- - chemistry Approach to address Bio energy Bio Remediation needs Dr. Alok Adholeya 1 & Dr. R. K. Sharma 2 1 , , , Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003 2 Green Chemistry Network Centre Department of chemistry University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007
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- -chemistry Approach to address Bio
energy Bio Remediation needs
Dr. Alok Adholeya1 & Dr. R. K. Sharma2
1
, , ,
Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003
2 Green Chemistry Network Centre
Department of chemistry
University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007
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Green chemistry: 12 principles
1. Prevent waste,
2. Desi n safer chemicals and roduct
3. Design less hazardous chemical syntheses
4. Use renewable feed stocks
. ,
6. Avoid chemical derivatives
7. Maximize atom economy
8. Use safer solvents and reaction conditions
9. Increase energy efficiency
10. Desi n chemicals and roducts to de rade after use11. Analyze in real time to prevent pollution
12. Minimize the potential for accidents
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Bioremediation: Microbes-Plant-Chemistry interaction
PlantPlant's exudates (e.g. Phyto-chelators)
Toxic chemicals
in substrate
Microbial metabolites
(e.g. organic acid)
n erna
modification /
storageChemical
Microbes
breakdown
chemicals
(less toxic)
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BioremediationGreen Chemistry
Bio-mining
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Bio-mining of Cr
The Challenge
In leather industry, tanning is the main process that protects leather
against certain environmental effects and about 90% of tanneries in
the world use chromium salts as tannage materials. Only 60% of the
total Cr takes part in the reaction and the rest of it which remains in
the tanning effluent is subsequently sent to a tannery waste water
management plant where the Cr salts end up in the sludge. Cr is
non-biodegradable and tends to cause serious diseases and
disorder to animals and human beings.
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Bio-mining of Cr
The Approach
• Isolation of microbes and lants inhabitin the site laden b tanner waste
and screening of the same based on targeted functional properties.
• Cultivation of plants and microorganisms based on their survivability and Cr
accumulation capability on tannery waste.
• Development of a metal specific resin (Cr) through extensive research on ion
specific resin, which could be able to extract Cr from processed biomass.
• Use of a green chemistry approach (less use of chemicals with minimal waste
generation) and low energy input to give shape to the entire activities.
• Maximum recovery of Cr (≥ 99%)
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The Achievement
Cr accumulator lant / % of Cr extraction from
bacteria / fungi
T1 0.22 – 3.11
T2 0.30 – 4.64
fungi biomass
Aloe Vera (whole plant) 96.40
Vetiver (whole plant) 93.64
T3 3.91 – 8.21
T4 3.37 – 5.57
–
Cauliflower (root) 98.50
Tobacco (root) 97.30
T6 2.74 – 4.97
T7 2.37 – 6.07
–
S1 44.3%
S2 79.8%
. .
T9 6.43 – 19.5
F1 6.00
.
R1A 76.5%
R1A1 59.5%.
F3 5.44
F4 6.90
S1-S3, R1A, R1A1 ~ Fungal strains
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.
T1-T9 ~ Bacterial strains; F1-F5~ Fungal strains
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ome o er examp es o some o er examp es o s
technolo ies based on lanttechnolo ies based on lant--
microbemicrobe--chemistry interactionschemistry interactions
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Reclamation of Chlor-alkali sludge
The hurdle
The chemical wastes formed out of alkali and chloride rich sediments from
industrial discharge was posing a health hazard for the residents of the
coastal areas nearby. The highly saline substrate made germination of seeds
.
extremely high pH (11.7) and electrical conductivity (74.4 mS/cm2) as
compare o e near neu ra p . an e ec r ca con uc v y near
mS/cm2) of normal soil.
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Reclamation of Chlor-alkali sludge
The way out
• Isolation and mass multiplication of microbes inhabiting the chlor-alkali
sludge laden sites.
• Plantation of partially tolerant plant species on a specially designed
substrate.
• Mycorrhizal biofertilizers provide tolerance and strength to the plants to
withstand the adverse conditions by enhancing uptake of nitrogen and
phosphorous.
• se o swee wa er rs , o owe y a com na on o swee wa er an sea
water, and then only sea water : Typical site specific water management
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Reclamation of Chlor-alkali sludge
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The Achievement
2468
1012
14
Desi baboolVetiver
20
40
60
80
100
Desi baboolVetiver
pH EC (mS/cm)
Rambabool
CasurinaParas pipal
Kharagrass
0
Rambabool
CasurinaParas pipal
Kharagrass
400Initial P(mg/kg)
K (mg/kg)Initial
OC(%)
N (%)
0
100
200
300Desi babool
RambaboolKharagrass
Vetiver
0
2
4
6
Desi babool
RambaboolKharagrass
Vetiver
CasurinaParas pipalCasurinaParas pipal
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Reclamation of fly ash dykes
The hurdle
Combustion of coal produces fine solid particles of ash, dust and soot
, , , , ,
mercury, etc. all of which are hazardous to health. Fly ash is dumped as
slurry in ash dykes, from which the toxic metals seep into the ground,
. ,
the soil fertility, harm the aquatic plants and disturb the food chain.
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Reclamation of fly ash dykes
The way out
• Identification of certain strains of naturally occurring mycorrhizal
fungi that provide nutritional support and high level of stress
tolerance to the plants.
•
additional doses of organic and Mycorrhizal fertilizers.
• Conversion of barren land to a lush green area.
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Reclamation of fly ash dykes
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Jatropha on fly ash dykes
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The achievement
uRoot Shoot Root Shoot Root Shoot Root Shoot
Khandwa 11.1 6.7 24.1 32.2 506.3 506.1 137.0 424.0
Shahdol 7.5 5.9 20.9 29.1 371.4 334.0 230.0 394.2
Jagdalpur 7.1 6.9 24.3 28.9 535.5 449.6 156.4 453.3
. . . . . . . .
Udaipur 8.8 5.0 21.0 28.7 572.2 354.2 236.7 247.2
Kanchivaram 5.4 8.5 23.5 34.9 410.7 290.5 219.7 438.8
Metal conc. are in ppm
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How mycorrhiza function in metal enriched substrate
like fly ash (mycorrhizoremediation)
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Reclamation of hyper-saline desert land
The Hurdle
The hyper-saline area of Dukhan, located in the western part of
Qatar has extremely adverse land and water conditions prior to
farming. The soil salinity level is very high and accumulation of white
salts (soluble chloride and sulfates of Ca, Mg, Na and K) on soil
surface (white encrustation) is a common phenomena. Moreover,
the climate is hot subtropical characterized by hot humid summers
and semi short winters with scant and infrequent rainfalls.
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Reclamation of hyper-saline desert land
The way out
• In-situ raising of nursery
• Application of mycorrhiza with selected plant species
• Adaptation of different plantation model including off season
.
• Need based application of organic manure and water (efficient
utilization of water)
• Composting and recycling of all organic residues at site.
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Reclamation of hyper-saline desert land
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Reclamation of hyper-saline desert land
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Reclamation of distillery effluent loaded wasteland
The hurdle
The problem posed by distillery effluents runs, literally, pretty deep-run-off
effluents percolate into surrounding fields, thereby polluting soil and
damaging soil structure. The task at hand is twofold: to dispose of effluents
- , -
that have turned into wastelands. Moreover, the dumping site that TERI had
to reclaim had suffered 6 years matter of regular loading of distillery
effluents rich in organic and acute salinity (electrical conductivity as high as
34.4 mS/cm2 as against the normal value of less than 1). Besides these
, .
pH of 7). Over time, the site was completely saturated and could not take
any more effluents.
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Reclamation of distillery effluent loaded wasteland
The way out
• o ca on o e e uen a en an scape o a spec a y es gne
disposal site with alternate furrow and ridges.
• Plantation of HRTS capable plants with mycorrhiza on raised beds
(ridges).
• Disposal of brewery effluent into furrow.
• Eva o-trans iration of effluent and a earance of reen cover over
the effluent loaded soil.
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Reclamation of distillery effluent loaded wasteland
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Thank ou
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