APPLIED ACADEMIC & WORKPLACE SKILLS FOR …...Mr. Steve Hanson Larry Miller Toyota 4701 West Glendale Avenue Glendale, Arizona Mr. Bud McCurry Coulter Cadillac 1188 East Camelback

APPLIED ACADEMIC &

WORKPLACE SKILLS

FOR

AUTOMOBILE TECHNICIANS

National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation (NATEF) 101 Blue Seal Drive, SE, Suite101

Leesburg, VA 20175

(703) 6 650

© 1995*

* With 2002 task list

69-6

APPLIED ACADEMIC & WORKPLACE SKILLS

FOR

AUTOMOBILE TECHNICIANS

National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation (NATEF) 101 Blue Seal Drive, SE, Suite 101

Leesburg, VA 20175

(703) 669-6650

© 1995*

* With 2002 task list

The contents of this book were developed under a grant from the U.S. Department of Education. However, readers should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.

PREFACE

This work represents a joint effort by the National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation (NATEF) and the Vocational-Technical Education Consortium of States (V-TECS). The examples that are given represent one of many applications of the academic skills. We sincerely hope that they will assist your efforts to apply this research to your own particular needs. A very special thanks to all the technicians who participated in the workshops and provided the technical expertise to our research effort.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction

Introduction (by V-TECS) Workplace Skills

Narrative Statements

Language Arts Mathematics Science

Crosswalk and Definitions (Codes and Descriptors)

Language Arts Mathematics Science

Related Academic Skills (Language Arts, Mathematics, Science) and Applications

Engine Repair pp. 1-11 Automatic Transmission and Transaxle pp. 12-22 Manual Drive Train and Axles pp. 23-32 Suspension and Steering pp. 33-42 Brakes pp. 43-52 Electrical/Electronic Systems pp. 53-62 Heating and Air Conditioning pp. 63-73 Engine Performance pp. 74-86

NATEF Task List

Task List and Assumptions pp. 1-2 Definitions – Educational Terms pp. 3-4 Definitions – Technical Terms pp. 5-7 Engine Repair pp. 8-11 Automatic Transmission and Transaxle pp. 12-14 Manual Drive Train and Axles pp. 15-19 Suspension and Steering pp. 19-23 Brakes pp. 23-27 Electrical/Electronic Systems pp. 27-31 Heating and Air Conditioning pp. 31-34 Engine Performance pp. 34-39

Task List Priority Item Totals pp. 40

INTRODUCTION by V-TECS Background

The National Automotive Technician Education Foundation (NATEF) of the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) was one of the recipients of a Department of Education grant for the development of business and industry skill standards for the occupations of Automobile Technician, Autobody Technician, and Medium/Heavy Truck Technician. Since NATEF had already developed Duty/Task Lists and Equipment Lists for these three areas, they proposed to spend their resources on the re-validation of these task lists as well as the identification of the Related Academic Skills embedded in the Automobile, Autobody and Medium Heavy Truck Task Lists.

Rather than do this work in-house, NATEF chose to contract with the Vocational-Technical Education Consortium of States (V-TECS), Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to conduct the analysis. V-TECS was chosen because of its twenty-one year history of occupational and task analysis as well as its recent success in using a taxonomy to identify related academic and workplace skills within and across occupations. Process Used to Identify the Related Academic Skills Embedded in the NATEF Task List for Automobile Technician

V-TECS began the process of identifying the related academic skills by meeting with Dr. Patricia Lundquist, NATEF Educational Programs Director, to outline the strategy for conducting the project. It was decided early on that NATEF would identify four different sites across the country where a high concentration of ASE Certified Master technicians lived and worked. Once these sites were identified, Dr. Lundquist then worked with local teachers and contacts in the automobile industry to identify the names of outstanding ASE Certified Master technicians in the surrounding area. These names, along with a useable address, was given to V-TECS who contacted the technicians and asked if they would participate in a two-day meeting designed to identify the skills. Technicians were offered a small honorarium to offset the pay they would lose by participating in the meeting. This entire project was carried out with the highest level of teamwork between ASE/NATEF and V-TECS and could be described as a perfect partnership in that Dr. Lundquist identified the technicians and V-TECS handled the logistics and conducted the meetings on site.

Since eight specialty areas existed within the NATEF Task List, the decision was made to treat the total automobile technician task list as follows:

MEETING SITES AND SPECIALTIES ADDRESSED

Meeting No.

Location

Specialties

1

Atlanta, Georgia

• Electrical/Electronics Systems • Engine Performance

2

Boston, Massachusetts

• Automotive Transmission & Transaxle • Manual Drive Train & Axles

3

Cincinnati, Ohio

• Suspension & Steering • Brakes

4

Phoenix, Arizona

• Engine Repair • Heating & Air Conditioning Systems

ASE MASTER TECHNICIANS WHO PARTICIPATED IN EACH MEETING

Meeting Location

Participants

Atlanta, Georgia

Mr. Joe Hickey Billy Howell Ford, Lincoln, Mercury 1805 Atlanta Highway Cumming, Georgia Mr. David Laird Royal Oldsmobile 5350 Memorial Drive Stone Mountain, Georgia

Mr. Randy Morris John Bleakley Ford Thornton Road at I-20 West Lithia Springs, Georgia Mr. Russell Welday 3383 Bloomfield Clarksdale, Georgia

Boston, Massachusetts

Mr. Leo G. DeSimone Minuteman Tech Regional Vocational Technical School 758 Marrett Road Lexington, Massachusetts Mr. Donald B. Mullaney Everett Corson, Inc. 1040 Iyanough Road, Rt. 132 Hyannis, Massachusetts

Mr. Mark D. Nindel Minuteman Oldsmobile/ Volkswagen 39 North Road Bedford, Massachusetts Mr. Donald E. Dew Northern Virginia Community College Alexandria Campus 3001 N. Beauregard Street Alexandria, Virginia 22311-5097

Cincinnati, Ohio Mr. Richard Brooks

498 West Sharon Road Cincinnati, Ohio Mr. Chuck Gantzer Performance Toyota 5676 Dixie Highway Fairfield, Ohio

Mr. Gary Rothenbusch 6094 Bridgetown Road Cincinnati, Ohio Mr. John Rudolf Monte Zinn Toyota 1501 Hillcrest Avenue Springfield, Ohio

Meeting Location

Participants Mr. Dan Keller Beechmont Toyota, Inc. 8667 Beechmont Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio Mr. Ted Patterson 4631 Spring Grove Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45232

Mr. Vernon Smith 10188 Auburn Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio Mr. Paul Theobald Toyota of Cincinnati Co 9101 Colerain Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio

Phoenix, Arizona

Mr. James Anderson Bell Road Toyota 2020 West Bell Road Phoenix, Arizona Mr Steve Brown Camelback Toyota 1500 East Camelback Road Phoenix, Arizona Mr. Eric Fenske Big Two Olds-Toyota, Inc. 1301 West Broadway, Box 4007 Mesa. Arizona Mr. Homer Gribben Coulter Cadillac 1188 East Camelback Road Phoenix, Arizona Mr. Steve Hanson Larry Miller Toyota 4701 West Glendale Avenue Glendale, Arizona

Mr. Bud McCurry Coulter Cadillac 1188 East Camelback Road Phoenix, Arizona Mr. Robert Mitchell Scottsdale Nissan 1000 N. Scottsdale Road Scottsdale, Arizona Mr. Ron Piner Bell Dodge 1645 West Bell Phoenix, Arizona Mr. Jeff Wilhelm Earnhardt's Gilbert Dodge 1301 North Arizona Avenue Gilbert, Arizona Mr. Scott Wright Tempe Toyota 7970 South Autoplex Loop Temper, Arizona

The same basic procedure was followed in each of the four sites. The meetings began with an explanation of the project by Dr. Patricia Lundquist followed by an overview of V-TECS and the process to be used by Dr. Ronald D. McCage, Executive Director of V-TECS. The technicians were then introduced to the overall structure of the Snyder Basic Skills Taxonomy by Dr. Charles Losh, who led the analysis process for the four automotive technician meetings. During this part of the process, Dr. Losh systematically brought the technicians into the process so that they would become comfortable with it. The technicians were told that they were considered the experts and that their role was to tell the team when a language arts, math, or science concept was used in their field. To help them understand the specific definitions of the concepts, V-TECS used three academic experts for each of the four meetings. These experts were: Mrs. Barbara Blasch, Mathematics; Dr. Chrysandra Spiceland, Language Arts; and Dr. Trina Boteler, Science. The process involved taking each of the tasks in each of the eight NATEF specialty areas and asking the technicians to identify the language arts, math and science skills needed to perform each task. Their responses were recorded using the Snyder Taxonomy codes and then put into a data base. At the end of the meetings each technician was asked to rate each item on a list of Workplace Skills for importance to their specific occupation.

Once all of the meetings had been conducted, a composite or unduplicated list of the related academic codes was assembled for language arts, math, and science along with a table representing the average ratings for each workplace skill statement. Specific statements were then written for each of the codes with an emphasis on how the skill was used in the occupation. After this was accomplished, a more generic list was developed for the general public as well as a transformation of the coded list into the eight specialty lists that were more specific to each of the areas. A matrix was then built showing the relationship between the composite list and each of the eight sublists. Several crosschecks and reviews were made to insure the accuracy of the statement as well as its relationship to each of the areas. The task by task analysis data and the Workplace Skills data was also provided to NATEF as documentation for the process. For a clearer understanding of these various lists, the following items represent an entry for each skill category for the automobile technician occupation.

LA001 Adapts Diction/Structure - The technician adapts diction and structure to the context of all verbal and written communication, based on the audience, purpose, and specific situation.

MA001 Calculates/Evaluates Algebraic Expressions

- The technician can identify when to use Ohm's Law to determine circuit parameters that are out-of-tolerance.

SC007 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues

- The technician uses government impact statements, media information, and general knowledge of pollution and waste management to correctly use and dispose of waste products.

The following pages contain this information in various forms.

WORKPLACE SKILLS IDENTIFIED AS BEING IMPORTANT BY THE NATEF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNICIANS RELATED ACADEMIC SKILLS COMMITTEE FROM THE V-TECS/ILLINOIS WORKPLACE SKILLS LIST A. DEVELOPING AN EMPLOYMENT PLAN

1. Match interests to employment area. 2. Match aptitudes to employment area. 3. Identify short term work goals. 4. Match attitudes to a job area. 5. Match physical capabilities to a job area. 6. Demonstrate a drug-free status.

B. SEEKING AND APPLYING FOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

1. Identify steps in applying for a job. 2. Locate employment opportunities. 3. Identify job requirements. 4. Identify conditions for employment. 5. Evaluate job opportunities. 6. Prepare a resume. 7. Write job application letter. 8. Complete job application form. 9. Prepare for job interview.

10. Dress for job interview. C. ACCEPTING EMPLOYMENT

1. Apply for social security number. 2. Complete state and federal tax forms. 3. Complete employees withholding allowance certificate Form W-4.

D. COMMUNICATING ON THE JOB

1. Communicate orally with others. 2. Ask questions about task. 3. Follow written and oral directions. 4. Prepare written communication. 5. Interpret the use of body language. 6. Use telephone etiquette.

E. INTERPRETING THE ECONOMICS OF WORK

1. Describe responsibilities of employee. 2. Describe responsibilities of employer or management. 3. Investigate opportunities and options for business ownership.

F. MAINTAINING PROFESSIONALISM

1. Participate in employment orientation. 2. Treat people with respect. 3. Exhibit positive behavior. 4. Comply with organizational expectations. 5. Comply with company dress and appearance standards. 6. Use job-related terminology. 7. Participate in meetings in a positive and constructive manner. 8. Assess business image and products/services.

G. ADAPTING/COPING WITH CHANGE

1. Identify the elements of the job transition. 2. Exhibit ability to handle stress. 3. Recognize need to change or quit a job. 4. Write a letter of resignation.

H. SOLVING PROBLEMS AND CRITICAL THINKING

1. Clarify purposes and goals. 2. Identify the problem. 3. Employ reasoning skills. 4. Assess employer and employee responsibility in solving a problem. 5. Evaluate options. 6. Estimate results of implemented options. 7. Set priorities. 8. Identify solutions to the problem and their impact. 9. Select and implement a solution to a problem.

10. Prioritize and organize workloads.

I. MAINTAINING A SAFE AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT

1. Follow conservation/environmental practices and policies. 2. Comply with safety and health rules/procedures. 3. Identify hazardous substances in the work place. 4. Use and maintain proper tools and equipment. 5. Maintain work area. 6. Act during emergencies.

J. DEMONSTRATING WORK ETHICS AND BEHAVIOR

1. Follow rules, regulations and policies as established. 2. Implement responsibilities of job position. 3. Maintain regular attendance. 4. Assume responsibility for decisions and actions. 5. Demonstrate willingness to learn. 6. Practice time management.

7. Practice cost effectiveness. 8. Apply ethical reasoning. 9. Display initiative.

10. Display assertiveness. 11. Exhibit pride. K. DEMONSTRATING TECHNOLOGY LITERACY

1. Demonstrate basic keyboarding skills. 2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of computing. 3. Recognize impact of technological changes on tasks and people.

L. MAINTAINING INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

1. Value individual diversity. 2. Respond to praise or criticism. 3. Provide constructive praise or criticism. 4. Channel and control emotional reactions. 5. Resolve conflicts. 6. Display a positive attitude. 7. Identify and react to sexual intimidation/harassment.

M. DEMONSTRATING TEAMWORK

1. Identify style of leadership used in teamwork. 2. Match team member's skills and group activity. 3. Work with team members. 4. Complete a team task. 5. Evaluate outcomes.

NARRATIVE FOR LANGUAGE ARTS RELATED ACADEMIC SKILLS for all NATEF Automobile Technician Task Lists The automobile technician must be proficient in the following Language Arts and Communications related academic skills that are embedded in the occupation. Using these skills the technician must be able to: • Request, collect, comprehend, evaluate, and apply oral and written information gathered from

customers, associates, and supervisors regarding problem symptoms and potential solutions to problems.

• Identify the purpose for all written and oral communication and then choose the most effective

strategies for listening, reading, speaking, and writing to facilitate the communication process. • Adapt a reading strategy for all written materials, e.g. customer's notes, service manuals, shop

manuals, technical bulletins, etc., relevant to problem identification, diagnosis, solution, and repair. • Attend to verbal and nonverbal cues in discussions with customers, supervisors, and associates to

verify, identify, and solve problems. • Use study habits and techniques, i.e. previewing, scanning, skimming, taking notes, etc., when

reviewing publications (shop manuals, references, databases, operator's manuals, and text resources) for problem solving, diagnosis, and repair.

• Use prior knowledge learned from solving similar problems to diagnose and repair specific problems. • Write clear, concise, complete, and grammatically accurate sentences and paragraphs. • Write warranty reports and work orders to include information regarding problem resolution and the

results of the work performed for the customer or manufacturer. • Comprehend and apply industry definitions and specifications to diagnose and solve problems in all

automotive systems and components. • Follow all oral/written directions that relate to the task or system under study. • Comprehend and use problem-solving techniques and decision trees that are contained in service

manuals to determine cause-and-effect relationships. • Scan service manuals and databases to locate specific information for problem-solving purposes. • Use the service manual to identify the manufacturer's specifications for system parameters, operation,

and potential malfunctions. • Interpret charts, tables, or graphs to determine the manufacturer's specifications for system operation

to identify out-of-tolerance systems and subsystems. • Supply clarifying information to customers, associates, parts supplier, and supervisors.

NARRATIVE FOR MATHEMATICS RELATED ACADEMIC SKILLS for all

NATEF Automobile Technician Task Lists

The automobile technician must be proficient in the following mathematics –related academic skills that are embedded in the occupation. Given these skills the technician must be able to: • Determine the proper sequence of arithmetic operations to arrive at a solution that can be compared to

other specifications when comparing system measurements to the manufacturer’s specifications. • Add two or more whole numbers, fractions, or decimals to determine component conformance of

multiple measurements with the manufacturer’s specifications. • Divide decimals to determine measurement conformance with the manufacturer’s specifications. • Convert variables presented orally to a mathematical form that provides for an algebraic solution. • Estimate the results of basic arithmetic operations, and accurately round up or down depending on the

appropriate rule for the situation. • Analyze and solve problems requiring the use of fractions, decimals, ratios, or percentages by a direct

or indirect variation of the numerical elements of the problem. • Determine the irrelevant and/or missing data needed to solve a problem. • Determine and interpret place value (tenths, hundredths, thousandths) when conducting precision

measurements. • Use Centigrade or Fahrenheit measurement scales to determine the existing temperature of substances

such as a coolant or lubricant. • Use English and metric volume measurement techniques to determine the volume of a system,

component, or cylinder. • Use conventional symbols (E for voltage, etc.) to solve circuit parameter calculations using formulas

such as Ohm’s Law, E-IR. • Understand that if the described problem has certain conditions (symptoms), then a limited number of

solutions to the problem apply. • Understand the relationship between the frequency of the occurrence of a problem (symptom) and the

probability of accurately predicting the problem. • Calculate the average (mean) of several measurements to determine the variance from the

manufacturer’s specifications. • Use English and metric angle and distance measurements and techniques to determine angle variances

from the manufacturer’s specifications.

• Solve problems that involve determining the relative proportion of desired versus undesired ingredients or elements of a mixture, and determine if that proportion is within the manufacturer’s specifications.

• Comprehend and use standards defined by each manufacturer for the system being analyzed. • Convert test readings that are in decimal or fraction form to a ratio or percent for comparison with the

manufacturer’s specifications for the sub-system. • Know when to use an estimated performance value versus an exact value, basing the decision on the

system being analyzed or repaired. • Visually perceive the geometric relationship of systems and sub-systems that require alignment. • Construct or interpret a chart, table, graph, or symbol that depicts a range of performance

characteristics that can be used for comparing various system operational conditions. • Use measurement devices to determine the parallelism or perpendicularity of chassis, suspension, and

other vehicle systems requiring geometric alignment. • Use formulas to indirectly confirm systems that are outside of the manufacturer’s specifications. • Verify that the relationship between parallel lines and angles concurs with the manufacturer’s

specifications when diagnosing a system’s malfunction. • Visually formulate a belt (e.g., suspension/drive) angle and verify conformance to the manufacturer’s

specified angle. • Measure timed or sequenced operating parameters to determine conformance with the manufacturer’s

specifications. • Use English and metric scales to determine the conformance of components to the manufacturer’s

specified weight. • Determine the degree of conformance to the manufacturer’s specifications for length, volume, and

other appropriate measurements in the English and/or metric system. • Distinguish the congruence of the measured tolerances with those specified by the manufacturer. • Measure and/or test with tools designed for English or metric measurements, then convert the result

to the manufacturer’s system used for specifying the correct measurement or tolerance. • Compute mentally whether the observed measurement is out-of-tolerance when comparing the

observed measurement to the manufacturer’s specifications. • Solve problems that involve determining whether the proportion of the existing volume compares to

the manufacturer’s specifications and is within the recommended tolerance. • Distinguish whether a measurement or tolerance is equal or not equal to the manufacturer’s

specifications.

NARRATIVE FOR SCIENCE RELATED ACADEMIC SKILLS for all NATEF Automobile Technician Task Lists The automobile technician must be proficient in the following science-related academic skills that are imbedded in the occupation. Using these skills the technician must be able to: • Analyze and evaluate waste products from the repair task and dispose of the parts, residue, or trash

according to applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations. • Follow all safety regulations and procedures while performing any task.

• Use the information provided in service manuals, charts, tables, or graphs to determine the

manufacturer's specifications for system(s) operation(s) and the appropriate repair/replacement procedure.

• Develop a hypothesis regarding the cause of the problem and test the hypothesis to determine the

solution to the problem. 1. identify the problem 2. gather information 3. develop hypothesis 4. take action 5. check results

• Convert measurements taken using the English or Metric system to specifications stated in terms of

either system.

• Explain and demonstrate an understanding of the chemical reaction that occurs in an automobile regarding the combustion of fuels, catalytic converters, and contamination when introduced into systems.

• Explain the purpose of additives in lubricants. • Demonstrate an understanding of the kinetic and potential energy relationships that occur in valve

systems, ignition systems, and other stored energy systems, such as springs and fuels, and determine efficiency.

• Demonstrate an understanding of the role of balanced and unbalanced forces on linear and rotating

vehicle assemblies. • Explain the relationship of centrifugal/centripetal force to the failure of rotating systems. • Explain the ignition characteristics of fuels resulting from varying levels of fractional distillation. • Demonstrate an understanding of how fuel characteristics effect combustion in an automotive engine. • Demonstrate an understanding of the effect of heat on automotive systems. • Explain the concept of heat transfer in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation in automotive

systems.

• Demonstrate an understanding of the expansion and contraction of system parts as a result of heat generated during use and the cooling of the system when not in operation.

• Demonstrate an understanding of the effect that adding heat will cause in a state of matter, such as

solid to liquid to gas. • Explain the role of insulation in maintaining stable temperatures. • Demonstrate an understanding of refraction in fiber optic systems. • Explain that dyes added to lubricants fluoresce in ultraviolet light and provide a process for

determining the source of leakage. • Demonstrate an understanding of the process of acceleration and deceleration as a function of weight

and available power. • Demonstrate an understanding of the reaction of fluid to the motion of a valve or piston. • Demonstrate an understanding of the circular motion of a vehicle as it relates to such events as toe-

out on turns and tracking. • Demonstrate an understanding of the types of vibrations caused by out-of-balance or excessively

worn systems. • Explain to a customer how sound can be amplified due to resonant cavities and other physical

characteristics of the vehicle. • Explain and demonstrate an understanding of how sound generated in one place in the body and

engine can be carried to other parts of the engine through metal and other materials. • Explain the need for sound deadening and vibration damping materials to control the level of sound

in the passenger compartment. • Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship of the perceived intensity to the decibel level of a

noise. • Explain the relationship of the frequency of the sound to a normal or abnormally operating system. • Explain and demonstrate an understanding of the role of listening to sounds as part of the trouble-

shooting process. • Explain that the presence of overtones may indicate changes in the vibrations of various systems. • Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship of barometric pressure to engine performance

(horsepower). • Explain the relationship of engine torque to vehicle performance. • Explain how levers and pulleys can be used to increase an applied force or distance. • Identify the effect of the pH of a solution on chemical changes in a system.

• Identify the characteristics that define a system that is operating within the manufacturer's specifications.

• Use precision measuring devices to determine if wear and adjustments are within the manufacturer's

specifications, and to assure that repair or replacement parts meet the manufacturer's specifications. • Use tension gauges, such as a torque wrench, to measure the force or tension required to tighten

connections to the manufacturer's specifications. • Use a scale to measure component weight to balance rotating systems. • Use pressure measuring tools to determine pressures in hydraulic or pneumatic systems and compare

to the manufacturer's specifications. • Use direct and indirect methods to measure system temperatures and then convert to

Fahrenheit/Centigrade as required. • Use direct and indirect methods to measure time and compare the results to the manufacturer's

specifications. • Use direct and indirect methods to measure the volume of liquids in a system and compare to the

manufacturer's specifications. • Use computer databases for information retrieval and input devices to process information for

customers, billing purposes, warranty work, and other record-keeping purposes. • Explain how an applied force at one location can be transmitted via fluid pressure to provide a force

at a remote location. • Explain catalytic converter principles which modify emission gases at the atomic level to provide a

low level of HC, CO, and NOx in the final exhaust. • Explain the role that friction plays in acceleration and deceleration of objects as illustrated by

transmitting motion to a part not physically connected to the powered part. • Explain to the customer the need for lubrication of adjacent parts to minimize friction as a result of

movement at the junction of the parts. • Explain the necessity of knowing that the hardness of a metal determines, in part, its function and

location in the automobile. • Explain the dynamic control properties of a hydraulic system. • Explain the surface processes that occur on system seals due to the absorption of the contained

materials. • Demonstrate an understanding of how the deterioration in an engine's performance can be caused by

a chemical reaction that occurs in a liquid that has been contaminated. • Demonstrate an understanding of how torque relates to force and angular acceleration. • Demonstrate an understanding of how cams, pulleys, and levers are used to multiply force or transfer

directions of force.

• Explain how rotational motion is changed to linear motion and the need for balance in rotating

systems. • Demonstrate an understanding of how variances in flow rate in air flow sensors or cooling systems

can effect engine performance. Electrical/Tolerances • Explain and demonstrate an understanding of the properties of electricity that impact the lighting,

engine management, and other electrical systems in the vehicle. • Demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics of a quality electrical ground and explain the

problems associated with an inadequate electrical circuit ground. • Explain voltage and current flow in series and parallel circuits. • Demonstrate an understanding of the processes used to locate a short circuit in the

electrical/electronic system. • Demonstrate an understanding of the role of the alternator in maintaining battery and system voltage. • Demonstrate an understanding of the role of solar panels in maintaining battery voltage and operating

selected accessories. • Explain and demonstrate an understanding of the ignition coil's role in generating the high voltages

required to fire the sparkplug. • Demonstrate an understanding of the correct procedure used to measure the electrical parameters of

voltage, current, resistance, or power. • Explain and demonstrate an understanding of the role of a fuse or fusible link as a protective device

in an electrical or electronic circuit. • Explain and demonstrate an understanding of the use of Ohm's Law in verifying circuit parameters

(resistance, voltage, amperage). • Explain and demonstrate an understanding of the relationship of resistance to heat, voltage drop, and

circuit parameters. • Explain and demonstrate an understanding of system voltage generation, uses, and characteristics. • Demonstrate an understanding of the ion transfer process that occurs in an automotive battery. • Explain the conductivity problems in a circuit when connectors corrode due to electrochemical

reactions. • Explain the relationship between electrical current in a conductor and the magnetic field produced in

a coil such as the starter solenoid.

• Explain the ability of a coil to increase battery voltage to the level required to fire a sparkplug. • Explain the effect of magnetic fields on unshielded circuits in selected control modules. • Explain the need for a specific gravity test of battery electrolyte to determine charge. • Use precision electrical test equipment to measure current, voltage, resistance, continuity, and/or

power. • Demonstrate an understanding of the role of capacitance in timer circuits, such as RC timers or MAP

sensors, where the changing manifold pressure causes two metal discs to act like a capacitor by sending varying voltage to the electronic engine control system.

• Demonstrate an understanding of the capacity of semiconductor devices to modify rapidly engine

operation parameters depending on multiple inputs from engine operational sensors. • Explain how the movement of a conductor in a magnetic field can generate electricity. • Demonstrate an understanding of the role of mechanical transducers in sending electrical control

signals to modify system operating characteristics. • Demonstrate an understanding of the purpose of photocells and measurement processes relative to

determining output.

Page 1RELATED ACADEMIC SKILLS CROSSWALK FOR THE LANGUAGE ARTS/COMMUNICATIONS SKILLS

EMBEDDED IN THE EIGHT NATEF AUTOMOBILE TECHNICIAN SPECIALTY AREAS

AUTOMOBILE TECHNICIAN I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. COMPOSITE LIST Engine Auto Transmission Manual Drive Suspension Brakes Electrical Heating & Air Engine

Repair & Transaxle Train & Axle & Steering Conditioning Performance Ras Code Description

LA001

Adapts Diction/Structure

LA005 Adapts Strategy Listening

LA006 Adapts Strategy Reading

LA007 Adapts Strategy Writing

LA008 Adapts Strategy Style

LA009

Adapts Style

LA013

Applies/Uses Definitions

LA020 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods

LA022 Applies/Uses Study Habits/ Methods Prior Knowledge

LA023

Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Skimming/Scanning

LA035

Attends Directions/Task

LA036

Attends Nonverbal Cues

LA037 Attends Verbal Cues

LA038 Collects/Organizes Information-Oral/Written

LA069

Composes/Edits Notes

LA074

Composes/Edits Paragraphs





LA098 Composes/Edits Reports/Essays Summaries

LA099

Composes/Edits Sentences

LA121

Comprehends Information-Oral

LA132

Comprehends Information-Written

LA134

Comprehends Information-Written Cause/Effect Relationships

LA136

Comprehends Information-Written Charts/Tables/Graphs

LA147 Comprehends Information-Written Sequence

LA167

Evaluates Information-Oral

LA180

Evaluates Information-Written

LA215

Identifies Information-Written Abbreviations/Acronyms

LA231

Identifies Purpose/Strategy Listening/Reading/Speaking/Writing

LA236

Infers/Predicts Information/Oral

LA247

Infers/Predicts Information/Written

LA256

Infers/Predicts Information-Written Outcomes/Solutions

LA266 Presents Informal Speech Information Requests




Repair & Transaxle Train & Axle & Steering Conditioning PerformanceRas Code Description

LA267 Presents Informal Speech Informations Supplying

LA271

Uses Dictionary

LA278 Uses Text Resources

LA283

Uses Media Resources Databases

LA285

Comprehends Information-Written Operator's Manual

LA286 Uses Text Resources Service (Shop) Manual

Language Arts/Communications Related Academic Skills for the NATEF Automobile Technician Task List LA001 Adapts Diction/Structure

- The technician adapts diction and structure to the context of all verbal and written communication based on the audience, purpose, and specific situation.

LA005 Adapts Strategy Listening

- The technician adapts a listening strategy that will provide the information required for solving the problem.

LA006 Adapts Strategy Reading

- The technician adapts a reading strategy for all written materials, e.g., customer's notes, service manuals, shop manuals, technical bulletins, and computer/data feed readouts, etc., that will help identify the solution to the problem.

LA007 Adapts Strategy Speaking

- The technician adapts a communication strategy for the customer, supervisor, and fellow employees that will yield the highest quality usable information for use in problem solving.


- The technician adapts a writing strategy that is most appropriate for the intended audience (e.g. customers, supervisor, and fellow employees) when documenting repair information.

LA009 Adapts Style Purpose

- The technician adapts a style for speaking and writing that is consistent with the purpose of the communication format.

LA013 Applies/Uses Definitions

- The technician can apply industry definitions to solve problems in various components and systems of the automobile.

LA020 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods

- The technician uses study habits and methods when consulting the manufacturer's publications, e.g., shop manuals, references, and computer databases.

LA022 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Prior Knowledge

- The technician uses prior knowledge of similar situations to determine the specific cause(s) of the problem.

LA023 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Skimming/Scanning

- The technician will visually skim or scan the manufacturer's service manuals or databases to identify information that is related to any unfamiliar system under review, then study the applicable information with the intensity necessary for the situation.

LA035 Attends Directions/Task

- The technician attends to all written and oral directions that relate to the task or system under study. LA036 Attends Nonverbal Cues

- The technician attends to nonverbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve problems.

LA037 Attends Verbal Cues

- The technician attends to verbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve problems.

LA038 Collects/Organizes Information-Oral/Written

- The technician collects and organizes oral and written information based on discussions, notes, observations, personal experiences, and data collection that will assist in the problem analysis and solution process.

LA069 Composes/Edits Notes

- The technician makes notes regarding symptoms, possible causes of problems, and other data that will aid in the diagnosis and problem solving process.

LA074 Composes/Edits Paragraphs

- The technician composes complete and accurate paragraphs that include information regarding symptoms, diagnosis results, and appropriate details when preparing warranty claims and information for inclusion on work orders.


- The technician uses appropriate grammar and sentence structure when summarizing problems in reports.

LA099 Composes/Edits Sentences

- The technician uses conventional sentence structure, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation when composing sentences for warranty reports.

LA121 Comprehends Information-Oral

- The technician can comprehend information gathered during discussions with customers, supervisors, and associates regarding problem symptoms and potential solutions.

LA132 Comprehends Information-Written

- The technician can comprehend and apply available written information needed to diagnose, analyze, and solve problems.

LA134 Comprehends Information-Written Cause/Effect Relationships

- The technician comprehends and uses cause and effect relationships presented in service manual problem solving trees.

LA136 Comprehends Information-Written Charts/Tables/Graphs

- The technician consults charts, tables, or graphs to determine the manufacturer's specifications for system operation to identify out-of-tolerance systems/subsystems.


- The technician consults written information to determine the applicable technical sequence required solving a specific problem.

LA167 Evaluates Information-Oral

- The technician can evaluate the usefulness of oral information provided by customers or associates when analyzing a problem.

LA180 Evaluates Information-Written

- The technician evaluates the usefulness of available written information clearly and adequately when analyzing a problem.

LA215 Identifies Information-Written Abbreviations/Acronyms - The technician can identify and use written abbreviations and acronyms in diagnosis and problem solving.

LA231 Identifies Purpose/Strategy Listening/Reading/Speaking/Writing

- The technician identifies both purpose and effective strategies for listening, reading, speaking, and writing when dealing with customers, associates, and supervisors.

LA236 Infers/Predicts Information-Oral

- The technician makes inferences and recommends solutions to problems based on discussions with customers, associates and supervisors.

LA247 Infers/Predicts Information-Written

- The technician makes inferences and predicts the solution to the problem from the information provided on the work order.

LA256 Infers/Predicts Information-Written Outcomes/Solutions

- The technician makes inferences and solves problems from the information provided on the work order. LA266 Presents Informal Speech Information Requests

- The technician requests specific information relative to the symptoms of the problem from the customer, and possible solutions to the problem from associates and supervisors.

LA267 Presents Informal Speech Information Supplying

- The technician supplies clarifying information to customers, associates, the parts supplier, and the supervisor.

LA271 Uses Dictionary

-The technician refers to the dictionary to define terms or to check spelling. LA278 Uses Text Resources

- The technician uses text resources such as glossaries of terms, service manual indexes, database menus, and tables of contents to gather data for diagnosis and repair.

LA283 Uses Media Resources Databases

- The technician uses computerized and other databases to obtain system information. LA285 Comprehends Information-Written Operator's Manual

- The technician can comprehend and apply information in operator's manuals to operate and maintain automotive tools and equipment.

LA286 Uses Text Resources Service (Shop) Manual

- The technician uses the service manual, in both database and hard copy formats, to identify the manufacturer's specifications for system operation and potential malfunctions.

Page 1

RELATED ACADEMIC SKILLS CROSSWALK FOR THE MATH SKILLS EMBEDDED IN THE EIGHT NATEF AUTOMOBILE TECHNICIAN SPECIALTY AREAS

AUTOMOBILE TECHNICIAN I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII.

COMPOSITE LIST Engine Auto Transmission Manual Drive Suspension Brakes Electrical Heating & Air Engine Repair & Transaxle Train & Axle & Steering Conditioning Performance Ras Code Description

MA001 Calculates/Evaluates Algebraic Expressions

MA013 Calculates/Evaluates Mean/Median/Mode

MA026 Computes Addition Decimals

MA028 Computes Addition Mentally

MA034 Computes Addition Whole Numbers

MA039 Computes Division Decimals

MA041

Computes Division Mentally

MA047 Computes Division Whole Numbers

MA065

Computes Multiplication Decimals

MA067 Computes Multiplication Mentally

MA073

Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers

MA084 Computes Subtraction Decimals

MA086 Computes Subtraction Mentally

MA092

Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers

MA097 Construct Charts/Tables/Graphs

MA116 Converts Decimals/Fractions Ratios/Percents

MA117 Converts Formula Equivalent Form

Page 2




MA126 Converts Units English/Metric-- Feet/Meters, e.g.

MA129 Distinguishes Congruence/Similarity Geometric Figures

MA131 Distinguishes Equal/Not Equal

MA133 Distinguishes Estimate/Exact Value

MA140 Estimates/Rounds Expected Outcomes Everyday Occurences

MA146 Estimates/Rounds Numbers Add/Subtract/Divide/Multiply

MA153

Formulates/Verifies Angles

MA161 Identifies English Measures Length/Volume/Weight

MA168 Identifies Lines Parallel/Perpendicular

MA171 Identifies Metric Measures Length/Volume/Weight

MA172 Identifies Missing/Irrelevant Data Word Problems

MA174

Interprets Charts/Tables/Graphs

MA176 Interprets Symbols <, >, =, e.g.

MA177 Interprets System of Numbers Place Value

Page 3




MA180 Measures Direct Angles

MA181

Measures Direct Distance

MA182

Measures Direct Temperature

MA183 Measures Direct Time

MA184 Measures Direct Volume

MA185 Measures Direct Weight

MA187 Measures Indirect Formulas

MA190 Measures Metric Distance

MA191 Measures Metric Temperature

MA192 Measures Metric Volume

MA193 Measures Metric Weight

MA226 Solves Problems Formulas Specified Symbols

MA228

Solves Problems Fractions/Decimals/Ratios/Percent Direct/Indirect Variation

MA229

Solves Problems Generates Conclusions Deductive Reasoning

MA230 Solves Problems Proportion

MA232 Solves Problems Proportion Volume

Page 4




MA238 Solves Problems Trial and Error

MA239

Understands Conditionals

MA242

Understands Definitions Standards

MA244 Understands Geometric Figures Visual Perception

MA245 Understands Line/Angle Relationships

MA258

Understands Statistics Probability

MA271 Determine Proper Operation

MA273 Computes Tolerances, Ranges Mentally

MA274 Computes Proper Operations Mentally

MA275 Identifies Temperatures Fahrenheit/Centigrade

Mathematics Related Academic Skills for the NATEF Automobile Technician Task Lists MA001 Calculates/Evaluates Algebraic Expressions

- The technician can use Ohm's Law to determine circuit parameters that are out of tolerance. MA013 Calculates/Evaluates Mean/Median/Mode

- The technician can calculate the average (mean) of several different measurements to determine any variance from the manufacturer's specifications.


- The technician can add numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA028 Computes Addition Mentally

- The technician can mentally add two or more numbers to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA034 Computes Addition Whole Numbers

- The technician can add whole numbers to accurately determine measurement conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA039 Computes Division Decimals

- The technician can divide decimals to determine measurement conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA041 Computes Division Mentally

- The technician can mentally divide numbers to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA047 Computes Division Whole Numbers

- The technician can divide whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA065 Computes Multiplication Decimals

- The technician can multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA067 Computes Multiplication Mentally

- The technician can mentally multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA073 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers

- The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA084 Computes Subtraction Decimals

- The technician can subtract numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA086 Computes Subtraction Mentally

- The technician can mentally subtract numbers to arrive at a difference for comparison with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA092 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA097 Construct Charts/Tables/Graphs

- The technician can construct a chart, table, or graph that depicts a range of performance characteristics of various system operational conditions that can be used for comparisons.

MA116 Converts Decimals/Fractions Ratios/Percents

- The technician can convert test readings that are in decimal or fraction form to a ratio or percent form for comparison with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA117 Converts Formula Equivalent Form

- The technician can convert variables presented in one form to another that allows an algebraic solution based on known information (e.g. converting E=IR to R=E/I).

MA126 Converts Units English/Metric -- Feet/Meters, e.g.

- The technician can measure/test with tools designed for English or metric measurements and then convert the resulting measurement to the system used by the manufacturers for specifying the correct measurement or tolerance.

MA129 Distinguishes Congruence/Similarity Geometric Figures

- The technician can distinguish whether or not the angle between related parts (e.g. suspension components) is within the manufacturer's specifications.

MA131 Distinguishes Equal/Not Equal

- The technician can distinguish when a measurement or tolerance is not equal to the manufacturer's specification.


- The technician can distinguish the need to use an exact value versus an estimated performance value, depending upon the system malfunction.

MA133 Distinguishes Proportion/Congruence

- The technician can distinguish the congruence of measured tolerances with those specified by the manufacturer.

MA140 Estimates/Rounds Expected Outcomes Everyday Occurrences

- The technician estimates the anticipated performance outcome of a normally operating system as well as expected outcome of everyday occurrences such as the result of a system's parameters being out of the manufacturer's specifications.


- The technician can estimate the results of basic arithmetic operations, and can accurately round up or down depending on the appropriate rule for the situation.

MA153 Formulates/Verifies Angles

- The technician can visually formulate an angle, (e.g. suspension system or drive belt) and verify its conformance to the manufacturer's specified angle.

MA161 Identifies English Measures Length/Volume/Weight

- The technician can determine the degree of conformance to the manufacturer's specifications for length, volume and any other appropriate measurements in the English system.

MA168 Identifies Lines Parallel/Perpendicular - The technician can use measurement devices to determine the parallelism or perpendicularity of chassis, suspension, and other vehicle systems requiring geometric alignment principles.

MA171 Identifies Metric Measures Length/Volume/Weight

- The technician can determine the degree of conformance to the manufacturer's specifications for length, volume and other appropriate measurements using the metric system.


- The technician can discuss symptoms of problems with a customer or associate technician and identify any relevant missing data required to solve the problem.

MA174 Interprets Charts/Tables/Graphs

- The technician can interpret charts, tables, or graphs to determine the manufacturer's specifications for a given system.

MA176 Interprets Symbols <, >, =, e.g.

- The technician interprets symbols to determine compliance with the manufacturer's specifications. MA177 Interprets System of Numbers Place Value

- The technician is able to interpret place value (tenths, hundredths, thousandths) when conducting precision measurements.


- The technician can use angle measurement equipment and techniques to determine any vehicle angle measurement variance from the manufacturer's specifications.

MA181 Measures Direct Distance

- The technician can measure distance using a variety of devices to determine conformance to the manufacturer's tolerances and specifications.

MA182 Measures Direct Temperature

- The technician can use appropriate measurement tools to determine the existing temperature of substances such as a coolant or lubricant.


- The technician can use different time measurement tools and techniques to determine if the system's timed or sequenced operating parameters are in conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA184 Measures Direct Volume

- The technician can use various volume measurement techniques to determine the volume in a system, component, or cylinder.


- The technician can use scales to determine whether the weight of a given component is in conformance with the manufacturer's specified weight.

MA187 Measures Indirect Formulas

- The technician can use formulas to indirectly measure systems that are outside of the manufacturer's specifications.

MA190 Measures Metric Distance

- The technician can use metric measurement instruments to determine correct sizes or distances in the metric system.

MA191 Measures Metric Temperature - The technician can use metric temperature measurement instruments to measure system temperature and determine conformance to metric specifications.

MA192 Measures Metric Volume

- The technician can determine the volume of a vessel when the specifications are in liters. MA193 Measures Metric Weight

- The technician can use metric weighing devices to determine the conformance of a weight to metric tolerances.

MA226 Solves Problems Formulas Specified Symbols

- The technician can use conventional symbols (E for voltage, etc.) to solve problems using formulas such as Ohm's Law, E=IR.

MA228 Solves Problems Fractions/Decimals/ Direct/Indirect Variation

Ratios/Percent - The technician can analyze and solve problems requiring the use of fractions, decimals, ratios, or percentages by a direct or indirect variation of the numerical elements of the problem.

MA229 Solves Problems Generates Conclusions Deductive Reasoning

- The technician can identify the specific cause of the described problem by generating conclusions based on known symptoms related to the problem.

MA230 Solves Problems Proportion

- The technician can solve problems that determine the proportion of variables of a solution and determine if that proportion is within the manufacturer's specifications.

MA232 Solves Problems Proportion Volume

- The technician can solve problems that involve determining whether the proportion of the existing volume is within recommended tolerance when compared to the manufacturer's specifications.

MA238 Solves Problems Trial and Error

- The technician occasionally solves problems by trying a suggested solution and observing the results. MA239 Understands Conditionals

- The technician understands that if the described problem has certain conditions (symptoms), then there are a limited number of probable solutions to the problem.

MA242 Understands Definitions Standards

- The technician can use and conform to standards defined by each manufacturer for the system being analyzed.

MA244 Understands Geometric Figures Visual Perception

- The technician can visually perceive the geometric relationships of systems and sub-systems requiring alignment.

MA245 Understands Line/Angle Relationships

- The technician understands the necessity of verifying that the relationship of parallel lines and angle relationships concur with the manufacturer's specifications when diagnosing a system malfunction.

MA258 Understands Statistics Probability

- The technician understands that problem symptoms can be statistically related to the probability of specific part or system malfunctioning.

MA271 Determines Proper Operation - The technician can determine the proper sequence of arithmetic operations to arrive at a solution when comparing system measurements to the manufacturer's specifications.

MA273 Computes Tolerances/Ranges Mentally

- When comparing the observed measurement to the manufacturer's specifications, the technician can mentally compute whether the observed measurement is out-of-tolerance.

MA274 Computes Proper Operations Mentally

- The technician can determine the proper mathematical operation (addition, multiplication, subtraction or division) and mentally arrive at a solution.

MA275 Identifies Temperatures Fahrenheit/Centigrade

- The technician can identify whether a temperature measurement should be made using a Fahrenheit or Centigrade measuring device.

Page 1RELATED ACADEMIC SKILLS CROSSWALK FOR THE SCIENCE SKILLS





SC012

Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues Waste Management

SCO41 Applies/Uses Laboratory Techniques Safety

SCO42

Applies/Uses Maps/Charts/Tables/Graphs

SC044

Applies/Uses Scientific Methods

SC052 Converts Measurement Units English/Metric

SC114 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions

SC121

Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Inhibitors

SC177

Describes/Explains Electricity

SC178 Describes/Explains Batteries

SC180

Describes/Explains Conductors

SC182 Describes/Explains Current AC-DC

SC184 Describes/Explains Electricity Ground

SC186

Describes/Explains Electricity Parallel/Series Circuits

SC187 Describes/Explains Electricity Short Circuit





SC194 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Motors

SC195 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Solar

SC197 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Transformers

SC198 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement

SC199 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ammeter/Voltmeter

SC201 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Fuse

SC203 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ohm's Law

SC204 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Resistance

SC205 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Voltage

SC211 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions

SC212 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions Activity of Metals





SC213 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions Oxidation/Reduction

SC214

Describes/Explains Electromagnetism

SC215 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Coil

SC217

Describe/Explains Electromagnetism Magnetic Fields/Force

SC233

Describes/Explains Energy Kinetic/Potential

SC249 Describes/Explains Energy Force, Balanced/Unbalanced

SC250 Describes/Explains Force Centrifugal/Centripetal

SC251 Describes/Explains Force Friction

SC255 Describes/Explains Force Pressure

SC259 Describes/Explains Fuels Fractional Distillation

SC260 Describes Fuels Internal/External Combustion

SC273

Describes/Explains Heat

SC274 Describes/Explains Heat Conduction/Convection

SC277 Describes/Explains Heat Expansion/Contraction

SC278 Describes/Explains Heat Fusion/Vaporization





SC280 Describes/Explains Heat Insulation

SC281

Describes/Explains Heat/Radiation

SC282 Describes/Explains Heat Temperature

SC333 Describes/Explains Light Refraction

SC336 Describes/Explains Light Ultraviolet

SC338 Describes/Explains Matter Density/Specific Gravity

SC341 Describes/Explains Matter Phases/States

SC349 Describes/Explains Motion Acceleration/Deceleration

SC350 Describes/Explains Motion Action/Reaction

SC351 Describes/Explains Motion Circular

SC356 Describes/Explains Motion Vibrations/Waves

SC396

Describes/Explains Sound

SC397

Describes/Explains Sound Amplification

SC399

Describes/Explains Sound Carriers/Insulators

SC402

Describes/Explains Sound Decibels/Intensity

SC404

Describes/Explains Sound Frequency-Hertz

SC405 Describes/Explains Sound Hearing

SC406

Describes/Explains Sound Noise/Acoustics

SC407 Describes/Explains Sound Overtones/Harmonics





SC408

Describes/Explains Pitch/Frequency

SC411

Describes/Explains Sound Resonance

SC435 Describes Weather/Climate Barometric Pressure

SC443 Describes/Explains Weather/Climate Relative Humidity

SC445 Describes/Explains Work

SC447 Describes/Explains Work Levers

SC448

Describes/Explains Work Pulleys

SC449 Identifies Acids/Bases

SC467 Identifies Definitions Operational

SC489

Measures Distance/Length

SC492

Measures Force

SC493 Measures Mass/Weight

SC494

Measures Pressure

SC495 Measures Temperature Fahrenheit/Centigrade

SC496 Measures Time

SC497 Measures Volume Liquids/Solids

SC499 Uses Computers Information Processing

SC501 Uses Computers Problem Solving

SC502 Measures Parameters Electrical

SC503

Describes/Explains Fluid System Hydraulics





SC504

Describes/Explains Fluid System Pneumatics

SC505 Describes/Explains Atoms Ions

SC506 Describes/Explains Motion Friction

SC507 Describes/Explains Motion Lubrication

SC508 Describes Matter Metallurgy

SC509 Describes/Explains Electricity Capacitance

SC510

Describes/Explains Fluid System Dynamics

SC511 Describes/Explains Matter Surface Process (Absorption/Adsorption)

SC512

Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Contamination

SC513 Describes Force Torque

SC514 Describes/Explains Electricity Semiconductor Devices

SC515 Describes/Explains Work Simple Machines

SC516 Describes/Explains Motion Rotational

SC517 Describes/Explains Electricity/Generating Generators

SC518 Describes/Explains Electricity Mechanical Transducers

SC519 Describes Electricity Photocells





SC520 Describes Flow Rate

SC522 Applies/Uses Ratio Proportion Mixtures

SC528

Describes/Explains Adhesives/Sealants

SC5531

Describes/Explains Viscosity

Automobile Technician Science Related Academic Skills

for the NATEF Automobile Technician Task Lists


- The technician develops and maintains an understanding of all federal, state, and local rules and regulations regarding environmental issues related to the work of the automobile technician. The technician uses such things as government impact statements, media information, and general knowledge of pollution and waste management to correctly use and dispose of products that result from the performance of a repair task.

SC012 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues Waste Management

- The technician evaluates the waste products resulting from a repair task and handles the disposal of materials in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations.

SC041 Applies/Uses Laboratory Techniques Safety

- The technician follows all safety regulations and applicable procedures while performing the task. SC042 Applies/Uses Maps/Charts/Tables/Graphs

- The technician uses the information in service manual charts, tables, or graphs to determine the manufacturer's specifications for system(s) operation(s) and the appropriate repair/replacement procedure and/or part.

SC044 Applies/Uses Scientific Methods

- The technician develops a theory relative to the cause of the problem based on the information provided, then tests the hypothesis to determine the solution.

SC052 Converts Measurement Units English/Metric

- The technician can convert measurements taken in the English or metric system to specifications stated in terms of either system.


- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the chemical reaction that occurs in the automobile that are related to the combustion of fuels, catalytic converters, and contamination introduced into the system.

SC121 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Inhibitors

- The technician can explain the purpose of having additives in automobile lubricants. SC177 Describes/Explains Electricity

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and explain the properties of electricity that impact the lighting, engine management, and other electrical systems in the vehicle.

SC178 Describes/Explains Batteries

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the electrochemical reactions that occur in wet and dry cell batteries.

SC180 Describes/Explains Conductors

- The technician can explain the difference between electrical conductors and insulators.

SC182 Describes/Explains Current AC-DC - The technician can explain the difference between direct and alternating current.

SC184 Describes/Explains Electricity Ground

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics of a quality electrical ground and the problems associated with having an electrical circuit inadequately grounded.

SC186 Describes/Explains Electricity Parallel/Series Circuits

- The technician can explain current flow and voltage in series and parallel circuits. SC187 Describes/Explains Electricity Short Circuit

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the processes used to locate a short circuit in the electrical/electronic system.

SC194 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Motors

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of the generator in maintaining battery and system voltage.

SC195 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Solar

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of solar panels in maintaining battery voltage and operating selected accessories.

SC197 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Transformers

- The technician can explain the ignition coil transformer's role in generating the high voltage required to fire a sparkplug.

SC198 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the correct procedure to measure the electrical parameters of voltage, current, resistance, or power.

SC199 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ammeter/Voltmeter

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how to correctly measure electrical current and voltage in a circuit.

SC201 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Fuse

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and explain the role of a fuse or fusible link when used as a protective device in an electrical or electronic circuit.

SC203 Describe/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ohm's Law

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and explain the use of Ohm's Law in verifying circuit parameters (resistance, voltage, amperage).


- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the relationship of resistance to heat, voltage drop, and circuit parameters.

SC205 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Voltage

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and explain system voltage generation, uses, and characteristics.

SC211 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the ion transfer process that occurs in an automotive battery.

SC212 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions Activity of Metals - The technician can explain the conductivity problems in a circuit when connectors corrode due to electrochemical reactions.

SC213 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions Oxidation/Reduction

- The technician can explain the effect of oxidation on electrical connections. SC214 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism

- The technician can explain the relationship between electrical current in a conductor and magnetic field when produced in a coil such as the starter solenoid.

SC215 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Coil

- The technician can explain how a coil can increase the battery voltage needed to fire a sparkplug. SC217 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Magnetic Fields/Force

- The technician can explain the effect of magnetic fields on unshielded circuits in control modules. SC233 Describes/Explains Energy Kinetic/Potential

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the kinetic and potential energy relationships that occur in valve systems, ignition systems, and other stored energy systems such as springs and fuels.

SC249 Describes/Explains Energy Force, Balanced/Unbalanced

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of balanced and unbalanced forces on linear or rotating vehicle assemblies.

SC250 Describes/Explains Force Centrifugal/Centripetal

- The technician can explain the relationship of centrifugal/centripetal force to the functioning or failure of a rotating system.


- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of friction and its effects on linear and rotational motion.


- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the concept of pressure in relation to the concept of force.

SC259 Describes/Explains Fuels Fractional Distillation

- The technician can explain the ignition characteristics of fuels resulting from varying levels of fractional distillation (fuels with differing chemical make ups).

SC260 Describes/Explains Fuels Internal/External Combustion

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how fuel characteristics effect combustion in an automotive engine.

SC273 Describes/Explains Heat

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the effect of heat on automotive systems. SC274 Describes/Explains Heat Conduction/Convection

- The technician is able to explain the concept of heat transfer in terms of conduction, radiation, and convection in various automotive systems.

SC277 Describes/Explains Heat Expansion/Contraction - The technician is able to demonstrate an understanding of the expansion and contraction of various system parts as a result of heat generated during the use and cooling of the system when not in operation.


- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the effect of how adding heat causes a change in state of matter, such as from a solid to a liquid to a gas.


- The technician can explain the role of insulation in maintaining stable temperatures. SC281 Describes/Explains Heat Radiation

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the method of heat transfer which involves infrared rays.

SC282 Describes/Explains Heat Temperature

- The technician can explain the differences between heat and temperature and demonstrate an understanding of how to measure each.

SC333 Describes/Explains Light Refraction

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of refraction as it occurs in systems that employ fiber optics.

SC336 Describes/Explains Light Ultraviolet

- The technician can explain that dyes added to lubricants fluoresce in ultraviolet light and can provide a process for determining the source of leakage.


- The technician can explain the need for a specific gravity test of battery electrolyte to determine charge. SC341 Describes/Explains Matter Phases/States

- The technician can explain in detail the three states of matter. SC349 Describes/Explains Motion Acceleration/Deceleration

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the process of a vehicle's acceleration and deceleration as a function of weight and available power.

SC350 Describes/Explains Motion Action/Reaction

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the reaction of fluid to the motion of a valve or piston.

SC351 Describes/Explains Motion Circular

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of circular motion in a part in a vehicle as it relates to such events as toe out on turns and tracking.

SC356 Describes/Explains Motion Vibrations/Waves

- The technician is able to demonstrate an understanding of the cause and types of vibrations caused by out-of-balance or excessively worn systems.

SC396 Describes/Explains Sound

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role sound plays in the cause of various problems in the vehicle.

SC397 Describes/Explains Sound Amplification - The technician can explain to a customer how sound can be amplified due to resonant cavities and other physical characteristics of the vehicle.

SC399 Describes/Explains Sound Carriers/Insulators

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how sound generated in one place in the body and engine can be carried to other parts of the engine through metal and other materials.

SC402 Describes/Explains Sound Decibels/Intensity

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how sound intensity can be measured. SC404 Describes/Explains Sound Frequency-Hertz

- The technician is able to explain the relationship of the frequency of the sound to a normal or abnormally operating system.


- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of listening to sounds as part of the trouble-shooting process.

SC406 Describes/Explains Sound Noise/Acoustics

- The technician is able to demonstrate an understanding of why a specific noise sounds different depending on the acoustics of the vehicle.

SC407 Describes/Explains Sound Overtones/Harmonics

- The technician can explain that the presence of overtones may indicate changes in vibrations in various systems.

SC408 Describes/Explains Sound Pitch/Frequency

- The technician can explain the relationships of pitch to frequency. SC411 Describes/Explains Sound Resonance

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of what happens when an object resonates. SC435 Describes Weather/Climate Barometric Pressure

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the relationship of barometric pressure to engine performance.


- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and discuss relative humidity in terms of effect on climate control, i.e., heating and air conditioning.


- The technician can explain the relationship of engine torque to vehicle performance (horsepower). SC447 Describes/Explains Work Levers

- The technician can explain how levers can be used to increase an applied force over distance. SC448 Describes/Explains Work Pulleys

- The technician can explain how pulleys can be used to increase an applied force over distance. SC449 Identifies Acids/Bases

- The technician can identify the effects of the pH of a solution on various systems.

SC467 Identifies Definitions Operational - The technician is able to identify and define terms that specifically relate to automotive systems, diagnosis, service, and repair.

SC489 Measures Distance/Length

- The technician uses precision measuring devices to determine if wear and adjustments are within the manufacturer's specifications, and to assure that replacement parts meet the manufacturer's specifications.

SC492 Measures Force

- The technician uses tension gauges such as a torque wrench to measure the force or tension required to tighten connections according to the manufacturer's specifications.

SC493 Measures Mass/Weight

- The technician uses a scale to measure component weight in order to balance rotating systems. SC494 Measures Pressure

- The technician uses pressure measuring tools to determine pressures in hydraulic or pneumatic systems and compares them to the manufacturer's specifications.

SC495 Measures Temperature Fahrenheit/Centigrade

- The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure system temperatures and then converts them to Fahrenheit or Centigrade as required.

SC496 Measures Time

- The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure time and compares the results to the manufacturer's specifications.

SC497 Measures Volume Liquids/Solids

- The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure the volume of liquids in a system and then compares it to the manufacturer's specifications.

SC499 Uses Computers Information Processing

- The technician uses computer databases for information retrieval and for input devices to process information for customers, billing purposes, warranty work, and other record-keeping purposes.

SC501 Uses Computers Problem Solving

- The technician uses computers, input devices, and on-board data feeds to solve problems. SC502 Measures Parameters Electrical

- The technician uses precision electrical test equipment to measure current, voltage, resistance, continuity, and/or power.

SC503 Describes/Explains Fluid System Hydraulics

- The technician can explain how an applied force at one location can be transmitted via fluid pressure to provide a force at a remote location on the vehicle.

SC504 Describes/Explains Fluid System Pneumatics

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the physical properties in pneumatic systems. SC505 Describes/Explains Atoms Ions

- The technician can explain catalytic converter principles which modify emission gases at the atomic level to provide a low level of HC, CO, and NOx in the final exhaust.

SC506 Describes/Explains Motion Friction - The technician can explain the role that friction plays in the acceleration and deceleration of objects as well as the need for lubrication of adjacent parts in order to minimize friction.

SC507 Describes/Explains Motion Lubrication

- The technician can discuss the role of lubrication in relation to the concept of friction. SC508 Describes/Explains Matter Metallurgy

- The technician can explain the criticality of metals with different hardness, depending on the function and location of the metal.


- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of capacitance in timer circuits, such as RC timers or a MAP sensor wherein the changing manifold pressure causes two metal discs to act like a capacitor, sending a varying voltage to the electronic engine control system.

SC510 Describes/Explains Fluid System Dynamics

- The technician can explain the dynamic control properties of a hydraulic system. SC511 Describes/Explains Matter Surface Process (Absorption/Adsorption)

- The technician can explain the surface process that occurs on system seals due to absorption of the contained materials.

SC512 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Contamination

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how a contaminated liquid can cause a chemical reaction which results in the deterioration of performance.

SC513 Describes/Explains Force Torque

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how torque relates to force and angular acceleration. SC514 Describes/Explains Electricity Semiconductor Devices

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the ability of semiconductor devices to rapidly modify engine operation parameters depending on multiple inputs from engine operational sensors.


- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how cams, pulleys, and levers are used to multiply force or transfer directions of force in a mechanical system.

SC516 Describes/Explains Motion Rotational

- The technician can explain how rotational motion can be changed to linear motion and why balance is important in these rotating systems.

SC517 Describes/Explains Electricity-Generating Generators

- The technician can explain how the movement of a conductor in a magnetic field can generate electricity. SC518 Describes/Explains Electricity Mechanical Transducers

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role mechanical transducers play in sending an electrical control signal to modify the system's operating characteristics.

SC519 Describes/Explains Electricity Photocells

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the purpose of photocells and the measurement processes used to determine its output.

SC520 Describes/Explains Flow Rate - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how variances in flow rate in air flow sensors or cooling systems can affect engine performance.

SC522 Applies/Uses Ratio Proportion Mixtures

- The technician can correctly use proportions. SC528 Describes/Explains Adhesives/Sealants

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how surface processes and cohesive/adhesive forces aid in glues, tapes, and sealants.

SC531 Describes/Explains Viscosity

- The technician can explain fluid viscosity as a measurement and why it is important to engine performance.

NATEF/ASE Engine Repair Task List Language Arts Related Academic Skills LA001 Adapts Diction/Structure

- The technician adapts diction/structure to accommodate the context of all verbal and written communication.

LA005 Adapts Strategy Listening - The technician adapts a strategy for listening that will provide the information required to solve the engine repair problem.

LA006 Adapts Strategy Reading - The technician adapts a reading strategy for all written materials, e.g. customer's notes, service manuals, shop manuals, technical bulletins, and computer/data feed readouts, etc., that will help identify the solution to the engine repair problem.

LA007 Adapts Strategy Speaking - The technician adapts a strategy for speaking to the customer, supervisor, and fellow employees that will yield the highest quality usable information for solving engine repair problems.

LA008 Adapts Strategy Writing - The technician adapts a writing strategy to a format most appropriate for the intended audience (e.g. customers, supervisor, or fellow employees) when documenting repair information.

LA009 Adapts Style - The technician adapts a style for speaking and writing that will yield effective communication based on the purpose of the communication.

LA013 Applies/Uses Definitions - The technician can apply industry definitions to solve problems in various components and systems of the engine.

LA020 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods - The technician uses study habits and methods when consulting the manufacturer's publications on engine repair, e.g. shop manuals, references, and computer databases.

LA022 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Prior Knowledge - In the diagnostic process, the technician uses prior knowledge of similar problems to determine the specific cause(s) of the problem.

LA023 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Skimming/Scanning - The technician will visually skim or scan the manufacturer's service manuals or data bases to identify information that is related to any unfamiliar system under review, then study the applicable information with the intensity necessary for the situation.

LA035 Attends Directions/Task - The technician attends to written and oral directions that relate to the engine repair task or system under study.

LA036 Attends Nonverbal Cues - The technician attends to nonverbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to identify and solve the problem.

LA037 Attends Verbal Cues - The technician attends to verbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve the problem.

LA038 Collects/Organizes Information-Oral/Written - The technician collects and organizes oral and written information based on discussions, notes, observation, personal experiences, and data collection that will assist in the problem analysis and solution process.

LA069 Composes/Edits Notes - The technician jots down notes on symptoms, possible causes of the problem, and other data that will aid diagnosis of the engine repair problem.

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LA074 Composes/Edits Paragraphs

- The technician composes complete and accurate paragraphs that include information on symptoms, diagnosis, and appropriate details when preparing engine repair warranty claims or information forinclusion on work orders.

LA098 Composes/Edits Reports/Essays Summaries - The technician uses appropriate grammar and sentence structure when summarizing problems in reports on engine repair.

LA099 Composes/Edits Sentences - The technician uses conventional sentence structure, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation when composing sentences for warranty reports and work orders.

LA121 Comprehends Information-Oral - The technician can comprehend information presented during discussions with customers and associates regarding problem symptoms and potential solutions.

LA132 Comprehends Information-Written - The technician can comprehend and apply written information needed for the diagnosis and repair of engines and associated subsystems.

LA134 Comprehends Information-Written Cause/Effect Relationships - The technician uses and comprehends cause effect relationships (problems solving or decision trees) presented in service manuals.

LA136 Comprehends Information-Written Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for engine operation to identify out of tolerance systems/subsystems.

LA147 Comprehends Information-Written Sequence - The technician comprehends the sequence of written material to determine applicable technical information required for solving specific engine repair problems.

LA167 Evaluates Information-Oral - The technician can evaluate the usefulness of oral information from customers, non-print media, or associates when analyzing an engine repair problem.

LA180 Evaluates Information-Written - The technician evaluates the usefulness of available written information for analysis of the engine problem symptoms being evaluated.


LA231 Identifies Purpose/Strategy Listening/Reading/Speaking/Writing - The technician identifies both purpose and effective strategies for listening, reading, speaking, and writing when dealing with customers, associates, and supervisors.

LA236 Infers/Predicts Information-Oral - During discussions with customers, associates, and supervisors, the technician makes inferences and predicts solutions to problems.

LA247 Infers/Predicts Information-Written - The technician infers the problem and predicts the solution to the engine repair problem from the information provided on the work order.

LA256 Infers/Predicts Information-Written Outcomes/Solutions - The technician makes inferences and recommends solutions to the problem from the information provided on the work order.

LA266 Presents Informal Speech Information Requests - The technician requests specific information relative to the symptoms of the problem from the customer, and possible solutions to the problem from associates and supervisors.

LA267 Presents Informal Speech Information Supplying - The technician supplies clarifying information to customers, associates, the parts supplier, and the supervisor.

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LA271 Uses Dictionary

-The technician refers to the dictionary to define terms when necessary as part of the problem solving process.

LA278 Uses Text Resources - The technician uses text resources such as glossaries of terms, service manual indexes, database menus, and tables of contents to gather data for engine diagnosis and repair.

LA283 Uses Media Resources Databases - The technician uses computerized and other databases to obtain system information.

LA285 Comprehends Information-Written Operator's Manual - The technician can comprehend and apply information in operator's manuals to operate and maintain automotive tools and equipment.

LA286 Uses Text Resources Service (Shop) Manual - The technician uses the service manual, in both database and hard copy formats, to identify manufacturer's specifications for system operation and potential malfunctions.

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NATEF/ASE Engine Repair Task List Mathematics Related Academic Skills MA026 Computes Addition Decimals

- The technician can add numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA028 Computes Addition Mentally - The technician can mentally add two or more numbers to determine conformance of multiple measurements with manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA034 Computes Addition Whole Numbers - The technician can add whole numbers to determine measured component conformance with manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA039 Computes Division Decimals - The technician can divide decimals to determine measurement conformance with manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA041 Computes Division Mentally - The technician can mentally divide numbers to determine conformance with manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA047 Computes Division Whole Numbers - The technician can divide whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA065 Computes Multiplication Decimals - The technician can multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA067 Computes Multiplication Mentally - The technician can mentally multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA073 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA084 Computes Subtraction Decimals - The technician can subtract numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA086 Computes Subtraction Mentally - The technician can mentally subtract numbers to arrive at a difference for comparison with manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA092 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine difference for comparison with manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA097 Construct Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician can construct a chart, table or graph that will depict a range of performance characteristics for comparison of various system operational conditions.

MA116 Converts Decimals/Fractions Ratios/Percents - The technician can convert test readings that are in decimal or fraction form to a ratio or percent for comparison with manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA126 Converts Units Metric/English -- Meters/Feet, e.g. - The technician can measure/test with tools designed for metric or English measurements and then convert the resulting measurement to the manufacturer's system used for specifying the correct measurement or tolerance.

MA129 Distinguishes Congruence/Similarity Geometric Figures - The technician can distinguish whether or not the drive belt angle is within manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

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MA131 Distinguishes Equal/Not Equal - The technician can distinguish when a measurement or tolerance is not equal to the manufacturer's specification.

MA132 Distinguishes Estimate/Exact Value - The technician knows when to use an exact value versus an estimated measurement value, depending upon the engine sub-system being repaired.

MA133 Distinguishes Proportion/Congruence - The technician can distinguish the congruence of the measured tolerances with those specified by the manufacturer.

MA140 Estimates/Rounds Expected Outcomes Everyday Occurrences - The technician estimates the performance of a normally operating engine as well as the expected outcome of everyday occurrences such as the malfunction of the engine cooling system.

MA146 Estimates/Rounds Numbers Add/Subtract/Divide/Multiply - The technician can estimate the results of basic arithmetic operations and can accurately round up or down depending on the appropriate rule for the situation.

MA153 Formulates/Verifies Angles - The technician can visually formulate a drive belt angle and verify the conformance to manufacturer's specified angle.

MA161 Identifies English Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's engine repair specifications for length, volume, and other appropriate measurements in the English system.

MA168 Identifies Lines Parallel/Perpendicular - The technician can use measurement devices to determine the parallelism of engine component alignment.

MA171 Identifies Metric Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's engine repair specifications for length, volume and other appropriate measurements using the metric system.

MA174 Interprets Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's engine repair specifications for engine parameters and clearances.

MA176 Interprets Symbols <, >, =, e.g. - The technician interprets symbols to determine manufacturer's specified clearances.

MA177 Interprets System of Numbers Place Value - The technician is able to interpret place value (tenths, hundredths, thousandths) when conducting precision measurements.

MA181 Measures Direct Distance - The technician measures engine clearances to determine conformance to manufacturer's tolerance specifications.

MA182 Measures Direct Temperature - The technician uses measurement tools to determine the present temperature of coolant or lubricant.

MA185 Measures Direct Weight - The technician can use scales to determine the conformance of engine components to manufacturer's specified weight.

MA190 Measures Metric Distance - The technician uses metric measurement instruments to determine engine clearances using the metric system.


MA192 Measures Metric Volume - The technician can determine the volume of a cylinder where the specification is in liters.

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MA193 Measures Metric Weight - The technician can use metric scales to determine the conformance of engine component weight to metric tolerances.

MA228 Solves Problems Fractions/Decimals/ Direct/Indirect Variation Ratios/Percent

- The technician can analyze and solve problems requiring the use of fractions, decimals, ratios, or percentages by a direct or indirect variation of the numerical elements of the problem.

MA229 Solves Problems Generates Conclusions Deductive Reasoning - The technician can identify the specific cause of an engine problem by generating conclusions based on the general symptoms of the problem.

MA239 Understands Conditionals - The technician understands that if the engine problem has certain conditions (symptoms), then there are a limited number of solutions to the problem.

MA242 Understands Definitions Standards - The technician uses and comprehends standards defined by each manufacturer for the engine sub-system being analyzed.

MA244 Understands Geometric Figures Visual Perception - The technician can visually perceive the geometric figure relationship of systems and sub-systems that require geometric alignment.

MA245 Understands Line/Angle Relationships - When diagnosing an engine malfunction, the technician understands the necessity of verifying that the parallel lines and angle relationships concur with manufacturer's specification.

MA258 Understands Statistics Probability - The technician understands that engine problem symptoms are statistically related to the probability of specific part or system malfunction.

MA271 Determine Proper Operation - The technician can determine the proper sequence of arithmetic operations to arrive at a solution when comparing system measurements to the manufacturer's engine repair specifications.

MA273 Computes Tolerances/Ranges Mentally - When comparing clearances to manufacturer's engine repair specifications, the technician can mentally compute whether the observed measurement is out-of-tolerance.

MA274 Computes Proper Operations Mentally - The technician can determine the proper operation (addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division) and mentally arrive at a solution.

MA275 Identifies Temperatures F/C - The technician can identify whether a temperature measurement should be made using a fahrenheit or centigrade measuring device.

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NATEF/ASE Engine Repair Task List Science Related Academic Skills SC007 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues

- The technician develops and maintains an understanding of all federal, state, and local rules and regulations regarding environmental issues related to the work of the automobile technician. The technician uses such things as government impact statements, media information, and general knowledge of pollution and waste management to correctly use and dispose of waste products that result from the performance of a repair task.

SC012 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues Waste Management - The technician evaluates the waste products resulting from an engine repair task and handles the disposal of materials in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations.

SC041 Applies/Uses Laboratory Techniques Safety - The technician follows all safety regulations and related procedures while repairing the engine and working with hoists, lifts, and fluids.

SC042 Applies/Uses Maps/Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician uses the information in service manual charts and tables to determine manufacturer's specifications for system components and the appropriate engine repair/replacement procedure.

SC044 Applies/Uses Scientific Methods - The technician observes and gathers data from the symptoms and service manuals/bulletins to develop a hypothesis as to the cause of the engine problem. The technician tests the hypothesis to determine repairs to the engine assembly/sub-assembly.

SC052 Converts Measurement Units English/Metric - The technician converts measurements taken using the English or metric system to specifications stated in either system to arrive at a conclusion regarding assembly/sub-assembly status.

SC177 Describes/Explains Electricity - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and explain the properties of electricity that impact on engine management and other electrical systems in the vehicle.

SC180 Describes/Explains Conductors - The technician can explain the difference between engine electrical conductors and insulators.


SC184 Describes/Explains Electricity Ground - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics of a quality electrical ground and the problems associated with an inadequate electrical circuit ground.

SC186 Describes/Explains Electricity Parallel/Series Circuits - The technician can explain current flow and voltage in series and parallel circuits.

SC187 Describes/Explains Electricity Short Circuit - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the processes used to locate a short circuit in the engine's electrical/electronic system.

SC194 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Motors - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of the generator in maintaining the engine's battery and system voltage.

SC195 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Solar - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of solar panels in maintaining the engine's battery voltage and operating selected accessories.

SC198 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the correct procedure to measure the electrical parameters of voltage, current, resistance, or power.

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SC199 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ammeter/Voltmeter - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how to correctly measure electrical current and voltage in a circuit.

SC201 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Fuse - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and explain the role of a fuse or fusible link as a protective device in an electrical or electronic circuit.

SC203 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ohm's Law - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and explain the use of Ohm's Law in verifying circuit parameters (resistance, voltage, amperage).

SC204 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Resistance - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the relationship of resistance to heat, voltage drop, and circuit parameters.

SC205 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Voltage - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and explain system voltage generation, uses, and characteristics.


SC213 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions Oxidation/Reduction - The technician can explain the effect of oxidation on electrical connections related to engine repair.

SC214 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism - The technician can explain the relationship between electrical current in a conductor and magnetic field produced in a coil such as the starter solenoid.

SC215 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Coil - The technician can explain how a coil can increase the battery voltage needed to fire a sparkplug.

SC217 Describe/Explains Electromagnetism Magnetic Fields/Force - The technician can explain the effect of magnetic fields on unshielded circuits in control modules.

SC233 Describes/Explains Energy Kinetic/Potential - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the kinetic and potential energy relationships that occur in valve systems, ignition systems, and other stored energy systems such as springs and fuels.

SC249 Describes/Explains Energy Force, Balanced/Unbalanced - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of balanced and unbalanced forces on linear or rotating engine assembly.

SC250 Describes/Explains Force Centrifugal/Centripetal - The technician can explain the relationship of centrifugal/centripetal force to the failure of a rotating system in the engine assembly.

SC273 Describes/Explains Heat - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the effect of heat on automotive engine systems.

SC274 Describes/Explains Heat Conduction/Convection - The technician is able to explain the concept of heat transfer in terms of conduction, radiation, and convection in automotive engine systems.

SC277 Describes/Explains Heat Expansion/Contraction - The technician is able to demonstrate an understanding of the expansion and contraction of various engine parts as a result of heat generated during the use and cooling of the engine when not in operation.

SC278 Describes/Explains Heat Fusion/Vaporization - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the effect of how adding heat to an engine causes a change in state of matter, such as from a solid to liquid to gas.

SC280 Describes/Explains Heat Insulation - The technician can explain the role of insulation in maintaining stable temperatures in the automobile engine.

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SC281 Describes/Explains Heat Radiation - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the method of heat transfer which involves infrared rays.

SC282 Describes/Explains Heat Temperature - The technician can explain the differences between heat and temperature and demonstrate an understanding of measurements for each in the automobile engine.

SC336 Describes/Explains Light Ultraviolet - The technician can explain to the customer why dyes added to lubricants fluoresce in ultraviolet light, providing a process to determine the source of leakage.

SC338 Describes/Explains Matter Density/Specific Gravity - The technician can explain the need for a specific gravity test of battery electrolyte to determine charge.

SC356 Describes/Explains Motion Vibrations/Waves - The technician is able to describe the cause and types of vibrations caused by out-of-balance or excessively worn engine parts.

SC396 Describes/Explains Sound - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role sound plays in the diagnosis of various problems in the engine.

SC397 Describes/Explains Sound Amplification - The technician can explain to a customer how sound can be amplified due to resonant cavities and other physical characteristics of the engine.

SC399 Describes/Explains Sound Carriers/Insulators - The technician can describe how sound generated one place in the engine can be carried to other parts of the engine through metal.

SC402 Describes/Explains Sound Decibels/Intensity - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how sound intensity can be measured.

SC404 Describes/Explains Sound Frequency-Hertz - The technician is able to explain the relationship of the frequency of the sound to a specific engine part failure.

SC406 Describes/Explains Sound Noise/Acoustics - The technician is able to describe why a specific noise sounds different depending on the acoustics of the engine.

SC407 Describes/Explains Sound Overtones/Harmonics - The technician can explain that the presence of overtones may indicate changes in vibrations of various systems and therefore necessitate repair or replacement of engine parts.

SC408 Describes/Explains Sound Pitch/Frequency - The technician can explain the relationships of pitch to frequency in diagnosing engine problems.

SC411 Describes/Explains Sound Resonance - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of what happens when an object resonates.

SC435 Describes Weather/Climate Barometric Pressure - The technician can describe the relationship of barometric pressure to engine performance.

SC443 Describes/Explains Weather/Climate Relative Humidity - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and discuss relative humidity in terms of effect on engine performance.

SC447 Describes/Explains Work Levers - The technician can explain how levers can be used to increase an applied force or distance, for example, how a non-production rocker arm uses lever principles to vary the amount and time a valve opens.

SC448 Describes/Explains Work Pulleys - The technician can explain how pulleys can be used to increase an applied force or distance.

SC467 Identifies Definitions Operational - The technician is able to identify and define terms that specifically relate to automotive systems, diagnosis, service, and repair.

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SC489 Measures Distance/Length - The technician uses precision measuring devices to determine if engine clearances and adjustments are within manufacturer's specifications, and to assure that repair or replacement parts meet manufacturer's specifications.

SC492 Measures Force - The technician uses tension gauges to determine tension or force in a system. Also, the technician will indirectly measure force when using a torque wrench in tightening connections according to manufacturer's specifications.

SC493 Measures Mass/Weight - The technician uses a scale to measure component weight to balance rotating systems in engine performance.

SC494 Measures Pressure - The technician uses pressure measuring tools to determine pressure in a hydraulic or pneumatic system.

SC495 Measures Temperature Fahrenheit/Centigrade - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure system temperatures and then converts them to Fahrenheit/Centigrade as required in engine repair.

SC497 Measures Volume Liquids/Solids - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure the volume of liquids in a system and then compares it to the manufacturer's engine specifications.

SC499 Uses Computers Information Processing - The technician uses computer databases for information retrieval and input devices to process information for engine specifications, factory bulletins, warranty work, and record keeping purposes.

SC501 Uses Computers Problem Solving - The technician uses computers and peripheral input devices to identify engine parameters that are out of manufacturer's specifications.

SC502 Measures Parameters Electrical - The technician uses precision electrical test equipment to measure current, voltage, resistance, continuity, and/or power.

SC503 Describes/Explains Fluid System Hydraulics - The technician can explain how an applied force at one location within the engine can be transmitted via fluid pressure to provide a force at a remote engine location.

SC504 Describes/Explains Fluid System Pneumatics - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the physical properties in an engine's pneumatic system.

SC506 Describes/Explains Motion Friction - The technician can explain the role that friction plays in acceleration and deceleration of objects.

SC507 Describes/Explains Motion Lubrication - The technician can explain to the customer the need for lubrication of engine parts to minimize friction as a result of motion at the junction of the parts.

SC508 Describes Matter Metallurgy - The technician can explain the criticality of metals with different hardness, depending on the function and location of the metal in the engine.

SC510 Describes/Explains Fluid System Dynamics - The technician can explain the dynamic control properties of the engine's hydraulic system.

SC511 Describes/Explains Matter Surface Process (Absorption/Adsorption) - The technician can explain the surface process that occurs on system seals due to absorption of the contained materials.

SC512 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Contamination - The technician can describe how the contaminants in oil contribute to engine failure.

SC513 Describes Force Torque - The technician can describe how engine torque relates to the ability to move the vehicle.

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SC514 Describes/Explains Electricity Semiconductor Devices - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the ability of semiconductor devices to rapidly modify engine operation parameters depending on multiple inputs from engine operational sensors.

SC515 Describes/Explains Work Simple Machines - The technician can describe how cams, pulleys, and levers are used to multiply force or transfer directions of force in the engine.

SC516 Describes/Explains Motion Rotational - The technician can explain how engine rotational motion is changed to linear motion and the need for balance in rotating systems.

SC518 Describes/Explains Electricity Mechanical Transducers - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role mechanical transducers have in sending an electrical control signal to modify system operating characteristics in the engine.

SC519 Describes Electricity Photocells - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the purpose of photocells and the measurement processes used to determine its output in the engine.

SC520 Describes Flow Rate - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how variances in flow rate in air flow sensors or cooling systems can effect engine performance.

SC528 Describes/Explains Adhesives/Sealants - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how surface processes and cohesive/adhesive forces aid in glues, tapes, and sealants.

SC531 Describes/Explains Viscosity - The technician can explain viscosity as a measurement and its relationship to fluids in the engine.

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NATEF/ASE Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Task List Language Arts Related Academic Skills LA001 Adapts Diction/Structure

- The technician adapts diction/structure to accommodate the context of all verbal communication. LA005 Adapts Strategy Listening

- The technician adapts a strategy for listening that will provide the information required to solve the automatic transmission and transaxle problem.

LA006 Adapts Strategy Reading - The technician adapts a reading strategy for all written materials, e.g. customer's notes, service manuals, shop manuals, technical bulletins, and computer/data feed readouts, etc., that will help identify the solution to the automatic transmission and transaxle problem.

LA007 Adapts Strategy Speaking - The technician adapts a communication strategy for the customer, supervisor, and fellow employees that will yield the highest quality usable information for use in solving transmission and transaxle problems.


LA009 Adapts Style - The technician adapts a style for speaking and writing that is consistent with the purpose of the communication.

LA013 Applies/Uses Definitions - The technician can apply industry definitions to solve problems in various components and systems of the automobile transmission and transaxle.

LA020 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods - The technician uses study habits and methods when consulting automatic transmission and transaxle specifications in the manufacturer's publications (shop manuals and references) for automatic transmission/transaxle problem solving.

LA022 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Prior Knowledge - In the diagnostic process, the technician uses prior knowledge of similar automatic transmission and transaxle problems to determine the specific cause(s) of the problem under study.

LA023 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Skimming/Scanning - The technician will visually skim or scan the manufacturer's service manuals or databases to identify information that is related to any unfamiliar system under review, then study the applicable information with the intensity necessary for the situation.

LA035 Attends Directions/Task - The technician attends to all written and oral directions that relate to operating parameters of the automatic transmission and transaxle.

LA036 Attends Nonverbal Cues - The technician attends to nonverbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve the automatic transmission and transaxle problem.

LA037 Attends Verbal Cues - The technician attends to verbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve the automatic transmission and transaxle problem.

LA038 Collects/Organizes Information-Oral/Written - The technician collects and organizes oral and written information based on discussions, notes, observations, personal experiences, and data collection that will assist in the problem analysis and solution process.

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LA069 Composes/Edits Notes - The technician jots down notes on symptoms, possible causes of the problem, and other data that will aid diagnosis and problem solving.

LA074 Composes/Edits Paragraphs - The technician composes complete and accurate paragraphs that include information on symptoms, diagnosis, and appropriate details when preparing warranty claims or information for inclusion on work orders.

LA098 Composes/Edits Reports/Essays Summaries - The technician uses appropriate grammar and sentence structure when summarizing problems in automatic transmission and transaxle reports.


LA121 Comprehends Information-Oral - The technician can comprehend information presented during discussions with customers and associates regarding shifting, noise or leakage problem symptoms, and potential solutions.

LA132 Comprehends Information-Written - The technician comprehends and applies available written information needed to diagnose, analyze, and solve automatic transmission and transaxle problems.

LA134 Comprehends Information-Written Cause/Effect Relationships - The technician uses and comprehends cause/effect relationships (problems solving trees) presented in service manuals.

LA136 Comprehends Information-Written Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for system operation to identify out of tolerance shift points and linkage adjustments.

LA147 Comprehends Information-Written Sequence - The technician consults written information to determine the applicable technical sequence required for solving a specific automatic transmission and transaxle problem.

LA167 Evaluates Information-Oral - The technician can evaluate the usefulness of oral information from customers or associates when analyzing a shifting/noise problem.

LA180 Evaluates Information-Written - The technician evaluates the usefulness of available written information for analysis of the shifting and/or noise symptoms being evaluated.

LA215 Identifies Information-Written Abbreviations/Acronyms - The technician can identify and use written abbreviations and acronyms in diagnosis and solving problems related to the automatic transmission and transaxle.

LA231 Identifies Purpose/Strategy Listening/Reading/Speaking/Writing - In all written and oral communications, the technician identifies the purpose for the communication and then identifies the most effective strategies for listening, reading, speaking, and writing to facilitate the communication.

LA236 Infers/Predicts Information-Oral - The technician makes inferences and recommends solutions to problems based on discussions with customers, associates and supervisors.

LA247 Infers/Predicts Information-Written - The technician makes inferences and predicts the solution to the problem from the information provided on the work order.

LA256 Infers/Predicts Information-Written Outcomes/Solutions - The technician makes inferences and solves problems from the information provided on the work order.

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- The technician requests specific information relative to the symptoms of the automatic transmission and transaxle problem from the customer, and possible solutions to the problem from associates and supervisors.


LA271 Uses Dictionary -The technician refers to the dictionary to define terms when necessary to solve automatic transmission and transaxle problems.

LA278 Uses Text Resources - The technician uses text resources such as glossaries of terms, service manual indexes, database menus, and tables of contents to gather data for automatic transmission and transaxle diagnosis and repair.

LA283 Uses Media Resources Databases - The technician uses computerized and other databases to obtain system information.


LA286 Uses Text Resources Service (Shop) Manual - The technician uses the service manual, in both database and hard copy formats, to identify the manufacturer's specifications for automatic transmission and transaxle system operation and potential malfunctions.

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NATEF/ASE Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Task List Mathematics Related Academic Skills MA001 Calculates/Evaluates Algebraic Expressions

- The technician can use Ohm's Law to determine circuit parameters that are out-of-tolerance. MA026 Computes Addition Decimals

- The technician can add numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications.

MA028 Computes Addition Mentally - The technician can mentally add two or more numbers to determine conformance with the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications.

MA034 Computes Addition Whole Numbers - The technician can add whole numbers to accurately determine measurement conformance with the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications.

MA041 Computes Division Mentally - The technician can mentally divide numbers to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA047 Computes Division Whole Numbers - The technician can divide whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications.

MA065 Computes Multiplication Decimals - The technician can multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications.

MA067 Computes Multiplication Mentally - The technician can mentally multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications.

MA073 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications.

MA084 Computes Subtraction Decimals - The technician can subtract numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications.

MA086 Computes Subtraction Mentally - The technician can mentally subtract numbers to arrive at a difference for comparison with the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications.

MA092 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications.

MA126 Converts Units English/Metric -- Feet/Meters, e.g. - The technician can measure/test with tools designed for English or metric measurements and then convert the resulting measurement to the system used by the manufacturers for specifying the correct measurement or tolerance.

MA131 Distinguishes Equal/Not Equal - The technician can distinguish when an automatic transmission and transaxle measurement or tolerance is not equal to the manufacturer's specification.

MA132 Distinguishes Estimate/Exact Value - The technician knows when to use an exact shift point value versus an estimated value.

MA133 Distinguishes Proportion/Congruence - The technician can distinguish the congruence of the measured automatic transmission and transaxle tolerances with those specified by the manufacturer.

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MA140 Estimates/Rounds Expected Outcomes Everyday Occurrences - The technician estimates the performance outcome of a normally operating automatic transmission and transaxle as well as the expected outcome of everyday occurrences such as slipping bands or clutches.


MA153 Formulates/Verifies Angles - The technician can visually formulate an angle, (e.g. suspension system or drive belt) and verify its conformance to the manufacturer's specified angle.

MA161 Identifies English Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's specifications for length, volume and other appropriate measurements in the English system.

MA171 Identifies Metric Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications for length, volume, and other appropriate measurements using the metric system.

MA174 Interprets Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for automatic transmission and transaxle operation.

MA176 Interprets Symbols <, >, =, e.g. - The technician interprets symbols to determine manufacturer's specified automatic transmission and transaxle clearances.


MA180 Measures Direct Angles - The technician uses angle measurement equipment and techniques to determine vehicle angle measurements variance from manufacturer's specifications.

MA181 Measures Direct Distance - The technician measures distance and clearances to determine conformance to manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle tolerance specifications.

MA182 Measures Direct Temperature - The technician can use measurement tools to determine the existing temperature of coolant or lubricant.

MA183 Measures Direct Time - The technician can use time measurement tools and techniques to determine automatic transmission and transaxle system timed or sequenced operating parameters' conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

MA184 Measures Direct Volume - The technician can use volume measurement techniques to determine fluid volume in an automatic transmission and transaxle.

MA190 Measures Metric Distance - The technician can use metric measurement instruments to determine automatic transmission and transaxle clearances in the metric system.


MA192 Measures Metric Volume - The technician can determine the volume of an automatic transmission and transaxle where the specification is in liters.

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MA226 Solves Problems Formulas Specified Symbols - The technician can use conventional symbols (E for voltage, etc.) to solve circuit parameters using formulas such as Ohm's Law, E=IR.



MA229 Solves Problems Generates Conclusions Deductive reasoning - The technician can identify the specific cause of the described automatic transmission and transaxle problem by generating conclusions based on the general symptoms.

MA239 Understands Conditionals - The technician understands that if the automatic transmission and transaxle problem has certain conditions (symptoms), then there are a limited number of solutions to the problem.

MA242 Understands Definitions Standards - The technician can use and conform to standards defined by each manufacturer for the automatic transmission and transaxle system being analyzed.

MA258 Understands Statistics Probability - The technician understands that automatic transmission and transaxle problem symptoms are statistically related to the probability of specific part or system malfunction.

MA271 Determines Proper Operation - The technician can determine the proper sequence of arithmetic operations to arrive at a solution when comparing automatic transmission and transaxle system measurements to the manufacturer's specifications.

MA273 Computes Tolerances/Ranges Mentally - When comparing the observed measurement to automatic transmission and transaxle manufacturer's specifications, the technician can mentally compute whether the observed measurement is out-of-tolerance.

MA274 Computes Proper Operations Mentally - The technician can determine the proper mathematical operation (addition, multiplication, subtraction or division) and mentally arrive at a solution.

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NATEF/ASE Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Task List Science Related Academic Skills SC007 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues


SC012 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues Waste Management - The technician evaluates the waste products resulting from the automatic transmission and transaxle repair task and handles the disposal of materials in accordance to applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations.

SC041 Applies/Uses Laboratory Techniques Safety - The technician follows all safety regulations and related procedures while working on the automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC042 Applies/Uses Maps/Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician uses the information in service manual charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for automatic transmission and transaxle operation and the appropriate repair/replacement procedure.

SC044 Applies/Uses Scientific Methods - The technician uses the symptoms to develop a theory as to the cause of the automatic transmission and transaxle problem. The technician then tests the hypothesis to determine the solution to the problem.

SC052 Converts Measurement Units English/Metric - The technician can convert measurements taken in the English or metric system to specifications stated in terms of either system.

SC121 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Inhibitors - The technician can explain the purpose of having additives in automatic transmission and transaxle lubricants.

SC177 Describes/Explains Electricity - The technician can describe and explain the function of electrical/electronic control systems in an automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC178 Describes/Explains Batteries - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the electrochemical reactions that occur in wet and dry cell batteries as it applies to an automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC180 Describes/Explains Conductors - The technician can explain the difference between electrical conductors and insulators as it applies to an automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC182 Describes/Explains Current AC-DC - The technician can explain the difference between direct and alternating current as it applies to an automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC184 Describes/Explains Electricity Ground - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics of a quality electrical ground and the problems associated with having an electrical circuit inadequately grounded.


SC187 Describes/Explains Electricity Short Circuit - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the processes used to locate a short circuit in the electrical/electronic control system for an automatic transmission and transaxle.

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SC198 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement - The technician can describe the correct procedure to measure the electrical parameters of voltage, current, resistance, and power in an automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC199 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ammeter/Voltmeter - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how to correctly measure electrical current and voltage in a circuit related to the automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC201 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Fuse - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and explain the role of a fuse or fusible link when used as a protective device in an electrical or electronic circuit related to the automatic transmission and transaxle.


SC204 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Resistance - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the relationship of resistance to heat, voltage drop, and circuit parameters as related to the automatic transmission and transaxle.



SC214 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism - The technician can explain the relationship between electric current in a conductor and magnetic field when produced in a coil such as the automatic transmission and transaxle solenoid.

SC215 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Coil - The technician can explain the function of a coil in a shift control solenoid.

SC217 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Magnetic Fields/Force - The technician can explain the effect of magnetic fields on unshielded circuits in control modules.

SC233 Describes/Explains Energy Kinetic/Potential - The technician can describe the potential/kinetic energy relationships that occur in automatic transmissions and transaxles.

SC249 Describes/Explains Energy Force, Balanced/Unbalanced - The technician can describe the role of balanced and unbalanced forces on rotating automatic transmission and transaxle assemblies.

SC255 Describes/Explains Force Pressure - The technician can explain how the forces associated with hydraulic pressures are used for shifting gears in an automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC273 Describes/Explains Heat - The technician can describe the effect of heat on automotive automatic transmission and transaxles.

SC274 Describes/Explains Heat Conduction/Convection - The technician can explain the relationship of heat transfer by conduction and/or convection to automatic transmission and transaxle failure.

SC277 Describes/Explains Heat Expansion/Contraction - The technician is able to describe the expansion and contraction of automatic transmission and transaxle parts as a result of heat generated during use and the cooling of the automatic transmission and transaxle when not in operation.

SC278 Describes/Explains Heat Fusion/Vaporization - The technician can describe the effect of adding heat that will cause a change in state of matter, such as solid to liquid to gas.

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SC281 Describes/Explains Heat Radiation - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the method of heat transfer which involves infrared rays.

SC282 Describes/Explains Heat Temperature - The technician can explain the differences between heat and temperature and demonstrate an understanding of measurements for each.

SC336 Describes/Explains Light Ultraviolet - The technician can explain to the customer why dyes added to lubricants fluoresce in ultraviolet light, providing a process to determine the source of automatic transmission and transaxle fluid leakage.

SC349 Describes/Explains Motion Acceleration/Deceleration - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the process of a vehicle's acceleration and deceleration as a function of weight and available power.

SC350 Describes/Explains Motion Action/Reaction - The technician can describe the reaction of automatic transmission and transaxle fluid to the motion of a valve or piston.

SC351 Describes/Explains Motion Circular - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of circular motion of a vehicle as to a properly functioning automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC356 Describes/Explains Motion Vibrations/Waves - The technician is able to describe the cause and types of vibrations caused by out-of-balance or excessively worn automatic transmission and transaxles.

SC396 Describes/Explains Sound - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role sound plays in the diagnosis of problems in the automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC397 Describes/Explains Sound Amplification - The technician can explain to a customer how sound can be amplified due to resonant cavities and other physical characteristics of the automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC399 Describes/Explains Sound Carriers/Insulators - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how sound generated in one place in the automatic transmission and transaxle can be carried to other parts of the system through metal and other materials.

SC402 Describes/Explains Sound Decibels/Intensity - The technician can describe the relationship of the decibel level of a noise and the perceived intensity.

SC404 Describes/Explains Sound Frequency-Hertz - The technician is able to explain the relationship of the frequency of the sound to a normal or abnormally operating automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC405 Describes/Explains Sound Hearing - The technician can describe the role of listening to sounds as part of the trouble-shooting process.

SC406 Describes/Explains Sound Noise/Acoustics - The technician is able to describe why a specific noise sounds different, depending on the acoustics of the vehicle.

SC407 Describes/Explains Sound Overtones/Harmonics - The technician can explain that the presence of overtones may indicate changes in vibrations in various automatic transmission and transaxle systems.

SC408 Describes/Explains Sound Pitch/Frequency - The technician can explain the relationships of pitch to frequency.


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SC435 Describes/Explains Weather/Climate Barometric Pressure - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the relationship of barometric pressure to automatic transmission and transaxle performance.

SC445 Describes/Explains Work - The technician can explain the principles of work, energy, and power as they related to automatic transmission and transaxle gearing performance.

SC447 Describes/Explains Work Levers - The technician can explain how levers can be used to increase an applied force or distance in an automatic transmission and transaxle system.

SC448 Describes/Explains Work Pulleys - The technician can explain how pulleys can be used to increase an applied force or distance in an automatic transmission and transaxle system.

SC449 Identifies Acids/Bases - The technician can identify the effects of the pH of a solution on various parts of the automatic transmission and transaxle system.

SC467 Identifies Definitions Operational - The technician is able to identify and define terms that specifically relate to automatic transmission and transaxle systems, diagnosis, service, and repair.

SC489 Measures Distance/Length - The technician uses precision measuring devices to determine if automatic transmission and transaxle wear and adjustments are within manufacturer's specifications, and to assure that repair or replacement parts meet manufacturer's specifications.

SC492 Measures Force - The technician uses tension gauges such as a torque wrench to measure the force or tension required to tighten connections according to the manufacturer's automatic transmission and transaxle specifications.

SC494 Measures Pressure - The technician uses pressure measuring tools to identify automatic transmission and transaxle pressures not meeting manufacturer's specified range.

SC495 Measures Temperature Fahrenheit/Centigrade - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure automatic transmission and transaxle temperatures and then converts to Fahrenheit or Centigrade as required.

SC496 Measures Time - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure time and compare the results to manufacturer's specifications.

SC497 Measures Volume Liquids/Solids - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure the volume of liquids in an automatic transmission and transaxle and compare to manufacturer's specifications.

SC499 Uses Computers Information Processing - The technician uses computer databases for information retrieval and for input devices to access information on automatic transmission and transaxle systems.

SC502 Measures Parameters Electrical - The technician uses precision electrical test equipment to measure current, voltage, resistance, continuity, and/or power related to the manual drive train and axle.

SC503 Describes/Explains Fluid System Hydraulics - The technician can describe how an applied force at one location in an automatic transmission and transaxle can be transmitted via fluid pressure to provide a force at a remote location on the vehicle.

SC504 Describes/Explains Fluid System Pneumatics - The technician can describe how an applied force at one location in an automatic transmission and transaxle can be transmitted via pneumatic pressure to provide a force at a remote location.

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SC506 Describes/Explains Motion Friction - The technician can explain the role that clutch friction plays in acceleration and deceleration of powered parts.

SC507 Describes/Explains Motion Lubrication - The technician can discuss the role of lubrication in relation to the concept of friction in the automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC508 Describes/Explains Matter Metallurgy - The technician can explain the criticality of metals with different hardness, depending on the function and location of the metal in the automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC510 Describes/Explains Fluid System Dynamics - The technician can explain the dynamic control properties of a hydraulic system.

SC511 Describes/Explains Matter Surface Process (Absorption/Adsorption) - The technician can explain the surface processes that occur with automatic transmission and transaxle seals due to absorption or adsorption of the contained materials.

SC512 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Contamination - The technician can describe the deterioration in performance due to a chemical reaction that occurs in a liquid that becomes contaminated.

SC513 Describes/Explains Force Torque - The technician can describe how torque relates to force and angular acceleration.

SC514 Describes/Explains Electricity Semiconductor Devices - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the ability of semiconductor devices to rapidly modify engine operation parameters depending on multiple inputs from automatic transmission and transaxle operational sensors.

SC515 Describes/Explains Work Simple Machines - The technician can describe how cams, pulleys, and levers are used in an automatic transmission and transaxle to multiply force or transfer directions of force.

SC516 Describes/Explains Motion Rotational - The technician can explain how rotational motion can be changed to linear motion and why balance is important in rotating systems of the automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC518 Describes/Explains Electricity Mechanical Transducers - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role mechanical transducers play in sending an electrical control signal to modify the system's operating characteristics of the automatic transmission and transaxle.

SC522 Applies/Uses Ratio Proportion Mixtures - The technician can correctly use proportions.


SC531 Describes/Explains Viscosity - The technician can explain fluid viscosity as a measurement and its relationship to a fluid.

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NATEF/ASE Manual Drive Train and Axle Task List Language Arts Related Academic Skills LA001 Adapts Diction/Structure


LA005 Adapts Strategy Listening - The technician adapts a strategy for listening that will provide the information required to solve the manual drive train and axle problem.

LA006 Adapts Strategy Reading - The technician adapts a reading strategy for all written materials, e.g. customer's notes, service manuals, shop manuals, technical bulletins, and computer/data feed readouts, etc., that will help identify the solution to the manual drive train and axle problem.

LA007 Adapts Strategy Speaking - The technician adapts a strategy for speaking to the customer, supervisor, and fellow employees that will yield the highest quality usable information for solving the manual drive train and axle problem.


LA009 Adapts Style - The technician adapts a style for speaking and writing that is consistent with the purpose of the communication.

LA013 Applies/Uses Definitions - The technician can apply industry definitions to solve problems in various components and systems of the manual drive train and axle.

LA020 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods - The technician uses study habits and methods when consulting manufacturer's manual drive train and axle publications (shop manuals and references).

LA022 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Prior Knowledge - In the diagnostic process, the technician uses prior knowledge of similar problems with the manual drive train and axle to determine the specific cause(s) of the problem under review.


LA035 Attends Directions/Task - The technician attends to all written and oral directions that relate to the manual drive train and axle task or system under study.

LA036 Attends Nonverbal Cues - The technician attends to nonverbal cues in discussions with customers and associates that relate to the manual drive train and axle task or system under study.

LA037 Attends Verbal Cues - The technician attends to verbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve manual drive train and axle problems.

LA038 Collects/Organizes Information-Oral/Written - The technician collects and organizes oral and written information based on discussions, notes, observations, personal experiences, and data collection that will assist in the problem analysis and solution process.

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LA069 Composes/Edits Notes - The technician jots down notes on symptoms, possible causes of the manual drive train and axle problem, and other data that will aid diagnosis and problem solving.

LA074 Composes/Edits Paragraphs - The technician composes complete and accurate paragraphs that include information regarding symptoms, diagnosis results, and appropriate details when preparing warranty claims or information for inclusion on work orders for manual drive train and axle repairs.

LA098 Composes/Edits Reports/Essays Summaries - The technician uses appropriate grammar and sentence structure when summarizing problems in reports.

LA099 Composes/Edits Sentences - The technician uses conventional sentence structure, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation when composing sentences for writing manual drive train and axle warranty reports.

LA121 Comprehends Information-Oral - The technician can comprehend information gathered during discussions with customers, supervisors, and associates regarding problem symptoms and potential solutions.

LA132 Comprehends Information-Written - The technician can comprehend and apply written information required to perform the task.

LA134 Comprehends Information-Written Cause/Effect Relationships - The technician comprehends and uses cause and effect relationships presented in service manual problem solving and decision trees.

LA136 Comprehends Information-Written Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for manual drive train and axle operation.

LA147 Comprehends Information-Written Sequence - The technician comprehends the sequence of written material to determine the technical information required for solving specific manual drive train and axle problems.

LA167 Evaluates Information-Oral - The technician can evaluate the usefulness of oral information provided by customers or associates when analyzing a problem with the manual drive train and axle.

LA180 Evaluates Information-Written - The technician evaluates the usefulness of available written information when analyzing a manual drive train and axle problem.

LA215 Identifies Information-Written Abbreviations/Acronyms - The technician can identify and use written abbreviations and acronyms in diagnosis and solving manual drive train and axle problems.


LA247 Infers/Predicts Information-Written - The technician infers the manual drive train and axle problem and predicts the solution to the problem from the information provided on the work order.

LA256 Infers/Predicts Information/Written Outcomes/Solutions - The technician infers the problem and predicts the solution to the manual drive train and axle problem from the information provided on the work order.

LA266 Presents Informal Speech Information Requests - The technician requests specific information relative to the symptoms of the manual drive train and axle problem from the customer, and possible solutions to the problem from associates and supervisors.

25


LA271 Uses Dictionary -The technician refers to the dictionary to define terms when necessary as part of the problem solving process.

LA278 Uses Text Resources - The technician uses text resources such as glossaries of terms, service manual indexes, database menus, and tables of contents to gather data for manual drive train and axle diagnosis and repair.

LA283 Uses Media Resources Databases - The technician uses computerized and other databases to obtain information about the manual drive train and axle system.


LA286 Uses Text Resources Service (Shop) Manual - The technician uses the service manual, in both database and hard copy formats, to identify manufacturer's specifications for the manual drive train and axle operation and potential malfunctions.

26

NATEF/ASE Manual Drive Train and Axle Task List Mathematics Related Academic Skills MA001 Calculates/Evaluates Algebraic Expressions

- The technician can use Ohm's Law to determine circuit parameters that are out-of-tolerance. MA026 Computes Addition Decimals

- The technician can add numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

MA028 Computes Addition Mentally - The technician can mentally add two or more numbers to determine conformance with the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

MA034 Computes Addition Whole Numbers - The technician can add whole numbers to accurately determine measurement conformance with the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

MA041 Computes Division Mentally - The technician can mentally divide numbers to determine conformance with the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

MA047 Computes Division Whole Numbers - The technician can divide whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

MA065 Computes Multiplication Decimals - The technician can multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

MA067 Computes Multiplication Mentally - The technician can mentally multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

MA073 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

MA084 Computes Subtraction Decimals - The technician can subtract numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

MA086 Computes Subtraction Mentally - The technician can mentally subtract numbers to arrive at a difference for comparison with the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

MA092 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.


MA131 Distinguishes Equal/Not Equal - The technician can distinguish when a manual drive train and axle measurement or tolerance is not equal to the manufacturer's specification.

MA132 Distinguishes Estimate/Exact Value - The technician knows when to use an exact value versus an estimated performance value, depending upon the manual drive train and axle system malfunction.

27

MA133 Distinguishes Proportion/Congruence - The technician can distinguish the measured tolerances or gear ratios with those specified by the manufacturer.

MA140 Estimates/Rounds Expected Outcomes Everyday Occurrences - The technician estimates the performance outcome of a normally operating manual drive train and axle as well as the expected outcome of everyday occurrences such as a slipping clutch or worn ring and pinion.

MA146 Estimates/Rounds Numbers Add/Subtract/Divide/Multiply - The technician can estimate the results of basic arithmetic operations, and can accurately round up or down depending on the appropriate rule for the situation.

MA153 Formulates/Verifies Angles - The technician can visually formulate an angle and verify its conformance to the manufacturer's specified angle.

MA161 Identifies English Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications for length, volume, and any other appropriate measurements in the English system.

MA171 Identifies Metric Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications for length, volume, and other appropriate measurements using the metric system.

MA174 Interprets Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for manual drive train and axle operation.

MA176 Interprets Symbols <, >, =, e.g. - The technician interprets symbols to determine manufacturer's specified clearances for manual drive train and axle components.


MA180 Measures Direct Angles - The technician uses angle measurement equipment and techniques to determine drive shaft angle variance from manufacturer's specifications.

MA181 Measures Direct Distance - The technician measures distance and clearance to determine conformance to manufacturer's manual drive train and axle tolerance specifications.

MA184 Measures Direct Volume - The technician uses volume measurement techniques to determine volume of the differential or transmission.

MA190 Measures Metric Distance - The technician can use metric measurement instruments to determine correct sizes or distances in the metric system.

MA226 Solves Problems Formulas Specified Symbols - The technician can use conventional symbols (E for voltage, etc.) to solve problems using formulas such as Ohm's Law, E=IR.



28

MA229 Solves Problems Generates Conclusions Deductive Reasoning - The technician can identify the specific cause of the described manual drive train and axle problem by generating conclusions based on the general symptoms of the problem.

MA239 Understands Conditionals - The technician understands that if the manual drive train and axle problem has certain conditions (symptoms), then there are a limited number of solutions to the problem.

MA242 Understands Definitions Standards - The technician can use and conform to standards defined by each manufacturer for the system being analyzed.

MA245 Understands Line/Angle Relationships - When diagnosing a system malfunction, the technician understands the necessity of verifying that the drive shaft and other drive train angles are within manufacturer's specifications.

MA258 Understands Statistics Probability - The technician understands that manual drive train and axle problem symptoms are statistically related to the probability of specific part or system malfunction.

MA271 Determines Proper Operation - The technician can determine the proper sequence of arithmetic operations to arrive at a solution when comparing system measurements to the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

MA273 Computes Tolerances/Ranges Mentally - When comparing the observed manual drive train and axle measurement to manufacturer's specifications, the technician can mentally compute whether the observed measurement is out-of-tolerance.

MA274 Computes Proper Operations Mentally - The technician can mentally determine the appropriate sequence of addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division to arrive at a solution of the mathematical portion of the task.

29

NATEF/ASE Manual Drive Train and Axle Task List Science Related Academic Skills SC007 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues


SC012 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues Waste Management - The technician evaluates the waste products resulting from a manual drive train and axle repair task and handles the disposal of materials in accordance to applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations.

SC041 Applies/Uses Laboratory Techniques Safety - The technician follows all safety regulations and related procedures while analyzing and repairing the manual drive train and axle.

SC042 Applies/Uses Maps/Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician uses the information in service manual charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for manual drive train and axle operation and the appropriate repair/replacement procedure.

SC044 Applies/Uses Scientific Methods - The technician uses observations and gathers information to develop a hypothesis on the cause of the problem. The technician tests the hypothesis to determine the solution to the problem.

SC052 Converts Measurement Units English/Metric - The technician can convert measurements taken in the English or metric system to specifications stated in terms of either system.

SC121 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Inhibitors - The technician can explain the purpose of having additives in lubricants in the manual drive train and axle.

SC177 Describes/Explains Electricity - The technician can describe all electrical principles related to the manual drive train and axle.




SC187 Describes/Explains Electricity Short Circuit - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the processes used to locate a short circuit in the electrical/electronic system.

SC198 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the correct procedure to measure the electrical parameters of voltage, current, resistance, or power related to the manual drive train and axle system.



30

SC204 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Resistance - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the relationship of resistance to heat, voltage drop, and circuit parameters.



SC214 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism - The technician can explain the relationship between electric current in a conductor and magnetic field when produced in a coil such as a starter solenoid.


SC233 Describes/Explains Energy Kinetic/Potential - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the kinetic and potential energy relationships that occur in valve systems, ignition systems, and other stored energy systems such as springs and fuels.

SC249 Describes/Explains Energy Force, Balanced/Unbalanced - The technician can describe the role of balanced and unbalanced forces on rotating manual drive train and axle assemblies.

SC250 Describes/Explains Force Centrifugal/Centripetal - The technician is able to explain the relationship of centrifugal/centripetal force to the functioning or failure of clutches and other rotating manual drive train and axle systems.

SC255 Describes/Explains Force Pressure - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the concept of pressure in relation to force in a manual drive train and axle system.

SC274 Describes/Explains Heat Conduction/Convection - The technician can explain the relationship of heat transfer by conduction and/or convection to manual drive train and axle failure.

SC277 Describes/Explains Heat Expansion/Contraction - The technician is able to describe the expansion and contraction of manual drive train and axle parts as a result of heat generated during use and the cooling of the system when not in operation.

SC278 Describes/Explains Heat Fusion/Vaporization - The technician can describe the effect of adding heat that will cause a change in state of matter, such as solid to a liquid to a gas.

SC336 Describes/Explains Light Ultraviolet - The technician can explain that dyes added to lubricants fluoresce in ultraviolet light and can provide a process for determining the source of leakage in a manual drive train and axle system.

SC349 Describes/Explains Motion Acceleration/Deceleration - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the process of a vehicle's acceleration and deceleration as a function of weight and available power in the manual drive train and axle.

SC350 Describes/Explains Motion Action/Reaction - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the reaction of fluid to the motion of a valve or piston in a manual drive train or axle.

SC351 Describes/Explains Motion Circular - The technician can describe circular motion in a part of a vehicle as it relates to problems in the manual drive train and axle.

SC356 Describes/Explains Motion Vibrations/Waves - The technician is able to describe the types of vibrations caused by out-of-balance or excessively worn clutches and bearings.

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SC396 Describes/Explains Sound - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role sound plays in the cause of various problems in the vehicle's manual drive train and axle.

SC397 Describes/Explains Sound Amplification - The technician can explain to a customer how sound can be amplified due to resonant cavities and other physical characteristics of the vehicle's manual drive train and axle.

SC399 Describes/Explains Sound Carriers/Insulators - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how sound generated in one place in the manual drive train and axle can be carried to other parts of the vehicle through metal and other materials.


SC404 Describes/Explains Sound Frequency-Hertz - The technician is able to explain the relationship of the frequency of the sound to a normal or abnormally operating manual drive train and axle system.

SC405 Describes/Explains Sound Hearing - The technician can describe the role of listening to sounds as part of the manual drive train and axle trouble-shooting process.

SC406 Describes/Explains Sound Noise/Acoustics - The technician is able to describe why a specific noise sounds different, depending on the acoustics of the vehicle.

SC407 Describes/Explains Sound Overtones/Harmonics - The technician can explain that the presence of overtones may indicate changes in vibrations in various systems.



SC445 Describes/Explains Work - The technician can explain the relationship of engine torque to vehicle performance (horsepower).

SC447 Describes/Explains Work Levers - The technician can explain how levers can be used to increase an applied force or distance in a manual drive train and axle.

SC448 Describes/Explains Work Pulleys - The technician can describe how pulleys can be used to increase an applied force or distance in a manual drive train and axle.

SC449 Identifies Acids/Bases - The technician can identify the effect of the pH of a solution on various systems.

SC467 Identifies Definitions Operational - The technician is able to identify and define terms that specifically relate to manual drive train and axle systems, diagnosis, service, and repair.

SC489 Measures Distance/Length - The technician uses precision measuring devices to determine if manual drive train and axle clearances and adjustments are within manufacturer's specifications, and to assure that repair or replacement parts meet manufacturer's specifications.

SC492 Measures Force - The technician uses tension gauges such as a torque wrench to measure the force or tension required to tighten connections according to the manufacturer's manual drive train and axle specifications.

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SC494 Measures Pressure - The technician uses pressure measuring tools to ensure that manual drive train and axle pressures are meeting manufacturer's specified range.

SC497 Measures Volume Liquids/Solids - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure the volume of liquids in the manual drive train and axle and compare to manufacturer's specifications.

SC499 Uses Computers Information Processing - The technician uses computer databases for manual drive train and axle service and repair information retrieval.

SC502 Measures Parameters Electrical - The technician uses precision electrical test equipment to measure current, voltage, resistance, continuity, and/or power related to the manual drive train and axle.

SC503 Describes/Explains Fluid System Hydraulics - The technician can describe how an applied force at the clutch master cylinder can be transmitted via fluid pressure to release the clutch disc.

SC506 Describes/Explains Motion Friction - The technician can explain the function of friction in the clutch to transmit power to the transmission.

SC507 Describes/Explains Motion Lubrication - The technician can explain to the customer the need for lubrication of manual drive train and axle parts to minimize friction as a result of movement at the junction of the parts.

SC508 Describes Matter Metallurgy - The technician can explain the criticality of metals with different hardness, depending on the function and location of the metal.

SC511 Describes/Explains Matter Surface Process (Absorption/Adsorption) - The technician can explain the surface processes that occur on manual drive train and axle seals due to absorption of the contained materials.

SC512 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Contamination - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how a contaminated liquid can cause a chemical reaction that effects manual drive train and axle performance.

SC513 Describes/Explains Force Torque - The technician can describe how torque transmitted to the manual drive train and axle relates to the force that moves the vehicle.

SC514 Describes/Explains Electricity Semiconductor Devices - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the ability of semiconductor devices to rapidly modify engine operation parameters depending on multiple inputs from manual drive train and axle systems operational sensors.

SC515 Describes/Explains Work Simple Machines - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how cams, pulleys, and levers are used to multiply force or transfer directions of force in manual drive train and axle systems.

SC516 Describes/Explains Motion Rotational - The technician can explain how rotational motion can be changed to linear motion and why balance is important in rotating systems with the manual drive train and axle.

SC522 Applies/Uses Ratio Proportion Mixtures - The technician can correctly use proportions.



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NATEF/ASE Suspension and Steering Task List Language Arts Related Academic Skills LA001 Adapts Diction/Structure


LA005 Adapts Strategy Listening - The technician adapts a strategy for listening that will provide the information required to solve the steering and suspension problem.

LA006 Adapts Strategy Reading - The technician adapts a reading strategy for all written materials, e.g. customer's notes, service manuals, shop manuals, technical bulletins, and computer/data feed readouts, etc., that will help identify the solution to the suspension and steering problem.

LA007 Adapts Strategy Speaking - The technician adapts a strategy for speaking to the customer, supervisor, and fellow employees that will yield the highest quality usable information for steering and suspension problem solving.


LA009 Adapts Style - The technician adapts a style for speaking and writing that is consistent with the purpose of the communication format.

LA013 Applies/Uses Definitions - The technician can apply industry definitions to solve problems in various components and systems of the suspension and steering system.

LA020 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods - The technician uses study habits and methods when consulting the manufacturer's publications on suspension and steering, e.g. shop manuals, references, and computer databases.

LA022 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Prior Knowledge - In the diagnosis process, the technician uses prior knowledge of similar problems in steering and suspension systems to determine the specific cause(s) of the problem.


LA035 Attends Directions/Task - The technician attends to written and oral directions that relate to the steering and suspension system.

LA036 Attends Nonverbal Cues - The technician attends to nonverbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve suspension and steering problems.

LA037 Attends Verbal Cues - The technician attends to verbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve any steering and suspension symptoms.

LA038 Collects/Organizes Information-Oral/Written - The technician collects and organizes oral and written information based on discussions, notes, observations, personal experiences, and data collection that will assist in the analysis of the steering and suspension problem and solution process.

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LA069 Composes/Edits Notes - The technician makes notes regarding symptoms, possible causes of problems, and other data that will aid in the diagnosis and problem solving process.

LA074 Composes/Edits Paragraphs - The technician composes complete and accurate paragraphs that include information regarding symptoms, diagnosis results, and appropriate details when preparing warranty claims or information for inclusion on work orders.

LA098 Composes/Edits Reports/Essays Summaries - The technician composes summaries of steering and suspension system warranty work for reporting and inclusion on a work order.

LA099 Composes/Edits Sentences - The technician uses conventional sentence structure, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation when composing sentences for steering and suspension warranty reports and work orders.

LA121 Comprehends Information-Oral - The technician can comprehend information presented during discussions with customers and associates regarding steering and suspension problem symptoms and potential solutions.

LA132 Comprehends Information-Written - The technician can comprehend and apply available written information needed to diagnose, analyze, and solve steering and suspension system problems.

LA134 Comprehends Information-Written Cause/Effect Relationships - The technician uses and comprehends cause effect relationships (problems solving trees) presented in service manuals.

LA136 Comprehends Information-Written Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for steering and suspension system operation to identify out of tolerance systems/sub-systems.

LA147 Comprehends Information-Written Sequence - The technician comprehends the sequence of written material to determine applicable steering and suspension technical information required for problem solving.

LA167 Evaluates Information-Oral - The technician can evaluate the usefulness of oral information from customers or associates when analyzing a steering and suspension problem.

LA180 Evaluates Information-Written - The technician evaluates the usefulness of available written information when analyzing a steering and suspension problem.

LA215 Identifies Information-Written Abbreviations/Acronyms - The technician can identify and use written abbreviations and acronyms in diagnosis and solving suspension and steering problems.

LA231 Identifies Purpose/Strategy Listening/Reading/Speaking/Writing - In all written and oral communications, the technician identifies the purpose for the communication and then identifies the most effective strategies for listening, reading, speaking, and writing to facilitate the communication.

LA236 Infers/Predicts Information-Oral - During discussions with customers, associates, and supervisors, the technician makes inferences and predicts solutions to steering and suspension problems.

LA247 Infers/Predicts Information-Written - The technician infers the problem and predicts the solution to the steering and suspension problem from the information provided on the work order.

LA256 Infers/Predicts Information-Written Outcomes/Solutions - The technician infers the problem and predicts the solution to the steering and suspension system problem from the information provided on the work order.

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- The technician requests specific information relative to the symptoms of the steering and suspension problem from the customer, and possible solutions to the problem from associates and supervisors.

LA267 Presents Informal Speech Information Supplying - The technician supplies clarifying information to customers, associates, the parts supplier, and the supervisor about the steering and suspension problem.


LA278 Uses Text Resources - The technician uses text resources such as glossaries of terms, service manual indexes, database menus, and tables of contents to gather data for steering and suspension diagnosis and repair.

LA283 Uses Media Resources Databases - The technician uses computers and other databases to obtain steering and suspension system information.


LA286 Uses Text Resources Service (Shop) Manual - The technician uses the service manual, in both database and hard copy formats, to identify manufacturer's specifications for steering and suspension system operation and potential malfunctions.

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NATEF/ASE Suspension and Steering Task List Mathematics Related Academic Skills MA001 Calculates/Evaluates Algebraic Expressions

- The technician can use Ohm's Law to determine circuit parameters that are out-of-tolerance in the suspension and steering system.

MA026 Computes Addition Decimals - The technician can add numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications regarding the suspension and steering system.

MA028 Computes Addition Mentally - The technician can mentally add two or more numbers to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications regarding the suspension and steering system.

MA034 Computes Addition Whole numbers - The technician can add whole numbers to determine steering and suspension component conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

MA039 Computes Division Decimals - The technician can divide decimals to determine measurement conformance with the manufacturer's specifications regarding the suspension and steering system.

MA041 Computes Division Mentally - The technician can mentally divide numbers to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications regarding the suspension and steering system.

MA047 Computes Division Whole Numbers - The technician can divide whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's specifications regarding the suspension and steering system.

MA065 Computes Multiplication Decimals - The technician can multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications regarding the suspension and steering system.

MA067 Computes Multiplication Mentally - The technician can mentally multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications regarding the suspension and steering system.

MA073 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's specifications regarding the suspension and steering system.

MA084 Computes Subtraction Decimals - The technician can subtract numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications regarding the suspension and steering system.

MA086 Computes Subtraction Mentally - The technician can mentally subtract numbers to arrive at a difference for comparison with the manufacturer's specifications regarding the suspension and steering system.

MA092 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's specifications regarding the suspension and steering system.

MA126 Converts Units English/Metric -- Meters/Feet, e.g. - The technician can measure/test with tools designed for metric or English measurements and then convert the resulting measurement to the manufacturer's system used for specifying the correct steering and suspension measurement or tolerance.

MA129 Distinguishes Congruence/Similarity Geometric Figures - The technician can distinguish whether or not the angle between related parts (e.g. suspension components) is within the manufacturer's specifications.

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MA131 Distinguishes Equal/Not Equal - The technician can distinguish when a steering and suspension system measurement or tolerance is not equal to the manufacturer's specification.

MA132 Distinguishes Estimate/Exact Value - The technician can distinguish the need to use an exact value versus an estimated performance value, depending upon the system malfunction.

MA133 Distinguishes Proportion/Congruence - The technician can distinguish the congruence of measured tolerances with those specified by the manufacturer for the suspension and steering system.

MA140 Estimates/Rounds Expected Outcomes Everyday Occurrences - The technician estimates the anticipated performance outcome of a normally operating suspension and steering system as well as expected outcome of everyday occurrences such as wheels out of balance or alignment.


MA161 Identifies English Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's specifications for steering and suspension component length and other appropriate measurements in the English system.

MA168 Identifies Lines Parallel/Perpendicular - The technician can use measurement devices to determine the parallelism or perpendicularity of chassis and suspension systems requiring geometric alignment.

MA171 Identifies Metric Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's steering and suspension specifications for length and other appropriate measurements using the metric system.

MA174 Interprets Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for the steering and suspension system.

MA176 Interprets Symbols <, >, =, e.g. - The technician interprets symbols to determine manufacturer's specified clearances for the steering and suspension system.

MA177 Interprets System of Numbers Place Value - The technician is able to interpret place value (tenths, hundredths, thousandths) when conducting precision measurements in the suspension and steering system.

MA180 Measures Direct Angles - The technician uses angle measurement equipment and techniques to determine steering and suspension angle measurements variance from manufacturer's specifications.

MA181 Measures Direct Distance - The technician measures steering and suspension distances to determine conformance to manufacturer's tolerance specifications.

MA184 Measures Direct Volume - The technician can use volume measurement techniques to determine volume in the power steering system cylinder.

MA185 Measures Direct Weight - The technician can use scales to determine the conformance of steering and suspension components to manufacturer's specified weight.

MA187 Measures Indirect Formulas - The technician can use formulas to indirectly conform systems that are outside of manufacturer's specifications.

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MA190 Measures Metric Distance - The technician can use metric measurement instruments to determine steering and suspension

measurements. MA226 Solves Problems Formulas Specified Symbols

- The technician can use conventional symbols (E for voltage, etc.) to solve system parameters using formulas such as Ohm's Law, E=IR.



MA229 Solves Problems Generates Conclusions Deductive Reasoning - The technician can identify the specific cause of the steering and suspension problems by generating conclusions based on the general symptoms of the problem.

MA230 Solves Problems Proportion - The technician can solve steering and suspension problems that determine the proportion of variables of a solution, and if that proportion is within manufacturer's specifications.

MA232 Solves Problems Proportion Volume - The technician can solve problems that involve determining whether the proportion of the existing volume is within recommended tolerance when compared to the manufacturer's specifications.

MA238 Solves Problems Trial and Error - The technician occasionally solves steering and suspension problems by trying a steering alignment setting and observing the results in return to center, pull, and other steering characteristics.

MA239 Understands Conditionals - The technician understands that if the described steering and suspension problem has certain conditions (symptoms), then there are a limited number of solutions to the problem.

MA242 Understands Definitions Standards - The technician can use and conform to standards defined by each manufacturer for the suspension and steering system being analyzed.

MA244 Understands Geometric Figures Visual Perception - The technician can visually perceive the geometric figure relationship of steering and suspension systems and sub-systems that require geometric alignment.

MA245 Understands Line/Angle Relationships - When diagnosing a steering and suspension system malfunction, the technician understands the necessity of verifying that the relationship of parallel lines and angle relationships concur with manufacturer's specification.

MA258 Understands Statistics Probability - The technician understands that steering and suspension problem symptoms are statistically related to the probability of specific part or system malfunction.

MA271 Determines Proper Operation - The technician can determine the proper sequence of arithmetic operations to arrive at a solution when comparing suspension and steering system measurements to the manufacturer's specifications.

MA273 Computes Tolerances/Ranges Mentally - When comparing the observed steering and suspension measurement to manufacturer's specifications, the technician can mentally compute whether the observed measurement is out-of-tolerance.


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NATEF/ASE Suspension and Steering Task List Science Related Academic Skills SC007 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues

- The technician develops and maintains an understanding of all federal, state, and local rules and regulations regarding environmental issues related to the work of the automobile technician. The technician uses such things as government impact statements, media information, and general knowledge of pollution and management to correctly use and dispose of waste products that result from the performance of a repair task.

SC012 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues Waste Management - The technician evaluates the waste products resulting from a suspension and steering system repair task and handles the disposal of materials in accordance to applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations.

SC041 Applies/Uses Laboratory Techniques Safety - The technician follows all safety regulations and related procedures while working on the steering and suspension system.

SC042 Applies/Uses Maps/Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician uses the information in service manual charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for steering and suspension system operation and the appropriate repair/replacement procedure.

SC044 Applies/Uses Scientific Methods - The technician uses observations and gathers information to identify symptoms to develop a theory regarding the cause of the steering and suspension problem. The technician then tests the hypothesis through measurement and other precise methods to determine the solution to the problem.

SC052 Converts Measurement Units English/Metric - The technician can convert steering and suspension measurements taken using the English or metric system to specifications stated in the other system.

SC121 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Inhibitors - The technician can explain the purpose of having additives in lubricants in the various systems being repaired.

SC177 Describes/Explains Electricity - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and explain the properties of electricity as it applies to the automatic level control system.




SC187 Describes/Explains Electricity Short Circuit - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the processes used to locate a short circuit in any electrical/electronic system related to the suspension and steering system.

SC198 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement - The technician can describe the correct procedures to measure steering and suspension electrical parameters of voltage, current, resistance, and power.


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SC214 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism - The technician can explain the relationship between an electrical current in a conductor and magnetic field when produced in a coil with a moveable iron core such as that used in an electronically controlled steering and suspension system.

SC217 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Magnetic Fields/Force - The technician can explain the effect of magnetic fields on unshielded circuits in system control modules.

SC233 Describes/Explains Energy Kinetic/Potential - The technician can describe a spring rebound rate in terms of kinetic and potential energy.

SC277 Describes/Explains Heat Expansion/Contraction - The technician is able to describe the expansion and contraction of steering and suspension system parts as a result of heat generated during use and cooling of the system when not in operation.

SC350 Describes/Explains Motion Action/Reaction - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the reaction of fluid to the motion of a valve or piston in the suspension and steering system.

SC356 Describes/Explains Motion Vibrations/Waves - The technician is able to describe the cause and types of vibrations caused by out-of-balance or excessively worn parts in the steering and suspension system.

SC396 Describes/Explains Sound - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role sound plays in the cause of various problems in the suspension and steering system.

SC397 Describes/Explains Sound Amplification - The technician can explain to a customer how sound can be amplified due to resonant cavities and other physical characteristics of the vehicle's suspension and steering system.

SC399 Describes/Explains Sound Carriers/Insulators - The technician can explain how sound generated in one place in the steering and suspension system can be carried to other parts of the vehicle through metal and other materials.


SC404 Describes/Explains Sound Frequency-Hertz - The technician is able to explain the relationship of the frequency of the sound to a normal or abnormally operating steering and suspension system.

SC405 Describes/Explains Sound Hearing - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of listening to sounds as part of the trouble-shooting process for the suspension and steering system.

SC406 Describes/Explains Sound Noise/Acoustics - The technician is able to describe why a specific noise sounds different depending on the acoustics of the vehicle's suspension and steering system.

SC407 Describes/Explains Sound Overtones/Harmonics - The technician can explain to customers and associates that the presence of overtones may indicate changes in repairing or replacing steering and suspension sub-systems.



SC447 Describes/Explains Work Levers - The technician can explain how levers can be used to increase an applied force over distance in the steering system.

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SC467 Identifies Definitions Operational - The technician is able to identify the characteristics that define a suspension and steering system operating within manufacturer's specifications.

SC489 Measures Distance/Length - The technician uses precision measuring devices to determine if steering and suspension wear and adjustments are within manufacturer's specifications, and to assure that repair or replacement parts meet manufacturer's specifications.

SC492 Measures Force - The technician uses a torque wrench to measure the force required to tighten steering and suspension components to manufacturer's specifications.

SC494 Measures Pressure - The technician uses pressure measuring tools to determine tire pressures not meeting the manufacturer's specified range.

SC495 Measures Temperature Fahrenheit/Centigrade - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure steering and suspension system temperatures and then converts to Fahrenheit or Centigrade as required.

SC497 Measures Volume Liquids/Solids - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure the volume of liquids in the steering and suspension system and compare to manufacturer's specifications.

SC499 Uses Computers Information Processing - The technician uses computer databases for steering and suspension system information retrieval and for input devices to process information for customers, billing purposes, warranty work, and other record keeping purposes.

SC502 Measures Parameters Electrical - The technician uses precision electrical test equipment to measure electrical/electronic circuits on automatic level control systems.

SC503 Describes/Explains Fluid System Hydraulics - The technician is able to describe how a power steering pump pressure can be transmitted via fluids to provide decreased steering effort.

SC506 Describes/Explains Motion Friction - The technician can explain the need for lubrication of adjacent parts to minimize friction as a result of movement at the junction of the parts in the suspension and steering system.

SC507 Describes/Explains Motion Lubrication - The technician can discuss the role of lubrication in relation to the concept of friction in the suspension and steering system.

SC512 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Contamination - The technician can describe the deterioration in steering system performance due to a chemical reaction that occurs in a liquid that becomes contaminated.

SC513 Describes/Explains Force Torque - The technician can describe how torque relates to the rotational force required to tighten connectors to manufacturer's specifications.

SC514 Describes/Explains Electricity Semiconductor Devices - The technician can describe the function of semiconductor devices used in speed dependant steering and suspension systems.

SC515 Describes/Explains Work Simple Machines - The technician can describe how steering and suspension geometry relates to how pulleys and levers are used to multiply force or transfer directions of force.

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SC516 Describes/Explains Motion Rotational - The technician can explain how rotational motion can be changed to linear motion and why balance is important in rotating systems.

SC522 Applies/Uses Ratio Proportion Mixtures - The technician can correctly use proportions in mixing compounds and liquids.


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NATEF/ASE Brakes Task List Language Arts Related Academic Skills LA001 Adapts Diction/Structure

- The technician adapts diction/structure to accommodate the context of all verbal and written communication about the braking system.

LA005 Adapts Strategy Listening - The technician adapts a strategy for listening that will provide the information required to solve the braking system problem.

LA006 Adapts Strategy Reading - The technician adapts a reading strategy for all written materials, e.g. customer's notes, service manuals, shop manuals, technical bulletins, and computer/data feed readouts, etc., that will help identify the brake problem.

LA007 Adapts Strategy Speaking - The technician adapts a communication strategy for the customer, supervisor, and fellow employees that will yield the highest quality usable information for solving brake problems.



LA013 Applies/Uses Definitions - The technician can apply industry definitions to solve problems in various components and brake systems of the automobile.

LA020 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods - The technician uses study habits and methods when consulting manufacturer's braking system publications (shop manuals and references).

LA022 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Prior Knowledge - In the diagnosis process, the technician uses prior knowledge of braking system problem diagnosis processes to determine the specific cause(s) of the problem.

LA023 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Skimming/Scanning - The technician will visually skim or scan the manufacturer's service manuals or databases for brake systems to identify information that is related to any unfamiliar system under review, then study the applicable information with the intensity necessary for the situation.

LA035 Attends Directions/Task - The technician attends to written and oral directions that relate to repairing the braking system.

LA036 Attends Nonverbal Cues - The technician attends to nonverbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve braking system problems.

LA037 Attends Verbal Cues - The technician attends to verbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve braking system problems.

LA038 Collects/Organizes Information-Oral/Written - The technician collects and organizes oral and written information based on discussions, notes, observation, personal experience, and data collection that will assist in the braking system problem analysis and solution process.

LA069 Composes/Edits Notes - The technician makes notes regarding symptoms, possible causes of problems, and other data that will aid in the diagnosis and problem solving process.

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LA099 Composes/Edits Sentences

LA121 Comprehends Information-Oral

LA132 Comprehends Information-Written

LA134 Comprehends Information-Written Cause/Effect Relationships

LA136 Comprehends Information-Written Charts/Tables/Graphs



LA180 Evaluates Information-Written

LA231 Identifies Purpose/Strategy Listening/Reading/Speaking/Writing

- The technician makes inferences and solves braking problems from the information provided on the work order.

LA074 Composes/Edits Paragraphs - The technician composes complete and accurate paragraphs that include information on braking system symptoms, diagnosis, and appropriate details when preparing warranty claims or information for inclusion on work orders.

- The technician uses appropriate grammar and sentence structure when summarizing problems in reports.

- The technician uses conventional sentence structure, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation when composing sentences for braking system warranty reports and work orders.

- The technician can comprehend information presented during discussions with customers and associates regarding braking system problem symptoms and potential solutions.

- The technician can comprehend and apply available written information needed to diagnose, analyze, and solve braking system problems.

- The technician uses and comprehends braking system cause/effect relationships (problems solving trees) presented in service manuals.

- The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for braking system operation to identify out of tolerance systems/subsystems.

- The technician consults written information to determine the applicable technical sequence required for solving a specific braking system problem.

- The technician evaluates the usefulness of oral information from customers or associates when analyzing a braking system problem.

- The technician evaluates the usefulness of available written braking system information when analyzing a problem.

LA215 Identifies Information-Written Abbreviations/Acronyms - The technician can identify and use written abbreviations and acronyms in diagnosis and solving braking system problems.

- The technician identifies both purpose and effective strategies for listening, reading, speaking, and writing when dealing with customers, associates, and supervisors.

LA236 Infers/Predicts Information-Oral - The technician makes inferences and recommends solutions to braking problems based on discussions with customers, associates, and supervisors.

LA247 Infers/Predicts Information-Written - The technician makes inferences and predicts the solution to the braking problem from the information provided on the work order.

LA256 Infers/Predicts Information/Written Outcomes/Solutions

LA266 Presents Informal Speech Information Requests - The technician requests specific information relative to the symptoms of the problem from the customer, and possible solutions to the brake problem from associates and supervisors.

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- The technician uses computerized and other databases to obtain brake system information.


LA271 Uses Dictionary -The technician refers to the dictionary to define terms when necessary as part of the problem solving process as related to the brake system.

LA278 Uses Text Resources - The technician uses text resources such as glossaries of terms, service manual indexes, database menus, and tables of contents to gather data for diagnosis and repair of the brake system.



LA286 Uses Text Resources Service (Shop) Manual - The technician uses the service manual, in both database and hard copy formats, to identify manufacturer's specifications for operation and potential malfunctions of the brake system.

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- The technician can use Ohm's Law to determine circuit parameters that are out-of-tolerance in brake systems.

- The technician can add numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's brake system specifications.

NATEF/ASE Brakes Task List Mathematics Related Academic Skills MA001 Calculates/Evaluates Algebraic Expressions


MA028 Computes Addition Mentally - The technician can mentally add two or more numbers to determine conformance of a set of multiple measurements with the manufacturer's brake system specifications.

MA034 Computes Addition Whole Numbers - The technician can add whole numbers to determine measured brake system component conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

MA041 Computes Division Mentally - The technician can mentally divide numbers to determine conformance with the manufacturer's brake system specifications.

MA047 Computes Division Whole Numbers - The technician can divide whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's brake system specifications.

MA065 Computes Multiplication Decimals - The technician can multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's brake system specifications.

MA067 Computes Multiplication Mentally - The technician can mentally multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's brake system specifications.

MA073 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's brake system specifications.

MA084 Computes Subtraction Decimals - The technician can subtract numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's brake system specifications.

MA086 Computes Subtraction Mentally - The technician can mentally subtract numbers to arrive at a difference for comparison with the manufacturer's brake system specifications.

MA092 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's brake system specifications.

MA126 Converts Units English/Metric -- Feet/Meters, e.g. - The technician can measure/test with tools designed for English or metric measurements and then convert the resulting measurement to the manufacturer's system used for specifying the correct brake system measurement or tolerance.

MA131 Distinguishes Equal/Not Equal - The technician can distinguish when a measurement or tolerance is not equal to the manufacturer's brake system specification.

MA132 Distinguishes Estimate/Exact Value - The technician can distinguish the need to use an exact value versus an estimated performance value, depending upon the brake system malfunction.

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- The technician can discuss symptoms of brake system problems with a customer or associate technician and identify missing data required to solve the problem, and data that is irrelevant to solution of the problem.


MA133 Distinguishes Proportion/Congruence - The technician can distinguish the congruence of the measured brake system tolerances with those specified by the manufacturer.

MA140 Estimates/Rounds Expected Outcomes Everyday Occurrences - The technician estimates the performance outcome of a normally operating braking system as well as estimate the expected outcome of everyday occurrences such as worn pads or shoes.

- The technician can estimate the results of basic arithmetic operations, and can accurately round up or down depending on the appropriate rule for the situation.

MA153 Formulates/Verifies Angles - The technician can visually formulate an angle and verify its conformance to the manufacturer's specified angle for brake systems.

MA161 Identifies English Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's brake system specifications for length, volume, and other appropriate measurements in the English system.

MA168 Identifies Lines Parallel/Perpendicular - The technician can use measurement devices to determine the parallelism or perpendicularity of brake system components requiring geometric alignment.

MA171 Identifies Metric Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's brake system specifications for length, volume, and other appropriate measurements using the metric system.


MA174 Interprets Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's brake system specifications for system operation.

MA176 Interprets Symbols <, >, =, e.g. - The technician interprets symbols to determine manufacturer's brake system specified clearances.


MA181 Measures Direct Distance - The technician measures distance to determine conformance to manufacturer's brake system tolerance specifications.

MA183 Measures Direct Time - The technician can use time measurement tools and techniques to determine braking system timed or sequenced operating parameters' conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

- The technician can use scales to determine the conformance of components to manufacturer's brake system specified weight.

MA190 Measures Metric Distance - The technician can use metric measurement instruments to determine distance in the metric system.

MA193 Measures Metric Weight - The technician can use metric weighing devices to determine the conformance of a brake system component weight to metric tolerances.

MA226 Solves Problems Formulas Specified symbols - The technician can use conventional symbols (E for voltage, etc.) to solve ABS circuit parameter calculations using formulas such as that for Ohm's Law, E=IR.

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MA229 Solves Problems Generates Conclusions Deductive Reasoning

- When comparing braking system measurements to manufacturer's specifications, the technician can determine the proper sequence of arithmetic operations to arrive at a solution for comparison to specifications.


- The technician can analyze and solve problems with brake systems requiring the use of fractions, decimals, ratios, or percentages by a direct or indirect variation of the numerical elements of the problem.

- The technician can identify the specific cause of the brake system problem by generating conclusions based on the general symptoms of the problem.

MA230 Solves Problems Proportion - The technician can solve problems that determine the proportion of variables of a solution and determine if that proportion is within the manufacturer's brake system specifications.

MA239 Understands Conditionals - The technician understands that if the brake system problem has certain conditions (symptoms), then there are a limited number of solutions to the problem.

MA242 Understands Definitions Standards - The technician can use and conform to standards defined by each manufacturer for the brake system being analyzed.

MA258 Understands Statistics Probability - The technician understands that brake system problem symptoms are statistically related to the probability of specific part or system malfunction.

MA271 Determines Proper Operation

MA273 Computes Tolerances/Ranges Mentally - When comparing the observed measurement to manufacturer's brake system specifications, the technician can mentally compute whether the observed measurement is out-of-tolerance.

MA274 Computes Proper Operations Mentally - The technician can determine the proper operation (addition, multiplication, subtraction, or division) and mentally arrive at a solution to the mathematical portion of the brake system repair task.

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SC012 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues Waste Management

- The technician can recognize and describe the effects of chemical reactions that occur when contaminants are introduced into the brake system.


NATEF/ASE Brakes Task List Science Related Academic Skills SC007 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental issues


- The technician evaluates the waste products resulting from a brake system repair task and handles the disposal of materials in accordance to applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations.

SC041 Applies/Uses Laboratory Techniques Safety - The technician follows all safety regulations and related procedures while working on the brake system.

SC042 Applies/Uses Maps/Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician uses the information in service manual charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's brake system specifications for system operation and the appropriate repair/replacement procedure.

SC044 Applies/Uses Scientific Methods - The technician uses observations and gathers data to identify symptoms to develop a hypothesis regarding the cause of the brake system problem. The technician tests the hypothesis to determine the solution to the problem.

SC052 Converts Measurement Units English/Metric - The technician can convert measurements taken in the English or metric system to specifications stated in the other system.


SC177 Describes/Explains Electricity - The technician can describe and explain the properties of electricity that impact on the ABS system.

SC180 Describes/Explains Conductors - The technician can explain the difference between electrical conductors and insulators.




- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the processes used to locate a short circuit in the electrical/electronic system.

SC194 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Motors - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of the generator in maintaining battery and system voltage.

SC198 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement - The technician can describe the correct procedure to measure the ABS electrical parameters of voltage, current, resistance, or power.

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- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the relationship of resistance to heat, voltage drop, and circuit parameters as related to the brake system.


- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role sound plays in the cause of various problems in the brake system.

SC199 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ammeter/Voltmeter - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how to correctly measure electrical current and voltage in a brake control circuit.





SC214 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism - The technician can explain the relationship between an electrical current through a coil with a moveable iron core such as ABS system sensors.


SC249 Describes/Explains Energy Force, Balanced/Unbalanced - The technician can describe the role of balanced and unbalanced forces on linear and rotating vehicle assemblies in malfunctioning brake system.

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of friction and its effects on linear and rotational motion in the brake system.

SC273 Describes/Explains Heat - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the effect of heat on automotive brake systems.

SC349 Describes/Explains Motion Acceleration/Deceleration - The technician can describe the ability of the vehicle to accelerate or decelerate as a function of weight and available braking power.

SC350 Describes/Explains Motion Action/Reaction - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the reaction of fluid to the motion of a valve or piston in the brake system.

SC356 Describes/Explains Motion Vibrations/Waves - The technician is able to describe the cause and types of vibrations caused by an out-of-balance or a warped brake rotor.

SC396 Describes/Explains Sound

SC397 Describes/Explains Sound Amplification - The technician can explain to a customer how brake sound can be amplified due to resonant cavities and other physical characteristics of the vehicle.

SC399 Describes/Explains Sound Carriers/Insulators - The technician can describe how sound generated from one wheel can be carried to other parts of the vehicle through metal or other materials.


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SC406 Describes/Explains Sound Noise/Acoustics

- The technician is able to identify and define terms that specifically relate to the brake system, diagnosis, service, and repair.


SC404 Describes/Explains Sound Frequency-Hertz - The technician is able to explain the relationship of the frequency of the sound to a brake system problem.

SC405 Describes/Explains Sound Hearing - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of listening to sounds as part of the trouble-shooting process of the brake system.

- The technician is able to describe why a specific brake noise sounds differently depending on the acoustics of the vehicle.


SC408 Describes/Explains Sound Pitch/Frequency - The technician can explain the relationships of pitch to frequency in troubleshooting.


SC447 Describes/Explains Work Levers - The technician can explain how levers can be used to increase an applied force over distance.

SC467 Identifies Definitions Operational

SC489 Measures Distance/Length - The technician uses precision measuring devices to determine if brake system wear and adjustments are within manufacturer's specifications, and to assure that repair or replacement parts meet manufacturer's specifications.

SC492 Measures Force - The technician uses a torque wrench to measure the force required to tighten brake system connections to manufacturer's specifications.

SC494 Measures Pressure - The technician uses pressure measuring tools to determine pressure/vacuum readings not meeting a manufacturer's specified range.

SC496 Measures Time - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure time and distance and compare the results to the manufacturer's specifications.

SC499 Uses Computers Information Processing - The technician uses computer databases to retrieve information on the brake system.

- The technician uses precision electrical test equipment to measure ABS current, voltage, resistance, continuity, and/or power.

SC503 Describes/Explains Fluid System Hydraulics - The technician can describe how an applied force on the brake pedal can be transmitted via fluid pressure to provide a force at a specific wheel cylinder or cylinders.

SC506 Describes/Explains Motion Friction - The technician can explain to the customer how the friction of the pad/shoe on the moving disc/drum wears both parts of the brake system.

SC507 Describes/Explains Motion Lubrication - The technician can discuss the role of lubrication in relation to the concept of friction in the brake system.

SC508 Describes/Explains Matter Metallurgy - The technician can explain the criticality of having the correct drum/disc metals in the braking system.

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- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of capacitance in timer circuits, such as RC timers or a MAP sensor wherein the changing manifold pressure causes two metal discs to act like a capacitor, sending a varying voltage to the brake control system.





SC512 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Contamination - The technician can describe the deterioration in brake system components due to a chemical reaction that occurs in contaminated brake fluid.

SC513 Describes/Explains Force Torque - The technician can describe how torque relates to the brake system requirements.

SC514 Describes/Explains Electricity Semiconductor Devices - The technician can describe the capacity of semiconductor devices system to rapidly engage and release the brakes through the operation of sensors in ABS system.

- The technician can describe how cams, pulleys, and levers are used in a self-adjusting brake system.

SC516 Describes/Explains Motion Rotational - The technician can explain how rotational motion of the wheel is decreased by the brake system.

SC517 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Generators - The technician can explain how the movement of a conductor in a magnetic field can generate signal voltages.

SC518 Describes/Explains Electricity Mechanical Transducers - The technician can describe the role transducers play in sending an electrical control signal to the control module to operate the ABS system.

SC522 Applies/Uses Ratio Proportion Mixtures - The technician can correctly use proportions in making repairs on the brake system.

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Language Arts Related Academic Skills


- The technician will visually skim or scan the manufacturer's service manuals or database to identify information that is related to any unfamiliar electrical and electronic system under review, then study the applicable information with the intensity necessary for the situation.

LA035 Attends Directions/Task - The technician attends to all written and oral directions that relate to the electrical or electronic task or system under study.

LA036 Attends Nonverbal Cues - The technician attends to nonverbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve electrical and electronic problems.

LA037 Attends Verbal Cues - The technician attends to verbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve electrical and electronic problems.

LA038 Collects/Organizes Information-Oral/Written - The technician collects and organizes oral and written information based on discussions, notes,

observations, personal experiences, and data collection that will assist in the problem analysis and solution process for electrical and electronic problems.

NATEF/ASE Electrical/Electronic Task List

LA001 Adapts Diction/Structure


LA005 Adapts Strategy Listening - The technician adapts a strategy for listening that will provide the information required to solve the electrical or electronic problem.

LA006 Adapts Strategy Reading - The technician adapts a reading strategy for all written materials, e.g. customer's notes, service manuals, shop manuals, technical bulletins, and computer/data feed readouts, etc., that will help identify the solution to the electrical/electronic problem.

LA007 Adapts Strategy Speaking - The technician adapts a communication strategy for the customer, supervisor, and fellow employees that will yield the highest quality usable information in solving electrical/electronic problems.

- The technician adapts a writing strategy to a format most appropriate for the intended audience (e.g. customers, supervisor, or fellow employees) when documenting repair information.


LA013 Applies/Uses Definitions - The technician can apply industry definitions to solve problems in various components and systems of the automobile's electrical/electronic system.

LA020 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods - The technician uses study habits and methods to review manufacturer's publications (shop manuals and references) for electrical or electronic technical information.

LA022 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Prior Knowledge - In the diagnosis process, the technician uses prior knowledge of similar electrical or electronic problems to determine the specific cause(s) of the problem.

LA023 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Skimming/Scanning

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LA069 Composes/Edits Notes - The technician makes notes regarding symptoms, possible causes of problems, and other data that will aid in diagnosing and solving electrical and electronic problems.

LA074 Composes/Edits Paragraphs - The technician composes complete and accurate paragraphs that include information on electrical or electronic symptoms, diagnosis, and appropriate details when preparing warranty claims or information for inclusion on work orders.

LA098 Composes/Edits Reports/Essays Summaries - The technician uses appropriate grammar and sentence structure when summarizing problems in electrical and electronic reports.


LA121 Comprehends Information-Oral - The technician can comprehend information presented during discussions with customers and associates regarding electrical or electronic problem symptoms and potential solutions.

LA132 Comprehends Information-Written - The technician can comprehend and apply available written information needed to diagnose, analyze, and solve problems.

LA134 Comprehends Information-Written Cause/Effect Relationships - The technician uses and comprehends electrical or electronic cause and effect relationships (problems solving trees) presented in service manuals.

LA136 Comprehends Information-Written Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for electrical or electronic system operation to identify out of tolerance systems/subsystems.

LA147 Comprehends Information-Written Sequence - The technician consults written information to determine the applicable technical sequence required solving a specific electrical and/or electronic problem.

LA167 Evaluates Information-Oral - The technician can evaluate the usefulness of oral information from customers or associates when analyzing an electrical or electronic problem.

LA180 Evaluates Information-Written - The technician evaluates the usefulness of available written information when analyzing an electrical or electronic problem.

LA215 Identifies Information-Written Abbreviations/Acronyms - The technician can identify and use written abbreviations and acronyms in diagnosing and solving electrical and electronic problems.


LA236 Infers/Predicts Information-Oral - The technician makes inferences and recommends solutions to electrical and electronic problems based on discussions with customers, associates, and supervisors.

LA247 Infers/Predicts Information-Written - The technician makes inferences and predicts the solution to the electrical and electronic problem from the information provided on the work order.

LA256 Infers/Predicts Information-Written Outcomes/Solutions - The technician makes inferences and solves problems from the information provided on the electrical and electronic work order.

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LA266 Presents Informal Speech Information Requests - The technician requests specific information relative to the symptoms of the electrical and electronic problem from the customer, and possible solutions to the problem from associates and supervisors.


LA271 Uses Dictionary -The technician refers to the dictionary to define terms when necessary as part of the problem solving process related to the electrical and electronic system.

LA278 Uses Text Resources - The technician uses text resources such as glossaries of terms, service manual indexes, database menus, and tables of contents to gather data for diagnosis and repair of the electrical and electronic system.

LA283 Uses Media Resources Databases - The technician uses computerized and other databases to obtain electrical or electronic system information.


LA286 Uses Text Resources Service (Shop) Manual - The technician uses the service manual, in both data base and hard copy formats, to identify manufacturer's specifications for electrical or electronic system operation and potential malfunctions.

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NATEF/ASE Electrical/Electronic Task List Mathematics Related Academic Skills MA001 Calculates/Evaluates Algebraic Expressions

- The technician can use Ohm's Law to recognize circuit parameters that are out of tolerance. MA013 Calculates/Evaluates Mean/Median/Mode

- The technician can calculate the average (mean) of several electrical or electronic measurements to evaluate variance from manufacturer's specifications.

MA026 Computes Addition Decimals - The technician can add numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA028 Computes Addition Mentally - The technician can mentally add two or more numbers to determine conformance of multiple electrical or electronic measurements with manufacturer's specifications.

MA034 Computes Addition Whole Numbers - The technician can add whole numbers to determine electrical or electronic measurement conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

MA039 Computes Division Decimals - The technician can divide decimals to determine electrical or electronic measurement conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA041 Computes Division Mentally - The technician can mentally divide numbers to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA047 Computes Division Whole Numbers - The technician can divide whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's electrical or electronic specifications.

MA065 Computes Multiplication Decimals - The technician can multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's electrical or electronic specifications.

MA067 Computes Multiplication Mentally - The technician can mentally multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's electrical or electronic specifications.

MA073 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's electrical or electronic specifications.

MA084 Computes Subtraction Decimals - The technician can subtract numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's electrical or electronic specifications.

MA086 Computes Subtraction Mentally - The technician can mentally subtract numbers to arrive at a difference for comparison with manufacturer's electrical or electronic specifications.

MA092 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's electrical or electronic specifications.

MA097 Constructs Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician can construct a chart/table/graph that will depict a range of performance characteristics for comparison of electrical or electronic system operational conditions.

MA116 Converts Decimals/Fractions Ratios/Percents - The technician can convert test readings that are in decimal or fraction form to a ratio or percent

form for comparison with the manufacturer's electrical or electronic specifications.

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MA117 Converts Formula Equivalent Form - The technician can convert variables in one form to another that allows an algebraic solution based on known information (e.g. converting E=IR to R=E/I).


MA131 Distinguishes Equal/Not Equal - The technician can distinguish when an electrical or electronic measurement or tolerance is not equal to the manufacturer's specification.

MA132 Distinguishes Estimate/Exact Value - The technician knows when to use an exact value versus an estimated performance value, depending upon the system malfunction.

MA133 Distinguishes Proportion/Congruence - The technician can distinguish the congruence of measured tolerances with those specified by the manufacturer.

MA140 Estimates/Rounds Expected Outcomes Everyday Occurrences - The technician estimates the performance outcome of a normally operating electrical or electronic system as well as the expected outcome of everyday occurrences such as excessively high or low resistance within a circuit.


MA161 Identifies English Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's specifications for length, volume, and other appropriate measurements in the English system.

MA171 Identifies Metric Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's specifications for length, volume, and other appropriate measurements using the metric system.

MA172 Identifies Missing/Irrelevant Data Word Problems - The technician can discuss symptoms of electrical or electronic problems with a customer or associate technician, identify missing data required to solve the problem, or recognize data that is irrelevant to solution of the problem.

MA174 Interprets Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for electrical or electronic system operation.

MA176 Interprets Symbols <, >, =, e.g. - The technician interprets symbols to determine manufacturer's electrical or electronic tolerances.

MA177 Interprets System of Numbers Place Value - The technician is able to interpret place value (tenths, hundredths, thousandths) when conducting precision electrical or electronic measurements.

MA180 Measures Direct Angles - The technician uses angle measurement equipment and techniques to determine vehicle angle measurements variance from manufacturer's specifications.

MA183 Measures Direct Time - The technician can use time measurement tools and techniques to determine electrical or electronic system timed or sequenced operating parameters' conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

MA226 Solves Problems Formulas Specified Symbols - The technician can use conventional symbols (E for voltage, etc.) to solve circuit parameter calculations using formulas such as that for Ohm's Law, E=IR.

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MA229 Solves Problems Generates Conclusions Deductive Reasoning - The technician can identify the specific cause of the described electrical or electronic problem by generating conclusions based on the general symptoms of the problem.

MA239 Understands Conditionals - The technician understands that if the electrical or electronic problem has certain conditions (symptoms), then there are a limited number of solutions to the problem.

MA242 Understands Definitions Standards - The technician can use and conform to standards defined by each manufacturer for the electrical or electronic system being analyzed.

MA245 Understands Line/Angle Relationships - When diagnosing a system malfunction, the technician understands the necessity of verifying that the pulley and belt angle relationships concur with manufacturer's specification.

MA258 Understands Statistics Probability - The technician understands that electrical or electronic problem symptoms are statistically related to the probability of specific part or system malfunction.

MA271 Determines Proper Operation - When comparing electrical or electronic system measurements to manufacturer's specifications, the technician can determine the proper sequence of arithmetic operations to arrive at a solution.

MA273 Computes Tolerances/Ranges Mentally - When comparing the circuit measurement to manufacturer's specifications, the technician can mentally compute whether the observed measurement is out-of-tolerance.


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NATEF/ASE Electrical/Electronic Task List Science Related Academic Skills SC007 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues


SC012 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues Waste Management - The technician evaluates the waste products resulting from an electronics repair task and handles the disposal of materials in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations.

SC041 Applies/Uses Laboratory Techniques Safety - The technician follows all safety regulations and related procedures while working with electrical or electronic systems.

SC042 Applies/Uses Maps/Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician uses the information in service manual charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for electrical or electronic system operation and the appropriate repair/replacement part or procedure.

SC044 Applies/Uses Scientific Methods - The technician uses observations to identify electrical or electronic problem symptoms to develop a theory regarding the cause of the problem. The technician tests the hypothesis to determine the solution to the problem.

SC052 Converts Measurement Units English/Metric - The technician can convert measurements taken in the English or metric system to specifications stated in terms of the other system.

SC177 Describes/Explains Electricity - The technician can describe and explain the properties of electricity that impact on the lighting, engine management, and other electrical and electronic components and systems in the vehicle.

SC178 Describes/Explains Batteries - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the electrochemical reactions that occur in wet and dry cell batteries.


SC184 Describes/Explains Electricity Ground - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics of a quality electrical ground and the problems associated with having an electrical circuit inadequately grounded in the system.


SC187 Describes/Explains Electricity Short Circuit - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the processes used to locate a short circuit in the electrical/electronic system.

SC194 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Motors - The technician can describe the role of the alternator in maintaining battery and system voltage.

SC195 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Solar - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of solar panels in maintaining battery voltage and in operating selected accessories on a vehicle.

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SC197 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Transformers - The technician can explain the transformer role of the ignition coil in generating the high

voltages required to fire the sparkplug. SC198 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement

- The technician can describe the correct procedure to measure the electrical parameters of voltage, current, resistance, or power.

SC199 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ammeter/Voltmeter - The technician can describe the measurement of electrical current and voltage using an ammeter or voltmeter (DVOM).

SC201 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Fuse - The technician can describe and explain the role of a fuse or fusible link when used as a protective device in an electrical or electronic circuit.

SC203 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ohm's Law - The technician can describe and explain the use of Ohm's Law in verifying circuit parameters (resistance, voltage, amperage).

SC204 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Resistance - The technician can describe and explain the relationship of resistance to heat, voltage drop, and circuit parameters.

SC205 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Voltage - The technician can describe and explain system voltage generation, uses, and characteristics.

SC211 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions - The technician can describe the ion transfer process that occurs in an automotive battery.


SC213 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions Oxidation/Reduction - The technician can explain the effect of oxidation on electrical connections.

SC214 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism - The technician can explain the relationship between electrical current in a conductor and magnetic field when produced in a coil such as the starter solenoid.

SC215 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Coil - The technician can explain the ability of a coil to increase battery voltage to the level required to fire a sparkplug.

SC217 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Magnetic - Fields/Force - The technician can explain the effect of magnetic fields on unshielded circuits in some control modules.

SC273 Describes/Explains Heat - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the effect of heat on electrical/electronic systems.

SC274 Describes/Explains Heat Conduction/Convection - The technician is able to explain the concept of heat transfer in terms of conduction and/or convection in automotive electrical or electronic systems.

SC277 Describes/Explains Heat Expansion/Contraction - The technician is able to describe the expansion and contraction of system parts as a result of heat generated during use and the cooling of the system when not in operation.

SC280 Describes/Explains Heat Insulation - The technician can explain the role of insulation in maintaining stable temperatures in the electrical/electronic systems.

SC282 Describes/Explains Heat Temperature Measuring Devices - The technician can explain the operation of thermistors in ECT and IAT sensor systems.

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- The technician uses tension gauges such as a torque wrench to measure the force or tension required to tighten connections to manufacturer's specifications.

SC333 Describes/Explains Light Refraction - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of refraction as it occurs in electrical/electronics systems that employ fiber optics.


- The technician can explain the need for a specific gravity test of battery electrolyte to determine charge.

SC356 Describes/Explains Motion Vibrations/Waves - The technician is able to describe the cause and types of vibrations caused by out-of-balance or

excessively worn systems. SC404 Describes/Explains Sound Frequency-Hertz

- The technician is able to explain the relationship of the frequency of the sound to a normal or abnormally operating amplifier system.


SC435 Describes/Explains Weather/Climate Barometric Pressure - The technician can describe the relationship of barometric pressure to electrical/electronic system performance.

SC443 Describes/Explains Weather/Climate Relative Humidity - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and discuss relative humidity in terms of effect on electronic climate control systems for heating, air conditioning, etc.


SC449 Identifies Acids/Bases - The technician can identify the effects of the pH of a substance used on the electrical system.

SC467 Identifies Definitions Operational - The technician is able to identify the characteristics that define an electrical or electronic system that is operating within manufacturer's specifications.

SC489 Measures Distance/Length - The technician uses precision measuring devices to determine if wear and adjustments are within manufacturer's specifications, and to assure that repair or replacement parts meet manufacturer's specifications.


SC494 Measures Pressure - The technician uses pressure measuring tools to identify MAP sensors not meeting manufacturer's specified range.

SC495 Measures Temperature Fahrenheit/Centigrade - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure system temperatures and then converts to Fahrenheit or Centigrade as required.

SC496 Measures Time - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure time and compare the results to the manufacturer's specifications as it applies to the electrical system.

SC497 Measures Volume Liquids/Solids - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure the volume of liquids in components of the electrical system and compare to manufacturer's specifications.

SC499 Uses Computers Information Processing - The technician uses computer databases for electrical or electronic system information retrieval for system repair, and for input devices to process information for customers, billing purposes, warranty work, and other record keeping purposes.

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SC501 Uses Computers Problem Solving - The technician uses computer databases to retrieve information and solve electrical/electronic system problems.


- The technician uses precision electrical test equipment to measure current, voltage, resistance, continuity, and/or power.

SC503 Describes/Explains Fluid System Hydraulics - The technician can explain how an applied force at one location can be transmitted via fluid pressure to provide a force at a remote location on the vehicle.

SC505 Describes/Explains Atoms Ions - The technician can explain catalytic converter principles which modify emission gases at the atomic

level to provide a low level of HC, CO, and NOx in the final exhaust. SC509 Describes/Explains Electricity Capacitance

- The technician can describe the role of capacitance in timer circuits, such as RC timers or a MAP sensor wherein the changing manifold pressure causes two metal discs to act like a capacitor, sending a varying voltage to the electronic engine control system.


SC514 Describes/Explains Electricity Semiconductor Devices - The technician can describe the capacity of semiconductor devices to rapidly modify engine operation parameters depending on multiple inputs from engine operational sensors.

SC517 Describes/Explains Electricity/Generating Generators - The technician can explain how the movement of a conductor in a magnetic field can generate electricity.

SC518 Describes/Explains Electricity Mechanical Transducers - The technician can describe the role mechanical transducers play in sending an electrical control signal to modify the system's operating characteristics.

SC519 Describes Electricity Photocells - The technician can describe the purpose of photocells and measurement processes that can be used to determine output.

SC528 Describes/Explains Adhesives/Sealants - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how surface processes and

cohesive/adhesive forces aid in glues, tapes, and sealants.

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LA022 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Prior Knowledge

NATEF/ASE Heating and Air Conditioning Task List Language Arts Related Academic Skills LA001 Adapts Diction/Structure

- The technician adapts diction/structure to accommodate the context of all verbal and written communication regarding the heating and air conditioning task.

LA005 Adapts Strategy Listening - The technician adapts a strategy for listening that will provide the information required to solve the heating and air conditioning problem.

LA006 Adapts Strategy Reading - The technician adapts a reading strategy for all written materials, e.g. customer's notes, service manuals, shop manuals, technical bulletins, and computer/data feed readouts, etc., that will help identify the solution to the heating and air conditioning problem.

LA007 Adapts Strategy Speaking - The technician adapts a strategy for speaking to the customer, supervisor, and fellow employees that will yield the highest quality usable information for solving the heating and air conditioning problem.



LA013 Applies/Uses Definitions - The technician can apply industry definitions to solve problems in various components and systems of the heating and air conditioning system.

LA020 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods - The technician uses study habits and methods when consulting the manufacturer's publications, e.g. shop manuals, references, and computer databases.

- In the diagnosis process, the technician uses prior knowledge of similar heating and air conditioning problems to determine the specific cause(s) of the problem.


LA035 Attends Directions/Task - The technician attends to written and oral directions that relate to the heating and air conditioning task or system under study. LA036 Attends Nonverbal Cues- The technician adapts a writing strategy to a format most appropriate for the intended audience (e.g. customers, supervisor, or fellow employees) when documenting repair information. The technician attends to nonverbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve problems.

LA037 Attends Verbal Cues - The technician attends to verbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve the heating and air conditioning problem.

LA038 Collects/Organizes Information-Oral/Written - The technician collects and organizes oral and written information based on discussions, notes,

observation, personal experience, and data collection that will assist in the heating and air conditioning problem analysis and solution process.

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LA069 Composes/Edits Notes - The technician jots down notes on symptoms, possible causes of the problem, and other data that will aid heating and air conditioning system diagnosis and problem solving.

LA074 Composes/Edits Paragraphs - The technician composes complete and accurate paragraphs that include information on heating and air conditioning system symptoms, diagnosis, and appropriate details when preparing warranty claims on work orders and parts requests.

LA098 Composes/Edits Reports/Essays Summaries - The technician uses appropriate grammar and sentence structure when summarizing problems regarding the heating and air conditioning system in reports.

LA099 Composes/Edits Sentences - The technician uses conventional sentence structure, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation when composing sentences for heating and air conditioning system warranty reports and work orders.

LA121 Comprehends Information-Oral - The technician can comprehend information presented during discussions with customers and associates regarding heating and air conditioning system problem symptoms and potential solutions.

LA132 Comprehends Information-Written - The technician can comprehend and apply heating and air conditioning information presented in publications from manufacturers and other sources.

LA134 Comprehends Information-Written Cause/Effect Relationships - The technician uses and comprehends cause/effect relationships (HVAC problem solving trees) presented in service manuals.

LA136 Comprehends Information-Written Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for heating and air conditioning system operation to identify out of tolerance systems/subsystems.

LA147 Comprehends Information-Written Sequence - The technician consults written information to determine the applicable technical sequence required for solving a specific problem in the air conditioning system.

LA167 Evaluates Information-Oral - The technician can evaluate the usefulness of oral information from customers or associates when analyzing a heating and air conditioning problem.

LA180 Evaluates Information-Written - The technician evaluates the usefulness of available written information when analyzing an air conditioning system problem.

LA215 Identifies Information-Written Abbreviations/Acronyms - The technician can identify and use written abbreviations and acronyms in diagnosis and solving problems in the air conditioning system.


LA236 Infers/Predicts Information-Oral - During discussions with customers, associates, and supervisors, the technician makes inferences and predicts solutions to heating and air conditioning problems.

LA247 Infers/Predicts Information-Written - The technician infers the heating or air conditioning problem and predicts the solution to the problem from the information provided on the work order.

LA256 Infers/Predicts Information-Written Outcomes/Solutions - The technician infers the problem and predicts the solution to the heating and air conditioning problem from the information provided on the work order.

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LA266 Presents Informal Speech Information Requests - The technician requests specific information relative to the symptoms of the heating and air conditioning problem from the customer, and possible solutions to the problem from associates and supervisors.


LA271 Uses Dictionary - The technician refers to the dictionary to define terms when necessary as part of the problem solving process.

LA278 Uses Text Resources - The technician uses text resources such as glossaries of terms, service manual indexes, database menus, and tables of contents to gather data for heating and air conditioning system diagnosis and repair.

LA283 Uses Media Resources Databases - The technician uses computers and other databases to obtain heating and air conditioning system information.


LA286 Uses Text Resources Service (Shop) Manual - The technician uses the service manual, in both database and hard copy formats, to identify manufacturer's specifications for heating and air conditioning system operation and potential malfunctions.

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- The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications.


NATEF/ASE Heating and Air Conditioning Task List Mathematics Related Academic Skills MA001 Calculates/Evaluates Algebraic Expressions

- The technician can identify and use Ohm's Law to recognize heating and air conditioning circuit parameters that are out of tolerance.

MA026 Computes Addition Decimals - The technician can add numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications.

MA028 Computes Addition Mentally - The technician can mentally add two or more numbers to determine conformance of multiple measurements with manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications.

MA034 Computes Addition Whole Numbers - The technician can add whole numbers to determine heating and air conditioning component conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

MA041 Computes Division Mentally - The technician can mentally divide numbers to determine conformance with manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications.

MA047 Computes Division Whole Numbers - The technician can divide whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications.

MA065 Computes Multiplication Decimals - The technician can multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications.

MA067 Computes Multiplication Mentally - The technician can mentally multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications.

MA073 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers

MA084 Computes Subtraction Decimals - The technician can subtract numbers that include decimals to determine heating and air conditioning parameters conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

MA086 Computes Subtraction Mentally - The technician can mentally subtract numbers to arrive at a difference for comparison with manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications.

MA092 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine difference for comparison with manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications.

MA126 Converts Units English/Metric -- Feet/Meters, e.g. - The technician can measure/test with tools designed for metric or English measurements and then convert the resulting measurement to the manufacturer's heating and air conditioning system used for specifying the correct measurement or tolerance.

MA131 Distinguishes Equal/Not Equal - The technician can distinguish when a heating and air conditioning system measurement or tolerance is not equal to the manufacturer's specification.

- The technician can distinguish the need to use an exact value versus an estimated performance value, depending upon the heating and air conditioning system malfunction.

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MA133 Distinguishes Proportion/Congruence - The technician can distinguish the congruence of measured tolerances with those specified by the manufacturer.

MA140 Estimates/Rounds Expected Outcomes Everyday Occurrences - The technician estimates the performance outcome of a normally operating heating and air conditioning system as well as the expected outcome of everyday occurrences such as the loss of refrigerant.


MA153 Formulates/Verifies Angles - The technician can visually formulate an angle and verify its conformance to the manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specified angle.

MA161 Identifies English Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications for length, volume and other appropriate measurements in the English system.

MA171 Identifies Metric Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications for length, volume and other appropriate measurements using the metric system.

MA172 Identifies Missing/Irrelevant Data Word Problems - The technician can discuss symptoms of problems with a customer or associate technician, identify missing data required to solve the heating and air conditioning problem, or recognize data that is irrelevant to solution of the problem.

MA174 Interprets Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for heating and air conditioning system operation.

MA176 Interprets Symbols <, >, =, e.g. - The technician interprets symbols to determine manufacturer's specified clearances for the heating and air conditioning system being repaired.


MA181 Measures Direct Distance - The technician measures distance to determine conformance to manufacturer's heating and air conditioning system tolerance specifications.

MA182 Measures Direct Temperature - The technician can use measurement tools to determine the operating temperatures of a heating and air conditioning system.

MA183 Measures Direct Time - The technician can use different time measurement tools and techniques to determine if the system's timed or sequenced operating parameters are in conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.


MA191 Measures Metric Temperature - The technician can use metric temperature measurement instruments to measure heating and air conditioning system temperature and determine conformance to metric specifications.

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MA226 Solves Problems Formulas Specified Symbols - The technician can use conventional symbols (E for voltage, etc.) to solve heating and air conditioning circuit parameter calculations using formulas such as that for Ohm's Law, E=IR.


- The technician can analyze and solve problems requiring the use of fractions, decimals, ratios or percent by a direct or indirect variation of the numerical elements of the problem.

MA229 Solves Problems Generates Conclusions Deductive Reasoning - The technician can identify the specific cause of the heating and air conditioning problem by generating conclusions based on the general symptoms of the problem.

MA232 Solves Problems Proportion Volume - The technician can solve problems that involve determining whether the proportion of the existing volume is within recommended tolerance when compared to the manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications.

MA239 Understands Conditionals - The technician understands that if the heating and air conditioning problem has certain conditions (symptoms), then there are a limited number of solutions to the problem.

MA242 Understands Definitions Standards - The technician uses and comprehends standards defined by the manufacturer for the heating and air conditioning system being analyzed.

MA258 Understands Statistics Probability - The technician understands that heating and air conditioning problem symptoms are statistically related to the probability of specific part or system malfunction.

MA271 Determines Proper Operation - The technician can determine the proper sequence of arithmetic operations to arrive at a solution when comparing system measurements to the manufacturer's heating and air conditioning specifications.

MA273 Computes Tolerances/Ranges Mentally - When comparing heating and air conditioning system measurements to manufacturer's specifications, the technician can mentally compute whether the observed measurement is out-of-tolerance.


MA275 Identifies Temperatures F/C - The technician can identify whether a temperature measurement should be made using a Fahrenheit or centigrade measuring device.

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NATEF/ASE Heating and Air Conditioning Task List Science Related Academic Skills SC007 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues


SC012 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues Waste Management - The technician evaluates the waste products resulting from a heating and air conditioning system repair task and handles the disposal of materials in accordance to applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations.

SC041 Applies/Uses Laboratory Techniques Safety - The technician follows all safety regulations and related procedures while working on the heating and air conditioning system.

SC042 Applies/Uses Maps/Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician uses the information in service manual charts/tables/ graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for heating and air conditioning system operation and the appropriate repair/replacement part or procedure.

SC044 Applies/Uses Scientific Methods - The technician uses observations to identify symptoms to develop a theory regarding the cause of the heating and air conditioning problem based on the information provided. The technician tests the hypothesis to determine the solution to the problem.

SC052 Converts Measurement Units English/Metric - The technician can convert measurements taken using the English or metric system to specifications stated in either system.

SC114 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions - The technician can describe the chemical reactions that occur in the automobile related to contamination when introduced into the heating and air conditioning systems.

SC121 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Inhibitors - The technician can explain the purpose of having additives in lubricants in the heating and air conditioning system.

SC177 Describes/Explains Electricity - The technician can describe and explain the properties of electricity that impact on the heating and air conditioning system in the vehicle.

SC178 Describes/Explains Batteries - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the electrochemical reactions that occur in the heating and air conditioning system.

SC180 Describes/Explains Conductors - The technician can explain the difference between electrical conductors and insulators as related to the heating and air conditioning system.

SC182 Describes/Explains Current AC-DC - The technician can explain the difference between direct and alternating current within the heating and air conditioning system.

SC184 Describes/Explains Electricity Ground - The technician can describe the characteristics of a quality electrical ground and the problems

associated with having an electrical circuit inadequately grounded as related to the heating and air conditioning system.

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- The technician can explain voltage and current flow in heating and air conditioning series and parallel circuits.

- The technician can explain the conductivity problems in a heating and air conditioning circuit when connectors corrode due to electrochemical reactions.

SC186 Describes/Explains Electricity Parallel/Series Circuits

SC187 Describes/Explains Electricity Short Circuit - The technician can describe processes to use to locate a short circuit in the heating and air conditioning electrical/electronic system.


SC195 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Solar - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of solar panels in maintaining battery voltage and in operating selected accessories as related to the heating and air conditioning system.

SC197 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Transformers - The technician can explain the role of a transformer in generating a high voltage required for the heating and air conditioning system.

SC198 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement - The technician can describe the correct process to measure heating and air conditioning electrical/electronic voltage and current.

SC199 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ammeter/Voltmeter - The technician can describe the measurement of heating and air conditioning electrical current and voltage using an ammeter or voltmeter (DVOM).

SC201 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Fuse - The technician can describe and explain the role of a fuse or fusible link when used as a protective device in a heating and air conditioning circuit.

SC203 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ohm's Law - The technician can describe and explain the use of Ohm's Law in verifying heating and air conditioning circuit parameters (resistance, voltage, amperage).

SC204 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Resistance - The technician can describe and explain the effect of resistance on component heat, voltage drop, and heating and air conditioning circuit parameters.

SC205 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Voltage - The technician can describe and explain how to measure and interpret heating and air conditioning voltage readings.

SC212 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions Activity of Metals

SC214 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism - The technician can explain the relationship between electrical current in a conductor and magnetic field when produced in a coil such as the one in a gauge.

SC215 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Coil - The technician can explain the effect of an electrical current through a coil in the compressor clutch.

SC217 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Magnetic Fields/Force - The technician can explain the effect of magnetic fields on unshielded circuits in control modules of a heating and air conditioning circuit.

SC233 Describes/Explains Energy Kinetic/Potential - The technician can describe the kinetic and potential energy relationships that occur in heating and air conditioning systems.

SC250 Describes/Explains Force Centrifugal/Centripetal - The technician can explain the relationship of centrifugal/centripetal force to the functioning or

failure of a rotating devise within the heating and air conditioning system.

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- The technician can explain the role of insulation in maintaining stable temperatures.

- The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role of listening to sounds as part of the trouble-shooting process of the heating and air conditioning system.

- The technician can describe pressure relationships in the heating and air conditioning system. SC273 Describes/Explains Heat

- The technician can describe the effect of heat on the heating and air conditioning system. SC274 Describes/Explains Heat Conduction/Convection

- The technician is able to explain the concept of heat transfer in terms of conduction and/or convection in automotive heating and air conditioning system failures.

SC277 Describes/Explains Heat Expansion/Contraction - The technician is able to describe the expansion and contraction of refrigerant during the cooling cycle.

SC278 Describes/Explains Heat Fusion/Vaporization - The technician can describe the effect of adding heat that will cause a change in state of matter, such as solid to a liquid to a gas.


SC281 Describes/Explains Heat Radiation - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the method of heat transfer that involves infrared rays as related to the heating and air conditioning system.

SC282 Describes/Explains Heat Temperature Measuring Devices - The technician can describe processes and associated devices for measuring heating and air conditioning system temperatures.

SC336 Describes/Explains Light Ultraviolet - The technician can explain to the customer why dyes added to the heating and air conditioning system fluoresce in ultraviolet light, providing a process to determine the source of leakage.

SC341 Describes/Explains Matter Phases/States - The technician can describe phase and state changes in the heating and air conditioning cooling cycle.

SC356 Describes/Explains Motion Vibrations/Waves - The technician is able to describe the cause and types of vibrations caused by out-of-balance or excessively worn heating and air conditioning parts.

SC396 Describes/Explains Sound - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the role sound plays in the cause of various problems in the heating and air conditioning system.

SC397 Describes/Explains Sound Amplification - The technician can explain to a customer how sound can be amplified due to resonant cavities and other physical characteristics of the heating and air conditioning system.

SC399 Describes/Explains Sound Carriers/Insulators - The technician can describe how sound generated one place in the heating and air conditioning system can be carried to other parts of the engine or body through metal.


SC404 Describes/Explains Sound Frequency-Hertz - The technician is able to explain the relationship of the frequency of the sound to a normal or abnormally operating heating and air conditioning system.


SC406 Describes/Explains Sound Noise/Acoustics - The technician is able to describe why a specific noise sounds differently depending on the acoustics of the heating and air conditioning system.

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- The technician uses tension gauges such as a torque wrench to measure the force or tension required to tighten all heating and air conditioning system connections to manufacturer's specifications.

SC407 Describes/Explains Sound Overtones/Harmonics - The technician can explain that the presence of overtones may indicate changes in vibrations in various systems when repairing or replacing heating and air conditioning subsystems.

SC408 Describes/Explains Sound Pitch/Frequency - The technician can explain the relationships of pitch to frequency in analyzing noise problems in the heating and air conditioning system.


- The technician can describe how the air conditioning system removes excessive humidity from the vehicle.

SC447 Describes/Explains Work Levers - The technician can explain how levers can be used to increase an applied force or distance in the manual control of the heating and air conditioning system.

SC448 Describes/Explains Work Pulleys - The technician can explain how pulleys can be used to increase an applied force or distance in the control system of the heating and air conditioning system.

SC467 Identifies Definitions Operational - The technician is able to identify and define terms specifically related to heating and air conditioning systems, diagnosis, service, and repair.

SC489 Measures Distance/Length - The technician uses precision measuring devices to determine if heating and air conditioning system wear and adjustments are within manufacturer's specifications, and to assure that repair or replacement parts meet manufacturer's specifications.


SC493 Measures Mass/Weight - The technician uses a scale to measure refrigerant weight for the heating and air conditioning system.

SC494 Measures Pressure - The technician uses pressure measuring tools to determine pressures in hydraulic or pneumatic systems and compares to manufacturer's specifications.

SC495 Measures Temperature Fahrenheit/Centigrade - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure heating and air conditioning system temperatures and then converts to Fahrenheit or Centigrade as required.

SC496 Measures Time - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure time and compares the results to the manufacturer's specifications.

SC497 Measures Volume Liquids/Solids - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure the volume of liquids in the heating and air conditioning system and compare to manufacturer's specifications.

SC499 Uses Computers Information Processing - The technician uses computer databases for heating and air conditioning information retrieval and for input devices to process information for customers, billing purposes, warranty work, and other record keeping purposes.

SC501 Uses Computers Problem Solving - The technician uses computers and other input devices to solve problems in the heating and air conditioning system.

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SC502 Measures Parameters Electrical - The technician uses precision electrical test equipment to measure current, voltage, resistance, continuity, and/or power in the heating and air conditioning system.

SC503 Describes/Explains Fluid System Hydraulics - The technician can explain how an applied force at one location can be transmitted via fluid pressure to provide a force at a remote location in the vehicle.

SC504 Describes/Explains Fluid System Pneumatics - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the physical properties in pneumatic systems.

SC506 Describes/Explains Motion Friction - The technician can explain to the customer the need for lubrication of adjacent parts to minimize friction as a result of movement at the junction of parts in the heating and air conditioning system.

SC507 Describes/Explains Motion Lubrication - The technician can discuss the role of lubrication in relation to the concept of friction in the heating and air conditioning system.

SC510 Describes/Explains Fluid System Dynamics - The technician can explain the fluid system dynamic properties of a heating and air conditioning system.

SC511 Describes/Explains Matter Surface Process (Absorption/Adsorption) - The technician can explain the surface process that occurs on heating and air conditioning system seals due to absorption of the contained materials.

SC512 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Contamination - The technician can describe the deterioration in performance due to a chemical reaction that occurs in a contaminated fluid in the heating and air conditioning system.

SC513 Describes/Explains Force Torque - The technician can describe how torque relates to force and angular acceleration in components of the heating and air conditioning system.

SC514 Describes/Explains Electricity Semiconductor Devices - The technician can describe the capacity of semiconductor devices to control heating and air conditioning operations depending on multiple inputs from sensors inside and outside of the vehicle.

SC518 Describes/Explains Electricity Mechanical Transducers - The technician can describe the role mechanical transducers play in sending an electrical control signal to modify the system's operating characteristics.

SC519 Describes/Explains Electricity Photocells - The technician can describe the purpose of photocells in a heating and air conditioning system and the measurement processes that can be used to determine output.

SC520 Describes/Explains Flow Rate - The technician can describe how variances in flow rate in air flow sensors or cooling systems can affect engine performance.

SC522 Applies/Uses Ratio Proportion Mixtures - The technician can correctly use proportions in mixing coolant for the heating and air conditioning system.

SC528 Describes/Explains Adhesives/Sealants - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how surface processes and cohesive/adhesive forces aid in glues, tapes, and sealants used in the heating and air conditioning system.

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NATEF/ASE Engine Performance Task List Language Arts Related Academic Skills LA001 Adapts Diction/Structure


LA005 Adapts Strategy Listening - The technician adapts a strategy for listening that will provide the information required to solve a drivability problem.

LA006 Adapts Strategy Reading - The technician adapts a reading strategy for all written materials, e.g. customer's notes, service manuals, shop manuals, technical bulletins, and computer/data feed readouts, etc., that will help identify the solution to the engine performance problem.

LA007 Adapts Strategy Speaking - The technician adapts a strategy for speaking to the customer, supervisor and fellow employees that will yield the highest quality usable information for solving a drivability problem.

LA008 Adapts Strategy Writing - The technician adapts a strategy for writing to a format most appropriate for the intended audience (e.g. customers, supervisor, or fellow employees) when documenting repair information.


LA013 Applies/Uses Definitions - The technician can apply standard SAE J1930 definitions to systems and components and use accepted definitions for problem solving.

LA020 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods - The technician uses study habits and methods when consulting manufacturer's publications (shop manuals and references) for technical information on engine performance.

LA022 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Prior Knowledge - In the diagnosis process, the technician uses prior drivability problem diagnosis to determine the specific cause(s) of the problem.

LA023 Applies/Uses Study Habits/Methods Skimming/Scanning - The technician will visually skim or scan the manufacturer's service manuals or database for information on the systems that effect engine performance.

LA035 Attends Directions/Task - The technician attends to written and oral directions that relate to the engine performance system under study.

LA036 Attends Nonverbal Cues - The technician attends to nonverbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve engine performance problems.

LA037 Attends Verbal Cues - The technician attends to verbal cues in discussions with customers and associates to verify, identify, and solve drivability problems.

LA038 Collects/Organizes Information-Oral/Written - The technician collects and organizes oral and written information based on discussions, notes, observation, personal experience, and data collection that will assist in drivability problem analysis and solution.

LA069 Composes/Edits Notes - The technician jots down notes on drivability symptoms, possible causes of the problem, and other data that will aid diagnosis and problem solving.

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- The technician can evaluate the usefulness of oral information from customers or associates when analyzing a drivability problem.

LA074 Composes/Edits Paragraphs - The technician composes complete and accurate paragraphs that include information on drivability symptoms, diagnosis, and appropriate details when preparing warranty claims or information for inclusion on work orders.

LA098 Composes/Edits Reports/Essays Summaries - The technician uses appropriate grammar and sentence structure when summarizing problems in warranty reports.


LA121 Comprehends Information-Oral - The technician can comprehend information presented during discussions with customers and associates regarding drivability problem symptoms and potential solutions.

LA132 Comprehends Information-Written - The technician can comprehend and apply available written information needed to diagnose, analyze, and solve drivability problems.

LA134 Comprehends Information-Written Cause/Effect Relationships - The technician uses and comprehends cause effect relationships (problems solving trees) presented in service manuals when diagnosing drivability problems.

LA136 Comprehends Information-Written Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for system operation to identify out of tolerance systems/subsystems.

LA147 Comprehends Information-Written Sequence - The technician consults written information to determine the applicable technical sequence required for solving a specific engine performance problem.


LA180 Evaluates Information-Written - The technician evaluates the usefulness of available written information when analyzing an engine performance problem.


LA231 Identifies Purpose/Strategy - In all written and oral communications, the technician identifies the purpose for the communication and then identifies the most effective strategies for listening, reading, speaking, and writing to facilitate the communication.

LA236 Infers/Predicts Information-Oral - During discussions with customers, associates, and supervisors, the technician makes inferences and predicts solutions to drivability problems.

LA247 Infers/Predicts Information-Written - The technician infers the drivability problem and predicts the solution from the information provided on the work order.

LA256 Infers/Predicts Information-Written Outcomes/Solutions - The technician infers the problem and predicts the solution to a drivability problem from the information provided on the work order.

LA266 Presents Informal Speech Information Requests - The technician requests specific information relative to the drivability symptoms of the problem from the customer, and possible solutions to the problem from associates and supervisors.

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- The technician uses computers and other databases to obtain system information.

LA267 Presents Informal Speech Information Supplying - The technician supplies clarifying information to associates, the parts supplier and the supervisor.


LA278 Uses Text Resources - The technician uses text resources such as glossaries of terms, service manual indexes, database menus, and tables of contents to gather data for drivability problem diagnosis and repair.



LA286 Uses Text Resources Service (Shop) Manual - The technician uses the service manual, in both database and hard copy formats, to identify manufacturer's specifications for system operation and potential malfunctions causing drivability problems.

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NATEF/ASE Engine Performance Task List Mathematics Related Academic Skills MA001 Calculates/Evaluates Algebraic Expressions

- The technician can use Ohm's Law to recognize engine performance and powertrain circuit parameters that are out of tolerance.

MA013 Calculates/Evaluates Mean/Median/Mode - The technician can calculate the average (mean) of several measurements to evaluate circuit variance from manufacturer's specifications.

MA026 Computes Addition Decimals - The technician can add numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA028 Computes Addition Mentally - The technician can mentally add two or more numbers to determine conformance of multiple measurements with manufacturer's circuit specifications.

MA034 Computes Addition Whole numbers - The technician can add whole numbers to determine measured circuit component conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

MA039 Computes Division Decimals - The technician can divide decimals to determine circuit conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

MA041 Computes Division Mentally - The technician can mentally divide numbers to determine circuit conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

MA047 Computes Division Whole Numbers - The technician can divide whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA065 Computes Multiplication Decimals - The technician can multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA067 Computes Multiplication Mentally - The technician can mentally multiply numbers that include decimals to determine conformance with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA073 Computes Subtraction Whole Numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine differences for comparison with the manufacturer's specifications.

MA084 Computes Subtraction Decimals - The technician can subtract numbers that include decimals to determine circuit conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

MA086 Computes Subtraction Mentally - The technician can mentally subtract numbers to arrive at a difference for comparison with manufacturer's circuit specifications.

MA092 Computes Subtraction Whole numbers - The technician can subtract whole numbers to determine difference for comparison with manufacturer's circuit specifications.

MA097 Constructs Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician can construct a chart, table or graph that will depict a range of electrical measurements for comparison of sensor and system operational conditions.

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- The technician can measure/test with tools designed for metric or English measurements and then convert the resulting measurement to the manufacturer's system used for specifying the correct measurement or tolerance.

MA153 Formulates/Verifies Angles

MA177 Interprets System of Numbers Place Value

- The technician uses angle measurement equipment and techniques to determine the drive belt angle measurement's variance from manufacturer's specifications.

MA116 Converts Decimals/Fractions Ratios/Percents - The technician can convert test readings that are in decimal or fraction form to a ratio or percent for comparison with manufacturer's specifications.

MA117 Converts Formula Equivalent Form - The technician can convert electrical measurement variables presented in one form to another that allows an algebraic solution based on known information (e.g. converting E=IR to R=E/I).

MA126 Converts Units Metric/English -- Meters/Feet, e.g.

MA131 Distinguishes Equal/Not Equal - The technician can distinguish when a circuit measurement is not equal to the manufacturer's specification.

MA132 Distinguishes Estimate/Exact Value - The technician knows when to use an exact value versus an estimated value, depending upon the system malfunction.

MA133 Distinguishes Proportion/Congruence - The technician can distinguish the congruence of the measured circuit tolerances with those specified by the manufacturer.

MA140 Estimates/Rounds Expected Outcomes Everyday Occurrences - The technician estimates the performance outcome of a normally operating Powertrain Control Module (PCM) and related systems. The technician can estimate the expected outcome of everyday occurrences such as the result of system parameters out of manufacturer's specifications.


- The technician can visually formulate a drive belt angle and verify the conformance to manufacturer's specified angle.

MA161 Identifies English Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's specifications for length, volume, and other appropriate measurements in the English system.

MA171 Identifies Metric Measures Length/Volume/Weight - The technician can determine the degree of conformance to manufacturer's specifications for length, volume, and other appropriate measurements using the metric system.

MA172 Identifies Missing/Irrelevant Data Word Problems - The technician can discuss symptoms of problems with a customer or associate technician and identify missing data required to solve the problem, and data that is irrelevant to the solution of the problem.

MA174 Interprets Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician interprets charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for PCM and related system operation.

MA176 Interprets Symbols <, >, =, e.g. - The technician interprets symbols to determine manufacturer's specified circuit tolerances.

- The technician is able to interpret place value (tenths, hundredths, thousandths) when conducting precision measurements.


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MA182 Measures Direct Temperature

- The technician can use time measurement tools and techniques to determine system timed or sequenced operating parameters' conformance with manufacturer's specifications.

- The technician can use metric temperature measurement instruments to measure system temperature and determine conformance to specifications.

MA181 Measures Direct Distance - The technician measures distance to determine conformance to manufacturer's tolerance specifications.

- The technician can use thermometers and thermistor measurement tools to determine the existing temperature of coolant or lubricant.


MA184 Measures Direct Volume - The technician can use volume measurement techniques to determine volume in a system, component, or cylinder.


MA191 Measures Metric Temperature

MA192 Measures Metric Volume - The technician can determine the volume of a vessel where the specification is in liters.

MA193 Measures Metric Weight - The technician can use metric weighing devices to determine the conformance of a weight to metric tolerances.

MA226 Solves Problems Formulas Specified Symbols - The technician can use conventional symbols (E for voltage, etc.) to solve circuit parameter calculations using formulas such as that for Ohm's Law, E=IR.


- The technician can analyze and solve problems requiring the use of fractions, decimals, ratios or percent by a direct or indirect variation of the numerical elements of the problem.

MA229 Solves Problems Generates Conclusions Deductive Reasoning - The technician can identify the cause of the drivability problem by generating conclusions based on the general symptoms of the problem.

MA239 Understands Conditionals - The technician understands that if the drivability problem has certain conditions (symptoms), then there are a limited number of solutions to the problem.

MA242 Understands Definitions Standards - The technician uses and comprehends standard SAE J1930 terminology.

MA244 Understands Geometric Figures Visual Perception - The technician can visually perceive the geometric figure relationships of belts and pulleys.

MA245 Understands Line/Angle Relationships - When diagnosing a system malfunction, the technician understands the necessity of verifying that the relationship of parallel lines and angle relationships concur with manufacturer's specification.

MA258 Understands Statistics Probability - The technician understands that drivability problem symptoms are statistically related to the probability of specific part or system malfunction.

MA271 Determines Proper Operation - When comparing system measurements to manufacturer's specifications, the technician can determine the proper sequence of arithmetic operations to arrive at a solution for comparison to specifications.

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MA273 Computes Tolerances/Ranges Mentally - When comparing the observed precision measurements to manufacturer's specifications, the technician can mentally compute whether the observed measurement is out-of-tolerance.

MA274 Computes Proper Operations Mentally - The technician can determine the proper operation (addition, multiplication, subtraction or division) and mentally arrive at a solution.

MA275 Identifies Temperatures F/C - The technician can identify whether a temperature measurement should be made using a Fahrenheit or centigrade measuring device.

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- The technician can describe processes used to locate a short circuit in the electrical/electronic system.

NATEF/ASE Engine Performance Task List Science Related Academic Skills SC007 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues


SC012 Analyzes/Evaluates Environmental Issues Waste Management - The technician evaluates the waste products resulting from an engine repair task and handles the disposal of materials in accordance to applicable federal, state, and local rules and regulations.

SC041 Applies/Uses Laboratory Techniques Safety - The technician follows all safety regulations and related procedures while performing an engine performance task.

SC042 Applies/Uses Maps/Charts/Tables/Graphs - The technician uses the information in service manual charts/tables/graphs to determine manufacturer's specifications for engine performance systems operation and appropriate repair/replacement parts and procedures.

SC044 Applies/Uses Scientific Methods - The technician uses observations and gathers information to identify symptoms to develop a hypothesis regarding the cause of the engine performance problem. The technician tests the hypothesis to determine the solution to the problem.

SC052 Converts Measurement Units English/Metric - The technician can convert measurements taken using the English or metric system to specifications stated in either system.

SC114 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions - The technician can describe the chemical reactions related to combustion of fuels in the engine.

SC121 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Inhibitors - The technician can explain the purpose of having additives in lubricants as related to engine performance.

SC177 Describes/Explains Electricity - The technician can describe and explain the properties of electricity that impact the powertrain control module (PCM) and other electrical systems in the vehicle.

SC178 Describe/Explains Electricity Batteries - The technician can explain how variations in battery voltage can affect drivability.

SC180 Describes/Explains Conductors - The technician can explain the difference between electrical conductors and insulators in engine performance.

SC182 Describes/Explains Current AC-DC - The technician can explain the difference between direct and alternating current and its impact on engine performance.

SC184 Describes/Explains Electricity Ground - The technician can describe the characteristics of a quality electrical ground and the drivability problems associated with having an electrical circuit inadequately grounded.

SC186 Describes/Explains Electricity Parallel/Series Circuits - The technician can explain voltage and current flow in series and parallel circuits.


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SC197 Describes/Explains Electricity - Generating Transformers - The technician can explain the transformer role of the ignition coil in generating high voltages required to fire the sparkplug.

SC198 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement - The technician can describe the correct procedure to measure the electrical parameters of voltage, current, resistance, or power.

SC199 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ammeter/Voltmeter - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how to correctly measure electrical current and voltage in an engine circuit.

SC201 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Fuse - The technician can describe and explain the role of a fuse or fusible link when used as a protective device in an electrical or electronic circuit of the engine.

SC203 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Ohm's Law - The technician can describe and explain the use of Ohm's Law in verifying circuit parameters (resistance, voltage, amperage).

SC204 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Resistance - The technician can describe and explain the relationship of resistance to heat, voltage drop, and circuit parameters.

SC205 Describes/Explains Electricity - Measurement Voltage - The technician can describe and explain system voltage generation, uses, and characteristics.

SC211 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions - The technician can describe the ion transfer process that occurs in an automotive battery.


SC213 Describes/Explains Electrochemical Reactions Oxidation/Reduction - The technician can explain the effect of oxidation on electrical connections related to engine performance.

SC214 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism - The technician can explain the relationship between electrical current in a conductor and magnetic field when produced in a coil such as the starter solenoid.

SC215 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Coil - The technician can explain the ability of a coil to increase battery voltage to the level required to fire a sparkplug.

SC217 Describes/Explains Electromagnetism Magnetic Fields/Force - The technician can explain the effect of magnetic fields on unshielded circuits in engine control modules.

SC251 Describes/Explains Force Friction - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of friction and its effects on linear and rotational motion in the engine.

SC255 Describes/Explains Force Pressure - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the concept of pressure in relation to force.

SC259 Describes/Explains Fuels Fractional Distillation - The technician can explain the ignition characteristics of fuels resulting from varying levels of fractional distillation.

SC260 Describes/Explains Fuels Internal/External Combustion - The technician can describe how fuel characteristics effect combustion and therefore engine performance.

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- The technician can describe the effect of adding heat that will cause a change in state of matter, such as a solid to a liquid to a gas.

SC273 Describes/Explains Heat - The technician can describe the effect of heat on automotive systems.

SC274 Describes/Explains Heat Conduction/Convection - The technician is able to explain the concept of heat transfer in terms of conduction and/or convection in automotive systems.

SC277 Describes/Explains Heat Expansion/Contraction - The technician is able to describe drivability symptoms that result from the expansion and contraction of electrical/electronic connections as a result of heating and cooling that occurs during normal operation.


SC280 Describes/Explains Heat Insulation - The technician can explain the role of insulation in maintaining stable powertrain control module (PCM) temperatures.

SC281 Describes/Explains Heat Radiation - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the method of heat transfer, which involves infrared rays in engine performance.

SC282 Describes/Explains Heat Temperature Measuring Devices - The technician can describe the role of thermistors in controlling engine performance and how ECT and IAT sensors modify powertrain control module (PCM) outputs.

SC333 Describes/Explains Light Refraction - The technician can describe how contaminated coolant can refract light, providing a visual indicator of contamination.

SC338 Describes/Explains Matter Density/Specific Gravity - The technician can explain the need for a specific gravity test of battery electrolyte to determine charge.

SC349 Describes/Explains Motion Acceleration/Deceleration - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the process of a vehicle's acceleration and deceleration as a function of weight and available power.

SC350 Describes/Explains Motion Action/Reaction - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the reaction of fluid to the motion of a valve or piston within the engine.

SC351 Describes/Explains Motion Circular - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of circular motion in a vehicle's engine as it relates to such events as toe out on turns and tracking.

SC356 Describes/Explains Motion Vibrations/Waves - The technician is able to demonstrate an understanding of the cause and types of vibrations caused by out-of-balance or excessively worn systems.

SC396 Describes/Explains Sound - The technician can describe the role sound plays in the cause of drivability problems.

SC397 Describes/Explains Sound Amplification - The technician can explain to a customer how sound can be amplified due to resonant cavities and other physical characteristics of the vehicle's engine.

SC399 Describes/Explains Sound Carriers/Insulators - The technician can describe how sound generated one place in the engine can be carried to other parts of the engine through metal.


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- The technician can explain the relationship of engine torque to vehicle performance (horsepower).

SC404 Describes/Explains Sound Frequency-Hertz - The technician is able to explain the relationship of the frequency of the sound to normal system operation.

SC405 Describes/Explains Sound Hearing - The technician can describe the role of listening to sounds as part of the trouble-shooting process.

SC406 Describes/Explains Sound Noise/Acoustics - The technician is able to describe why a specific noise sounds different depending on the acoustics of the vehicle.




SC435 Describes/Explains Weather/Climate Barometric Pressure - The technician can describe the relationship of barometric pressure/density to engine performance.

SC443 Describes/Explains Weather/Climate Relative Humidity - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of and discuss relative humidity in terms of effect on engine performance.


SC447 Describes/Explains Work Levers - The technician can explain how levers can be used to increase an applied force or distance.

SC448 Describes/Explains Work Pulleys - The technician can explain how pulleys can be used to increase an applied force over distance.

SC449 Identifies Acids/Bases - The technician can identify the effects of the pH of a solution on various engine systems.

SC467 Identifies Definitions Operational - The technician is able to identify and define terms specifically related to engine performance control systems, diagnosis, service, and repair.

SC489 Measures Distance/Length - The technician uses precision measuring devices to determine if wear and adjustments are within manufacturer's specifications, and to assure that repair or replacement parts meet manufacturer's specifications.

SC492 Measures Force - The technician uses a torque wrench to measure the force required to tighten connections according to manufacturer's specifications.

SC494 Measures Pressure - The technician uses pressure measuring tools to determine pressures in hydraulic or pneumatic systems and compares them to manufacturer's specifications.

SC495 Measures Temperature Fahrenheit/Centigrade - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure system temperatures and then converts to Fahrenheit or Centigrade as required.

SC496 Measures Time - The technician uses direct and indirect methods to measure time and compares the results to manufacturer's specifications.

SC499 Uses Computers Information Processing - The technician uses computer databases for information retrieval and for input devices to process information for customers, billing purposes, warranty work, and other record keeping purposes.

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SC501 Uses Computers Problem Solving - The technician uses computers and appropriate peripheral input devices to identify engine parameters that are out of manufacturer's specifications.

SC502 Measures Parameters Electrical - The technician uses precision electrical test equipment to measure current, voltage, resistance, continuity, and/or power.

SC503 Describes/Explains Fluid System Hydraulics - The technician can explain how an applied force at one location can be transmitted via fluid pressure to provide a force at a remote location in the vehicle.

SC504 Describes/Explains Fluid System Pneumatics - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of the physical properties in pneumatic systems as related to engine performance.

SC505 Describes/Explains Atoms Ions - The technician can explain catalytic converter principles which modify emission gases at the atomic level to provide a low level of HC, CO, and NOx in the final exhaust.

SC506 Describes/Explains Motion Friction - The technician can explain the role that friction plays in the acceleration and deceleration of objects as well as the need for lubrication of adjacent parts in order to minimize friction in the engine.

SC507 Describes/Explains Motion Lubrication - The technician can discuss the role of lubrication in relation to the concept of friction in the engine.

SC508 Describes/Explains Matter Metallurgy - The technician can explain the criticality of metals with different hardness, depending on the function and location of the metal.

SC509 Describes/Explains Electricity Capacitance - The technician can describe the role of capacitance in timer circuits, such as RC timers or a MAP sensor wherein the changing manifold pressure causes two metal discs to act like a capacitor, sending a varying voltage to the electronic engine control system.



SC512 Describes/Explains Chemical Reactions Contamination - The technician can demonstrate an understanding of how a contaminated liquid causes a chemical reaction thereby causing deterioration of engine performance and life.

SC514 Describes/Explains Electricity Semiconductor Devices - The technician can describe the capacity of semiconductor devices in the PCM to rapidly modify engine and powertrain operational parameters depending on multiple inputs from engine and powertrain sensors.

SC516 Describes/Explains Motion Rotational - The technician can explain how rotational motion can be changed to linear motion and why balance is important in rotating systems.

SC517 Describes/Explains Electricity-Generating Generators - The technician can explain how the use of rotating electrical fields can generate electricity.

SC518 Describes/Explains Electricity Mechanical Transducers - The technician can describe the role mechanical transducers play in sending an electrical control

signal to modify the system's operating characteristics. SC519 Describes/Explains Electricity Photocells

- The technician can describe the purpose of photocells and measurement processes that can be used to determine output.

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SC520 Describes/Explains Flow Rate - The technician can describe how variances in flow rate in a cooling system can affect engine performance.


SC531 Describes/Explains Viscosity - The technician can explain fluid viscosity as a measurement and its relationship to a fluid in the engine.

TASK LIST AND ASSUMPTIONS The NATEF task list was reviewed and updated in January 2002. A national committee was assembled in Torrance, California to review the standards used in the automobile certification program. The committee consisted of individuals representing the major automobile manufacturers, automobile repair shop owners and technicians, automobile instructors and trainers, and automobile equipment and parts suppliers. The committee reviewed the standards, task list, tools and equipment list, program hours, and instructor qualifications. The committee also had the most current National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) automobile task lists for reference purposes. All the tasks are assigned a priority number: P-1, P-2, or P-3. Please refer to the Task List Information in the Policies section of the certification manual for additional information on the requirements for instruction on tasks. NOTE: For programs certifying under the General Service Technician Program, there is a separate task list. Please refer to the General Service Technician Program section of the certification manual. Theory instruction and hands-on performance of all the basic tasks will provide initial training for employment in the automotive service field or further training in any or all of the specialty areas. Competency in the tasks will indicate to employers that the graduate is skilled in that area. 1. It is assumed that:

* in all areas, appropriate theory, safety, and support instruction will be required for performing each task;

* the instruction has included identification and use of appropriate tools and testing and measurement equipment required to accomplish certain tasks;

* the student has received the necessary training to locate and use current reference and training materials from accepted industry publications and resources.

* in all areas, the student has demonstrated the ability to write work orders and warranty reports, to include information regarding problem resolution and the results of the work performed for the customer and manufacturer. The writing process will incorporate the “Three C’s” (concern, cause and correction) as a format to communicate this information.

2. It is assumed that:

* all diagnostic and repair tasks described in this document are to be accomplished in accordance with manufacturer's recommended procedures as published.

3. It is assumed that:

* individual training programs being evaluated for certification should have written and detailed performance standards for each task covered and taught in the curriculum;

* learning progress of students will be monitored and evaluated against these performance standards;

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* a system is in place that informs all students of their individual progress through all phases of the training program.

4. It is assumed that: * individual courses of study will differ across automobile technician training programs; * development of appropriate learning delivery systems and tests which monitor student

progress will be the responsibility of the individual training program. 5. It is assumed that:

* all students will receive instruction in the storage, handling, and use of Hazardous

Materials as required in Hazard Communication Title 29, Code of Federal Regulation Part 1910.1200, ‘Right to Know Law’, and state and local requirements;

* hazardous and toxic materials will be handled, removed and recycled or disposed of according to federal, state, and local regulations.

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DEFINITIONS – EDUCATIONAL TERMS

CURRICULUM: All the objectives of the lesson plan with respect to the content and learning activities, arranged in a sequence for a particular instructional area. An orderly arrangement of integrated subjects, activities, time allocations, and experiences which students pursue for the attainment of a specific educational goal. COMPETENCY: (Hands On)- Performance of task to the level or degree specified in the performance standard and curriculum for the task. COMPETENCY: (Written)- Understanding of task to the level or degree specified in the performance standard and curriculum for the task CRITERION REFERENCED MEASURE(S): An exercise based on a performance objective for a task, and designed to measure attainment of that objective. ( Also called performance test(s) or criterion-referenced test.) GOAL: A statement of the intended outcome of participation in the training program. LIVE WORK: The processing, assignment and student performance of the appropriate diagnosis, repair, rebuild or replacement tasks on vehicles donated by manufacturers or other sources, customer-owned, and other training vehicles. MASTERY: (See Competency-Hands On and Competency-Written). OBJECTIVE, PERFORMANCE: A written statement describing an intended outcome (competent task performance) in terms of student performance. ( Also called “behavioral” objective or instructional objective) R.F. Mager Associates, 13245 Rhoda Drive, Los Altos Hill, California. PERSONAL CHARACTERISTIC: Attributes that are not readily measurable, and are generally in the affective domain. AREA(S): Relates to one or more of the following: (1) Automatic Transmission/ Transaxle, (2) Brakes, (3) Electrical/Electronic Systems, (4) Engine Performance (including emission control systems), (5) Engine Repair, (6) Heating and Air Conditioning, (7) Manual Drive Train and Axles, (8) Suspension and Steering, (9) LPG Diagnosis and Repair, (10) LPG Maintenance, (11) LPG Conversion/Installation, (12) CNG Diagnosis and Repair, (13) CNG Maintenance, and (14) CNG Conversion/ Installation. STANDARD: “…Something established for use as a rule or basis of comparison in measuring or judging capacity, quantity, content, extent, value, quality, etc.” Webster’s New World Dictionary (1991)

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STANDARD- (PERFORMANCE): A written specification of the results of acceptable task performance. STANDARD- (PERSONAL): An attribute or characteristic of an individual that facilitates entry into, or advancement within an occupation. STANDARD0 (PROGRAM): A specific quality or desired characteristic of a training program designed to prepare individuals for employment or advancement. TASK: A unit of work activity which has an identifiable beginning and ending point in its accomplishment, and consists of one or more measurable steps. TRAINING STATION: An area with appropriate tools and equipment, large enough to allow the development of both safety and competency in task performance. ************************************************************************* Must or shall is an imperative need, duty or requirement; an essential or indispensable item; mandatory. Should is used to express a recommendation, not mandatory but attainment would increase program quality. May or could expresses freedom to follow a suggested alternative

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DEFINITIONS – TECHNICAL TERMS

ADJUST - To bring components to specified operational settings. ALIGN - To bring to precise alignment or relative position of components. ANALYZE - To examine the relationship of components of an operation. ASSEMBLE (REASSEMBLE) - To fit together the components of a device. BALANCE - To establish correct linear, rotational or weight relationship. BLEED - To remove air from a closed system. CHARGE - To bring to "full" state, e.g., battery or air conditioning system. CHECK - To verify condition by performing an operational or comparative examination. CLEAN - To rid component of extraneous matter for the purpose of reconditioning, repairing,

measuring or reassembling. CONCENTRICITY - A comparison of the center point between circular measurements in relation to each other. DEGLAZE – To remove a smooth, glossy surface. DETERMINE - To establish the procedure to be used to affect the necessary repair. DETERMINE NECESSARY ACTION – Indicates that the diagnostic routine(s) is the primary

emphasis of a task. The student is required to perform the diagnostic steps and communicate the diagnostic outcomes and corrective actions required addressing the concern or problem. The training program determines the communication method (worksheet, test, verbal communication, or other means deemed appropriate) and whether the corrective procedures for these tasks are actually performed.

DIAGNOSE - To locate the root cause or nature of a problem by using the specified procedure. DISASSEMBLE - To separate a component's parts as a preparation for cleaning, inspection or

service. DISCHARGE - To empty a storage device or system. EVACUATE - To remove air, fluid or vapor from a closed system by use of a vacuum pump.

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FLUSH - To use a fluid to clean an internal system. HONE - To restore or resize a bore by using rotating cutting stones. JUMP START - To use an auxiliary power supply, e.g., battery, battery charger, etc. to assist a

battery to crank an engine. LOCATE – Determine or establish a specific spot or area. MEASURE - To compare existing dimensions to specified dimensions by the use of calibrated

instruments and gauges. ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) - A diagnostic system contained in the Powertrain Control Module (PCM), which monitors computer inputs and outputs for failures. OBD II is an industry-standard, second generation OBD system that monitors emissions control systems for degradation as well as failures. PARASITIC DRAW - Electrical loads which are still present when the circuit is turned OFF. PERFORM - To accomplish a procedure in accordance with established methods and standards. PERFORM NECESSARY ACTION – Indicates that the student is to perform the diagnostic

routine(s) and perform the corrective action item. Where various scenarios (conditions or situations) are presented in a single task, at least one of the scenarios must be accomplished.

PRIORITY RATINGS – Indicates the minimum percentage of tasks, by area, a program must include in its curriculum in order to be certified in that area. PURGE - To eliminate an undesired air or fluid from a closed system. REMOVE - To disconnect and separate a component from a system. REPAIR - To restore a malfunctioning component or system to operating condition. REPLACE - To exchange a component with a new or rebuilt component; to reinstall a

component. RESURFACE – To restore correct finish. SERVICE - To perform a specified procedure when called for in the owner's or service manual. TEST - To verify condition through the use of meters, gauges or instruments. TORQUE - To tighten a fastener to specified degree or tightness (in a given order or pattern if multiple fasteners are involved on a single component).

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VERIFY - To establish that a problem exists after hearing the customer's complaint and

performing a preliminary diagnosis. VOLTAGE DROP - A reduction in voltage (electrical pressure) caused by the resistance in a

component or circuit.

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NATEF TASK LIST

ENGINE REPAIR For every task in Engine Repair, the following safety requirement must be strictly enforced: Comply with personal and environmental safety practices associated with clothing; eye protection; hand tools; power equipment; proper ventilation; and the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals/materials in accordance with local, state, and federal safety and environmental regulations. I. ENGINE REPAIR A. General Engine Diagnosis; Removal and Reinstallation (R & R) 1. Identify and interpret engine concern; determine necessary action. P-1

P-1 2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, such as internal engine operation, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.

3. Locate and interpret vehicle and major component identification numbers

(VIN, vehicle certification labels, and calibration decals). P-1

4. Inspect engine assembly for fuel, oil, coolant, and other leaks; determine

necessary action. P-1

5. Diagnose engine noises and vibrations; determine necessary action. P-2 6. Diagnose the cause of excessive oil consumption, unusual engine exhaust

color, odor, and sound; determine necessary action. P-2

7. Perform engine vacuum tests; determine necessary action. P-1 8. Perform cylinder power balance tests; determine necessary action. P-1 9. Perform cylinder compression tests; determine necessary action. P-1 10. Perform cylinder leakage tests; determine necessary action. P-1

P-1 11. Remove and reinstall engine in a late model front-wheel drive vehicle (OBDI or newer); reconnect all attaching components and restore the vehicle to running condition.

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P-3 12. Remove and reinstall engine in a late model rear-wheel drive vehicle (OBDI or newer); reconnect all attaching components and restore the vehicle to running condition.

B. Cylinder Head and Valve Train Diagnosis and Repair

P-2 1. Remove cylinder head(s); visually inspect cylinder head(s) for cracks; check gasket surface areas for warpage and leakage; check passage condition.

2. Install cylinder heads and gaskets; tighten according to manufacturer’s

specifications and procedures. P-1

3. Inspect valve springs for squareness and free height comparison; determine


4. Replace valve stem seals on an assembled engine; inspect valve spring

retainers, locks, and valve grooves; determine necessary action. P-2

P-3 5. Inspect valve guides for wear; check valve stem-to-guide clearance;

determine necessary action. 6. Inspect valves and valve seats; determine necessary action. P-3 7. Check valve face-to-seat contact and valve seat concentricity (runout);

determine necessary action. P-3

8. Check valve spring assembled height and valve stem height; determine


P-2 9. Inspect pushrods, rocker arms, rocker arm pivots and shafts for wear,

bending, cracks, looseness, and blocked oil passages (orifices); determine necessary action.

10. Inspect hydraulic or mechanical lifters; determine necessary action. P-2 11. Adjust valves (mechanical or hydraulic lifters). P-1

P-2 12. Inspect camshaft drives (including gear wear and backlash, sprocket and chain wear); determine necessary action.

13. Inspect and replace timing belts (chains), overhead camdrive sprockets, and

tensioners; check belt/chain tension; adjust as necessary. P-1

14. Inspect camshaft for runout, journal wear and lobe wear. P-2

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15. Inspect camshaft bearing surface for wear, damage, out-of-round, and

alignment; determine necessary action. P-3

16. Establish camshaft(s) timing and cam sensor indexing according to

manufacturer’s specifications and procedures. P-1

I. ENGINE REPAIR C. Engine Block Assembly Diagnosis and Repair 1. Disassemble engine block; clean and prepare components for inspection

and reassembly. P-2

P-2 2. Inspect engine block for visible cracks, passage condition, core and gallery

plug condition, and surface warpage; determine necessary action. 3. Inspect internal and external threads; restore as needed (includes installing

thread inserts). P-2

4. Inspect and measure cylinder walls for damage, wear, and ridges;


5. Deglaze and clean cylinder walls. P-2 6. Inspect and measure camshaft bearings for wear, damage, out-of-round,

and alignment; determine necessary action. P-3

P-2 7. Inspect crankshaft for end play, straightness, journal damage, keyway

damage, thrust flange and sealing surface condition, and visual surface cracks; check oil passage condition; measure journal wear; check crankshaft sensor reluctor ring (where applicable); determine necessary action.

P-2 8. Inspect and measure main and connecting rod bearings for damage,

clearance, and end play; determine necessary action (includes the proper selection of bearings).

P-3 9. Identify piston and bearing wear patterns that indicate connecting rod

alignment and main bearing bore problems; inspect rod alignment and bearing bore condition.

10. Inspect and measure pistons; determine necessary action. P-2 11. Remove and replace piston pin. P-3

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12. Inspect, measure, and install piston rings. P-1

P-2 13. Inspect auxiliary (balance, intermediate, idler, counterbalance or silencer) shaft(s); inspect shaft(s) and support bearings for damage and wear; determine necessary action; reinstall and time.

14. Inspect or replace crankshaft vibration damper (harmonic balancer). P-3

P-2 15. Assemble the engine using gaskets, seals, and formed-in-place (tube-applied) sealants, thread sealers, etc. according to manufacturer’s specifications.

I. ENGINE REPAIR D. Lubrication and Cooling Systems Diagnosis and Repair 1. Perform oil pressure tests; determine necessary action. P-1 2. Inspect oil pump gears or rotors, housing, pressure relief devices, and

pump drive; perform necessary action. P-2

3. Perform cooling system, cap, and recovery system tests (pressure,

combustion leakage, and temperature); determine necessary action. P-1

4. Inspect, replace, and adjust drive belts, tensioners, and pulleys; check

pulley and belt alignment. P-1

5. Inspect and replace engine cooling and heater system hoses. P-1 6. Inspect, test, and replace thermostat and housing. P-2 7. Test coolant; drain and recover coolant; flush and refill cooling system

with recommended coolant; bleed air as required. P-1

8. Inspect, test, remove, and replace water pump. P-1 9. Remove and replace radiator. P-2 10. Inspect, and test fans(s) (electrical or mechanical), fan clutch, fan shroud,

and air dams. P-2

11. Inspect auxiliary oil coolers; determine necessary action. P-3 12. Inspect, test, and replace oil temperature and pressure switches and sensors. P-2 13. Perform oil and filter change. P-2

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12

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION AND TRANSAXLE

For every task in Automatic Transmission and Transaxle, the following safety requirement must be strictly enforced: Comply with personal and environmental safety practices associated with clothing; eye protection; hand tools; power equipment; proper ventilation; and the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals/materials in accordance with local, state, and federal safety and environmental regulations. II. AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION AND TRANSAXLE A. General Transmission and Transaxle Diagnosis

1. Identify and interpret transmission/transaxle concern; assure proper engine

operation; determine necessary action. P-1

2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, such as

transmission/transaxle system operation, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.

P-1



4. Diagnose fluid usage, level, and condition concerns; determine necessary

action. P-1

5. Perform pressure tests; determine necessary action. P-1 6. Perform stall test; determine necessary action. P-2 7. Perform lock-up converter system tests; determine necessary action. P-1 8. Diagnose electronic, mechanical, hydraulic, vacuum control system

concerns; determine necessary action. P-1

9. Diagnose noise and vibration concerns; determine necessary action. P-2 10. Diagnose transmission/transaxle gear reduction/multiplication concerns

using driving, driven, and held member (power flow) principles. P-1

B. Transmission and Transaxle Maintenance and Adjustment 1. Inspect, adjust or replace throttle valve (TV) linkages or cables; manual

shift linkages or cables; transmission range sensor; check gear select indicator (as applicable).

P-1

2. Service transmission; perform visual inspection; replace fluids and filters. P-1

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II. AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION AND TRANSAXLE C. In-Vehicle Transmission and Transaxle Repair 1. Inspect, adjust or replace (as applicable) vacuum modulator; inspect and

repair or replace lines and hoses. P-3

2. Inspect, repair, and replace governor assembly. P-3 3. Inspect and replace external seals and gaskets. P-2 4. Inspect extension housing, bushings and seals; perform necessary action. P-3 5. Inspect, leak test, flush, and replace cooler, lines, and fittings. P-2 6. Inspect and replace speedometer drive gear, driven gear, vehicle speed

sensor (VSS), and retainers. P-2

7. Diagnose electronic transmission control systems using a scan tool;


8. Inspect, replace, and align powertrain mounts. P-2 II. AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION AND TRANSAXLE D. Off-Vehicle Transmission and Transaxle Repair 1. Removal, Disassembly, and Reinstallation 1. Remove and reinstall transmission and torque converter (rear-wheel drive). P-2 2. Remove and reinstall transaxle and torque converter assembly. P-1 3. Disassemble, clean, and inspect transmission/transaxle. P-1 4. Inspect, measure, clean, and replace valve body (includes surfaces and

bores, springs, valves, sleeves, retainers, brackets, check-balls, screens, spacers, and gaskets).

P-2

5. Inspect servo bore, piston, seals, pin, spring, and retainers; determine


6. Inspect accumulator bore, piston, seals, spring, and retainer; determine


7. Assemble transmission/transaxle. P-1

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2. Oil Pump and Converter 1. Inspect converter flex plate, attaching parts, pilot, pump drive, and seal

areas. P-2

2. Measure torque converter endplay and check for interference; check stator

clutch. P-2

3. Inspect, measure, and reseal oil pump assembly and components. P-1 3. Gear Train, Shafts, Bushings and Case 1. Measure endplay or preload; determine necessary action. P-1 2. Inspect, measure, and replace thrust washers and bearings. P-2 3. Inspect oil delivery seal rings, ring grooves, and sealing surface areas. P-2 4. Inspect bushings; determine necessary action. P-2 5. Inspect and measure planetary gear assembly (includes sun, ring gear,

thrust washers, planetary gears, and carrier assembly); determine necessary action.

P-2

6. Inspect case bores, passages, bushings, vents, and mating surfaces;


7. Inspect transaxle drive, link chains, sprockets, gears, bearings, and

bushings; perform necessary action. P-2

8. Inspect, measure, repair, adjust or replace transaxle final drive components. P-2 9. Inspect and reinstall parking pawl, shaft, spring, and retainer; determine


4. Friction and Reaction Units 1. Inspect clutch drum, piston, check-balls, springs, retainers, seals, and

friction and pressure plates; determine necessary action. P-2

2. Measure clutch pack clearance; determine necessary action. P-1 3. Air test operation of clutch and servo assemblies. P-1 4. Inspect roller and sprag clutch, races, rollers, sprags, springs, cages, and

retainers; replace as needed. P-1

5. Inspect bands and drums; determine necessary action. P-2

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MANUAL DRIVE TRAIN AND AXLES

For every task in Manual Drive Train and Axles, the following safety requirement must be strictly enforced: Comply with personal and environmental safety practices associated with clothing; eye protection; hand tools; power equipment; proper ventilation; and the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals/materials in accordance with local, state, and federal safety and environmental regulations. III. MANUAL DRIVE TRAIN AND AXLES A. General Drive Train Diagnosis 1. Identify and interpret drive train concern; determine necessary action. P-1 2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, such as drive train

system operation, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.

P-1


(VIN, vehicle certification labels, calibration decals). P-1

4. Diagnose fluid usage, level, and condition concerns; determine necessary

action. P-1

5. Drain and fill manual transmission/transaxle and final drive unit. P-2 B. Clutch Diagnosis and Repair 1. Diagnose clutch noise, binding, slippage, pulsation, and chatter; determine


2. Inspect clutch pedal linkage, cables, automatic adjuster mechanisms,

brackets, bushings, pivots, and springs; perform necessary action. P-1

3. Inspect hydraulic clutch slave and master cylinders, lines, and hoses;


4. Inspect release (throw-out) bearing, lever, and pivot; determine necessary

action. P-1

5. Inspect and replace clutch pressure plate assembly and clutch disc. P-1 6. Bleed clutch hydraulic system. P-1 7. Inspect, remove or replace pilot bearing or bushing (as applicable). P-1

16

8. Inspect flywheel and ring gear for wear and cracks, determine necessary

action. P-1

9. Inspect engine block, clutch (bell) housing, transmission/transaxle case

mating surfaces, and alignment dowels; determine necessary action. P-3

10. Measure flywheel runout and crankshaft endplay; determine necessary

action. P-3

III. MANUAL DRIVE TRAIN AND AXLES C. Transmission/Transaxle Diagnosis and Repair 1. Remove and reinstall transmission/transaxle. P-1 2. Disassemble, clean, and reassemble transmission/transaxle components. P-2 3. Inspect transmission/transaxle case, extension housing, case mating

surfaces, bores, bushings, and vents; perform necessary action. P-3

4. Diagnose noise, hard shifting, jumping out of gear, and fluid leakage

concerns; determine necessary action. P-2

5. Inspect, adjust, and reinstall shift linkages, brackets, bushings, cables,

pivots, and levers. P-2

6. Inspect and reinstall powertrain mounts. P-3 7. Inspect and replace gaskets, seals, and sealants; inspect sealing surfaces. P-2 8. Remove and replace transaxle final drive. P-3 9. Inspect, adjust, and reinstall shift cover, forks, levers, grommets, shafts,

sleeves, detent mechanism, interlocks, and springs. P-2

10. Measure endplay or preload (shim or spacer selection procedure) on

transmission/transaxle shafts; perform necessary action. P-1

11. Inspect and reinstall synchronizer hub, sleeve, keys (inserts), springs, and

blocking rings. P-2

12. Inspect and reinstall speedometer drive gear, driven gear, vehicle speed

sensor (VSS), and retainers. P-2

13. Diagnose transaxle final drive assembly noise and vibration concerns;


17

14. Remove, inspect, measure, adjust, and reinstall transaxle final drive pinion

gears (spiders), shaft, side gears, side bearings, thrust washers, and case assembly.

P-2

15. Inspect lubrication devices (oil pump or slingers); perform necessary

action. P-3

16. Inspect, test, and replace transmission/transaxle sensors and switches. P-1 III. MANUAL DRIVE TRAIN AND AXLES

D. Drive Shaft and Half Shaft, Universal and Constant-Velocity (CV) Joint Diagnosis and Repair

1. Diagnose constant-velocity (CV) joint noise and vibration concerns;


2. Diagnose universal joint noise and vibration concerns; perform necessary

action. P-1

3. Replace front wheel drive (FWD) front wheel bearing. P-2 4. Inspect, service, and replace shafts, yokes, boots, and CV joints. P-1 5. Inspect, service, and replace shaft center support bearings. P-3 6. Check shaft balance; measure shaft runout; measure and adjust driveline

angles. P-2

III. MANUAL DRIVE TRAIN AND AXLES E. Drive Axle Diagnosis and Repair 1. Ring and Pinion Gears and Differential Case Assembly 1. Diagnose noise and vibration concerns; determine necessary action. P-2 2. Diagnose fluid leakage concerns; determine necessary action. P-2 3. Inspect and replace companion flange and pinion seal; measure companion

flange runout. P-2

4. Inspect ring gear and measure runout; determine necessary action. P-2 5. Remove, inspect, and reinstall drive pinion and ring gear, spacers, sleeves,

and bearings. P-2

6. Measure and adjust drive pinion depth. P-2

18

1. Diagnose noise, slippage, and chatter concerns; determine necessary action.

2. Inspect and flush differential housing; refill with correct lubricant.

3. Inspect and reinstall clutch (cone or plate) components.

4. Measure rotating torque; determine necessary action.

2. Inspect, adjust, and repair shifting controls (mechanical, electrical, and vacuum), bushings, mounts, levers, and brackets.

7. Measure and adjust drive pinion bearing preload. P-1 8. Measure and adjust side bearing preload and ring and pinion gear total

backlash and backlash variation on a differential carrier assembly (threaded cup or shim types).

P-2

9. Check ring and pinion tooth contact patterns; perform necessary action. P-1 10. Disassemble, inspect, measure, and adjust or replace differential pinion

gears (spiders), shaft, side gears, side bearings, thrust washers, and case. P-2

11. Reassemble and reinstall differential case assembly; measure runout;

determine necessary action.

P-2

2. Limited Slip Differential

P-3

P-2

P-3

P-3 3. Drive Axle Shaft 1. Diagnose drive axle shafts, bearings, and seals for noise, vibration, and

fluid leakage concerns; determine necessary action. P-2

2. Inspect and replace drive axle shaft wheel studs. P-3 3. Remove and replace drive axle shafts. P-1

4. Inspect and replace drive axle shaft seals, bearings, and retainers. P-2 5. Measure drive axle flange runout and shaft endplay; determine necessary

action. P-2

III. MANUAL DRIVE TRAIN AND AXLES F. Four-wheel Drive/All-wheel Drive Component Diagnosis and

Repair

1. Diagnose noise, vibration, and unusual steering concerns; determine


P-3

19

P-1

1. Disable and enable supplemental restraint system (SRS).

3. Remove and reinstall transfer case. P-3 4. Disassemble, service, and reassemble transfer case and components. P-3 5. Inspect front-wheel bearings and locking hubs; perform necessary action. P-3 6. Check drive assembly seals and vents; check lube level. P-3 7. Diagnose test, adjust, and replace electrical/electronic components of four-

wheel drive systems. P-3

SUSPENSION AND STEERING For every task in Suspension and Steering, the following safety requirement must be strictly enforced: Comply with personal and environmental safety practices associated with clothing; eye protection; hand tools; power equipment; proper ventilation; and the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals/materials in accordance with local, state, and federal safety and environmental regulations. IV. SUSPENSION AND STEERING

A. General Suspension and Steering Systems Diagnosis 1. Identify and interpret suspension and steering concern; determine


2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, such as suspension

and steering system operation, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.

P-1


(VIN, vehicle certification labels, calibration decals). B. Steering Systems Diagnosis and Repair

P-1 2. Remove and replace steering wheel; center/time supplemental restraint

system (SRS) coil (clock spring). P-1

3. Diagnose steering column noises, looseness, and binding concerns

(including tilt mechanisms); determine necessary action. P-2

20

5. Diagnose power steering gear (rack and pinion) binding, uneven turning effort, looseness, hard steering, and fluid leakage concerns; determine necessary action.

P-3

16. Inspect and replace power steering hoses and fittings.

4. Diagnose power steering gear (non-rack and pinion) binding, uneven

turning effort, looseness, hard steering, and fluid leakage concerns; determine necessary action.

P-3

P-3

6. Inspect steering shaft universal-joint(s), flexible coupling(s), collapsible

column, lock cylinder mechanism, and steering wheel; perform necessary action.

P-2

7. Adjust manual or power non-rack and pinion worm bearing preload and

sector lash. P-3

8. Remove and replace manual or power rack and pinion steering gear;

inspect mounting bushings and brackets. P-1

9. Inspect and replace manual or power rack and pinion steering gear inner tie

rod ends (sockets) and bellows boots. P-1

10. Inspect power steering fluid levels and condition. P-1

11. Flush, fill, and bleed power steering system. P-2 12. Diagnose power steering fluid leakage; determine necessary action. P-2 13. Remove, inspect, replace, and adjust power steering pump belt. P-1 14. Remove and reinstall power steering pump. 15. Remove and reinstall power steering pump pulley; check pulley and belt

alignment. P-3

P-2

17. Inspect and replace pitman arm, relay (centerlink/intermediate) rod, idler

arm and mountings, and steering linkage damper. P-2

18. Inspect, replace, and adjust tie rod ends (sockets), tie rod sleeves, and

clamps. P-1

19. Test and diagnose components of electronically controlled steering systems

using a scan tool; determine necessary action. P-3

21

IV.SUSPENSION AND STEERING

1. Front Suspension 1. Diagnose short and long arm suspension system noises, body sway, and

uneven riding height concerns; determine necessary action. P-1

C. Suspension Systems Diagnosis and Repair

2. Diagnose strut suspension system noises, body sway, and uneven riding

height concerns; determine necessary action. P-1

3. Remove, inspect, and install upper and lower control arms, bushings,

shafts, and rebound bumpers. P-3

4. Remove, inspect and install strut rods (compression/tension) and bushings. P-2 5. Remove, inspect, and install upper and/or lower ball joints. P-2 6. Remove, inspect, and install steering knuckle assemblies. P-2 7. Remove, inspect, and install short and long arm suspension system coil

springs and spring insulators. P-2

8. Remove, inspect, install, and adjust suspension system torsion bars; inspect

mounts. P-3

9. Remove, inspect, and install stabilizer bar bushings, brackets, and links. P-2 10. Remove, inspect, and install strut cartridge or assembly, strut coil spring,

insulators (silencers), and upper strut bearing mount. P-1

11. Lubricate suspension and steering systems. P-2 2. Rear Suspension 1. Remove, inspect, and install coil springs and spring insulators. P-2 2. Remove, inspect, and install transverse links, control arms, bushings, and

mounts. P-2

3. Remove, inspect, and install leaf springs, leaf spring insulators (silencers),

shackles, brackets, bushings, and mounts. P-3

4. Remove, inspect, and install strut cartridge or assembly, strut coil spring,

and insulators (silencers). P-2

22

3. Miscellaneous Service 1. Inspect, remove, and replace shock absorbers. P-1 2. Remove, inspect, and service or replace front and rear wheel bearings. P-1 3. Test and diagnose components of electronically controlled suspension

systems using a scan tool; determine necessary action. P-3

IV. SUSPENSION AND STEERING D. Wheel Alignment Diagnosis, Adjustment, and Repair 1. Differentiate between steering and suspension concerns using principles of

steering geometry (caster, camber, toe, etc). P-1

2. Diagnose vehicle wander, drift, pull, hard steering, bump steer, memory

steer, torque steer, and steering return concerns; determine necessary action.

P-1

3. Perform prealignment inspection; perform necessary action. P-1 4. Measure vehicle riding height; determine necessary action. P-1 5. Check and adjust front and rear wheel camber; perform necessary action. P-1 6. Check and adjust caster; perform necessary action. P-1 7. Check and adjust front wheel toe; adjust as needed. P-1 8. Center steering wheel. P-1 9. Check toe-out-on-turns (turning radius); determine necessary action. P-2 10. Check SAI (steering axis inclination) and included angle; determine


11. Check and adjust rear wheel toe. P-2 12. Check rear wheel thrust angle; determine necessary action. P-2 13. Check for front wheel setback; determine necessary action.

P-2

14. Check front cradle (subframe) alignment; determine necessary action. P-3

23

Comply with personal and environmental safety practices associated with clothing; eye protection; hand tools; power equipment; proper ventilation; and the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals/materials in accordance with local, state, and federal safety and environmental regulations.

IV. SUSPENSION AND STEERING

E Wheel and Tire Diagnosis and Repair 1. Diagnose tire wear patterns; determine necessary action. P-1 2. Inspect tires; check and adjust air pressure. P-1 3. Diagnose wheel/tire vibration, shimmy, and noise; determine necessary

action. P-2

4. Rotate tires according to manufacturer’s recommendations. P-1 5. Measure wheel, tire, axle, and hub runout; determine necessary action. P-2 6. Diagnose tire pull (lead) problem; determine necessary action. P-2 7. Balance wheel and tire assembly (static and dynamic). P-1 8. Dismount, inspect, repair, and remount tire on wheel. P-2 9. Reinstall wheel; torque lug nuts. P-1 10. Inspect and repair tire. P-2

BRAKES For every task in Brakes, the following safety requirement must be strictly enforced:

V. BRAKES

A. General Brake Systems Diagnosis 1. Identify and interpret brake system concern; determine necessary action. P-1

2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, such as brake system operation, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.

P-1



24

P-1

10. Inspect, test, and adjust height (load) sensing proportioning valve.

B. Hydraulic System Diagnosis and Repair

1. Diagnose pressure concerns in the brake system using hydraulic principles

(Pascal’s Law). P-1

2. Measure brake pedal height; determine necessary action. P-2 3. Check master cylinder for internal and external leaks and proper operation;


4. Remove, bench bleed, and reinstall master cylinder. P-1 5. Diagnose poor stopping, pulling or dragging concerns caused by

malfunctions in the hydraulic system; determine necessary action. P-1

6. Inspect brake lines, flexible hoses, and fittings for leaks, dents, kinks, rust,

cracks, bulging or wear; tighten loose fittings and supports; determine necessary action.

P-2

7. Fabricate and/or install brake lines (double flare and ISO types); replace

hoses, fittings, and supports as needed. P-2

8. Select, handle, store, and fill brake fluids to proper level. 9. Inspect, test, and/or replace metering (hold-off), proportioning (balance),

pressure differential, and combination valves. P-2

P-3

11. Inspect, test, and/or replace components of brake warning light system. P-3 12. Bleed (manual, pressure, vacuum or surge) brake system. P-1 13. Flush hydraulic system. P-3 V. BRAKES C. Drum Brake Diagnosis and Repair 1. Diagnose poor stopping, noise, pulling, grabbing, dragging or pedal

pulsation concerns; determine necessary action.

P-1

2. Remove, clean (using proper safety procedures), inspect, and measure

brake drums; determine necessary action. P-1

3. Refinish brake drum. P-1

25

4. Remove, clean, and inspect brake shoes, springs, pins, clips, levers,

adjusters/self-adjusters, other related brake hardware, and backing support plates; lubricate and reassemble.

P-1

5. Remove, inspect, and install wheel cylinders. P-2 6. Pre-adjust brake shoes and parking brake before installing brake drums or

drum/hub assemblies and wheel bearings. P-1

7. Install wheel, torque lug nuts, and make final checks and adjustments. P-1 V. BRAKES D. Disc Brake Diagnosis and Repair 1. Diagnose poor stopping, noise, pulling, grabbing, dragging or pedal

pulsation concerns; determine necessary action. P-1

2. Remove caliper assembly from mountings; clean and inspect for leaks and

damage to caliper housing; determine necessary action. P-1

3. Clean and inspect caliper mounting and slides for wear and damage;


4. Remove, clean, and inspect pads and retaining hardware; determine


5. Disassemble and clean caliper assembly; inspect parts for wear, rust,

scoring, and damage; replace seal, boot, and damaged or worn parts. P-2

6. Reassemble, lubricate, and reinstall caliper, pads, and related hardware;

seat pads, and inspect for leaks. P-1

7. Clean, inspect, and measure rotor with a dial indicator and a micrometer; follow manufacturer’s recommendations in determining need to machine or replace.

P-1

8. Remove and reinstall rotor. P-1 9. Refinish rotor according to manufacturer’s recommendations. P-1 10. Adjust calipers equipped with an integrated parking brake system. P-3 11. Install wheel, torque lug nuts, and make final checks and adjustments. P-1

26

P-2

3. Inspect the vacuum-type power booster unit for vacuum leaks; inspect the check valve for proper operation; determine necessary action.

V. BRAKES E. Power Assist Units Diagnosis and Repair 1. Test pedal free travel with and without engine running; check power assist

operation. 2. Check vacuum supply (manifold or auxiliary pump) to vacuum-type power

booster. P-2

P-2

4. Inspect and test hydro-boost system and accumulator for leaks and proper


V. BRAKES F. Miscellaneous (Wheel Bearings, Parking Brakes, Electrical, Etc.)

Diagnosis and Repair

1. Diagnose wheel bearing noises, wheel shimmy, and vibration concerns;


2. Remove, clean, inspect, repack, and install wheel bearings and replace

seals; install hub and adjust wheel bearings. P-1

3. Check parking brake cables and components for wear, rusting, binding, and

corrosion; clean, lubricate, or replace as needed. P-2

4. Check parking brake operation; determine necessary action. P-1 5. Check operation of parking brake indicator light system. P-3 6. Check operation of brake stop light system; determine necessary action. P-1 7. Replace wheel bearing and race. P-1 8. Inspect and replace wheel studs. P-1 9. Remove and reinstall sealed wheel bearing assembly. P-2 V. BRAKES G. Antilock Brake and Traction Control Systems 1. Identify and inspect antilock brake system (ABS) components; determine


27

1. Identify and interpret electrical/electronic system concern; determine necessary action.

2. Diagnose poor stopping, wheel lock-up, abnormal pedal feel or pulsation,

and noise concerns caused by the antilock brake system (ABS); determine necessary action.

P-2

3. Diagnose antilock brake system (ABS) electronic control(s) and

components using self-diagnosis and/or recommended test equipment; determine necessary action.

P-1

4. Depressurize high-pressure components of the antilock brake system

(ABS). P-3

5. Bleed the antilock brake system’s (ABS) front and rear hydraulic circuits. P-2 6. Remove and install antilock brake system (ABS) electrical/electronic and

hydraulic components. P-3

7. Test, diagnose and service ABS speed sensors, toothed ring (tone wheel),

and circuits using a graphing multimeter (GMM)/digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) (includes output signal, resistance, shorts to voltage/ground, and frequency data).

P-1

8. Diagnose antilock brake system (ABS) braking concerns caused by vehicle

modifications (tire size, curb height, final drive ratio, etc.). P-3

9. Identify traction control system components. P-3

ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS For every task in Electrical/Electronic Systems, the following safety requirement must be strictly enforced: Comply with personal and environmental safety practices associated with clothing; eye protection; hand tools; power equipment; proper ventilation; and the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals/materials in accordance with local, state, and federal safety and environmental regulations. VI. ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS A. General Electrical System Diagnosis

P-1

28

P-1

P-1

P-1

2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, such as

electrical/electronic system operation, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.

P-1


(VIN, vehicle certification labels, and calibration decals). 4. Diagnose electrical/electronic integrity for series, parallel and series-parallel

circuits using principles of electricity (Ohm’s Law). P-1

5. Use wiring diagrams during diagnosis of electrical circuit problems. 6. Demonstrate the proper use of a digital multimeter (DMM) during diagnosis

of electrical circuit problems. 7. Check electrical circuits with a test light; determine necessary action. P-2 8. Measure source voltage and perform voltage drop tests in electrical/electronic

circuits using a voltmeter; determine necessary action. P-1

9. Measure current flow in electrical/electronic circuits and components using

an ammeter; determine necessary action. P-1

10. Check continuity and measure resistance in electrical/electronic circuits and

components using an ohmmeter; determine necessary action. P-1

11. Check electrical circuits using fused jumper wires; determine necessary action.

P-2

12. Locate shorts, grounds, opens, and resistance problems in electrical/electronic

circuits; determine necessary action. P-1

13. Measure and diagnose the cause(s) of excessive key-off battery drain

(parasitic draw); determine necessary action. P-1

14. Inspect and test fusible links, circuit breakers, and fuses; determine necessary

action. P-1

15. Inspect and test switches, connectors, relays, solid state devices, and wires of

electrical/electronic circuits; perform necessary action. P-1

16. Repair wiring harnesses and connectors. P-1 17. Perform solder repair of electrical wiring. P-1 VI. ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS B. Battery Diagnosis and Service 1. Perform battery state-of-charge test; determine necessary action. P-1

29

P-1

2. Perform battery capacity test; confirm proper battery capacity for vehicle

application; determine necessary action. P-1

3. Maintain or restore electronic memory functions. P-1 4. Inspect, clean, fill, and replace battery. P-2 5. Perform slow/fast battery charge. P-2 6. Inspect and clean battery cables, connectors, clamps, and hold-downs; repair

or replace as needed. P-1

7. Start a vehicle using jumper cables and a battery or auxiliary power supply. VI. ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS C. Starting System Diagnosis and Repair 1. Perform starter current draw tests; determine necessary action. P-1 2. Perform starter circuit voltage drop tests; determine necessary action. P-1 3. Inspect and test starter relays and solenoids; determine necessary action. P-2 4. Remove and install starter in a vehicle. P-1 5. Inspect and test switches, connectors, and wires of starter control circuits;

perform necessary action. P-2

6. Differentiate between electrical and engine mechanical problems that cause a

slow-crank or no-crank condition. P-2

VI. ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS D. Charging System Diagnosis and Repair 1. Perform charging system output test; determine necessary action. P-1 2. Diagnose charging system for the cause of undercharge, no-charge, and

overcharge conditions. P-1

3. Inspect, adjust, or replace generator (alternator) drive belts, pulleys, and

tensioners; check pulley and belt alignment. P-2

4. Remove, inspect, and install generator (alternator). P-1 5. Perform charging circuit voltage drop tests; determine necessary action. P-1

30

VI. ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS E. Lighting Systems Diagnosis and Repair 1. Diagnose the cause of brighter than normal, intermittent, dim, or no light


2. Inspect, replace, and aim headlights and bulbs. P-2 3. Inspect and diagnose incorrect turn signal or hazard light operation; perform

necessary action P-2

VI. ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS F. Gauges, Warning Devices, and Driver Information Systems

Diagnosis and Repair

1. Inspect and test gauges and gauge sending units for cause of intermittent,

high, low, or no gauge readings; determine necessary action. P-1

2. Inspect and test connectors, wires, and printed circuit boards of gauge


3. Diagnose the cause of incorrect operation of warning devices and other driver

information systems; determine necessary action. P-1

4. Inspect and test sensors, connectors, and wires of electronic instrument


VI. ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS G. Horn and Wiper/Washer Diagnosis and Repair 1. Diagnose incorrect horn operation; perform necessary action. P-2 2. Diagnose incorrect wiper operation; diagnose wiper speed control and park

problems; perform necessary action. P-2

3. Diagnose incorrect washer operation; perform necessary action. P-2 VI. ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS H. Accessories Diagnosis and Repair 1. Diagnose incorrect operation of motor-driven accessory circuits; determine


2. Diagnose incorrect heated glass operation; determine necessary action. P-3

31

3. Diagnose incorrect electric lock operation; determine necessary action. P-2 4. Diagnose incorrect operation of cruise control systems; determine necessary

action. P-3

5. Diagnose supplemental restraint system (SRS) concerns; determine necessary

action. (Note: Follow manufacturer’s safety procedures to prevent accidental deployment.)

P-2

6. Disarm and enable the airbag system for vehicle service. P-1 7. Diagnose radio static and weak, intermittent, or no radio reception; determine


8. Remove and reinstall door panel. P-1 9. Diagnose body electronic system circuits using a scan tool; determine


10. Check for module communication errors using a scan tool. P-3 11. Diagnose the cause of false, intermittent, or no operation of anti-theft system. P-2

HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING For every task in Heating and Air Conditioning, the following safety requirement must be strictly enforced: Comply with personal and environmental safety practices associated with clothing; eye protection; hand tools; power equipment; proper ventilation; and the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals/materials in accordance with local, state, and federal safety and environmental regulations. VII. HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING A. A/C System Diagnosis and Repair 1. Identify and interpret heating and air conditioning concern; determine


2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, such as heating and air

conditioning system operation, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.

P-1



32

4. Performance test A/C system; diagnose A/C system malfunctions using

principles of refrigeration. P-1

5. Diagnose abnormal operating noises in the A/C system; determine necessary

action. P-2

6. Identify refrigerant type; conduct a performance test of the A/C system;


7. Leak test A/C system; determine necessary action. P-1 8. Inspect the condition of discharged oil; determine necessary action. P-2 9. Determine recommended oil for system application. P-1 VII. HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING B. Refrigeration System Component Diagnosis and Repair 1. Compressor and Clutch 1. Diagnose A/C system conditions that cause the protection devices (pressure,

thermal, and PCM) to interrupt system operation; determine necessary action. P-2

2. Inspect A/C compressor drive belts; determine necessary action. P-2 3. Inspect, test, and/or replace A/C compressor clutch components and/or

assembly. P-2

4. Remove and reinstall A/C compressor and mountings; measure oil quantity;


2. Evaporator, Condenser, and Related Components 1. Determine need for an additional A/C system filter; perform necessary action. P-3 2. Remove and inspect A/C system mufflers, hoses, lines, fittings, O-rings,

seals, and service valves; perform necessary action. P-2

3. Inspect A/C condenser for airflow restrictions; perform necessary action. P-1 4. Remove and reinstall receiver/drier or accumulator/drier; measure oil

quantity; determine necessary action. P-1

5. Remove and install expansion valve or orifice (expansion) tube. P-2 6. Inspect evaporator housing water drain; perform necessary action. P-3

33

7. Remove and reinstall evaporator; measure oil quantity; determine necessary

action. P-3

8. Remove and reinstall condenser; measure oil quantity; determine necessary

action. P-3

VII. HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING C. Heating, Ventilation, and Engine Cooling Systems Diagnosis and

Repair

1. Diagnose temperature control problems in the heater/ventilation system;


2. Perform cooling system, cap, and recovery system tests (pressure,

combustion leakage, and temperature); determine necessary action. P-1

3. Inspect engine cooling and heater system hoses and belts; perform necessary

action. P-1

4. Inspect, test, and replace thermostat and housing. P-1 5. Determine coolant condition and coolant type for vehicle application; drain

and recover coolant. P-1

6. Flush system; refill system with recommended coolant; bleed system. P-1 7. Inspect and test cooling fan, fan clutch, fan shroud, and air dams; perform


8. Inspect and test electric cooling fan, fan control system and circuits;


9. Inspect and test heater control valve(s); perform necessary action. P-2 10. Remove and reinstall heater core. P-3 VII. HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING D. Operating Systems and Related Controls Diagnosis and Repair 1. Diagnose malfunctions in the electrical controls of heating, ventilation, and

A/C (HVAC) systems; determine necessary action. P-2

2. Inspect and test A/C-heater blower, motors, resistors, switches, relays, wiring,

and protection devices; perform necessary action. P-1

3. Test and diagnose A/C compressor clutch control systems; determine


34

4. Diagnose malfunctions in the vacuum and mechanical components and

controls of the heating, ventilation, and A/C (HVAC) system; determine necessary action.

P-2

5. Inspect and test A/C-heater control panel assembly; determine necessary action.

P-3

6. Inspect and test A/C-heater control cables and linkages; perform necessary

action. P-3

7. Inspect A/C-heater ducts, doors, hoses, cabin filters and outlets; perform


8. Check operation of automatic and semi-automatic heating, ventilation, and

air-conditioning (HVAC) control systems; determine necessary action. P-3

VII. HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING E. Refrigerant Recovery, Recycling, and Handling 1. Perform correct use and maintenance of refrigerant handling equipment. P-1 2. Identify (by label application or use of a refrigerant identifier) and recover

A/C system refrigerant. P-1

3. Recycle refrigerant. P-1 4. Label and store refrigerant. P-1 5. Test recycled refrigerant for non-condensable gases. P-1 6. Evacuate and charge A/C system. P-1

ENGINE PERFORMANCE For every task in Engine Performance the following safety requirement must be strictly enforced: Comply with personal and environmental safety practices associated with clothing; eye protection; hand tools; power equipment; proper ventilation; and the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals/materials in accordance with local, state, and federal safety and environmental regulations.

35

VIII. ENGINE PERFORMANCE A. General Engine Diagnosis 1. Identify and interpret engine performance concern; determine necessary

action. P-1

2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, such as engine

management system operation, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.

P-1



4. Inspect engine assembly for fuel, oil, coolant, and other leaks; determine


5. Diagnose abnormal engine noise or vibration concerns; determine necessary

action. P-2

6. Diagnose abnormal exhaust color, odor, and sound; determine necessary

action. P-2

7. Perform engine absolute (vacuum/boost) manifold pressure tests; determine


8. Perform cylinder power balance test; determine necessary action. P-1 9. Perform cylinder compression tests; determine necessary action. P-1 10. Perform cylinder leakage test; determine necessary action. P-1 11. Diagnose engine mechanical, electrical, electronic, fuel, and ignition concerns

with an oscilloscope and/or engine diagnostic equipment; determine necessary action.

P-1

12. Prepare 4 or 5 gas analyzer; inspect and prepare vehicle for test, and obtain

exhaust readings; interpret readings, and determine necessary action. P-1

13. Verify engine operating temperature; determine necessary action. P-1 14. Perform cooling system pressure tests; check coolant condition; inspect and

test radiator, pressure cap, coolant recovery tank, and hoses; perform necessary action.

P-1

15. Verify correct camshaft timing. P-2

36

P-2

VIII. ENGINE PERFORMANCE B. Computerized Engine Controls Diagnosis and Repair 1. Retrieve and record stored OBD I diagnostic trouble codes; clear codes. P-2 2. Retrieve and record stored OBD II diagnostic trouble codes; clear codes. P-1 3. Diagnose the causes of emissions or driveability concerns resulting from

malfunctions in the computerized engine control system with stored diagnostic trouble codes.

P-1

4. Diagnose emissions or driveability concerns resulting from malfunctions in

the computerized engine control system with no stored diagnostic trouble codes; determine necessary action.

P-1

5. Check for module communication errors using a scan tool. 6. Inspect and test computerized engine control system sensors, powertrain

control module (PCM), actuators, and circuits using a graphing multimeter (GMM)/digital storage oscilloscope (DSO); perform necessary action.

P-1

7 Obtain and interpret scan tool data. P-1 8. Access and use service information to perform step-by-step diagnosis. P-1 9. Diagnose driveability and emissions problems resulting from malfunctions of

interrelated systems (cruise control, security alarms, suspension controls, traction controls, A/C, automatic transmissions, non-OEM-installed accessories, or similar systems); determine necessary action.

P-3

VIII. ENGINE PERFORMANCE C. Ignition System Diagnosis and Repair 1. Diagnose ignition system related problems such as no-starting, hard starting,

engine misfire, poor driveability, spark knock, power loss, poor mileage, and emissions concerns on vehicles with electronic ignition (distributorless) systems; determine necessary action.

P-1

2. Diagnose ignition system related problems such as no-starting, hard starting,

engine misfire, poor driveability, spark knock, power loss, poor mileage, and emissions concerns on vehicles with distributor ignition (DI) systems; determine necessary action.

P-1

3. Inspect and test ignition primary circuit wiring and solid state components;


4. Inspect, test and service distributor. P-3

37

5. Inspect and test ignition system secondary circuit wiring and components;


6. Inspect and test ignition coil(s); perform necessary action. P-1 7. Check and adjust ignition system timing and timing advance/retard (where

applicable). P-3

8. Inspect and test ignition system pick-up sensor or triggering devices; perform

necessary action P-1

VIII. ENGINE PERFORMANCE D. Fuel, Air Induction, and Exhaust Systems Diagnosis and Repair 1. Diagnose hot or cold no-starting, hard starting, poor driveability, incorrect

idle speed, poor idle, flooding, hesitation, surging, engine misfire, power loss, stalling, poor mileage, dieseling, and emissions problems on vehicles with carburetor-type fuel systems; determine necessary action.

P-3

2. Diagnose hot or cold no-starting, hard starting, poor driveability, incorrect

idle speed, poor idle, flooding, hesitation, surging, engine misfire, power loss, stalling, poor mileage, dieseling, and emissions problems on vehicles with injection-type fuel systems; determine necessary action.

P-1

3. Check fuel for contaminants and quality; determine necessary action. P-3 4. Inspect and test mechanical and electrical fuel pumps and pump control

systems for pressure, regulation and volume; perform necessary action. P-1

5. Replace fuel filters. P-1 6. Inspect and test cold enrichment system and components; perform necessary

action. P-3

7. Inspect throttle body, air induction system, intake manifold and gaskets for

vacuum leaks and/or unmetered air. P-2

8. Inspect and test fuel injectors. P-2 9. Check idle speed and fuel mixture. P-2 10. Adjust idle speed and fuel mixture. P-3 11. Inspect the integrity of the exhaust manifold, exhaust pipes, muffler(s),

catalytic converter(s), resonator(s), tail pipe(s), and heat shield(s); perform necessary action.

P-2

12. Perform exhaust system back-pressure test; determine necessary action. P-1

38

13. Test the operation of turbocharger/supercharger systems; determine necessary

action P-3

VIII. ENGINE PERFORMANCE E. Emissions Control Systems Diagnosis and Repair 1. Positive Crankcase Ventilation 1. Diagnose oil leaks, emissions, and driveability problems resulting from

malfunctions in the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system; determine necessary action.

P-2

2. Inspect, test and service positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) filter/breather

cap, valve, tubes, orifices, and hoses; perform necessary action. P-2

2. Exhaust Gas Recirculation 1. Diagnose emissions and driveability problems caused by malfunctions in the

exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system; determine necessary action. P-1

2. Inspect, test, service and replace components of the EGR system, including

EGR tubing, exhaust passages, vacuum/pressure controls, filters and hoses; perform necessary action.

P-2

3. Inspect and test electrical/electronic sensors, controls, and wiring of exhaust

gas recirculation (EGR) systems; perform necessary action.

P-2

3. Exhaust Gas Treatment 1. Diagnose emissions and driveability problems resulting from malfunctions in

the secondary air injection and catalytic converter systems; determine necessary action.

P-2

2. Inspect and test mechanical components of secondary air injection systems;


3. Inspect and test electrical/electronically-operated components and circuits of

air injection systems; perform necessary action. P-3

4. Inspect and test catalytic converter performance. P-1 4. Intake Air Temperature Controls 1. Diagnose emissions and driveability problems resulting from malfunctions in

the intake air temperature control system; determine necessary action. P-3

39

2. Inspect and test components of intake air temperature control system;


5. Early Fuel Evaporation (Intake Manifold Temperature) Controls

1. Diagnose emissions and driveability problems resulting from malfunctions in

the early fuel evaporation control system; determine necessary action. P-3

2. Inspect and test components of early fuel evaporation control system;


6. Evaporative Emissions Controls 1. Diagnose emissions and driveability problems resulting from malfunctions in

the evaporative emissions control system; determine necessary action. P-1

2. Inspect and test components and hoses of evaporative emissions control

system; perform necessary action. P-2

3. Interpret evaporative emission related diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs);


VIII. ENGINE PERFORMANCE F. Engine Related Service 1. Adjust valves on engines with mechanical or hydraulic lifters. P-1 2. Remove and replace timing belt; verify correct camshaft timing. P-1 3. Remove and replace thermostat. P-2 4. Inspect and test mechanical/electrical fans, fan clutch, fan shroud/ducting, air

dams, and fan control devices; perform necessary action. P-1

40

Task List Priority Item Totals (by area) I. Engine Repair P-1 = 20 P-2 = 25 P-3 = 11

V. Brakes P-1 = 32 P-2 = 14 P-3 = 10

II. Automatic Transmission and Transaxle P-1 = 19 P-2 = 19 P-3 = 6

VI. Electrical/Electronic Systems P-1 = 32 P-2 = 19 P-3 = 5

III. Manual Drive Train and Axles P-1 = 21 P-2 = 24 P-3 = 19

VII. Heating and Air Conditioning P-1 = 25 P-2 = 11 P-3 = 9

IV. Suspension and Steering P-1 = 28 P-2 = 25 P-3 = 11

VIII. Engine Performance P-1 = 32 P-2 = 19 P-3 = 14

APPLIED ACADEMIC & WORKPLACE SKILLS FOR …...Mr. Steve Hanson Larry Miller Toyota 4701 West Glendale Avenue Glendale, Arizona Mr. Bud McCurry Coulter Cadillac 1188 East Camelback

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