)Holger W. Jannasch (1978)Edward Katz (1979)Donald A. Klein (1978)Michael J. Klug (1980)Roger Knowles (1979)Paul Lemke (1979)Carol Litchfield (1980)
Joseph L. Melnick (1980)Thomas L. Miller (1979)Claude H. Nash (1981)Eldor A. Paul (1980)W. J. Payne (1979)C. A. Reddy (1979)Antonio H. Romano (1980)Dwayne Savage (1979)Oldrich K. Sebek (1980)John McN. Sieburth (1978)Anthony J. Sinskey (1979)Peter Skaliy (1978)William H. Sperber (1980)James T. Staley (1980)Mortimer P. Starr ( 1978)Jon H. Tuttle (1980)Carl Vanderzant (1979)Donald Vesley (1978)Claude Vezina (1979)D. I. C. Wang (1978)William J. Wiebe (1980)Fred D. Williams (1980)R. P. Williams (1978)G. N. Wogan (1980)Alan G. Wolin (1980)Meyer J. Wolin (1979)William Yotis (1979)
Robert A. Day, Managing EditorGisella Pollock, Assistant Managing Editor
Cheryl Cross, Production Editor1913 I St., N. W., Washington, D.C. 20006
EX OFFICIOEdwin H. Lennette, President (1978-1979)
J. Mehsen Joseph, Secretary
Applied and Environmental Microbiologv, a publication of theAmerican Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St., N.W., Washing-ton, D.C. 20006, is devoted to the advancement and dissemina-tion of applied knowledge as well as ecological knowledge, bothapplied and fundamental, concerning microorganisms. Instruc-tions to Authors are published in the January issue each year.Applied and Environmental Microbiology is published monthly,two volumes per year. The nonmember subscription price is $70per year. The member subscription price is $16 per year. Singlecopies are $6.00. Correspondence relating to subscriptions, non-receipt ofjournals, reprints, defective copies, availability of backissues, and lost or late proofs should be directed to the ASMPublications Office, 1913 1 St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006(area 202-833-9680).
Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. 20006, and at
Willis A. Wood, President-Elect (1978-1979)Brinton M. Miller, Treasurer
The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journalindicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the articlemay be made for personal use, or for personal use of specificclients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that thecopier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clear-ance Center. Inc.. P.O. Box 765. Schenectady, New York 12301,for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of theU.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kindsof copying. such as copying for general distribution, for advertis-ing or promotional purposes. for creating new collective works,or for resale.
Volume 36 Contents for July 1978 Number 1
Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyEffect of Medium Composition on the Growth and Asparaginase Production of
Vibrio succinogenes. ERNEST ALBANESE AND DAVID KAFKEWITZ* .... ...... 25Characteristics of Bacteriophages for Micromonospora purpurea. MASAKAZU
KIKUCHI AND D. PERLMAN* ............ ................................. 52Formaldehyde Incorporation by a New Methylotroph (L3). WILLIAM HIRT,
ELEFTHERIOS PAPOUTSAKIS, ELIZABETH KRUG, HENRY C. LIM,* AND G. T.TSAO ............................................................. 56
Microbial and Chemical Transformations of ;Some 12,13-Epoxytrichothec-9,10-enes. C. A. CLARIDGE* AND HENRY SCHMITZ ...... ....................... 63
Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium organophilum. H. J. WOLF ANDR. S. HANSON* ........................................................ 105
Effect of Municipal Refuse Metals on Cellulase Production by Thermomonosporacurvata. FRED STUTZENBERGER* AND ION STERPU ...... .................. 201
Extracellular Endo-,B-1,4-Glucanase in Cellvibrio vulgaris. LINDA V. OBERKOT-TER* AND FRED A. ROSENBERG ........... ................................ 205
Food Microbiology and ToxicologySugar Level, Fermentability, and Acceptability of Straw Treated with Different
Acids. C. J. ISRAILIDES, G. A. GRANT, AND Y. W. HAN* ..... .............. 43Inactivation of Enteroviruses by Ascorbic Acid and Sodium Bisulfite. RICHARD J.
SALO AND DEAN 0. CLIVER* ............ ................................. 68Automated Food Microbiology: Potential for the Hydrophobic Grid-Membrane
Filter. ANTHONY N. SHARPE,* MARCEL P. DIOTTE, ISTVAN DUDAS, ANDGREGORY L. MICHAUD.................................................. 76
System for Evaluating Clostridial Inhibition in Cured Meat Products. M. C.ROBACH, * F. J. IVEY, AND C. S. HICKEY ........ .......................... 210
MycotoxinsFumitoxins, New Mycotoxins from Aspergillus fumigatus Fres. J. P. DEBEAU-
PUIS AND P. LAFONT.................................................... 8
Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyImproved Medium for Recovery and Enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
from Water Using Membrane Filters. M. H. BRODSKY* AND B. W. CIEBIN .. 36Survey of Human Virus Occurrence in Wastewater-Recharged Groundwater on
Long Island. J. M. VAUGHN,* E. F. LANDRY, L. J. BARANOSKY, C. A.BECKWITH, M. C. DAHL, AND N. C. DELIHAS ....... ....................... 47
Development of Quantitative Methods for the Detection of Enteroviruses inSewage Sludges During Activation and Following Land Disposal. CHRISTONJ. HURST, SAMUEL R. FARRAH, CHARLES P. GERBA, AND JOSEPH L. MELNICK* 81
Modification of M-FC Medium by Eliminating Rosolic Acid. WILLIAM G. PRESS-WOOD* AND DIANE K. STRONG ........... ................................ 90
Effects of Dispersed Recreational Activities on the Microbiological Quality ofForest Surface Water. KEVIN J. VARNESSS, R. E. PACHA,* AND R. F. LAPEN 95
Improved Methods for Detecting Enteric Viruses in Oysters. MARK D. SOBSEY,*ROBERT J. CARRICK, AND HAROLD R. JENSEN ....... ....................... 121
Isolation ofKlebsielleae from Within Living Wood. SUSAN T. BAGLEY, RAMON J.SEIDLER,* HENRY W. TALBOT, JR., AND JAN E. MORROW ..... .............. 178
* Asterisk refers to person to whom inquiries regarding the paper should be addressed.
xiii
Comparative Effects ofAmmonia and Related Compounds on Poliovirus. RICHARDL. WARD* AND CAROL S. ASHLEY ......... ............................... 198
General Microbial EcologyKinetic Parameters and Relative Turnovers of Some Important Catabolic Reac-
tions in Digesting Sludge. HEINRICH F. KASPAR AND KARL WUHRMANN* ... 1Bacterial Predator-Prey Interaction at Low Prey Density. M. VARON* AND B. P.ZEIGLER.11
Expression of Rhizobial Nitrogenase: Influence of Plant Cell-Conditioned Me-dium. MARY ANN BEDNARSKI AND MINOCHER REPORTER* ..... ............ 115
Nitrogen Fixation (Acetylene Reduction) by Epiphytes of Freshwater Macro-phytes. LINDA R. FINKE AND H. W. SEELEY, JR.* ..... ................... 129
Denitrification Rates in a Marine Sediment as Measured by the AcetyleneInhibition Technique. JAN SORENSEN ....... ............................ 139
Gastrointestinal Microecology of BALB/c Nude Mice. JAMES F. BROWN ANDEDWARD BALISH*...................................................... 144
Electron Microscopy of the Microbial Populations Present and Their Modes ofAttack on Various Cellulosic Substrates Undergoing Digestion in SheepRumen. D. DINSDALE,* E. JANE MORRIS, AND J. S. D. BACON .... ......... 160
Dependence of Marine Bdellovibrios on Potassium, Calcium, and MagnesiumIons. A. MARBACH AND M. SHILO* ........ .............................. 169
Methanogenesis from Acetate: Enrichment Studies. LARRY BARESI, ROBERT A.MAH,* DAVID M. WARD, AND ISAAC R. KAPLAN ...... ..................... 186
MethodsComparison of Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassays for Baculoviruses. ALLAN M.
CRAWFORD,* PETER FAULKNER, AND JAMES KALMAKOFF ................... 18
Plaque Assay of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses in Cell Culture. MARTHA BROWN*AND PETER FAULKNER.................................................. 31
Volume 36 Contents for August 1978 Number2
Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyProgesterone Biotransformation by Plant Cell Suspension Cultures. B. YAGEN, G.
E. GALLILI, AND R. I. MATELES*.213Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide Radical Formation in Anaerobic Broth Media
Exposed to Atmospheric Oxygen. JAN CARLSSON,* GORAN NYBERG, AND JANWRETHEN.223
Significance of the Inactivation of Transport in Thermal Death of Escherichiacoli. FREDERICK H. GRAU.230
Presence and Partial Characterization of Internal Acid Protease of Aspergillusoryzae. YOSHIo TSUJITA AND AKIRA ENDO* ............................ 237
Denitrifying Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Some Parameters of Growth and ActiveTransport. D. R. WILLIAMS, J. J. ROWE, P. ROMERO, AND R. G. EAGON* .. 257
Phthalate and 4-Hydroxyphthalate Metabolism in Pseudomonas testosteroni: Pu-rification and Properties of 4,5-Dihydroxyphthalate Decarboxylase. TERUKONAKAZAWA* AND EMIKO HAYASHI.264
Growth of Chaetomium cellulolyticum on Alkali-Pretreated Hardwood SawdustSolids and Pretreatment Liquor. N. PAMMENT, M. MOO-YOUNG, F.-H. HSIEH,AND C. W. ROBINSON*.284
XiV CONTENTS
Growth of "Seeded" Cellulolytic Enrichment Cultures on Mesquite Wood. D. W.
THAYER* AND CAROL ANN DAVID.291Factors Related to the Oxygen Tolerance of Anaerobic Bacteria. RIAL D. ROLFE,*
DAVID J. HENTGES, BENEDICT J. CAMPBELL, AND JAMES T. BARRETT. 306Food Microbiology and Toxicology
Association of Yersinia enterocolitica with the Manufacture of Cheese and Occur-rence in Pasteurized Mil. D. A. SCHIEMANN..... 274
Tissue Sterility in Uneviscerated Carcasses. C. 0. GILL,* N. PENNEY, AND P.M.NOTTINGHAM... 356
Stabilization of Lactose Metabolism in Streptococcus lactis C2. L. L. MCKAY*AND K. A. BALDWIN.. 360
Storage Quality of Dark, Firm, Dry Meat. K. G. NEWTON* AND C. 0. GILL. 375Minimal Water Activity for Enterotoxin A Production and Growth of Staphylococ-
cus aureus. L. P. LOTTER AND L. LEISTNER*.377Establishment of a Heat Inactivation Curve for Clostridium botulinum 62A Toxin
in Beef Broth. MARY E. LOSIKOFF . 386Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A: a Chromosomal Gene Product. WILLIAM M.
SHAFER AND JOHN J. IANDOLO*.. 389Mycotoxins
Fungal Contamination and Mycotoxin Detection of Powdered Herbal Drugs.HIROSHI HITOKOTO,* SATOSHI MOROZUMI, TOMOAKI WAUKE, SENZO SAKAI,AND HIROSHI KURATA.. 252
Inhibition of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis by Tolnaftate. S. N. KHAN, K. K. MAGGON,AND T. A. VENKITASUBRAMANIAN*.270
Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyIsolation of Citrate-Positive Variants of Escherichia coli from Domestic Pigeons,
Pigs, Cattle, and Horses. NAOTAKA ISHIGURO,* CHIAKI OKA, AND GIHEI SATO 217Prevalence of Fungi During Skylab Missions. R. M. BROCKETT,* J. K. FERGUSON,
AND M. R. HENNEY.................. 243Poliovirus Removal from Primary and Secondary Sewage Effluent by Soil Filtra-
tion. CHARLES P. GERBA* AND J. C. LANCE.247Influence of Crossdrafts on the Performance of a Biological Safety Cabinet.
BARBARA W. RAKE... ... 278Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in House Rats. KEN-ICHI KANEKO,* SU-
KEKAZU HAMADA, YUMI KASAI, AND ELICHi KATO... 314Fecal Coliform Elevated-Temperature Test: a Physiological Basis. WILLIAM S.
DOCKINS AND GORDON A. McFETERS* .. ..... 341D-Values of Bacillus pumilus Spores on Irradiated Devices (Inoculated
Product). HERBERT N. PRINCE... ... 392H2-Producing Bacteria in Digesting Sewage Sludge Isolated on Simple, Defined
Media. PAUL HOLMES* AND MICHAEL R. FREISCHEL.... 394General Microbial Ecology
Measurement and Significance of Specific Activity in the Heterotrophic Bacteria ofNatural Waters. RICHARD T. WRIGHT.297
Substrate Preferences in Rumen Bacteria: Evidence of Catabolite RegulatoryMechanisms. JAMES B. RUSSELL AND R. L. BALDWIN*.319
Kinetic Parameters of the Conversion of Methane Precursors to Methane in aHypereutrophic Lake Sediment. RICHARD F. STRAYER AND JAMES M.TIEDJE*.330
CONTENTS xv
Occurrence and Ecological Significance of GTP in the Ocean and in MicrobialCeUs. D. M. KARL...... 349
Depression of Activity of Intestinal Mucosal Alkaline Phosphatase with Gastroin-testinal Microorganisms. YASUO KAWAI,* TAKAHIKO ISHII, MASAMI MORO-TOMI, AND MASAHIKO MUTAI ......... ... 381
MethodsRapid Procedure for the Detection of Plasmids in Staphylococcus epidermidis. C.
R. WILSON, P. A. TOTTEN, AND J. N. BALDWIN*.368Detection of Bacterial Nitrite Production from Nitrate by Nitrate-Starch-Iodide
Agar Medium. GERALD S. REISNER... .. ..... 384
Volume 36 Contents for September 1978 Number3Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial Microbiology
Chicken Egg Yolk Stabilizes the Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Type C ParticlesProduced by Cultured MOPC-315 Murine Myeloma Cells. A. GAZIT, A.YANIV,* AND E. EYLAN.397
Food Microbiology and ToxicologySensitization of Clostridium perfringens Spores to Heat by Gamma Radiation.
DAVID E. GOMBAS AND REINALDO F. GOMEZ* ............................ 403Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E in Foods by Radioim-
munoassay, Using Staphylococcal Cells Containing Protein A as Immunoad-sorbent. BARBARA A. MILLER, RAOUL F. REISER, AND MERLIN S. BERG-DOLL . 421
MycotoxinsProduction and Analysis of Citrinin in Corn. L. K. JACKSON AND A. CIEGLER* . 408Mollicellins: Mutagenic and Antibacterial Mycotoxins. A. A. STARK, B. KOBBE,
K. MATSUO, G. BUCHI, G. N. WOGAN, AND A. L. DEMAIN* .... 412Evaluation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a Potential Mycotoxin Producer on
Soybeans. A. CIEGLER, K. A. BURBRIDGE, J. CIEGLER, AND C. W. HESSEL-TINE*.... 533
Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyViral Pollution of Surface Waters Due to Chlorinated Primary Effluents. SYED A.
SATTAR* AND J. C. N. WESTWOOD.427Potential Sources of Error During Virus Thermal Inactivation. JOHN T. TIERNEY
AND EDWARD P. LARKIN*.. 432Enhanced Accuracy of Coliform Testing in Seawater by a Modification of the Most-
Probable-Number Method. BETTY H. OLSON.438Endotoxins in Commercial Vaccines. MARK R. GEIER,* HELEN STANBRO, AND C.
R. MERRIL.445Effect of Phosphate Buffer Concentration on the Heat Resistance of Bacillus
stearothernophilus Spores Suspended in Parenteral Solutions. CHRISTINE A.GAUTHIER, GERALDINE M. SMITH, AND IRVING J. PFLUG .................. 457
Thermal Resistance of Naturally Occurring Airborne Bacterial Spores. J. R.PULEO,* S. L. BERGSTROM, J. T. PEELER, AND G. S. OXBORROW.473
Comparative Sensitivity of Various Cell Culture Systems for Isolation of Virusesfrom Wastewater and Fecal Samples. NATHALIE J. SCHMIDT,* HELEN H. Ho,JOHN L. RIGGS, AND EDWIN H. LENNETTE........ 480
XVi CONTENTS
CONTENTS xvii
Deodorization of Pig Feces by Actinomycetes. Y. OHTA* AND M. IKEDA ........ 487
Primary Klebsiella Identification with MacConkey-Inositol-Carbenicillin Agar.SUSAN T. BAGLEY AND RAMON J. SEIDLER* .............................. 536
General Microbial EcologyAntibiotic Resistance Patterns of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Environ-
mental Sources. W. J. KELCH AND J. S. LEE* ........................... 450
Heavy-Metal and Antibiotic Resistance in the Bacterial Flora of Sediments of NewYork Bight. JOHN F. TIMONEY,* JENNIFER PORT, JANIS GILES, AND J.SPANIER .............................................................. 465
Incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Bacteriophages and Other Vibrio Bacterio-phages in Marine Samples. JOHN A. BAROSS,* JOHN LISTON, AND RICHARDY. MORITA ................. ....... ...... 492
Ecological Relationship Between Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Agar-DigestingVibrios as Evidenced by Bacteriophage Susceptibility Patterns. JOHN A.BAROSS, JOHN LISTON, AND RICHARD Y. MORITA ......................... 500
Autoradiography and Epifluorescence Microscopy Combined for the Determinationof Number and Spectrum of Actively Metabolizing Bacteria in Natural Wa-ters. LUTZ-AREND MEYER-REIL ............... ..... .. 506
Rumen Protozoal Degradation of Structurally Intact Forage Tissues. HENRY E.AMos* AND DANNY E. AKIN ........................ ... ..... 513
Thermophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria Found in Copper Leaching Dumps. JAMESA. BRIERLEY .................. 523
Anaerobic Fecal Bacteria of the Baboon. A. W. BRINKLEY* AND G. E. MoTrr ... 530
MethodsEnhanced Production of Rauscher Leukemia Virus After Infection of High-Pas-
saged JLS-V9 Cells. ALBERT PERRY,* ORSON R. ROBINSON, JR., AND GEORGEP. SHIBLEY ........................................................... 526
Volume 36 Contents for October 1978 Number4
Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyMicrobial Catabolism of Vanillate: Decarboxylation to Guaiacol. RONALD L.
CRAWFORD* AND PATRICIA PERKINS OLSON..... 539
Effect of Hydrostatic Tensile Stress on the Growth of Escherichia coli and Bacilluscereus. W. J. O'BRIEN,* M. C. WALKER IV, P. L. FAN, AND W. M. JOHNSTON 549
Production and Ecological Significance of Yeast Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes fromOerskovia. J. W. MANN, T. W. JEFFRIES, AND J. D. MACMILLAN*.. 594
Cellulolytic Enzyme System of Thermoactinomyces sp. Grown on MicrocrystallineCellulose. BARBEL G. R. HAGERDAL,* JOHN D. FERCHAK, AND E. KENDALLPYE................................... 606
Flow Microfluorometry Study of Diauxic Batch Growth of Saccharomyces cerevi-siae. MAUREEN F. GILBERT, DONALD N. MCQUITTY, AND JAMES E. BAILEY* 615
Purification of the Protein Crystal from Bacillus thuringiensis by Zonal GradientCentrifugation. BARBARA J. ANG AND KENNETH W. NICKERSON*.625
xviii CONTENTS
Food Microbiology and ToxicologyNew Medium for Rapid Screening and Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in
Foods. J. E. ERICKSON AND R. H. DEIBEL.. 567
Isolation, Purification, and Antibiotic Activity of o-Methoxycinnamaldehyde fromCinnamon. SATOSHI MOROZUMI.. 577
Toxicological Model for a Two-Acid System. HOWARD E.RUBIN............... 623
Enrichment Procedures for Isolating Salmonellae from Raw Meat andPoultry. BERENICE M. THOMASON* AND DAVID J. DODD................. 627
MycotoxinsProduction of Xanthomegnin and Viomellein by Isolates of Aspergillus ochraceus,
Penicillium cyclopium, and Penicillium viridicatum. MICHAEL E. STACK*AND PHILIP B. MISLIVEC ............................................... 552
Oclratoxin A: Isolation and Subsequent Purification by High-Pressure LiquidChromatography. R. E. PETERSON* AND A. CIEGLER.. 613
Disappearance of Patulin During Alcoholic Fermentation of Apple Juice. E. E.STINSON,* S. F. OSMAN, C. N. HUHTANEN, AND D. D. BILLS .. .. 620
Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyEfficiency of Beef Extract for the Recovery of Poliovirus from Wastewater Ef-
fluents. EDWARD F. LANDRY,* JAMES M. VAUGHN, McHARRELL Z. THOMAS,AND THOMAS J. VICALE.. 544
Increase of Radiation Resistance of a Soil Microflora Exposed to Long-TermGamma Irradiation. W. H. ERIKSEN AND C. EMBORG*.. 618
General Microbial EcologyMedium for the Enumeration and Isolation of Bacteria from a Swine Waste
Digester. E. L. IANNOTTI,* J. R. FISCHER, AND D. M. SIEVERS.555
Effect of Temperature on Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) in LakeMendota. ALLAN KONOPKA* AND THOMAS D. BROCK.. 572
Diversity in the Ammonia-Oxidizing Nitrifier Population of a Soil. L. W. BELSERAND E. L. SCHMIDT*.. 584
Serological Diversity Within a Terrestrial Ammonia-Oxidizing Population. L. W.BELSER AND E. L. SCHMIDT* ...................... ... ... ......... 589
ErrataChanges in Proportions ofAcetate and Carbon Dioxide Used as Methane Precursors
During the Anaerobic Digestion of Bovine Waste. D. O. MOUNTFORT AND R.A. ASHER.. 629
Extracellular Accumulation of a New Amino Acid, 0-2-Hydroxypropylhomoserine,from 1,2-Propanediol by Flavobacterium rigense. SHIGEKI YAMADA, KOICHINABE, TOSHIHIKO UJIMARU, NOBUHIKO IZUO, AND ICHIRO CHIBATA .. 629
Volume 36 Contents for November 1978 Number5
Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyDegradation of Tyrosine in Anaerobically Stored Piggery Wastes and in Pig
Feces. SIERK F. SPOELSTRA.631
Carotene-Superproducing Strains of Phycomyces. F. J. MURILLO,* I. L. CAL-DER6N, I. LOPEZ-DIAZ, AND E. CERDA-OLMEDO.639
Factors Affecting the Activity of Cellulases Isolated from the Rumen Digesta ofSheep. G. L. FRANCIS,* J. M. GAWTHORNE, AND G. B. STORER.643
Characterization of Methanol-Oxidizing Bacteria by Their Growth Response toVarious Chemicals. INGER KUHN.. 688
Food Microbiology and ToxicologyTemperature Function Integration and the Development and Metabolism of Poul-
try Spoilage Bacteria. H. B. DAUD,* T. A. MCMEEKIN, AND JUNE OLLEY.. 650Comparison of Four Agar Plating Media with and Without Added Novobiocin for
Isolation of Salmonellae from Beef and Deboned Poultry Meat. W. A. MOATS 747
MycotoxinsLight Inhibits the Production of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether in
Alternaria alternata. KENNETH SODERHALL, EBBE SVENSSON, AND TORGNYUNESTAM*... 655
Bioproduction of [4C]Ochratoxin A in Submerged Culture. E. B. LILLEHOJ,* 0.AALUND, AND B. HALD .. .............. 720
Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologySelective Growth Inhibition of Sphaerotilus natans and Beggiatoa sp. by Nucleo-
sides. Yo TAKIGUCHI,* HIROJI YOSHIKAWA, AND MICHIYA TERAO.658Phosphorus-Containing Pesticide Breakdown Products: Quantitative Utilization as
Phosphorus Sources by Bacteria. ALASDAIR M. COOK, CHRISTIAN G. DAUGH-TON, AND MARTIN ALEXANDER*.668
Effects of No. 2 Fuel Oil, Nigerian Crude Oil, and Used Crankcase Oil on AttachedAlgal Communities: Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Water-Soluble Constitu-ents. THOMAS L. BOTT* AND KURT ROGENMUSER..... 673
Microbial Degradation of Glycerol Nitrates. T. M. WENDT, J. H. CORNELL, ANDA. M. KAPLAN * . 693
Surface Kinetic Test Method for Determining Rate of Kill by an AntimicrobialSolid. A. J. ISQUITH* AND C. J. MCCOLLUM ..... .... 700
Dry-Heat Destruction of Lipopolysaccharide: Design and Construction of Dry-HeatDestruction Apparatus. JOHN H. ROBERTSON, DAVE GLEASON, AND KIYOSHITsuJI* ..... ................. 705
Dry-Heat Destruction of Lipopolysaccharide: Dry-Heat Destruction Kinetics.KIYOSHI TSuJI* AND SUSAN J. HARRISON .. ...... ..... 710
Dry-Heat Destruction of Lipopolysaccharide: Mathematical Approach to ProcessEvaluation. KIYOSHI TsUJI* AND A. R. LEWIS ..... ........ 715
Frequency of F116-Mediated Transduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Fresh-water Environment. W. D. MORRISON, ROBERT V. MILLER, AND G. S. SAY-LER ......................... ............. 724
Lactose Variability of Escherichia coli in Thermally Stressed Reactor EffluentWaters. K. L. KASWECK* AND C. B. FLIERMANS.739
Use of Cetylpyridinium Chloride in the Decontamination of Water for Culture ofMycobacteria. GARY C. DU MOULIN* AND KURT D. STOTTMEIER.771
Infectivity Titers of Adenovirus Type 5 Suspensions After Exposure to CigaretteSmoke. D. BARDELL............ 774
Use of an Internal Standard in Monitoring the Bacterial Degradation of CrudeOil. RANDALL J. MRSNY, ROBERT W. BARLES, DAVID CHIN, KARL C. ENE-VOLD, BRUCE R. THOMAS, AND MARK L. WHEELIS* ......... 776
XiXCONTENTS
CONTENTS
General Microbial EcologyMicrobiological and Physical Properties of Salt Marsh and Microecosystem Sedi-
ments. MICHAEL REICHGOTT AND L. HAROLD STEVENSON*.662Prevalence and Distribution ofAeromonas hydrophila in the United States. TERRY
C. HAZEN,* CARL B. FLIERMANS, ROBERT P. HIRSCH, AND GERALD W. ESCH 731Enumeration, Isolation, and Characterization of Beggiatoa from Freshwater Sedi-
ments. WILLIAM R. STROHL AND JOHN M. LARKIN*.. 755Diversity of Rhizobium leguminosarum in the Palouse of Eastern Washington. R.
L. MAHLER AND D. F. BEZDICEK* ......... .............................. 780
MethodsUse of Platinum Electrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Bacteria. JUDD
R. WILKINS... 683Improved Identification of Methanogenic Bacteria by Fluorescence Microscopy.
HANS J. DODDEMA* AND GODFRIED D. VOGELS....... 752
ErrataMinimal Water Activity for Enterotoxin A Production and Growth of Staphylococ-
cus aureus. L. P. LOTTER AND L. LEISTNER.... 783Improved Methods for Detecting Enteric Viruses in Oysters. MARK D. SOBSEY,
ROBERT J. CARRICK, AND HAROLD A. JENSEN ............. ....... 783
Volume36 Contents for December 1978 Number6
Metabolism, Growth, and Industrial MicrobiologyCorrelation Between Hemin Content and the Chemiluminescent Luminol Reaction
with Bacteria. L. EWETZ* AND A. THORE.790Production, Characterization, and Partial Amino Acid Sequence of Xylanase A
from Schizophyllum commune. M. G. PAICE,* L. JURASEK, M. R. CARPEN-TER, AND L. B. SMILLIE.... 802
Growth and Methanogenesis by Methanosarcina Strain 227 on Acetate and Meth-anol. MICHAEL R. SMITH AND ROBERT A. MAH*.870
D-Lyxose as a Substrate for Streptomyces D-Xylose Isomerase. J. H. PARKER ... 969
Food Microbiology and ToxicologySerological Studies of a Host Range Mutant of a Lactic Streptococcal Bacterio-
phage. AUDREY W. JARVIS... 785Antiviral Effect of Apple Beverages. J. KONOWALCHUK* AND J. I. SPEIRS.798Injury to Staphylococcus aureus During Sausage Fermentation. J. L. SMITH AND
S. A. PALUMBO*.. 857Isolation and Characterization of Plasmid DNA in Streptococcus cremoris. L. D.
LARSEN AND L. L. MCKAY* ............................................. 944Comparative Study of Methods for the Enumeration of Total and Fecal Coliforms
in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica. GARY P. RICHARDS .... 975
MycotoxinsProduction of Xanthomegnin and Viomellein by Species of Aspergillus Correlated
with Mycotoxicosis Produced in Mice. JAMES E. ROBBERS,* SOOBOK HONG,JOHN TUITE, AND WILLIAM W. CARLTON .... ............................ 819
xx
Survey of 1977 Crop Year Preharvest Corn for Vomitoxin. R. F. VESONDER,* A.CIEGLER, R. F. ROGERS, K. A. BURBRIDGE, R. J. BOTHAST, AND A. H. JENSEN 885
Ochratoxin A as the Cause of Spontaneous Nephropathy in Fattening Pigs. L.RUTQVIST,* N.-E. BJORKLUND, K. HULT, E. HOKBY, AND B. CARLSSON. 920
Applied Environmental and Public Health MicrobiologyImprovement in the Sensitivity of DNA Polymerase I-Deficient Escherichia coli
for Detecting Mutagens and Carcinogens. SANDRA VENTURINI* AND C.MONTI-BRAGADIN... 794
High Levels of Microbial Contamination of Vegetables Irrigated with Wastewaterby the Drip Method. A. Y. SADOVSKI,* B. FATTAL, D. GOLDBERG, E. KATZ-ENELSON, AND H. I.SHUVAL. 824
Growth Characteristics of Atypical Mycobacteria in Water and Their ComparativeResistance to Disinfectants. LORETTA A. CARSON,* NORMAN J. PETERSEN,MARTIN S. FAVERO, AND SONIA M. AGUREO ..839
Validity of Fecal Coliforms, Total Coliforms, and Fecal Streptococci as Indicatorsof Viruses in Chlorinated Primary Sewage Effluents. GERALD BERG,* DANIELR. DAHLING, GERALD A. BROWN, AND DONALD BERMAN ..880
Identification of Detergents as Components of Wastewater Sludge That Modify theThermal Stability of Reovirus and Enteroviruses. RICHARD L. WARD* ANDCAROL S. ASHLEY ..889
Heat Inactivation of Enteric Viruses in Dewatered Wastewater Sludge. RICHARDL. WARD* AND CAROL S. ASHLEY.. 898
Coliform Aerosols Generated from the Surface of Dewatered Sewage Applied to aForest Clearcut. ROBERT L. EDMONDS* AND WILLIS LIrrKE.972
Elution of Poliovirus Adsorbed to Membrane Filters. SAMUEL R. FARRAH* ANDGABRIEL BITTON..... 982
General Microbial EcologyOccurrence of Nitric and Nitrous Oxides in a Coastal Marine Sediment. JAN
S0RENSEN.809Nodule Infection by Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in Phaseolus vulgaris. R. G.
ORELLANA* AND F. F. FAN.... 814Distribution of Ice Nucleation-Active Bacteria on Plants in Nature. S. E. LINDOW,
D. C. ARNY, AND C. D. UPPER*.831
Quantitative Assay for Algal Chemotaxis. Roy D. SJOBLAD, ILAN CHET, ANDRALPH MITCHELL*.. 847
Microbial Succession and Mineral Leaching in an Artificial Coal Spoil. ARTHURP. HARRISON, JR... 861
Toxicity of Zinc to Fungi, Bacteria, and Coliphages: Influence of Chloride Ions. H.BABICH AND G. STOTZKY*.906
Genetically Marked Rhizobium Identifiable as Inoculum Strain in Nodules ofSoybean Plants Grown in Fields Populated with Rhizobium japonicum. L.DAVID KUYKENDALL* AND DEANE F. WEBER.915
Simultaneous Determination of the Total Number of Aquatic Bacteria and theNumber Thereof Involved in Respiration. REINHARD ZIMMERMANN,* Ro-DOLFO ITURRIAGA, AND JENNY BECKER-BIRCK.926
Bacteriocin-Like Substances Produced by Rhizobium japonicum and Other Slow-Growing Rhizobia. D. C. GROSS AND A. K. VIDAVER*.936
Diurnal Changes and Effect of Ration on Concentrations of the Rumen CiliateCharon ventriculi. BURK A. DEHORITY* AND WILSON R. S. MArrOS. 953
XXiCONTENTS
xxii CONTENTS
Silica Gel Media for Isolating and Studying Bacteria Under HydrostaticPressure. ALLAN S. DIETZ AND A. ARISTIDES YAYANOS*................. 966
Isolation of a Unique Marine Bacterium Capable of Growth on a Wide Variety ofPolysaccharides from Macroalgae. RALPH S. QUATRANO* AND BRUCE A.CALDWELL.979
MethodsIsolation and Identification of the Cytoplasmic Membrane from Saccharomyces
carlsbergensis by Radioactive Labeling. MICHAEL J. LEWIS* AND PURUSH-OTTAM C. PATEL ........................................ 851
New Monitoring System for Proteolysis in Soil as Influenced by Selected HerbicidalApplications. D. R. CULLIMORE* AND L. BALL.. 959
Two Stomacher Accessories. ANTHONY N. SHARPE* AND ISTVAN DUDAS .... 962
INDEX TO DATE OF ISSUE
Month Date of Issue Pages
July 28 July 1978 1-211August 24 August 1978 213-395September 29 September 1978 397-538October 20 October 1978 539-629November 17 November 1978 631-783December 18 December 1978 785-984
)~ MICROBIOLOGY-1978Editor-in-Chief: Publication Date: January 1978David Schlessinger Order your copy today
The latest infonration from four vital ASM confernces and symposiaO Extrachromosomal ElementsO Nitrification and Reduction of Nitrogen Oxideso Cellular and Molecular Biology of Mycoplasma and Bacterial L-FormsO Human Papovaviruses
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