Copyright: Shell Brands International AG 2008 2/10/2011 Application of Application of Internal Olefin Internal Olefin Sulfonates Sulfonates and Other and Other Surfactants to EOR Surfactants to EOR Part 1: Part 1: Industrial Production, Industrial Production, Structure Performance Relationships, Structure Performance Relationships, Shell Global Solutions Structure Performance Relationships, Structure Performance Relationships, Handleability Handleability Julian Barnes Julian Barnes
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Application of Internal Olefin Internal Olefin ... · • Low concentration of Low concentration of di-sulfonates sulfonates strongly influence strongly influence hydrophilicityhydrophilicity
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Copyright: Shell Brands International AG 2008 2/10/2011
Application of Application of Internal Olefin Internal Olefin SulfonatesSulfonates and Other and Other Surfactants to EOR Surfactants to EOR
Part 1: Part 1: Industrial Production, Industrial Production, Structure Performance Relationships, Structure Performance Relationships,
High activity High activity Less compatible, viscous phases
NOTE: the crude oils are:
• Regionally different
• Low viscosity (API: 26-38)
• Low TAN (no soaps)
Resins (%) Asphaltenes (%) acids (ppm)Naphthenic
salinity
% KCl: 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.25 1.50
Crude D
salinity
% NaCl 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0 1.25 1.50
Crude E
salinity
% NaCl 0.25 0.37 0.50 0.75 1.0
Crude A
viscous
phasesSolubilisation benefits from long tailed IOS. Applied successfully in single well
tracer test with 90+% oil recovery (ref: Buijse et al, companion PEA meeting paper)
Matching Surfactants to Reservoir Matching Surfactants to Reservoir ConditionsConditions
IOS 20-24IOS 19-23
C16, 17 EOx sulfonate
C12, 13 EOx sulfonate
IOS 24-28
IOS 15-18
as secondary blending
component
IOS 15-18
Am
bie
nt
to 1
40
°CSalinity ranges based on optimal salinities measured with octane
•• The surfactants cover wide range of temperatures and salinitiesThe surfactants cover wide range of temperatures and salinities
C12, 13 EOx sulfonate
C16, 17 POx sulfate
C12, 13 POx sulfate C16, 17 EOx sulfate
C12, 13 EOx sulfate
Se
a w
ate
r
0 5 10 15 20 25
Salinity, %NaCl
Am
bie
nt
to
60
°C
Surfactant ManufacturingCurrent surfactant manufacturing largely 10-14 carbon number (ca. 6 mln ton pa)Good EOR surfactant properties requires 16-28 carbon number
•• SemiSemi--soluble / colloidal dispersion in watersoluble / colloidal dispersion in water•• SemiSemi--soluble / colloidal dispersion in watersoluble / colloidal dispersion in water
•• IOS 24IOS 24--28: 28: pumpablepumpable at 60at 60°°C for wide range of %activeC for wide range of %active
•• Comparable diagram for IOS 15Comparable diagram for IOS 15--18 is liquid throughout 18 is liquid throughout
℃℃℃℃
30℃℃℃℃ Liquid Thick Liquid Flowy Gel Gel/Paste Gel/Paste Gel/Paste
20℃℃℃℃ Thick Liquid Flowy Gel Gel/Paste Gel/Paste Gel/Paste Gel/Paste
10℃℃℃℃ Thick Liquid Flowy Gel Gel/Paste Gel/Paste Gel/Paste Gel/Paste
5 8 14 21 ====> 33 ====> 64
Active Matter (%w)
ConclusionsConclusions
•• Wide range of commercialWide range of commercial--scale ENORDET EOR surfactants manufactured scale ENORDET EOR surfactants manufactured
and successfully applied in field testsand successfully applied in field tests
•• IOS structure control through understanding of IOS structure control through understanding of sulfonationsulfonation process process conditions conditions
•• IOS performance correlations developed & applied for model and crude oils IOS performance correlations developed & applied for model and crude oils
•• HandleabilityHandleability options developed to options developed to optimiseoptimise surfactant logistics and surface surfactant logistics and surface
facility design facility design
•• IOSs are “candidate workhorses” in IOSs are “candidate workhorses” in cEORcEOR
•• Good activity in a wide range of crudes and salinitiesGood activity in a wide range of crudes and salinities
•• Stable at high TStable at high T
•• Require fewer production steps c.f. potential alternatives for high TRequire fewer production steps c.f. potential alternatives for high T