Application Note MATLAB Application MG3700A Vector Signal Generator
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Application Note
MATLAB Application
MG3700A Vector Signal Generator
1
Slide 1MG3700A-E-F-11
Application Note- Application -
Anritsu
January 2008(300)
Slide 2MG3700A-E-F-11
Contents
bull Introduction 3bull Modulation Basics 5bull Understanding Signal Pattern File 10bull Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
18raquo Analog Modulation 19raquo Pulse Modulation 26raquo PSK QAM 35raquo Simulink 46
bull Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer 68
2
Slide 3MG3700A-E-F-11
Introduction
bull Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools such as MATLAB and Microwave Office can save IQ simulation data to CSV text files
raquo Easy comparison between simulation and measured databull The IQproducer application software (MG3700A standard accessory)
can import user IQ sample data from CSV files into MG3700A making it useful for various applications
raquo RampD into next-generation wireless systems RFID PWM analog modulation such as AM FM and PM
Creating CSV filesof baseband signals
Processing (Simulating)signals using C program orEDA tools such as MATLAB
Converting to signalpattern files for MG3700A
FTP
User-specificSoftware
Slide 4MG3700A-E-F-11
Introduction
bull MG3700A supports Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) featuresraquo Sample rate (Fs)
ndash 20 k to 160 MHzraquo Waveform memory
ndash 2times 128 Msamplechannel (1 GB)ndash 2times 256 Msamplechannel (2 GB) with Option Memory upgrade
bull Dual baseband memoryraquo DAC resolution
ndash 14 bitsraquo Marker output
ndash 3 definable TTL
bull This document presents MATLAB usage examples
3
Slide 5MG3700A-E-F-11
Modulation Basics
bull Modulation imposes source data on a passband signal with carrier frequency ƒc by using amplitude andor phase perturbations
Signal processor Carrier circuitsData Modulated signal
Modulating signalm(t)
Baseband signalg(t)
Passband signals(t)Baseband circuits RF circuits
fm-fm
Amplitude
fc+fmfc-fm fc0 f
Basebandbandwidth
Passbandbandwidth
Slide 6MG3700A-E-F-11
Modulation Transmitter
bull AM-PMtechnique
bull Quadrature (IQ)technique
Baseband signalprocessor ƒc
m(t)
R(t) v(t)=R(t) cos[ωct+θ(t)]
Baseband circuits RF circuits
sum
θ(t)φM cos[ωct+θ(t)]
ωc=2πƒc
Baseband signalprocessor
ƒcm(t)
x(t)
v(t)=x(t) cos(ωct) - y(t) sin(ωct)
Baseband circuits RF circuits
y(t)
-π2 shift
+
-
cos(ωct)
cos(ωct)
sin(ωct)
Equivalent
)()()( 22 tytxtR +=
x(t)=R(t) cosθ(t)y(t)=R(t) sinθ(t)
I
Q
4
Slide 7MG3700A-E-F-11
Baseband Waveform
Dp Phase deviation [radV]Acsin[Dpm(t)]Accos[Dpm(t)]Dpm(t)AcPM
m1(t) = plusmn1m2(t) = plusmn1
Dƒ Frequency deviation [radVmiddots]
m(t)=micro sin(2πƒmt)micro Modulation depthƒm Modulation freq
Remark
Acm2(t)Acm1(t)QM
AcFM
0Ac[1+m(t)]0Ac[1+m(t)]AM
y(t)x(t)θ(t)R(t)Modulationscheme
IQ modulationAM-PM
int infinminus
t
f dmD σσ )(
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
)()( 22
21 tmtmAc + )(
)(tan1
21
tmtmminus
QM Quadrature Modulation
Slide 8MG3700A-E-F-11
Baseband Signal
bull Any type of modulated signal may be generated using either the AM-PM technique or quadrature technique
bull Any modulation scheme can be achieved by selecting the appropriate software algorithm
bull In a Vector Signal Generator (VSG) the passband signal s(t) is often partitioned into two channels one for x(t) called the I (in-phase) channel and one for y(t) called the Q (quadrature-phase) channel
bull In digital computer simulations of passband signals the sampling rate used in the simulation can be minimized by working with thebaseband signal instead of with the passband signal s(t) because the baseband signal is equivalent of the passband signal
5
Slide 9MG3700A-E-F-11
bull CW
bull FM
bull AM
bull PSK
Fundamental IQ Constellation
I
Q
I
Q
Magnitude R(t)
I
Q
I
QPhase shiftπ2 [rad]
Ac
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
Angular velocity[rads]
Ac
Ac
Ac
Ac
Slide 10MG3700A-E-F-11
Understanding Signal Pattern File
bull Signal pattern files consist of three dataraquo IQ dataraquo Marker dataraquo File header
User-created IQ dataand Marker data
wvdBinary file
wviText file
FTP
CF
FTP connection
HDD
Text file to binary fileLarge ltltlt File size gtgtgt Small
File header
IQ data scaled to DAC input values Download rarr
larr Extract
6
Slide 11MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data
bull The data file (wvd) contains the I and Q data points (signed 14-bit integers for each I and Q data point) Each IQ point equals onebaseband waveform point
bull The MG3700A uses a 14-bit DAC to process each of the 2-byte integer values for the I and Q data points The 14-bit DAC has a range of 0 to 16383 but MG3700A divides this range between positive and negative values
IQ data range DAC range IQ output voltagendash 8191 ----------------- 16383 ----------------- Vmax Positive (+) full scalendash 0 ----------------- 8191 ----------------- 0 Vndash -8192 ----------------- 0 ----------------- Vmin Negative (-) full scale
DACI data LPF
DACQ data LPF Q
I
Slide 12MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data Range
bull The MG3700A performance is guaranteed within IQ DAC RMS value 1157 to 1634
raquo Tunable DAC RMS value considered crest factor (peak powerRMS power)
raquo Tunable RMS power on MG3700A display
Q
+8191
+8191
-8191
-8191
+1634
+1157
0
11 dB
3 dB
210 8191log202778 asympdB
22 QI +
2210 16341634log202867 +asympdB
2210 11571157log202864 +asympdB
I
22 QI +
+1157 +1634
Margin for crest factor
7
Slide 13MG3700A-E-F-11
Marker Data
bull The marker data uses 4 bits per IQ data point to set the state of the four markers either On (1) or Off (0) for each IQ data point
bull The marker data consists of three event markers and an RF gate flag
bull When an event marker is active (On) it outputs a trigger signal at the rear-panel marker connector corresponding to active marker number 1 to 3
bull An RF gate flag is used for pulse modulation and drives the internal pulse modulator
raquo When IQ data is imported without marker data event markers are set automatically to inactive (Off) and the RF gate flag is set to active (On)
Slide 14MG3700A-E-F-11
Internal Pulse Modulator
Burst power
If the RF gate flag is not used carrier leakage occurs
Specification le -40 dBc
RF Gate flag
1
0
If the RF gate flag is used the RF output is off
Specification le -60 dBc (OnOff ratio gt 60 dB)
Power at IQ = 0
IQModulator
PulseModulatorBaseband
Generator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
I
Q
Power at RF gate flag Off
8
Slide 15MG3700A-E-F-11
Timing
bull Because markers are set at each IQ data point the marker data contains the same number of samples as IQ data points
bull The time difference between the event markers output connector and RF connector is adjusted to be within plusmn1 sample
IQModulator
PulseModulator
BasebandGenerator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
Marker 1Marker 2Marker 3
IQ1 IQ2 IQ3 hellip
hellip
IQ4
Gate1(1) Gate2(0) Gate3(1) Gate4(1) hellip
RFI
Q
Slide 16MG3700A-E-F-11
File Header
bull The data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) have the same file name The MG3700A stores the files in same package folder
bull The file header contains settings for the ARB modulation formatsuch as sample rate number of samples IQ DAC RMS value etc
raquo When the MG3700A finds unspecified header settings it either uses the default settings or the settings from previous signal pattern if a signal pattern was played previously
9
Slide 17MG3700A-E-F-11
Data File Size
bull The data file (wvd) is loaded into baseband memory meaning that the occupied memory size equals the data file size
bull A baseband waveform consists of samples One sample contains 4 bytes
raquo IQ Data + Marker Data = 1 Waveform Sample14 bits I 4 bits 4 bytes (32 bits)14 bits Q
ChannelI Q ( Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 RF gate flag)
Maximum of256000000 sample512000000 sample with Option
Sampling rate (sample per second) FsSampling frequency expressed in Hz
Sampling interval Ts=1FsTime between samples in uniform sampling
Slide 18MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
bull There are various programming environments to create ARB IQ data
Generally there are two typesraquo Simulation software (EDA tool)
ndash MATLAB Microwave Office etcraquo Advanced programming languages
ndash CC++ VB LabView etc
bull The example uses MATLAB and shows the programmable M-filesraquo M-file MATLAB program for command script
10
Slide 19MG3700A-E-F-11
Analog Modulation
bull Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create IQ data
Basic analog modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Modulation (AM)raquo Frequency Modulation (FM)raquo Phase Modulation (PM)
I
Q Modulation depth []micro = Vp Ac
Ac
I
Q
I
Q Phase shiftπ2 [rad]
Vp
AM FM PM
VpAngular velocity
[rads]
Ac
Ac Ac
Ac
Slide 20MG3700A-E-F-11
AM
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
s(t)
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulation depth micro 80 []
Envelop R(t)
Carrier
Modulated signal
m(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
1
Slide 1MG3700A-E-F-11
Application Note- Application -
Anritsu
January 2008(300)
Slide 2MG3700A-E-F-11
Contents
bull Introduction 3bull Modulation Basics 5bull Understanding Signal Pattern File 10bull Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
18raquo Analog Modulation 19raquo Pulse Modulation 26raquo PSK QAM 35raquo Simulink 46
bull Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer 68
2
Slide 3MG3700A-E-F-11
Introduction
bull Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools such as MATLAB and Microwave Office can save IQ simulation data to CSV text files
raquo Easy comparison between simulation and measured databull The IQproducer application software (MG3700A standard accessory)
can import user IQ sample data from CSV files into MG3700A making it useful for various applications
raquo RampD into next-generation wireless systems RFID PWM analog modulation such as AM FM and PM
Creating CSV filesof baseband signals
Processing (Simulating)signals using C program orEDA tools such as MATLAB
Converting to signalpattern files for MG3700A
FTP
User-specificSoftware
Slide 4MG3700A-E-F-11
Introduction
bull MG3700A supports Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) featuresraquo Sample rate (Fs)
ndash 20 k to 160 MHzraquo Waveform memory
ndash 2times 128 Msamplechannel (1 GB)ndash 2times 256 Msamplechannel (2 GB) with Option Memory upgrade
bull Dual baseband memoryraquo DAC resolution
ndash 14 bitsraquo Marker output
ndash 3 definable TTL
bull This document presents MATLAB usage examples
3
Slide 5MG3700A-E-F-11
Modulation Basics
bull Modulation imposes source data on a passband signal with carrier frequency ƒc by using amplitude andor phase perturbations
Signal processor Carrier circuitsData Modulated signal
Modulating signalm(t)
Baseband signalg(t)
Passband signals(t)Baseband circuits RF circuits
fm-fm
Amplitude
fc+fmfc-fm fc0 f
Basebandbandwidth
Passbandbandwidth
Slide 6MG3700A-E-F-11
Modulation Transmitter
bull AM-PMtechnique
bull Quadrature (IQ)technique
Baseband signalprocessor ƒc
m(t)
R(t) v(t)=R(t) cos[ωct+θ(t)]
Baseband circuits RF circuits
sum
θ(t)φM cos[ωct+θ(t)]
ωc=2πƒc
Baseband signalprocessor
ƒcm(t)
x(t)
v(t)=x(t) cos(ωct) - y(t) sin(ωct)
Baseband circuits RF circuits
y(t)
-π2 shift
+
-
cos(ωct)
cos(ωct)
sin(ωct)
Equivalent
)()()( 22 tytxtR +=
x(t)=R(t) cosθ(t)y(t)=R(t) sinθ(t)
I
Q
4
Slide 7MG3700A-E-F-11
Baseband Waveform
Dp Phase deviation [radV]Acsin[Dpm(t)]Accos[Dpm(t)]Dpm(t)AcPM
m1(t) = plusmn1m2(t) = plusmn1
Dƒ Frequency deviation [radVmiddots]
m(t)=micro sin(2πƒmt)micro Modulation depthƒm Modulation freq
Remark
Acm2(t)Acm1(t)QM
AcFM
0Ac[1+m(t)]0Ac[1+m(t)]AM
y(t)x(t)θ(t)R(t)Modulationscheme
IQ modulationAM-PM
int infinminus
t
f dmD σσ )(
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
)()( 22
21 tmtmAc + )(
)(tan1
21
tmtmminus
QM Quadrature Modulation
Slide 8MG3700A-E-F-11
Baseband Signal
bull Any type of modulated signal may be generated using either the AM-PM technique or quadrature technique
bull Any modulation scheme can be achieved by selecting the appropriate software algorithm
bull In a Vector Signal Generator (VSG) the passband signal s(t) is often partitioned into two channels one for x(t) called the I (in-phase) channel and one for y(t) called the Q (quadrature-phase) channel
bull In digital computer simulations of passband signals the sampling rate used in the simulation can be minimized by working with thebaseband signal instead of with the passband signal s(t) because the baseband signal is equivalent of the passband signal
5
Slide 9MG3700A-E-F-11
bull CW
bull FM
bull AM
bull PSK
Fundamental IQ Constellation
I
Q
I
Q
Magnitude R(t)
I
Q
I
QPhase shiftπ2 [rad]
Ac
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
Angular velocity[rads]
Ac
Ac
Ac
Ac
Slide 10MG3700A-E-F-11
Understanding Signal Pattern File
bull Signal pattern files consist of three dataraquo IQ dataraquo Marker dataraquo File header
User-created IQ dataand Marker data
wvdBinary file
wviText file
FTP
CF
FTP connection
HDD
Text file to binary fileLarge ltltlt File size gtgtgt Small
File header
IQ data scaled to DAC input values Download rarr
larr Extract
6
Slide 11MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data
bull The data file (wvd) contains the I and Q data points (signed 14-bit integers for each I and Q data point) Each IQ point equals onebaseband waveform point
bull The MG3700A uses a 14-bit DAC to process each of the 2-byte integer values for the I and Q data points The 14-bit DAC has a range of 0 to 16383 but MG3700A divides this range between positive and negative values
IQ data range DAC range IQ output voltagendash 8191 ----------------- 16383 ----------------- Vmax Positive (+) full scalendash 0 ----------------- 8191 ----------------- 0 Vndash -8192 ----------------- 0 ----------------- Vmin Negative (-) full scale
DACI data LPF
DACQ data LPF Q
I
Slide 12MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data Range
bull The MG3700A performance is guaranteed within IQ DAC RMS value 1157 to 1634
raquo Tunable DAC RMS value considered crest factor (peak powerRMS power)
raquo Tunable RMS power on MG3700A display
Q
+8191
+8191
-8191
-8191
+1634
+1157
0
11 dB
3 dB
210 8191log202778 asympdB
22 QI +
2210 16341634log202867 +asympdB
2210 11571157log202864 +asympdB
I
22 QI +
+1157 +1634
Margin for crest factor
7
Slide 13MG3700A-E-F-11
Marker Data
bull The marker data uses 4 bits per IQ data point to set the state of the four markers either On (1) or Off (0) for each IQ data point
bull The marker data consists of three event markers and an RF gate flag
bull When an event marker is active (On) it outputs a trigger signal at the rear-panel marker connector corresponding to active marker number 1 to 3
bull An RF gate flag is used for pulse modulation and drives the internal pulse modulator
raquo When IQ data is imported without marker data event markers are set automatically to inactive (Off) and the RF gate flag is set to active (On)
Slide 14MG3700A-E-F-11
Internal Pulse Modulator
Burst power
If the RF gate flag is not used carrier leakage occurs
Specification le -40 dBc
RF Gate flag
1
0
If the RF gate flag is used the RF output is off
Specification le -60 dBc (OnOff ratio gt 60 dB)
Power at IQ = 0
IQModulator
PulseModulatorBaseband
Generator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
I
Q
Power at RF gate flag Off
8
Slide 15MG3700A-E-F-11
Timing
bull Because markers are set at each IQ data point the marker data contains the same number of samples as IQ data points
bull The time difference between the event markers output connector and RF connector is adjusted to be within plusmn1 sample
IQModulator
PulseModulator
BasebandGenerator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
Marker 1Marker 2Marker 3
IQ1 IQ2 IQ3 hellip
hellip
IQ4
Gate1(1) Gate2(0) Gate3(1) Gate4(1) hellip
RFI
Q
Slide 16MG3700A-E-F-11
File Header
bull The data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) have the same file name The MG3700A stores the files in same package folder
bull The file header contains settings for the ARB modulation formatsuch as sample rate number of samples IQ DAC RMS value etc
raquo When the MG3700A finds unspecified header settings it either uses the default settings or the settings from previous signal pattern if a signal pattern was played previously
9
Slide 17MG3700A-E-F-11
Data File Size
bull The data file (wvd) is loaded into baseband memory meaning that the occupied memory size equals the data file size
bull A baseband waveform consists of samples One sample contains 4 bytes
raquo IQ Data + Marker Data = 1 Waveform Sample14 bits I 4 bits 4 bytes (32 bits)14 bits Q
ChannelI Q ( Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 RF gate flag)
Maximum of256000000 sample512000000 sample with Option
Sampling rate (sample per second) FsSampling frequency expressed in Hz
Sampling interval Ts=1FsTime between samples in uniform sampling
Slide 18MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
bull There are various programming environments to create ARB IQ data
Generally there are two typesraquo Simulation software (EDA tool)
ndash MATLAB Microwave Office etcraquo Advanced programming languages
ndash CC++ VB LabView etc
bull The example uses MATLAB and shows the programmable M-filesraquo M-file MATLAB program for command script
10
Slide 19MG3700A-E-F-11
Analog Modulation
bull Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create IQ data
Basic analog modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Modulation (AM)raquo Frequency Modulation (FM)raquo Phase Modulation (PM)
I
Q Modulation depth []micro = Vp Ac
Ac
I
Q
I
Q Phase shiftπ2 [rad]
Vp
AM FM PM
VpAngular velocity
[rads]
Ac
Ac Ac
Ac
Slide 20MG3700A-E-F-11
AM
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
s(t)
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulation depth micro 80 []
Envelop R(t)
Carrier
Modulated signal
m(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
2
Slide 3MG3700A-E-F-11
Introduction
bull Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools such as MATLAB and Microwave Office can save IQ simulation data to CSV text files
raquo Easy comparison between simulation and measured databull The IQproducer application software (MG3700A standard accessory)
can import user IQ sample data from CSV files into MG3700A making it useful for various applications
raquo RampD into next-generation wireless systems RFID PWM analog modulation such as AM FM and PM
Creating CSV filesof baseband signals
Processing (Simulating)signals using C program orEDA tools such as MATLAB
Converting to signalpattern files for MG3700A
FTP
User-specificSoftware
Slide 4MG3700A-E-F-11
Introduction
bull MG3700A supports Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) featuresraquo Sample rate (Fs)
ndash 20 k to 160 MHzraquo Waveform memory
ndash 2times 128 Msamplechannel (1 GB)ndash 2times 256 Msamplechannel (2 GB) with Option Memory upgrade
bull Dual baseband memoryraquo DAC resolution
ndash 14 bitsraquo Marker output
ndash 3 definable TTL
bull This document presents MATLAB usage examples
3
Slide 5MG3700A-E-F-11
Modulation Basics
bull Modulation imposes source data on a passband signal with carrier frequency ƒc by using amplitude andor phase perturbations
Signal processor Carrier circuitsData Modulated signal
Modulating signalm(t)
Baseband signalg(t)
Passband signals(t)Baseband circuits RF circuits
fm-fm
Amplitude
fc+fmfc-fm fc0 f
Basebandbandwidth
Passbandbandwidth
Slide 6MG3700A-E-F-11
Modulation Transmitter
bull AM-PMtechnique
bull Quadrature (IQ)technique
Baseband signalprocessor ƒc
m(t)
R(t) v(t)=R(t) cos[ωct+θ(t)]
Baseband circuits RF circuits
sum
θ(t)φM cos[ωct+θ(t)]
ωc=2πƒc
Baseband signalprocessor
ƒcm(t)
x(t)
v(t)=x(t) cos(ωct) - y(t) sin(ωct)
Baseband circuits RF circuits
y(t)
-π2 shift
+
-
cos(ωct)
cos(ωct)
sin(ωct)
Equivalent
)()()( 22 tytxtR +=
x(t)=R(t) cosθ(t)y(t)=R(t) sinθ(t)
I
Q
4
Slide 7MG3700A-E-F-11
Baseband Waveform
Dp Phase deviation [radV]Acsin[Dpm(t)]Accos[Dpm(t)]Dpm(t)AcPM
m1(t) = plusmn1m2(t) = plusmn1
Dƒ Frequency deviation [radVmiddots]
m(t)=micro sin(2πƒmt)micro Modulation depthƒm Modulation freq
Remark
Acm2(t)Acm1(t)QM
AcFM
0Ac[1+m(t)]0Ac[1+m(t)]AM
y(t)x(t)θ(t)R(t)Modulationscheme
IQ modulationAM-PM
int infinminus
t
f dmD σσ )(
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
)()( 22
21 tmtmAc + )(
)(tan1
21
tmtmminus
QM Quadrature Modulation
Slide 8MG3700A-E-F-11
Baseband Signal
bull Any type of modulated signal may be generated using either the AM-PM technique or quadrature technique
bull Any modulation scheme can be achieved by selecting the appropriate software algorithm
bull In a Vector Signal Generator (VSG) the passband signal s(t) is often partitioned into two channels one for x(t) called the I (in-phase) channel and one for y(t) called the Q (quadrature-phase) channel
bull In digital computer simulations of passband signals the sampling rate used in the simulation can be minimized by working with thebaseband signal instead of with the passband signal s(t) because the baseband signal is equivalent of the passband signal
5
Slide 9MG3700A-E-F-11
bull CW
bull FM
bull AM
bull PSK
Fundamental IQ Constellation
I
Q
I
Q
Magnitude R(t)
I
Q
I
QPhase shiftπ2 [rad]
Ac
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
Angular velocity[rads]
Ac
Ac
Ac
Ac
Slide 10MG3700A-E-F-11
Understanding Signal Pattern File
bull Signal pattern files consist of three dataraquo IQ dataraquo Marker dataraquo File header
User-created IQ dataand Marker data
wvdBinary file
wviText file
FTP
CF
FTP connection
HDD
Text file to binary fileLarge ltltlt File size gtgtgt Small
File header
IQ data scaled to DAC input values Download rarr
larr Extract
6
Slide 11MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data
bull The data file (wvd) contains the I and Q data points (signed 14-bit integers for each I and Q data point) Each IQ point equals onebaseband waveform point
bull The MG3700A uses a 14-bit DAC to process each of the 2-byte integer values for the I and Q data points The 14-bit DAC has a range of 0 to 16383 but MG3700A divides this range between positive and negative values
IQ data range DAC range IQ output voltagendash 8191 ----------------- 16383 ----------------- Vmax Positive (+) full scalendash 0 ----------------- 8191 ----------------- 0 Vndash -8192 ----------------- 0 ----------------- Vmin Negative (-) full scale
DACI data LPF
DACQ data LPF Q
I
Slide 12MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data Range
bull The MG3700A performance is guaranteed within IQ DAC RMS value 1157 to 1634
raquo Tunable DAC RMS value considered crest factor (peak powerRMS power)
raquo Tunable RMS power on MG3700A display
Q
+8191
+8191
-8191
-8191
+1634
+1157
0
11 dB
3 dB
210 8191log202778 asympdB
22 QI +
2210 16341634log202867 +asympdB
2210 11571157log202864 +asympdB
I
22 QI +
+1157 +1634
Margin for crest factor
7
Slide 13MG3700A-E-F-11
Marker Data
bull The marker data uses 4 bits per IQ data point to set the state of the four markers either On (1) or Off (0) for each IQ data point
bull The marker data consists of three event markers and an RF gate flag
bull When an event marker is active (On) it outputs a trigger signal at the rear-panel marker connector corresponding to active marker number 1 to 3
bull An RF gate flag is used for pulse modulation and drives the internal pulse modulator
raquo When IQ data is imported without marker data event markers are set automatically to inactive (Off) and the RF gate flag is set to active (On)
Slide 14MG3700A-E-F-11
Internal Pulse Modulator
Burst power
If the RF gate flag is not used carrier leakage occurs
Specification le -40 dBc
RF Gate flag
1
0
If the RF gate flag is used the RF output is off
Specification le -60 dBc (OnOff ratio gt 60 dB)
Power at IQ = 0
IQModulator
PulseModulatorBaseband
Generator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
I
Q
Power at RF gate flag Off
8
Slide 15MG3700A-E-F-11
Timing
bull Because markers are set at each IQ data point the marker data contains the same number of samples as IQ data points
bull The time difference between the event markers output connector and RF connector is adjusted to be within plusmn1 sample
IQModulator
PulseModulator
BasebandGenerator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
Marker 1Marker 2Marker 3
IQ1 IQ2 IQ3 hellip
hellip
IQ4
Gate1(1) Gate2(0) Gate3(1) Gate4(1) hellip
RFI
Q
Slide 16MG3700A-E-F-11
File Header
bull The data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) have the same file name The MG3700A stores the files in same package folder
bull The file header contains settings for the ARB modulation formatsuch as sample rate number of samples IQ DAC RMS value etc
raquo When the MG3700A finds unspecified header settings it either uses the default settings or the settings from previous signal pattern if a signal pattern was played previously
9
Slide 17MG3700A-E-F-11
Data File Size
bull The data file (wvd) is loaded into baseband memory meaning that the occupied memory size equals the data file size
bull A baseband waveform consists of samples One sample contains 4 bytes
raquo IQ Data + Marker Data = 1 Waveform Sample14 bits I 4 bits 4 bytes (32 bits)14 bits Q
ChannelI Q ( Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 RF gate flag)
Maximum of256000000 sample512000000 sample with Option
Sampling rate (sample per second) FsSampling frequency expressed in Hz
Sampling interval Ts=1FsTime between samples in uniform sampling
Slide 18MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
bull There are various programming environments to create ARB IQ data
Generally there are two typesraquo Simulation software (EDA tool)
ndash MATLAB Microwave Office etcraquo Advanced programming languages
ndash CC++ VB LabView etc
bull The example uses MATLAB and shows the programmable M-filesraquo M-file MATLAB program for command script
10
Slide 19MG3700A-E-F-11
Analog Modulation
bull Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create IQ data
Basic analog modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Modulation (AM)raquo Frequency Modulation (FM)raquo Phase Modulation (PM)
I
Q Modulation depth []micro = Vp Ac
Ac
I
Q
I
Q Phase shiftπ2 [rad]
Vp
AM FM PM
VpAngular velocity
[rads]
Ac
Ac Ac
Ac
Slide 20MG3700A-E-F-11
AM
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
s(t)
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulation depth micro 80 []
Envelop R(t)
Carrier
Modulated signal
m(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
3
Slide 5MG3700A-E-F-11
Modulation Basics
bull Modulation imposes source data on a passband signal with carrier frequency ƒc by using amplitude andor phase perturbations
Signal processor Carrier circuitsData Modulated signal
Modulating signalm(t)
Baseband signalg(t)
Passband signals(t)Baseband circuits RF circuits
fm-fm
Amplitude
fc+fmfc-fm fc0 f
Basebandbandwidth
Passbandbandwidth
Slide 6MG3700A-E-F-11
Modulation Transmitter
bull AM-PMtechnique
bull Quadrature (IQ)technique
Baseband signalprocessor ƒc
m(t)
R(t) v(t)=R(t) cos[ωct+θ(t)]
Baseband circuits RF circuits
sum
θ(t)φM cos[ωct+θ(t)]
ωc=2πƒc
Baseband signalprocessor
ƒcm(t)
x(t)
v(t)=x(t) cos(ωct) - y(t) sin(ωct)
Baseband circuits RF circuits
y(t)
-π2 shift
+
-
cos(ωct)
cos(ωct)
sin(ωct)
Equivalent
)()()( 22 tytxtR +=
x(t)=R(t) cosθ(t)y(t)=R(t) sinθ(t)
I
Q
4
Slide 7MG3700A-E-F-11
Baseband Waveform
Dp Phase deviation [radV]Acsin[Dpm(t)]Accos[Dpm(t)]Dpm(t)AcPM
m1(t) = plusmn1m2(t) = plusmn1
Dƒ Frequency deviation [radVmiddots]
m(t)=micro sin(2πƒmt)micro Modulation depthƒm Modulation freq
Remark
Acm2(t)Acm1(t)QM
AcFM
0Ac[1+m(t)]0Ac[1+m(t)]AM
y(t)x(t)θ(t)R(t)Modulationscheme
IQ modulationAM-PM
int infinminus
t
f dmD σσ )(
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
)()( 22
21 tmtmAc + )(
)(tan1
21
tmtmminus
QM Quadrature Modulation
Slide 8MG3700A-E-F-11
Baseband Signal
bull Any type of modulated signal may be generated using either the AM-PM technique or quadrature technique
bull Any modulation scheme can be achieved by selecting the appropriate software algorithm
bull In a Vector Signal Generator (VSG) the passband signal s(t) is often partitioned into two channels one for x(t) called the I (in-phase) channel and one for y(t) called the Q (quadrature-phase) channel
bull In digital computer simulations of passband signals the sampling rate used in the simulation can be minimized by working with thebaseband signal instead of with the passband signal s(t) because the baseband signal is equivalent of the passband signal
5
Slide 9MG3700A-E-F-11
bull CW
bull FM
bull AM
bull PSK
Fundamental IQ Constellation
I
Q
I
Q
Magnitude R(t)
I
Q
I
QPhase shiftπ2 [rad]
Ac
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
Angular velocity[rads]
Ac
Ac
Ac
Ac
Slide 10MG3700A-E-F-11
Understanding Signal Pattern File
bull Signal pattern files consist of three dataraquo IQ dataraquo Marker dataraquo File header
User-created IQ dataand Marker data
wvdBinary file
wviText file
FTP
CF
FTP connection
HDD
Text file to binary fileLarge ltltlt File size gtgtgt Small
File header
IQ data scaled to DAC input values Download rarr
larr Extract
6
Slide 11MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data
bull The data file (wvd) contains the I and Q data points (signed 14-bit integers for each I and Q data point) Each IQ point equals onebaseband waveform point
bull The MG3700A uses a 14-bit DAC to process each of the 2-byte integer values for the I and Q data points The 14-bit DAC has a range of 0 to 16383 but MG3700A divides this range between positive and negative values
IQ data range DAC range IQ output voltagendash 8191 ----------------- 16383 ----------------- Vmax Positive (+) full scalendash 0 ----------------- 8191 ----------------- 0 Vndash -8192 ----------------- 0 ----------------- Vmin Negative (-) full scale
DACI data LPF
DACQ data LPF Q
I
Slide 12MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data Range
bull The MG3700A performance is guaranteed within IQ DAC RMS value 1157 to 1634
raquo Tunable DAC RMS value considered crest factor (peak powerRMS power)
raquo Tunable RMS power on MG3700A display
Q
+8191
+8191
-8191
-8191
+1634
+1157
0
11 dB
3 dB
210 8191log202778 asympdB
22 QI +
2210 16341634log202867 +asympdB
2210 11571157log202864 +asympdB
I
22 QI +
+1157 +1634
Margin for crest factor
7
Slide 13MG3700A-E-F-11
Marker Data
bull The marker data uses 4 bits per IQ data point to set the state of the four markers either On (1) or Off (0) for each IQ data point
bull The marker data consists of three event markers and an RF gate flag
bull When an event marker is active (On) it outputs a trigger signal at the rear-panel marker connector corresponding to active marker number 1 to 3
bull An RF gate flag is used for pulse modulation and drives the internal pulse modulator
raquo When IQ data is imported without marker data event markers are set automatically to inactive (Off) and the RF gate flag is set to active (On)
Slide 14MG3700A-E-F-11
Internal Pulse Modulator
Burst power
If the RF gate flag is not used carrier leakage occurs
Specification le -40 dBc
RF Gate flag
1
0
If the RF gate flag is used the RF output is off
Specification le -60 dBc (OnOff ratio gt 60 dB)
Power at IQ = 0
IQModulator
PulseModulatorBaseband
Generator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
I
Q
Power at RF gate flag Off
8
Slide 15MG3700A-E-F-11
Timing
bull Because markers are set at each IQ data point the marker data contains the same number of samples as IQ data points
bull The time difference between the event markers output connector and RF connector is adjusted to be within plusmn1 sample
IQModulator
PulseModulator
BasebandGenerator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
Marker 1Marker 2Marker 3
IQ1 IQ2 IQ3 hellip
hellip
IQ4
Gate1(1) Gate2(0) Gate3(1) Gate4(1) hellip
RFI
Q
Slide 16MG3700A-E-F-11
File Header
bull The data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) have the same file name The MG3700A stores the files in same package folder
bull The file header contains settings for the ARB modulation formatsuch as sample rate number of samples IQ DAC RMS value etc
raquo When the MG3700A finds unspecified header settings it either uses the default settings or the settings from previous signal pattern if a signal pattern was played previously
9
Slide 17MG3700A-E-F-11
Data File Size
bull The data file (wvd) is loaded into baseband memory meaning that the occupied memory size equals the data file size
bull A baseband waveform consists of samples One sample contains 4 bytes
raquo IQ Data + Marker Data = 1 Waveform Sample14 bits I 4 bits 4 bytes (32 bits)14 bits Q
ChannelI Q ( Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 RF gate flag)
Maximum of256000000 sample512000000 sample with Option
Sampling rate (sample per second) FsSampling frequency expressed in Hz
Sampling interval Ts=1FsTime between samples in uniform sampling
Slide 18MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
bull There are various programming environments to create ARB IQ data
Generally there are two typesraquo Simulation software (EDA tool)
ndash MATLAB Microwave Office etcraquo Advanced programming languages
ndash CC++ VB LabView etc
bull The example uses MATLAB and shows the programmable M-filesraquo M-file MATLAB program for command script
10
Slide 19MG3700A-E-F-11
Analog Modulation
bull Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create IQ data
Basic analog modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Modulation (AM)raquo Frequency Modulation (FM)raquo Phase Modulation (PM)
I
Q Modulation depth []micro = Vp Ac
Ac
I
Q
I
Q Phase shiftπ2 [rad]
Vp
AM FM PM
VpAngular velocity
[rads]
Ac
Ac Ac
Ac
Slide 20MG3700A-E-F-11
AM
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
s(t)
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulation depth micro 80 []
Envelop R(t)
Carrier
Modulated signal
m(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
4
Slide 7MG3700A-E-F-11
Baseband Waveform
Dp Phase deviation [radV]Acsin[Dpm(t)]Accos[Dpm(t)]Dpm(t)AcPM
m1(t) = plusmn1m2(t) = plusmn1
Dƒ Frequency deviation [radVmiddots]
m(t)=micro sin(2πƒmt)micro Modulation depthƒm Modulation freq
Remark
Acm2(t)Acm1(t)QM
AcFM
0Ac[1+m(t)]0Ac[1+m(t)]AM
y(t)x(t)θ(t)R(t)Modulationscheme
IQ modulationAM-PM
int infinminus
t
f dmD σσ )(
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
)()( 22
21 tmtmAc + )(
)(tan1
21
tmtmminus
QM Quadrature Modulation
Slide 8MG3700A-E-F-11
Baseband Signal
bull Any type of modulated signal may be generated using either the AM-PM technique or quadrature technique
bull Any modulation scheme can be achieved by selecting the appropriate software algorithm
bull In a Vector Signal Generator (VSG) the passband signal s(t) is often partitioned into two channels one for x(t) called the I (in-phase) channel and one for y(t) called the Q (quadrature-phase) channel
bull In digital computer simulations of passband signals the sampling rate used in the simulation can be minimized by working with thebaseband signal instead of with the passband signal s(t) because the baseband signal is equivalent of the passband signal
5
Slide 9MG3700A-E-F-11
bull CW
bull FM
bull AM
bull PSK
Fundamental IQ Constellation
I
Q
I
Q
Magnitude R(t)
I
Q
I
QPhase shiftπ2 [rad]
Ac
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
Angular velocity[rads]
Ac
Ac
Ac
Ac
Slide 10MG3700A-E-F-11
Understanding Signal Pattern File
bull Signal pattern files consist of three dataraquo IQ dataraquo Marker dataraquo File header
User-created IQ dataand Marker data
wvdBinary file
wviText file
FTP
CF
FTP connection
HDD
Text file to binary fileLarge ltltlt File size gtgtgt Small
File header
IQ data scaled to DAC input values Download rarr
larr Extract
6
Slide 11MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data
bull The data file (wvd) contains the I and Q data points (signed 14-bit integers for each I and Q data point) Each IQ point equals onebaseband waveform point
bull The MG3700A uses a 14-bit DAC to process each of the 2-byte integer values for the I and Q data points The 14-bit DAC has a range of 0 to 16383 but MG3700A divides this range between positive and negative values
IQ data range DAC range IQ output voltagendash 8191 ----------------- 16383 ----------------- Vmax Positive (+) full scalendash 0 ----------------- 8191 ----------------- 0 Vndash -8192 ----------------- 0 ----------------- Vmin Negative (-) full scale
DACI data LPF
DACQ data LPF Q
I
Slide 12MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data Range
bull The MG3700A performance is guaranteed within IQ DAC RMS value 1157 to 1634
raquo Tunable DAC RMS value considered crest factor (peak powerRMS power)
raquo Tunable RMS power on MG3700A display
Q
+8191
+8191
-8191
-8191
+1634
+1157
0
11 dB
3 dB
210 8191log202778 asympdB
22 QI +
2210 16341634log202867 +asympdB
2210 11571157log202864 +asympdB
I
22 QI +
+1157 +1634
Margin for crest factor
7
Slide 13MG3700A-E-F-11
Marker Data
bull The marker data uses 4 bits per IQ data point to set the state of the four markers either On (1) or Off (0) for each IQ data point
bull The marker data consists of three event markers and an RF gate flag
bull When an event marker is active (On) it outputs a trigger signal at the rear-panel marker connector corresponding to active marker number 1 to 3
bull An RF gate flag is used for pulse modulation and drives the internal pulse modulator
raquo When IQ data is imported without marker data event markers are set automatically to inactive (Off) and the RF gate flag is set to active (On)
Slide 14MG3700A-E-F-11
Internal Pulse Modulator
Burst power
If the RF gate flag is not used carrier leakage occurs
Specification le -40 dBc
RF Gate flag
1
0
If the RF gate flag is used the RF output is off
Specification le -60 dBc (OnOff ratio gt 60 dB)
Power at IQ = 0
IQModulator
PulseModulatorBaseband
Generator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
I
Q
Power at RF gate flag Off
8
Slide 15MG3700A-E-F-11
Timing
bull Because markers are set at each IQ data point the marker data contains the same number of samples as IQ data points
bull The time difference between the event markers output connector and RF connector is adjusted to be within plusmn1 sample
IQModulator
PulseModulator
BasebandGenerator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
Marker 1Marker 2Marker 3
IQ1 IQ2 IQ3 hellip
hellip
IQ4
Gate1(1) Gate2(0) Gate3(1) Gate4(1) hellip
RFI
Q
Slide 16MG3700A-E-F-11
File Header
bull The data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) have the same file name The MG3700A stores the files in same package folder
bull The file header contains settings for the ARB modulation formatsuch as sample rate number of samples IQ DAC RMS value etc
raquo When the MG3700A finds unspecified header settings it either uses the default settings or the settings from previous signal pattern if a signal pattern was played previously
9
Slide 17MG3700A-E-F-11
Data File Size
bull The data file (wvd) is loaded into baseband memory meaning that the occupied memory size equals the data file size
bull A baseband waveform consists of samples One sample contains 4 bytes
raquo IQ Data + Marker Data = 1 Waveform Sample14 bits I 4 bits 4 bytes (32 bits)14 bits Q
ChannelI Q ( Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 RF gate flag)
Maximum of256000000 sample512000000 sample with Option
Sampling rate (sample per second) FsSampling frequency expressed in Hz
Sampling interval Ts=1FsTime between samples in uniform sampling
Slide 18MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
bull There are various programming environments to create ARB IQ data
Generally there are two typesraquo Simulation software (EDA tool)
ndash MATLAB Microwave Office etcraquo Advanced programming languages
ndash CC++ VB LabView etc
bull The example uses MATLAB and shows the programmable M-filesraquo M-file MATLAB program for command script
10
Slide 19MG3700A-E-F-11
Analog Modulation
bull Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create IQ data
Basic analog modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Modulation (AM)raquo Frequency Modulation (FM)raquo Phase Modulation (PM)
I
Q Modulation depth []micro = Vp Ac
Ac
I
Q
I
Q Phase shiftπ2 [rad]
Vp
AM FM PM
VpAngular velocity
[rads]
Ac
Ac Ac
Ac
Slide 20MG3700A-E-F-11
AM
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
s(t)
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulation depth micro 80 []
Envelop R(t)
Carrier
Modulated signal
m(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
5
Slide 9MG3700A-E-F-11
bull CW
bull FM
bull AM
bull PSK
Fundamental IQ Constellation
I
Q
I
Q
Magnitude R(t)
I
Q
I
QPhase shiftπ2 [rad]
Ac
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
Angular velocity[rads]
Ac
Ac
Ac
Ac
Slide 10MG3700A-E-F-11
Understanding Signal Pattern File
bull Signal pattern files consist of three dataraquo IQ dataraquo Marker dataraquo File header
User-created IQ dataand Marker data
wvdBinary file
wviText file
FTP
CF
FTP connection
HDD
Text file to binary fileLarge ltltlt File size gtgtgt Small
File header
IQ data scaled to DAC input values Download rarr
larr Extract
6
Slide 11MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data
bull The data file (wvd) contains the I and Q data points (signed 14-bit integers for each I and Q data point) Each IQ point equals onebaseband waveform point
bull The MG3700A uses a 14-bit DAC to process each of the 2-byte integer values for the I and Q data points The 14-bit DAC has a range of 0 to 16383 but MG3700A divides this range between positive and negative values
IQ data range DAC range IQ output voltagendash 8191 ----------------- 16383 ----------------- Vmax Positive (+) full scalendash 0 ----------------- 8191 ----------------- 0 Vndash -8192 ----------------- 0 ----------------- Vmin Negative (-) full scale
DACI data LPF
DACQ data LPF Q
I
Slide 12MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data Range
bull The MG3700A performance is guaranteed within IQ DAC RMS value 1157 to 1634
raquo Tunable DAC RMS value considered crest factor (peak powerRMS power)
raquo Tunable RMS power on MG3700A display
Q
+8191
+8191
-8191
-8191
+1634
+1157
0
11 dB
3 dB
210 8191log202778 asympdB
22 QI +
2210 16341634log202867 +asympdB
2210 11571157log202864 +asympdB
I
22 QI +
+1157 +1634
Margin for crest factor
7
Slide 13MG3700A-E-F-11
Marker Data
bull The marker data uses 4 bits per IQ data point to set the state of the four markers either On (1) or Off (0) for each IQ data point
bull The marker data consists of three event markers and an RF gate flag
bull When an event marker is active (On) it outputs a trigger signal at the rear-panel marker connector corresponding to active marker number 1 to 3
bull An RF gate flag is used for pulse modulation and drives the internal pulse modulator
raquo When IQ data is imported without marker data event markers are set automatically to inactive (Off) and the RF gate flag is set to active (On)
Slide 14MG3700A-E-F-11
Internal Pulse Modulator
Burst power
If the RF gate flag is not used carrier leakage occurs
Specification le -40 dBc
RF Gate flag
1
0
If the RF gate flag is used the RF output is off
Specification le -60 dBc (OnOff ratio gt 60 dB)
Power at IQ = 0
IQModulator
PulseModulatorBaseband
Generator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
I
Q
Power at RF gate flag Off
8
Slide 15MG3700A-E-F-11
Timing
bull Because markers are set at each IQ data point the marker data contains the same number of samples as IQ data points
bull The time difference between the event markers output connector and RF connector is adjusted to be within plusmn1 sample
IQModulator
PulseModulator
BasebandGenerator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
Marker 1Marker 2Marker 3
IQ1 IQ2 IQ3 hellip
hellip
IQ4
Gate1(1) Gate2(0) Gate3(1) Gate4(1) hellip
RFI
Q
Slide 16MG3700A-E-F-11
File Header
bull The data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) have the same file name The MG3700A stores the files in same package folder
bull The file header contains settings for the ARB modulation formatsuch as sample rate number of samples IQ DAC RMS value etc
raquo When the MG3700A finds unspecified header settings it either uses the default settings or the settings from previous signal pattern if a signal pattern was played previously
9
Slide 17MG3700A-E-F-11
Data File Size
bull The data file (wvd) is loaded into baseband memory meaning that the occupied memory size equals the data file size
bull A baseband waveform consists of samples One sample contains 4 bytes
raquo IQ Data + Marker Data = 1 Waveform Sample14 bits I 4 bits 4 bytes (32 bits)14 bits Q
ChannelI Q ( Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 RF gate flag)
Maximum of256000000 sample512000000 sample with Option
Sampling rate (sample per second) FsSampling frequency expressed in Hz
Sampling interval Ts=1FsTime between samples in uniform sampling
Slide 18MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
bull There are various programming environments to create ARB IQ data
Generally there are two typesraquo Simulation software (EDA tool)
ndash MATLAB Microwave Office etcraquo Advanced programming languages
ndash CC++ VB LabView etc
bull The example uses MATLAB and shows the programmable M-filesraquo M-file MATLAB program for command script
10
Slide 19MG3700A-E-F-11
Analog Modulation
bull Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create IQ data
Basic analog modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Modulation (AM)raquo Frequency Modulation (FM)raquo Phase Modulation (PM)
I
Q Modulation depth []micro = Vp Ac
Ac
I
Q
I
Q Phase shiftπ2 [rad]
Vp
AM FM PM
VpAngular velocity
[rads]
Ac
Ac Ac
Ac
Slide 20MG3700A-E-F-11
AM
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
s(t)
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulation depth micro 80 []
Envelop R(t)
Carrier
Modulated signal
m(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
6
Slide 11MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data
bull The data file (wvd) contains the I and Q data points (signed 14-bit integers for each I and Q data point) Each IQ point equals onebaseband waveform point
bull The MG3700A uses a 14-bit DAC to process each of the 2-byte integer values for the I and Q data points The 14-bit DAC has a range of 0 to 16383 but MG3700A divides this range between positive and negative values
IQ data range DAC range IQ output voltagendash 8191 ----------------- 16383 ----------------- Vmax Positive (+) full scalendash 0 ----------------- 8191 ----------------- 0 Vndash -8192 ----------------- 0 ----------------- Vmin Negative (-) full scale
DACI data LPF
DACQ data LPF Q
I
Slide 12MG3700A-E-F-11
IQ Data Range
bull The MG3700A performance is guaranteed within IQ DAC RMS value 1157 to 1634
raquo Tunable DAC RMS value considered crest factor (peak powerRMS power)
raquo Tunable RMS power on MG3700A display
Q
+8191
+8191
-8191
-8191
+1634
+1157
0
11 dB
3 dB
210 8191log202778 asympdB
22 QI +
2210 16341634log202867 +asympdB
2210 11571157log202864 +asympdB
I
22 QI +
+1157 +1634
Margin for crest factor
7
Slide 13MG3700A-E-F-11
Marker Data
bull The marker data uses 4 bits per IQ data point to set the state of the four markers either On (1) or Off (0) for each IQ data point
bull The marker data consists of three event markers and an RF gate flag
bull When an event marker is active (On) it outputs a trigger signal at the rear-panel marker connector corresponding to active marker number 1 to 3
bull An RF gate flag is used for pulse modulation and drives the internal pulse modulator
raquo When IQ data is imported without marker data event markers are set automatically to inactive (Off) and the RF gate flag is set to active (On)
Slide 14MG3700A-E-F-11
Internal Pulse Modulator
Burst power
If the RF gate flag is not used carrier leakage occurs
Specification le -40 dBc
RF Gate flag
1
0
If the RF gate flag is used the RF output is off
Specification le -60 dBc (OnOff ratio gt 60 dB)
Power at IQ = 0
IQModulator
PulseModulatorBaseband
Generator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
I
Q
Power at RF gate flag Off
8
Slide 15MG3700A-E-F-11
Timing
bull Because markers are set at each IQ data point the marker data contains the same number of samples as IQ data points
bull The time difference between the event markers output connector and RF connector is adjusted to be within plusmn1 sample
IQModulator
PulseModulator
BasebandGenerator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
Marker 1Marker 2Marker 3
IQ1 IQ2 IQ3 hellip
hellip
IQ4
Gate1(1) Gate2(0) Gate3(1) Gate4(1) hellip
RFI
Q
Slide 16MG3700A-E-F-11
File Header
bull The data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) have the same file name The MG3700A stores the files in same package folder
bull The file header contains settings for the ARB modulation formatsuch as sample rate number of samples IQ DAC RMS value etc
raquo When the MG3700A finds unspecified header settings it either uses the default settings or the settings from previous signal pattern if a signal pattern was played previously
9
Slide 17MG3700A-E-F-11
Data File Size
bull The data file (wvd) is loaded into baseband memory meaning that the occupied memory size equals the data file size
bull A baseband waveform consists of samples One sample contains 4 bytes
raquo IQ Data + Marker Data = 1 Waveform Sample14 bits I 4 bits 4 bytes (32 bits)14 bits Q
ChannelI Q ( Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 RF gate flag)
Maximum of256000000 sample512000000 sample with Option
Sampling rate (sample per second) FsSampling frequency expressed in Hz
Sampling interval Ts=1FsTime between samples in uniform sampling
Slide 18MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
bull There are various programming environments to create ARB IQ data
Generally there are two typesraquo Simulation software (EDA tool)
ndash MATLAB Microwave Office etcraquo Advanced programming languages
ndash CC++ VB LabView etc
bull The example uses MATLAB and shows the programmable M-filesraquo M-file MATLAB program for command script
10
Slide 19MG3700A-E-F-11
Analog Modulation
bull Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create IQ data
Basic analog modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Modulation (AM)raquo Frequency Modulation (FM)raquo Phase Modulation (PM)
I
Q Modulation depth []micro = Vp Ac
Ac
I
Q
I
Q Phase shiftπ2 [rad]
Vp
AM FM PM
VpAngular velocity
[rads]
Ac
Ac Ac
Ac
Slide 20MG3700A-E-F-11
AM
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
s(t)
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulation depth micro 80 []
Envelop R(t)
Carrier
Modulated signal
m(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
7
Slide 13MG3700A-E-F-11
Marker Data
bull The marker data uses 4 bits per IQ data point to set the state of the four markers either On (1) or Off (0) for each IQ data point
bull The marker data consists of three event markers and an RF gate flag
bull When an event marker is active (On) it outputs a trigger signal at the rear-panel marker connector corresponding to active marker number 1 to 3
bull An RF gate flag is used for pulse modulation and drives the internal pulse modulator
raquo When IQ data is imported without marker data event markers are set automatically to inactive (Off) and the RF gate flag is set to active (On)
Slide 14MG3700A-E-F-11
Internal Pulse Modulator
Burst power
If the RF gate flag is not used carrier leakage occurs
Specification le -40 dBc
RF Gate flag
1
0
If the RF gate flag is used the RF output is off
Specification le -60 dBc (OnOff ratio gt 60 dB)
Power at IQ = 0
IQModulator
PulseModulatorBaseband
Generator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
I
Q
Power at RF gate flag Off
8
Slide 15MG3700A-E-F-11
Timing
bull Because markers are set at each IQ data point the marker data contains the same number of samples as IQ data points
bull The time difference between the event markers output connector and RF connector is adjusted to be within plusmn1 sample
IQModulator
PulseModulator
BasebandGenerator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
Marker 1Marker 2Marker 3
IQ1 IQ2 IQ3 hellip
hellip
IQ4
Gate1(1) Gate2(0) Gate3(1) Gate4(1) hellip
RFI
Q
Slide 16MG3700A-E-F-11
File Header
bull The data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) have the same file name The MG3700A stores the files in same package folder
bull The file header contains settings for the ARB modulation formatsuch as sample rate number of samples IQ DAC RMS value etc
raquo When the MG3700A finds unspecified header settings it either uses the default settings or the settings from previous signal pattern if a signal pattern was played previously
9
Slide 17MG3700A-E-F-11
Data File Size
bull The data file (wvd) is loaded into baseband memory meaning that the occupied memory size equals the data file size
bull A baseband waveform consists of samples One sample contains 4 bytes
raquo IQ Data + Marker Data = 1 Waveform Sample14 bits I 4 bits 4 bytes (32 bits)14 bits Q
ChannelI Q ( Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 RF gate flag)
Maximum of256000000 sample512000000 sample with Option
Sampling rate (sample per second) FsSampling frequency expressed in Hz
Sampling interval Ts=1FsTime between samples in uniform sampling
Slide 18MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
bull There are various programming environments to create ARB IQ data
Generally there are two typesraquo Simulation software (EDA tool)
ndash MATLAB Microwave Office etcraquo Advanced programming languages
ndash CC++ VB LabView etc
bull The example uses MATLAB and shows the programmable M-filesraquo M-file MATLAB program for command script
10
Slide 19MG3700A-E-F-11
Analog Modulation
bull Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create IQ data
Basic analog modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Modulation (AM)raquo Frequency Modulation (FM)raquo Phase Modulation (PM)
I
Q Modulation depth []micro = Vp Ac
Ac
I
Q
I
Q Phase shiftπ2 [rad]
Vp
AM FM PM
VpAngular velocity
[rads]
Ac
Ac Ac
Ac
Slide 20MG3700A-E-F-11
AM
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
s(t)
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulation depth micro 80 []
Envelop R(t)
Carrier
Modulated signal
m(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
8
Slide 15MG3700A-E-F-11
Timing
bull Because markers are set at each IQ data point the marker data contains the same number of samples as IQ data points
bull The time difference between the event markers output connector and RF connector is adjusted to be within plusmn1 sample
IQModulator
PulseModulator
BasebandGenerator
DelayAdjustment
RF
RF Gate
Marker 1Marker 2Marker 3
IQ1 IQ2 IQ3 hellip
hellip
IQ4
Gate1(1) Gate2(0) Gate3(1) Gate4(1) hellip
RFI
Q
Slide 16MG3700A-E-F-11
File Header
bull The data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) have the same file name The MG3700A stores the files in same package folder
bull The file header contains settings for the ARB modulation formatsuch as sample rate number of samples IQ DAC RMS value etc
raquo When the MG3700A finds unspecified header settings it either uses the default settings or the settings from previous signal pattern if a signal pattern was played previously
9
Slide 17MG3700A-E-F-11
Data File Size
bull The data file (wvd) is loaded into baseband memory meaning that the occupied memory size equals the data file size
bull A baseband waveform consists of samples One sample contains 4 bytes
raquo IQ Data + Marker Data = 1 Waveform Sample14 bits I 4 bits 4 bytes (32 bits)14 bits Q
ChannelI Q ( Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 RF gate flag)
Maximum of256000000 sample512000000 sample with Option
Sampling rate (sample per second) FsSampling frequency expressed in Hz
Sampling interval Ts=1FsTime between samples in uniform sampling
Slide 18MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
bull There are various programming environments to create ARB IQ data
Generally there are two typesraquo Simulation software (EDA tool)
ndash MATLAB Microwave Office etcraquo Advanced programming languages
ndash CC++ VB LabView etc
bull The example uses MATLAB and shows the programmable M-filesraquo M-file MATLAB program for command script
10
Slide 19MG3700A-E-F-11
Analog Modulation
bull Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create IQ data
Basic analog modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Modulation (AM)raquo Frequency Modulation (FM)raquo Phase Modulation (PM)
I
Q Modulation depth []micro = Vp Ac
Ac
I
Q
I
Q Phase shiftπ2 [rad]
Vp
AM FM PM
VpAngular velocity
[rads]
Ac
Ac Ac
Ac
Slide 20MG3700A-E-F-11
AM
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
s(t)
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulation depth micro 80 []
Envelop R(t)
Carrier
Modulated signal
m(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
9
Slide 17MG3700A-E-F-11
Data File Size
bull The data file (wvd) is loaded into baseband memory meaning that the occupied memory size equals the data file size
bull A baseband waveform consists of samples One sample contains 4 bytes
raquo IQ Data + Marker Data = 1 Waveform Sample14 bits I 4 bits 4 bytes (32 bits)14 bits Q
ChannelI Q ( Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 RF gate flag)
Maximum of256000000 sample512000000 sample with Option
Sampling rate (sample per second) FsSampling frequency expressed in Hz
Sampling interval Ts=1FsTime between samples in uniform sampling
Slide 18MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Examples to Create IQ Data File
bull There are various programming environments to create ARB IQ data
Generally there are two typesraquo Simulation software (EDA tool)
ndash MATLAB Microwave Office etcraquo Advanced programming languages
ndash CC++ VB LabView etc
bull The example uses MATLAB and shows the programmable M-filesraquo M-file MATLAB program for command script
10
Slide 19MG3700A-E-F-11
Analog Modulation
bull Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create IQ data
Basic analog modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Modulation (AM)raquo Frequency Modulation (FM)raquo Phase Modulation (PM)
I
Q Modulation depth []micro = Vp Ac
Ac
I
Q
I
Q Phase shiftπ2 [rad]
Vp
AM FM PM
VpAngular velocity
[rads]
Ac
Ac Ac
Ac
Slide 20MG3700A-E-F-11
AM
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
s(t)
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulation depth micro 80 []
Envelop R(t)
Carrier
Modulated signal
m(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
10
Slide 19MG3700A-E-F-11
Analog Modulation
bull Analog modulation schemes are most basic techniques and it is simple to create IQ data
Basic analog modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Modulation (AM)raquo Frequency Modulation (FM)raquo Phase Modulation (PM)
I
Q Modulation depth []micro = Vp Ac
Ac
I
Q
I
Q Phase shiftπ2 [rad]
Vp
AM FM PM
VpAngular velocity
[rads]
Ac
Ac Ac
Ac
Slide 20MG3700A-E-F-11
AM
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
s(t)
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulation depth micro 80 []
Envelop R(t)
Carrier
Modulated signal
m(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
11
Slide 21MG3700A-E-F-11
AM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac[1+m(t)] = 1+micro sin(2πƒmt)bull Q = y(t) = 0
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull micro Modulation depth = Modulating signal peakCarrier signal peak (amplitude)
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Depth = 08 Modulating depthCSVfile = AM1kHzDepth80csv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = 1+Depthsin(2pifmtDataPoints)Q = zeros(1DataPoints)data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 22MG3700A-E-F-11
FMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Df
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
t
Freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[kH
z]
s(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal
Peak frequency deviation ∆ƒ 50 [kHz]
c(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulated signalCarrier
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
12
Slide 23MG3700A-E-F-11
FM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = = cos[β sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = = sin[β sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull β Modulation index = ∆ƒƒmbull ∆ƒ Peak frequency deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 50 Peak frequency deviation [kHz]CSVfile = FM1kHzDeviation50kHzcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationfmsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
Slide 24MG3700A-E-F-11
PMm(t)
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Modulating signal Dp
-2
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
t
Pha
se d
evia
tion
[π r
ad]
Peak phase deviation 5 [rad] asymp 16 π [rad]
-15
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
t
Am
plitu
de [V
]
c(t) s(t) Modulated signalCarrier
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
13
Slide 25MG3700A-E-F-11
PM Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac cos[Dp m(t)] = cos[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]bull Q = y(t) = Ac sin[Dp m(t)] = sin[Dp sin(2πƒmt)]
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull Dp Peak phase deviation
clear all close all clc
fm = 1 Modulating frequency [kHz]Deviation = 5 Peak phase deviation [kHz]CSVfile = PM1kHzDeviation5radcsv
DataPoints = 1000Fs = fmDataPoints Sampling rate [kHz]
t = 0DataPoints-1I = cos(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))Q = sin(Deviationsin(2pifmtDataPoints))data = [I Q]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
Slide 26MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation
bull Pulse modulation is used for radar and satellite signals using acombination with either FM or PM and time-multiplexed burst signals
ndash PRFPRR Pulse repetition frequency rate [pps] [pulses]ndash Pulse period [s] 1PRFndash Pulse width duration [s] Including rise timendash Duty ratio cycle [] Pulse widthPulse periodndash Pulses per burst [pulsesburst]ndash Burst length [s]ndash Burst period [s]ndash Rise time [s] Pulse period
Pulse width
Pulses per burstBurst length Burst period
Rise time
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
14
Slide 27MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) = Ac = 1bull Q = y(t) = Ac = 1
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 700 [pps]bull Pulse width 1 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 18bull Burst period 10 [s]
clear all close all clc
PRF = 700 [pps]PulseWidth = 1E-6 [s]PulsesPerBurst = 18 [pulsesburst]BurstPeriod = 10 [s]CSVfile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10scsvzerofile = Pulse700ppsW1us18ppbB10sZerocsv
Fs = LCM(PRF1PulseWidth) Sampling rate [Hz] LCM Least Common Multiple Number of samplesW = PulseWidthFsPulseGap = (1PRF-PulseWidth)Fs
(Continued on the next page)
CW
Slide 28MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
I = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]RFgateFlag = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]Burst = [ zeros(11) ones(1W) ]for n = 2PulsesPerBurst
I = [ I ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Q = [ Q ones(1W+2) zeros(1PulseGap-2) ]Burst = [ Burst ones(1PulseGap+W) ]if n == PulsesPerBurst
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap-1) ]else
RFgateFlag = [ RFgateFlag ones(1W) zeros(1PulseGap) ]end
end
Marker1 = [ Burst zeros(1PulseGap-1) ] BurstMarker2 = RFgateFlag PulseMarker3 = RFgateFlag Pulsedata = [I Q Marker1 Marker2 Marker3 RFgateFlag]csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
BurstGapPulseLength = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurstzero = zeros(1FsPRF) samplespulsezerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)zerofileMultiple = PRFBurstPeriod-PulsesPerBurst Pulse length in Burst gap
IQ(DC)
RF gate flag
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
15
Slide 29MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
Repeat
Sequence feature technique
Slide 30MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Modulation Programming Example
RepeatElement 1 Element 2
Create a sequence file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
16
Slide 31MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
bull I = x(t) =bull Q = y(t) =
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1bull PRF 2000 [pps]bull Pulse width 20 [micros]bull Pulsesburst 20
clear all close all clc
PW = 20 Pulse Width [us]PRF = 2000 [pps]Fpeak = 25 Peak Frequency Deviation [MHz]CSVfile = RTS6W20us2000ppscsvzerofile =RTS6W20us2000ppsZerocsv
Fs = Fpeak 40 Sampling rate [MHz]DataPoints = PW Fs
(Continued on the next page)
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(cos
int infinminus
t
fc dmDA σσ )(sin
FM
Slide 32MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
t = 0DataPointsdPhi = 2pi(-Fpeak + 2 Fpeak tDataPoints)Fs Frequency deviation from -Fpeak to
+FpeakPhi = cumsum(dPhi2) Comulative SumI = cos(Phi)Q = sin(Phi)
I = [zeros(11) I zeros(12)]Q = [zeros(11) Q zeros(12)]BurstFlag = ones(1DataPoints+4)RFgateFlag = [ones(1DataPoints+3) zeros(11)]
data=[I Q BurstFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag RFgateFlag] Marker1 Burst OnOff Flag Marker2amp3 RF OnOff Flag
csvwrite(CSVfiledata)
zero = zeros(1DataPoints+4)zerodata = [zero zero zero zero zero zero]csvwrite(zerofilezerodata)
PulsePeriod = Fs 1E6 PRF Pulse period samplesFrameLength = DataPoints + 4GapLength = PulsePeriod - DataPoints - 4
IQ
RF gate flag
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
17
Slide 33MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleSequence feature technique
Command Window
Repeat Repeat
Slide 34MG3700A-E-F-11
Pulse Chirp Modulation Programming ExampleCreate a sequence file
Repeat Repeat
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
18
Slide 35MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull Digital modulation schemes change the amplitude frequency and phase of the carrier at regular time intervals and sends a digital baseband signal
raquo Analog modulation schemes change the carrier amplitude frequency and phase continuously
Basic digital modulation schemesraquo Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
ndash The amplitude of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ndash The frequency of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequenceraquo Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)ndash The phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol sequence
raquo Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)ndash The amplitude and phase of the carrier varies linearly with the symbol
sequence
1 10
Slide 36MG3700A-E-F-11
PSK QAM
bull This chapter shows common examples for QPSK π4DQPSK 8PSK 16QAM
I
Q
00
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
QPSK
01
10
11
I
Q
Ac-Ac
-Ac
Ac
π4DQPSK
00
01 1011
IAc-Ac
-Ac
Ac
000
001
010
011
Q
100
101
110
111
IAc-Ac-Ac
Ac
0000
0001
0010
0011
Q
1100
1101
1110
1111
8PSK 16QAM
0101
0100
0111
0110
10101000
10111001
3Ac-3Ac
3Ac
-3Ac
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
19
Slide 37MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=QPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) Initial phase
pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
Slide 38MG3700A-E-F-11
QPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(real(g))) round(max(real(g)))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 round(min(imag(g))) round(max(imag(g)))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
20
Slide 39MG3700A-E-F-11
Waveform Phase Continuity
bull The MG3700A plays back a waveform of finite in length and repeats it continuously Phase discontinuity between the end of one waveform and the start of the next repetition can lead to periodic spectral regrowth and distortion
bull Repetitions with abrupt phase changes result in high frequency spectral regrowth
For Pd = 16 symbol pointswaveformSymbol data length Duplicate symbol data
Waveform length
Slide 40MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=pi4DQPSKcsv
M = 4 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = dpskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataMpi4) Complex envelop g(t) using phase
shift pi4 rad [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
21
Slide 41MG3700A-E-F-11
π4DQPSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 42MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=8PSKcsv
M = 8 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
22
Slide 43MG3700A-E-F-11
8PSK
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 44MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
Complex envelopbull g(t) = Ac[m1(t)+jm2(t)] = I(t)+jQ(t)
bull Ac Carrier signal amplitude = 1
clear all close all clc
Fd = 1 Symbol rate [sps]Fs = 10Fd Oversampling ratePd = 256 Symbol pointsrepetition = 2 Repetition factor of dataR = 05 Rolloff factor for FIR filterdelay = 3 Filters group delayCSVfile=16QAMcsv
M = 16 Point signal constellationsSymbolData = randint(Pd1M) Random data [Communications Toolbox] Duplicate the symbol data because of waveform phase continuityDuplicateSymbolData = repmat(SymbolDatarepetition1) Replicate the symbol
data [Fixed-Point Toolbox]g = pskmod(DuplicateSymbolDataM) Complex envelop g(t) [Communications Toolbox]
(Continued on the next page)
MATLAB requiresSignal Processing ToolboxCommunications Toolbox
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
23
Slide 45MG3700A-E-F-11
16QAM
(Continued from previous page)
filtering = rcosflt(gFdFsfirnormalRdelay) Filter input signal using FIR filter [Communications Toolbox]
OversampledData = filtering(Fsdelay2+1Fsdelay2+FsPd) Correct filter delaydata = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ datacsvwrite(CSVfiledata)
scatterplot(OversampledData10b-)hold onplot(gr)grid Signal constellation
figure Complex envelopt_g = 0Pdrepetition-1 g(t) symbol numbert_o = delayFdFsdelay+Pd-1Fs Oversampled symbol numbersubplot(211)stem(t_greal(g)r)hold onplot(t_oreal(OversampledData))grid In-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(real(OversampledData)) max(real(OversampledData))])title(I signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)subplot(212)stem(t_gimag(g)r)hold onplot(t_oimag(OversampledData))grid
Quadrature-phaseaxis([-1 Pdrepetition+1 min(imag(OversampledData)) max(imag(OversampledData))])title(Q signal)xlabel(Symbol)ylabel(Amplitude)
Slide 46MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink
bull What is Simulinkraquo Simulinkreg is a software package for modeling simulating and analyzing
dynamic systems It supports linear and nonlinear systems modeled in continuous time sampled time or a hybrid of the two
bull Tool for simulationraquo You can easily build models from scratch or take an existing model and
add to it It offers instant access to all the analysis tools in MATLAB so the results can be taken and analyzed and visualized
bull Tool for model-based designraquo For modeling Simulink offers a GUI for building models as block
diagrams using click-and-drag mouse operations You can also customize and create your own blocks
raquo Models are hierarchical so they can be built using both top-down and bottom-up approaches
raquo After defining a model you can simulate it Simulation results can be put in the MATLAB workspace for post-processing and visualization
CSV file
For more information on Simulink visit the MathWorks website httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxsimulink
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
24
Slide 47MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Demos
bull Simulink demos illustrate useful modeling concepts Access demos from the MATLAB Command Window
Slide 48MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulink Blockset Demos
bull The Blocksets are the collections of specialized Simulink blocks designed for design and simulation in a particular field
bull For example the Communications Blockset extends Simulink with a comprehensive library of blocks to design and simulate the physical layer of communication systems and components The blocksethelps design for communications systems and their semiconductor components such as commercial or defense wireless and wire systems
Model of physical layer of IEEE 80211a Wireless LAN standardincluding adaptive modulation using blocks in Communications Blockset
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
25
Slide 49MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Technique
bull Simulink Library Browserraquo The Math Operations library contains blocks for modeling general
mathematical functionsraquo The Sinks library contains blocks that display or write block output
Libraries
Blocks
Blocks
Slide 50MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Output real and imaginary parts of complex input signalndash The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type
supported by Simulink including fixed-point data types It outputs the real andor imaginary part of the input signal depending on the setting of the Output parameter The real outputs are of the same data type as the complex input The input can be an array (vector or matrix) of complex signals in which case the output signals are arrays of the same dimensions The real array contains the real parts of the corresponding complex input elements The imaginary output similarly contains the imaginary parts of the input elements
I Q
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
26
Slide 51MG3700A-E-F-11
Complex to Real-Imag
bull Parametersraquo Output
ndash This parameter determines the output of this block Choose from the following values Real and imag (outputs the input signals real and imaginary parts) Real (outputs the inputs real part) Imag (outputs the inputs imaginary part)
raquo Sample time (-1 for inherited)ndash This parameter specifies the time interval between samples To inherit the sample time
set this parameter to -1-1ndash If the block is not in a triggered subsystem this setting specifies that the block inherits its
sample time from the block connected to its input (inheritance) or in some cases from the block connected to its output (back inheritance) If the block is in a triggered subsystem set the SampleTime parameter to this settingNote that specifying sample-time inheritance for a source block can cause Simulink to assign an inappropriate sample time to the block if the source drives more than one block For this reason avoid specifying sample-time inheritance for source blocks If it is specified Simulink displays a warning message when updating or simulating the model
Slide 52MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Write data to workspacendash The To Workspace block writes its input to the workspace The block writes its output to
an array or structure with the name specified by the blocks Variable name parameter The Save format parameter determines the output format
Array
I or Q
inf IEEE arithmetic representation for positive infinity
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
27
Slide 53MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
raquo Arrayndash Selecting this option causes the To Workspace block to save the input as an N-
dimensional array where N is one more than the number of dimensions of the input signal For example if the input signal is a 1-D array (ie a vector) the resulting workspace array is two-dimensional If the input signal is a 2-D array (ie a matrix) the array is three-dimensional
ndash The way samples are stored in the array depends on whether the input signal is a scalar or vector or a matrix If the input is a scalar or a vector each input sample is output as a row of the array For example suppose that the name of the output array is simout Then simout(1) corresponds to the first sample simout(2) corresponds to the second sample etc If the input signal is a matrix the third dimension of the workspace array corresponds to the values of the input signal at the specified sampling point For example suppose again that simout is the name of the resulting workspace array Then simout(1) is the value of the input signal at the first sample point simout(2) is the value of the input signal at the second sample point etc
ndash Block parameters control when and how much data the To Workspace block writes1 The Limit data points to last parameter indicates how many sample points to save If
the simulation generates more data points than the specified maximum the simulation saves only the most recently generated samples To capture all the data set this value to inf
2 The Decimation parameter allows you to write data at every nth sample where n is the decimation factor The default decimation 1 writes data at every time step
3 The Sample time parameter allows you to specify a sampling interval at which to collect points This parameter is useful when you are using a variable-step solver where the interval between time steps might not be the same The default value of -1 causes the block to inherit the sample time from the driving block when determining the points to write
Slide 54MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
ndash For variable-step solvers the Output options found on the Data ImportExport pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box determine the original amount of data available to the To Workspace block For example to ensure that data is written at identical time points over multiple simulations select the Produce specified output only option in the Configuration Parameters dialog box and enter the desired time vector The To Workspace block begins with this specified time vector and further limits the amount of data written to the workspace based on its block parameters
ndash During the simulation the block writes data to an internal buffer When the simulation is completed or paused that data is written to the workspace Its icon shows the name of the array to which the data is written
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
28
Slide 55MG3700A-E-F-11
To Workspace
bull Parametersraquo Variable name
ndash Name of array holding data
raquo Limit data points to lastndash Maximum number of input samples saved (The default is inf samples)
raquo Decimationndash Decimation factor (The default is 1)
raquo Sample timendash Sample time at which to collect points
raquo Save formatndash Format in which to save simulation output to workspace (The default is structure)
raquo Log fixed-point data as a fi objectndash Select to log fixed-point data to MATLAB workspace as Simulink Fixed-Point fi object
Otherwise fixed-point data is logged to the workspace as double
Slide 56MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 1
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Helpgt Examples in Documentationgt Digital Modulationgt DQPSK Signal Constellation Points and Transitions
ndash open(MATLAB701helptoolboxcommblkscommblks_examplesdoc_dqpsk_plotmdl)
bull The model plots the output of the DQPSK Modulator Basebandblock The image shows the possible transitions from each symbol in the DQPSK signal constellation to the next symbol
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the transitions among the eight DQPSK constellation points
ndash This plot illustrates π4DQPSK modulation because the default Phase offset parameter in the DQPSK Modulator Baseband block is pi4
I
Q
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
29
Slide 57MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Example Editing
Drag and drop
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Slide 58MG3700A-E-F-11
Note
bull When the MG3700A generates this IQ signal a raised cosine FIR filter block must be added to the model
bull For more information about the raised cosine FIR filter blockhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksrefraisedcosinetransmit
filterhtmlndash Upsample and filter input signal using raised cosine FIR filter
Drag and drop
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
30
Slide 59MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 2
bull Open completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Channel Models and Impairmentsgt Rayleigh Fading Channelbull For more information about channels
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommblksugfp62122htmlbull For more information about fading channels in general
httpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptoolboxcommuga1069449399html
bull The model illustrates the channels effect on a QPSK modulated signal
ndash Running the model produces the plot The plot reflects the channels effect on the QPSK constellation points
Slide 60MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
31
Slide 61MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
8 OSR
Trajectory
Start a Simulation
Slide 62MG3700A-E-F-11
Simulation Data Save Example 3
bull Open the completed modelbull Communications Blockset Demosgt Application-Specific Examplesgt IEEE 80211a WLAN Physical Layer
bull IEEE 80211ag WLAN OFDM physical layer model demonstrating adaptive modulation and coding
ndash Requirements Communications Toolbox Communications Blockset Signal Processing Blockset Signal Processing Toolbox
ndash End-to-end 80211a physical layerndash All mandatory and optional data rates 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbsndash BPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM modulationsndash Forward error correction coding (convolutional code rates 12 23 34)ndash OFDM transmission 52 subcarriers 4 pilots 64-pt FFTs CP (Cyclic Prefix)ndash Data interleavingndash PLCP preamble (modeled as 2x2 long training sequences)ndash Receiver equalizationndash Viterbi decodingndash Data rates selectable on-the-flyndash Adaptive modulation demo over dispersive multipath fading channel
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
32
Slide 63MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
ndash Running the model and double-clicking Signal Visualization block produce the plot
SignalVisualization
TX Data
RX power spectrum
Unequalized signal
Equalized power spectrum
SNR Bit rate
BER (per packet)
Slide 64MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo
NRZ(Non-Return to Zero)
PER = 150 (2 )in this case
16QAMin this case
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
33
Slide 65MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Slide 66MG3700A-E-F-11
Communications Blockset Demo Editing
Array
I or Q
Start a Simulation
Measured power spectrum
Convert in IQproducer
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
34
Slide 67MG3700A-E-F-11
Workspace Data Save
bull To save the workspace variables as a CSV file run the command by entering the following in the MATLAB command window
raquo data = [I Q]raquo csvwrite(IQdatacsvdata)
ndash The workspace is the set of variables (named arrays) stored in memory during a MATLAB session
Workspace variables
Memory File
CSV text
data IQdatacsv
Slide 68MG3700A-E-F-11
Programming Example to Convert and Transfer IQ Data File without IQproducer
bull To download IQ data to the MG3700A typically it is easier to use Convert and Transfer amp Setting in IQproducer because MATLAB (simulation software) and C++ (advanced programming language) can usually save the data as a CSV file
bull This process takes more time because a text file is larger and it is a bother
bull To minimize the time to convert a IQ data file create a specific binary data file
bull This section examines how to facilitate downloading a complex data array from within the MATLAB environment
1 Creating GUI with GUIDE2 Executing [Convert]3 Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
35
Slide 69MG3700A-E-F-11
Creating GUI with GUIDE
raquo GUIDE the MATLAB graphical user interface development environment provides a set of tools for creating graphical userinterfaces (GUIs) These tools simplify the process of laying out and programming GUIs
bull GUI Layoutndash Using the GUIDE Layout Editor populate a GUI by clicking and dragging GUI
components such as axes panels buttons text fields sliders etc into the layout area You can also create menus and context menus for the GUI The GUIDE saves a GUI layout to a FIG-file
bull GUI Programmingndash GUIDE automatically generates an M-file controlling how the GUI operates This M-file
provides code to initialize the GUI and contains a framework for the GUI callbacks -- the routines that execute when a user interacts with a GUI component Using the M-file editor add code to the callbacks to perform the required functions
bull For more information about GUIDEhttpwwwmathworkscomaccesshelpdeskhelptechdoccreating_guiscreating_guishtml
FIG-file
Slide 70MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Convert]
Programming Flowchart
Create parameter file for converting
Create data file for converting
Create WVI and WVD files
Input strings
Parameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi Data file wvdWorkspace variable
Delete parameter and data files
Files
MarkersI QArrayEditor
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
36
Slide 71MG3700A-E-F-11
Executing [Transfer] and [Play]
Programming Flowchartndash [Transfer] Transfer files to MG3700A HDD using FTP
ndash [Play] Load pattern data to baseband memory with TCPIP remote control
Connect to MG3700A creating FTP object
Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
Download WVI and WVD files
Create TCPIP object
Load pattern data to baseband memory
Play back signal pattern
Slide 72MG3700A-E-F-11
Example of Creating GUI with GUIDE
bull GUIDE saves GUI layout to convandtranstoolfigbull GUIDE automatically makes convandtranstoolm
M-file
function varargout = convandtranstool(varargin) CONVANDTRANSTOOL M-file for convandtranstoolfig CONVANDTRANSTOOL by itself creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton H = CONVANDTRANSTOOL returns the handle to a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or the handle to the existing singleton CONVANDTRANSTOOL(CALLBACKhObjecteventDatahandles) calls the local function named CALLBACK in CONVANDTRANSTOOLM with the given input arguments CONVANDTRANSTOOL(PropertyValue) creates a new CONVANDTRANSTOOL or raises the existing singleton Starting from the left property value pairs are applied to the GUI before convandtranstool_OpeningFunction gets called An unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application stop All inputs are passed to convandtranstool_OpeningFcn via varargin See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu Choose GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton) See also GUIDE GUIDATA GUIHANDLES
Edit the above text to modify the response to help convandtranstool
FIG-file
M-file function
M i
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
37
Slide 73MG3700A-E-F-11
Call M-file Function
ndash M-files can be either scripts or functions Scripts are simply files containing a sequence of MATLAB statements Functions make use of their own local variables and accept input arguments
ndash The name of a function as defined in the first line of the M-file should be the same as the name of the file without the m extension
ndash The variables within the body of the function are all local variablesndash When calling an M-file function from the command line or from within
another M-file MATLAB parses the function and stores it in memory The parsed function remains in memory until cleared using the clear command or quitting MATLAB
I_Q = [real(OversampledData) imag(OversampledData)] IQ data
RMSvalue = sqrt(sum(I_Q(1)^2 + I_Q(2)^2)(2length(I_Q)))I_Q = round(I_Q1634RMSvalue) To integer
marker1 = [ ones(101) zeros(length(I_Q)-101) ]marker2 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)marker3 = zeros(length(I_Q)1)gate = ones(length(I_Q)1) RF gate flagmarker_gate = marker32^10 + marker22^9 + marker12^8 + gate2^0data = [I_Q marker_gate]
convandtranstool Call M-file function
Convert decimal fraction to 16-bit integer
Equal to variable ldquodatardquo in previous section
Workspace variableArrayEditor
Slide 74MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton2function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create parameter file for convertingvalname = get(handlesedit1 String)package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)samprate = get(handlesedit10 String)rmsval = get(handlesedit3 String)oversamp = get(handlesedit4 String)sysunit = get(handlesedit5 String)framelen = get(handlesedit11 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerEnd
(Continued on the next page)
Get input strings
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
38
Slide 75MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
fid = fopen(wave_infodat w)fprintf(fid [Wave Info]yenn)fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX3700yenn) If using for MG3700 fprintf(fid Soft Type = MX2690yenn) If using for MS2690fprintf(fid [Package = package yenn])fprintf(fid [Pattern Name = patname yenn])fprintf(fid [Sampling Rate = samprate Hzyenn])if ~isempty(oversamp)
fprintf(fid [Over Sampling = oversamp yenn])endif ~isempty(sysunit)
fprintf(fid [System Unit = sysunit yenn])endif ~isempty(framelen)
fprintf(fid [Frame Length = framelen yenn])endif ~isempty(rmsval)
fprintf(fid [WVI RMS Value = rmsval yenn])fprintf(fid [WVD RMS Value = rmsval yenn])
endfprintf(fid Marker1 = Headyenn)fprintf(fid Marker2 = yenn)fprintf(fid Marker3 = yenn)
(Continued on the next page)
Open file or create new file for writing
Slide 76MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
(Continued from previous page)
Define the following parameters in case of burst signalfprintf(fid [Rf Gate]yenn)fprintf(fid Rf On Off Threshold = 1yenn)fprintf(fid Min Rf Gate Length = 100samplesyenn)
fclose(fid) Close the open file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
39
Slide 77MG3700A-E-F-11
Convert Programming Example
bull Create data file for convertingevalin(base fid_r = fopen(wave_rawdat w))evalin(base [fwrite(fid_r valname int16)])evalin(base fclose(fid_r))evalin(base clear fid_r)
bull Create WVI and WVD filesMakeWvFile wave_infodat wave_rawdat
bull Delete parameter and data filesdelete(wave_infodat)delete(wave_rawdat)
Open file or create new file for writing
Write binary data with integer 16 bits to file
Close open file
Execute EXE file
Remove items from workspace freeing up system memory
Slide 78MG3700A-E-F-11
Create WVI and WVD files MakeWvFile
bull The MakeWvFileexe application software is provided by Anritsubull It creates the data file (wvd) and file header (wvi) from the specific
binary data file
bull Function referenceraquo Syntax
ndash MakeWvFile ParameterFilename DataFilename
raquo Argumentsndash ParameterFilename Text filename for file header (wvi)ndash DataFilename Specific binary data filename for data file (wvd)
MakeWvFileParameter text file for converting
Data binary file for converting
File header wvi
Data file wvd
Command Prompt
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
40
Slide 79MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
bull [Wave Info]raquo Soft Type
bull MX3700For MG3700A
bull MX2690For MS2690A-20 (VSG option)ndash If the parameter is blank MX3700 is set
raquo Packagendash Folder name for pattern file
bull le 30 charactersndash If the parameter is blank Convert_IQproducer is set
raquo Pattern Namebull le 20 characters
raquo Sampling Ratendash Number of IQ waveform samples per second (expressed in Hz and equal
to reciprocal of sampling interval)bull 20000 to 160000000Hz (20 kHz to 160 MHz)
Resolution 0001 Hz
raquo Over Samplingndash Oversampling ratio (OSR) Ratio of sampling rate to modulation rate
bull 1 to 999ndash If the parameter is blank 1 is set
Slide 80MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo System Unitndash Modulation point for modulation rate ie chip symbol sample
bull le 6 charactersndash If the parameter is blank None is set
raquo Frame Lengthndash Frame sample length
bull 1 to 8388607ndash If the parameter is blank Input Frame Trigger cannot be used
raquo WVI RMS Valuendash IQ DAC amplitude adjust to SG output level
bull 1 to 8191Note In the case of Soft Type = MX2690 set 1157ndash If the parameter is blank RMSIQ calculated from data file is set
raquo WVD RMS Valuendash RMSIQ for adjustment of IQ amplitude in data file
bull 1 to 8191ndash If the parameter is blank IQ amplitude in data file is not changed
n Data with RF gate flag active (On)N
QIRMS
N
nnn
QI 2
)(1
22
sum=
+=
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
41
Slide 81MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
raquo Marker1raquo Marker2raquo Marker3
ndash Event marker name indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) displaybull le 31 characters
ndash If the parameter is blank it isnrsquot indicated on MG3700A (or MS2690A) display
Slide 82MG3700A-E-F-11
Parameter text file for MakeWvFile
Using RF Gate optimizes RF gate flag to scale IQ data within burst signal
In the case of no burst signal these parameters can be skippedbull [RF Gate]
raquo Rf On Off Thresholdndash Threshold level for automatic detection of no signal and activeinactive
(OnOff) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100
100 reference level Peak ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
raquo Min Rf Gate Lengthndash Minimum consecutive samples for automatic detection of no signal and
inactive (Off) definition of RF gate flagbull 0 to 100000 samples
ndash If the parameter is blank RF gate flag is not changed
22nn QI +
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
42
Slide 83MG3700A-E-F-11
RF Gate Parametersndash Blue line
bull Data (wvd) with RF Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from burst IQ data
ndash Red linebull Data (wvd) without RF
Gatendash RMSIQ (0 dB) is
calculated from all IQ data
Peak level(+129892 dB)
Rf On Off Threshold1 (-40 dB)
Crest Factor129892 dB
RF gate flag
Min Rf Gate Lengthge 100 samples
Slide 84MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
bull Specific binary data file formatraquo Each data point needs 6 bytes as 2 bytes for the I point 2 bytes for the
Q point 1 byte for three event markers and 1 byte for the RF gate flag
MakeWvFileData binary file for converting Data file wvd
4 bytespoint6 bytespoint
RF gate flag1 byte
I2 bytes
Q2 bytes
3 Event markers1 byte
16-bit signed integer 16-bit signed integer 0000 00010000 0111
0000 00000000 0000
Point
1
2
3
1 Active (On)
0 Inactive (Off)
1st bit Marker 12nd bit Marker 23rd bit Marker 3
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
43
Slide 85MG3700A-E-F-11
Data binary file for MakeWvFile
raquo IQ binary data is 16-bit tworsquos complement representing signed integers
IQ data range Binary data HEX data IQ output voltagendash 32767 01111111 11111111 7FFF Vmaxndash 1 00000000 00000001 0001ndash 0 00000000 00000000 0000 0 Vndash -1 11111111 11111111 FFFFndash -32768 10000000 00000000 8000 Vmin
raquo Example for Little Endian (byte order)bull 5B F6 00 00 01 01 60 F6 2A 00 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Gate Markers I Q Gate Markers
-2469 0 257 -2464 42 257 hellip [Decimal]
ndash For Big Endian (byte order) referred to as byte swappingF6 5B 00 00 01 01 F6 60 00 2A 01 01 hellip [HEX]
I Q Markers Gate I Q Markers Gate
5B F6
F6 5B
Byte Swapping
Binary Editor
Slide 86MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The little endian or big endian byte order depends on the type of PC processor
raquo Intel and AMD processors use little endianraquo Sun and Motorola processors use big endianraquo The Apple PowerPC processor while big endian oriented also
supports the little endian orderndash Always refer to the processor manufacturer to determine the order they use
for bytes and if they support both to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byte order
bull The byte order describes how the system processor stores integervalues as binary data in memory
raquo When outputting data from a little endian system to a text file (ASCII text) the values are the same as viewed from a big endian system
raquo The order only becomes important when using binary data as whendownloading data to MG3700A
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
44
Slide 87MG3700A-E-F-11
Byte Order
bull The LSB and MSB positioning changes with byte orderbull In little endian order the LSB and MSB are next to each other in the
bit sequence
Example of -2469 signed integerraquo Little endian
ndash 5B F6 [HEX] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 [Binary]
raquo Big endianndash F6 5B [HEX] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 [Binary]
bull Most Significant Bit (MSB) is bit position in binary number with greatest valuebull Least Significant Bit (LSB) is bit position in binary integer determining whether the
number is even or oddndash In 2-byte data the MSB appears in the second byte
LSB MSB
LSBMSB
Slide 88MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Twos complement is a popular way to represent signed integers by counting backwards in computer The MSB represents the sign of positive and negative values
HEX Binary Decimalbull 09 A5 00001001 10100101 +2569+bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011 -2569
= 1 00000000 00000000 0ndash Ignoring 17th bit (leftmost bit) gives actual answer 0
raquo The decimal value of a twos complement binary number is calculated by taking the value of the MSB where the value is negative when the bit is one and adding the values for each power of two where there is a one
bull F6 5B 11110110 01011011= -215 + 214 + 213 + 212 + 210 + 29 + 26 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 20 = -2569
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
45
Slide 89MG3700A-E-F-11
Tworsquos Complement Integers
bull Calculating tworsquos complementraquo When finding the twos complement of a binary number the bits are
inverted and the value of 1 is added to the resulting value Bit overflow is ignored
ndash Beginning with F6 5B (-2469)11110110 01011011
bull To convert to +2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
00001001 10100100ndash This numeral is the ones complement of the decimal value -2469
bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added00001001 10100101
ndash Beginning with 09 A5 (+2469)00001001 10100101
bull To convert to -2469 in twos complement notation the bits are inverted 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0
11110110 01011010bull To obtain the twos complement 1 is added
11110110 01011011
Slide 90MG3700A-E-F-11
MakeWvFile Error
bull An error code is returned when an error occursbull Error code
raquo 0successful completion
raquo 16File writing failure
raquo 23Converting failure due to irregular Pattern Name in parameter text file
raquo 24Converting failure due to irregular Package name in parameter text file
raquo 25Converting failure due to irregular Sampling Rate in parameter text file
raquo 64WVD file opening failure
raquo 65WVI file opening failure
raquo 66Data binary file opening failure
raquo 67Parameter text file opening failure
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
46
Slide 91MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton3function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Connect to MG3700A creating FTP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)username = get(handlesedit7 String)password = get(handlesedit8 String)
f = ftp(ipaddress username password)
Get input strings
Slide 92MG3700A-E-F-11
Transfer Programming Example
bull Check existing package folder or make new package folder in MG3700A HDD
package = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
cd(f hdd0PACKAGE)buff = dir(f package)if length(buff) lt 4
mkdir(f package)end
bull Download WVI and WVD filescd(f package)mput(f [ patname wvi])mput(f [ patname wvd])
close(f)
Get input strings
Change directory in MG3700A HDD
Directory listing
Make new directory
Close FTP object
Upload files
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
47
Slide 93MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
--- Executes on button press in pushbutton4function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject eventdata handles) hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO) eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
bull Create TCPIP objectipaddress = get(handlesedit6 String)t = tcpip(ipaddress 49153)fopen(t)
Get input strings
Connect TCPIP object to MG3700AInstrument Control Toolbox
Slide 94MG3700A-E-F-11
Play Programming Example
bull Load pattern data to baseband memorypackage = get(handlesedit9 String)patname = get(handlesedit2 String)if isempty(package)
package = Convert_IQproducerend
fprintf(t [LDFILE WMA package patname ])
for n = 1150pause(1)fprintf(t ESR2)flag = str2num(fscanf(t))if bitget(flag 5) == 1
breakend
end
bull Play back signal patternfprintf(t PATCOMBMODE DEFINED)fprintf(t [LOADEDFILESEL WMA package patname ])fprintf(t OPC)fscanf(t)
fclose(t)delete(t)
Get input strings
Disconnect TCPIP object
Monitor END Event Status Register
Pattern Combination Mode Defined
Operation Complete Query
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
48
Slide 95MG3700A-E-F-11
Available Sample Programs
Sample programs are available to self-customize them easilyraquo Anritsu_SG_demom
ndash M-file to run on MATLABraquo convandtranstoolm
ndash M-file function called from within Anritsu_SG_demomraquo convandtranstoolfig
ndash GUI layout saved by GUIDEraquo MakeWvFileexe
ndash Executable file to convert a data file into Anritsu VSG formatraquo MG37WP06dll
ndash DLL file called from within MakeWvFileexe
bull Embedded object contains the above five filesraquo MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zzz (100 KB)
ndash Change the file name into MATLAB_ProgrammedSamples2008zip after saving the embedded file
Anritsu Corporation 5-1-1 Onna Atsugi-shi Kanagawa 243-8555 JapanPhone +81-46-223-1111Fax +81-46-296-1264
bull USAAnritsu Company1155 East Collins Blvd Suite 100 Richardson TX 75081 USAToll Free 1-800-267-4878Phone +1-972-644-1777Fax +1-972-671-1877
bull CanadaAnritsu Electronics Ltd700 Silver Seven Road Suite 120 Kanata Ontario K2V 1C3 CanadaPhone +1-613-591-2003 Fax +1-613-591-1006
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bull Mexico Anritsu Company SA de CVAv Ejeacutercito Nacional No 579 Piso 9 Col Granada11520 Meacutexico DF MeacutexicoPhone +52-55-1101-2370Fax +52-55-5254-3147
bull UKAnritsu EMEA Ltd200 Capability Green Luton Bedfordshire LU1 3LU UKPhone +44-1582-433200 Fax +44-1582-731303
bull FranceAnritsu SA1618 avenue du Queacutebec-SILIC 72091961 COURTABOEUF CEDEX FrancePhone +33-1-60-92-15-50Fax +33-1-64-46-10-65
bull GermanyAnritsu GmbHNemetschek Haus Konrad-Zuse-Platz 1 81829 Muumlnchen Germany Phone +49-89-442308-0 Fax +49-89-442308-55
bull ItalyAnritsu SpAVia Elio Vittorini 129 00144 Roma ItalyPhone +39-6-509-9711 Fax +39-6-502-2425
bull SwedenAnritsu ABBorgafjordsgatan 13 164 40 KISTA SwedenPhone +46-8-534-707-00 Fax +46-8-534-707-30
bull FinlandAnritsu ABTeknobulevardi 3-5 FI-01530 VANTAA FinlandPhone +358-20-741-8100Fax +358-20-741-8111
bull DenmarkAnritsu ASKirkebjerg Alleacute 90 DK-2605 Broslashndby DenmarkPhone +45-72112200Fax +45-72112210
bull SpainAnritsu EMEA Ltd Oficina de Representacioacuten en EspantildeaEdificio VeganovaAvda de la Vega n˚ 1 (edf 8 pl 1 of 8)28108 ALCOBENDAS - Madrid SpainPhone +34-914905761Fax +34-914905762
bull United Arab EmiratesAnritsu EMEA LtdDubai Liaison OfficeP O Box 500413 - Dubai Internet CityAl Thuraya Building Tower 1 Suit 701 7th FloorDubai United Arab EmiratesPhone +971-4-3670352Fax +971-4-3688460
bull SingaporeAnritsu Pte Ltd60 Alexandra Terrace 02-08 The Comtech (Lobby A)Singapore 118502Phone +65-6282-2400Fax +65-6282-2533
bull IndiaAnritsu Pte Ltd India Branch OfficeUnit No S-3 Second Floor Esteem Red Cross Bhavan No 26 Race Course Road Bangalore 560 001 IndiaPhone +91-80-32944707Fax +91-80-22356648
bull PR China (Hong Kong)Anritsu Company LtdUnits 4 amp 5 28th Floor Greenfield Tower Concordia Plaza No 1 Science Museum Road Tsim Sha Tsui East Kowloon Hong KongPhone +852-2301-4980Fax +852-2301-3545
bull PR China (Beijing)Anritsu Company LtdBeijing Representative OfficeRoom 1515 Beijing Fortune Building No 5 Dong-San-Huan Bei Road Chao-Yang District Beijing 10004 PR ChinaPhone +86-10-6590-9230Fax +86-10-6590-9235
bull KoreaAnritsu Corporation Ltd8F Hyunjuk Building 832-41 Yeoksam Dong Kangnam-ku Seoul 135-080 KoreaPhone +82-2-553-6603Fax +82-2-553-6604
bull AustraliaAnritsu Pty LtdUnit 21270 Ferntree Gully Road Notting Hill Victoria 3168 AustraliaPhone +61-3-9558-8177Fax +61-3-9558-8255
bull TaiwanAnritsu Company Inc7F No 316 Sec 1 Neihu Rd Taipei 114 TaiwanPhone +886-2-8751-1816Fax +886-2-8751-1817
Specifications are subject to change without notice
Please Contact
071001
No MG3700A-E-F-11-(300) Printed in Japan 2008-1 AKD
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