Application of Standards for Visual Representation of ALM Objects Adolf Knoll National Library of the Czech Republic
Dec 27, 2015
Application of Standards for Visual Representation of ALM Objects
Adolf Knoll
National Library of the Czech Republic
What do we wish to achieve?
Access to various types of information, preferably over networks Publications incl. fulltext Visual documentation of museum objects,
sites, monuments of architecture, … Besides the so-called catalogue
information we need direct access through various technologies
Types of objects: libraries and archives
Classical documents: books, periodicals, manuscripts, letters, maps, postcards, …
Other analogue documents: microforms, video and audio recordins, slides,…
Digital documents
All on various carriers: paper, parchment, silk, glass, palm leaves, tape, disks, various plastic carriers, …
Types of objects: museums
Paintings Various 3D objects incl. those
documenting development of techniques and technology
Archeological sites Architectural monuments Geological and paleontological Events and performances
SiteEmpúries
Identificationdescription of the site
imageJPEG,
24-bit, 355x251 pxl, 75 dpi, …
Representationof the concrete object
Archeologicalsite
PostcardDigital
photograph
Identificationdescription
of the postcardpostcard
Physical description is part of the identification
Identification record
It describes general and concrete attributes of the object
Catalogue record It has a recommended structure, which:
Reflects the needs of the concrete area Enables communication; … therefore, it gets standardized step by
step
Document - identification
Description or cataloguing rules:
AACR2 (modern documents) MASTER (manuscripts) Dublin Core (on-line documents) DIEPER (periodicals) …
Formal expression of the standardized description
MARC UNIMARC, INTERMARC, MARC21 (USMARC),
MAB2 MASTER DTD for description of MSS DIEPER DTD (unfortunately uncompleted) Dublin Core as cataloguing in published
electronic documents
Syntactical expression of the formalized description
Labelled format with names of fields MARC or any other structured labelled
lines ASCII file SGML file (which type, which DTD?)
DOBM (Memoriae Mundi, Kramerius) TEI (MASTER) XML (Memoriae Mundi from 2002)
Cataloguing rulese.g. AACR2
Formalized inMARC
Labelled format
Formalized inDublinCore
Formalized inMASTER
DOBM XML
HTML/metatags
SGML TEI
Three levels of understanding
Museum object – identification
AMICO Data Specification – Catalogue CDWA – Categories for the Description of Works of
Art Object ID Systèmes descriptifs (architecture, movable objects
incl. technological ones,…) CIDOC Information Categories Van Eyck, VRA, AFRICOM, MIDAS (architecture,
archeology), RLG Cultural Materials Alliance Description Guidelines
Great variety of rules
Museum object – formal structuring and syntax
Some standards do not speak about this
Several known standards have a labelled format (CDWA, AMICO, …)
There are attempts to apply XML (British SPECTRUM DTD in development)
Compatibility of identification terms
Documents Standardized
recording of the same entity (authority files, thesauri) Personal names Subject Titles (partly) Corporate bodies Iconography
(ICONCLASS)
Museum objects Recommended
dictionaries, thesauri Personal names (e.g.
ULAN) Places (e.g. TGN) Subject (e.g. AAT,
MET)
Thesaurus of Geographic Names
Union List of Artists Names
The Art and Architecture Theasaurus
Multilingual Egyptological Thesaurus
DATE
Various approaches: generic identification vs. subject identification
Document Nieuport 17
Military aircraft Propeller aircraft Historical aircraft Transport vehicles
Author, publisher, date of publication, ….
Technical object Description of the
aircraft Description of the
engine Description of the
photograph
What have I on-line now?
All these various pieces of information should be interconnected and made deliverable
Identification and location Choice of approriate
standards and their formal expressions
Cataloguing of objects and creation of databases
Formal bridging of databases, e.g. SFX technology (Metalib)
Semantic bridging !!!
Digitization of objects and their analogue representations Choice of standard data
formats Choice of complex e-
doc formats (XML) Creation of digital
libraries
What do we do now?
Identification record based MASTER DTD
Technical record based on the NISO draft and ICC profiles
Description of
component parts
Technical
description of the images of component parts
JPEG preview image
JPEG archival image
JPEG user image
MrSID (maps) image
TIFF/G4 image
DjVu image Fulltext tagged in SGML TEI
For representation of museum objects this can be done in an analogue manner.
Samples
Celtic sites in Bohemia Books and articles Photograps of the arechological site – I, II Museum objects
History of a town Books and articles Video and movies Digital representations – e.g. postcards