Historical Background Caloric theory: Heat is fluid like substance called caloric that is mass-less, colorless, odorless, tasteless substance that can be poured from one body into another) James P. Joule: published in 1843 that heat was not a substance after all Heat: Perceived to be something that produces in us a sensation of warmth
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Application of Mathematics in Chemical Engineering · 02/01/2014 · Engineering Heat Transfer Heat transfer equipment such as heat exchangers, boilers, condensers, radiators, heaters,
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Historical Background
Caloric theory: Heat is fluid like substance called caloric
that is mass-less, colorless, odorless, tasteless substance
that can be poured from one body into another)
James P. Joule: published in
1843 that heat was not a
substance after all
Heat: Perceived to be something that produces in us a
sensation of warmth
2
Historical Background
3
Thermodynamics?
Heat Transfer?
4
Thermodynamics
It is the branch of engineering science which deals with
transformation of energy from one form to another.
The study of the relationship between heat, work and
energy.
It deals with the equilibrium and feasibility of process
and properties of system, direction of change etc.
5
Work
The energy required to move an object against a force.
Work = force × distance
Energy
The capacity to do work or transfer heat.
6
Energy can exist in various forms such as:
thermal
mechanical
kinetic
potential
electrical
magnetic
chemical
nuclear
Their sum constitutes the total
energy E of a system.
7
Internal energy is the energy stored in a body.
It increases when the temperature of the body rises or
when the body changes from solid to liquid or from
liquid to gas.
Internal energy is the sum of kinetic and potential
energy of all particles in the body.
Unit of internal energy: joule (J)
8
Heat
Heat is a form of energy.
It is energy in transit form which moves from high to low
temperature level.
Energy associated with the random motion of atoms and
molecules.
9
When two bodies of different temperatures touch each
other, energy is transferred from the hot body to the cold
body until they reach the same temperature. (The bodies
are then said to be in thermal equilibrium.)
Heat is the energy transferred from one body to another as
a result of a temperature difference.
Heat is a form of energy which passes from a body at
higher temperature to a body at a lower temperature.
Unit of heat: joule (J)
Note: Heat cannot be measured directly by an instrument