Application of GIS in Post Flood Epidemics- A Case Study, Mumbai by Dr. Guru Balamurugan and Vikas N. Kurne

Application of GIS in Post Flood Epidemics Application of GIS in Post Flood Epidemics ––A case study, MumbaiA case study, Mumbai

Guru Balamurugan* and VikasGuru Balamurugan* and Vikas

*Asst. Professor*Asst. Professor

JTCDM, TISSJTCDM, TISS

[email protected]@gmail.com

IntroductionIntroductionPurpose of the studyPurpose of the study

Floods can lead to property damage and loss of human life.Floods can lead to property damage and loss of human life.

Disruption of water purification and sewage disposal systems.Disruption of water purification and sewage disposal systems.

Floods have impact on public health due to water contamination, Floods have impact on public health due to water contamination, increase in vector increase in vector population or direct injuries(Few and Ahern, 2005). population or direct injuries(Few and Ahern, 2005).

Physical health effects due to living in damp and dirty conditioPhysical health effects due to living in damp and dirty conditions.ns.

Potential outbreak of communicable diseases.Potential outbreak of communicable diseases.

Exposure to toxic substances, i.e., chemical and biological agenExposure to toxic substances, i.e., chemical and biological agents.ts.

Socioeconomic factors increases risk of health problems and becoSocioeconomic factors increases risk of health problems and become worst during me worst during floods like poverty, overcrowding, poor housing, low income statfloods like poverty, overcrowding, poor housing, low income status, education etc us, education etc (Malilay, 2003).(Malilay, 2003).

After floods,After floods,

Increase in infectious diseasesIncrease in infectious diseases

Population displacement and change in density (overcrowding)Population displacement and change in density (overcrowding)

Disruption of basic public sanitation services, may occur.Disruption of basic public sanitation services, may occur.

ObjectivesObjectives

1)1) Mapping the Spatial variations in disease incidences.Mapping the Spatial variations in disease incidences.

2)2) Mapping of potential risk areas (low lying areas).Mapping of potential risk areas (low lying areas).

Study Area Study Area -- MumbaiMumbaiMumbai area falls between Latitude N 18 30Mumbai area falls between Latitude N 18 30’’ to 19 20to 19 20’’ and and Longitude E 72 45Longitude E 72 45’’ to 73 00to 73 00’’

AreaArea

437.71 Sq.km (approx.). 437.71 Sq.km (approx.).

PhysiographyPhysiography

Terrain made of Deccan basalt. Soil is sandy in south and alluviTerrain made of Deccan basalt. Soil is sandy in south and alluvial and al and loamy in suburbs (Apte, 2003)loamy in suburbs (Apte, 2003)

Topographic variations Topographic variations –– 15 to 20m above MSL.15 to 20m above MSL.

Climate and rainfallClimate and rainfall

Tropical, moist (Sherbenin, 2007). Tropical, moist (Sherbenin, 2007).

Temperature max. 33Temperature max. 33˚̊C to 29C to 29˚̊C and min. 16C and min. 16˚̊C to 26C to 26˚̊C (Apte,2003)C (Apte,2003)

Monsoon between June and Sept. Average 2457Monsoon between June and Sept. Average 2457--2700 (IMD2700 (IMD--Mumbai Mumbai region). Nearly 70% rainfall during Jul. region). Nearly 70% rainfall during Jul. –– Aug.Aug.

DrainageDrainage Three river, Mithi, Dahisar and Poisar. Mithi is Three river, Mithi, Dahisar and Poisar. Mithi is

largest and drains most of citylargest and drains most of city’’s effluents. Surface s effluents. Surface drains 2000km, underground drains 440 km and drains 2000km, underground drains 440 km and outfalls 186 discharge into rivers and Arabian sea.outfalls 186 discharge into rivers and Arabian sea.

PopulationPopulation Around 1.19 cr (Census, 2001), now estimated 1.34 Around 1.19 cr (Census, 2001), now estimated 1.34

cr (HDR, Mumbai, 2009), 54% residing in slums and cr (HDR, Mumbai, 2009), 54% residing in slums and 46% . Density 46% . Density –– 27,209 people per Sq. km 27,209 people per Sq. km (Neelakantan, 2005).(Neelakantan, 2005).

Study Area Study Area

Drainage area Drainage area

Wards information and low lying areasWards information and low lying areasWards: H(E),K(E) and LWards: H(E),K(E) and L

H(E) H(E) –– Area Area -- 18.53 sq.km; Population 18.53 sq.km; Population -- 5,79123; 5,79123; 7 Health posts and 1 Municipal hospital; 7 Health posts and 1 Municipal hospital;

Low lying areas Vakola, Kalina, Shastri nagar, Bharat nagar, Low lying areas Vakola, Kalina, Shastri nagar, Bharat nagar, New Agripada, Air India and Indian airlines colony.New Agripada, Air India and Indian airlines colony.

K(E) K(E) –– Area Area –– 24.5 sq.km; Population 8,06,360;24.5 sq.km; Population 8,06,360;11 Health posts; 11 Health posts;

Low lying areas Sahar village, Chimat pada, Nav pada and Sag Low lying areas Sahar village, Chimat pada, Nav pada and Sag baug.baug.

L L –– Area Area –– 15.9 sq.km; Population15.9 sq.km; Population-- 5,90,609; 5,90,609; 12 Health posts and 1 Municipal hospital; 12 Health posts and 1 Municipal hospital;

Low lying areas Kranti nagar, Jarimari, Lohia nagr, Buddha Low lying areas Kranti nagar, Jarimari, Lohia nagr, Buddha colony, Bamandaya pada, Sable nagar, Kapadia colony.colony, Bamandaya pada, Sable nagar, Kapadia colony.

Methodology and materials: Flow ChartMethodology and materials: Flow Chart

GIS data generationGIS data generationPrimary dataPrimary data

Basic information Basic information ::

Demographic information Demographic information ::

Health informationHealth information

Secondary dataSecondary data

No. of patients taken treatment.No. of patients taken treatment.

Hospitalized or not.Hospitalized or not.

Laboratory findings.Laboratory findings.

Diagnosis.Diagnosis.

Disease wise categorizing of patients.Disease wise categorizing of patients.

No. of deaths, direct and due to illness. No. of deaths, direct and due to illness.

Field data mapField data map

Contour MapContour Map

DEM mapDEM map

Result Result Health dataHealth data

Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms

H/EH/E-- Fever (17/33), Diarrhea (8/33), Jaundice (6/33), Others (2/33).Fever (17/33), Diarrhea (8/33), Jaundice (6/33), Others (2/33).

K/EK/E-- Fever (5/13), Diarrhea (4/13), Jaundice (4/13).Fever (5/13), Diarrhea (4/13), Jaundice (4/13).

L L -- Fever (22/47), Diarrhea (13/47), Jaundice (4/47), Others (8/47)Fever (22/47), Diarrhea (13/47), Jaundice (4/47), Others (8/47)..

DiagnosisDiagnosis

H/E H/E –– Malaria/Dengue (11/33), Typhoid (6/33), Diarrhea (8/33), JaundiMalaria/Dengue (11/33), Typhoid (6/33), Diarrhea (8/33), Jaundice (6/33),Others (2/33).ce (6/33),Others (2/33).

K/E K/E ––Malaria/Dengue (3/13), Typhoid (2/13), Diarrhea (4/13), JaundiceMalaria/Dengue (3/13), Typhoid (2/13), Diarrhea (4/13), Jaundice (4/13).(4/13).

LL-- Malaria/Dengue (13/47), Typhoid (9/47), Diarrhea (13/47), JaundMalaria/Dengue (13/47), Typhoid (9/47), Diarrhea (13/47), Jaundice (4/47), Others (8/47).ice (4/47), Others (8/47).

In all, three wards; Fever (47%), Diarrhea (26%), Jaundice (15%)In all, three wards; Fever (47%), Diarrhea (26%), Jaundice (15%) and Others (12%).and Others (12%).

In all three wards; Malaria/Dengue cases (29%), Typhoid(18%), DiIn all three wards; Malaria/Dengue cases (29%), Typhoid(18%), Diarrhea (26%), Jaundice (15%) and Others arrhea (26%), Jaundice (15%) and Others (12%).(12%).

Water level mapWater level map

FeverFever

Diarrhea Diarrhea

TyphoidTyphoid

MalariaMalaria

Dengue Dengue

JaundiceJaundice

Water level with Typhoid and MalariaWater level with Typhoid and Malaria

Water level and DiarrheaWater level and Diarrhea

Water level with Jaundice and rashWater level with Jaundice and rash

Water level and dengue and malariaWater level and dengue and malaria

Union with all diseases and water levelUnion with all diseases and water level

ConclusionConclusionPreventive measures to be taken after floodsPreventive measures to be taken after floods..Clean up after flood, Increase frequency of garbage Clean up after flood, Increase frequency of garbage clearance.clearance.

Fogging and sanitization, Spraying of insecticide.Fogging and sanitization, Spraying of insecticide.

Protecting self from mould, injuries, electric shock.Protecting self from mould, injuries, electric shock.

Drinking water safety, Boil water at least for one minute.Drinking water safety, Boil water at least for one minute.

Food safety, avoid contaminated food.Food safety, avoid contaminated food.

Increase number of temporary clinics/ health services.Increase number of temporary clinics/ health services.

Create awareness among people regarding general Create awareness among people regarding general precautions to be taken.precautions to be taken.

Thank youThank you