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APPENDIX A9 ALCOHOL, ESS7-2014 ed. 3.0
General information on the ESS alcohol measure .................................. 2
Country specific information for:
Austria ........................................................................................... 3
ESS7 Cognitive Interview Protocol for Alcohol Consumption Questions . 129
ESS7 Source Questions and Suggested UK Showcards ....................... 133
ESS7 Interviewer Feedback Form: Questions E6 to E10b .................... 141
General information on the ESS alcohol measure
The ESS Round 7 questionnaire included a set of questions on alcohol consumption behaviour as part of the module on ‘Social inequalities in health and their determinants’. The aim was to obtain measures of alcohol consumption that were comparable across countries and easy for respondents to answer. A new approach to measuring alcohol consumption was tested. All countries asked the same question, but country-specific response categories were allowed to account for the existing variability of alcoholic drinks across countries. The approach involved National Coordinators designing country-specific categories to define different quantities of alcohol typically consumed in the country and for images that illustrated these alcoholic drinks. The categories and illustrations were discussed with a central team to facilitate exchange of knowledge across countries and the posterior harmonisation of responses into total grams of alcohol. The guidelines followed by National Coordinators to select their categories and produce their illustrations can be found in pages 78 through 98. During fieldwork, interviewers were to record the number of the country-specific drinks that the respondent had consumed during the last day when they had drunk alcohol. Given that these drinks differed across countries, a system was designed in advance to compute harmonised variables that could be compared across countries. This harmonisation system was designed and documented in tables describing type of drink, quantity in millilitres, the average alcohol volume percentage and the total number of grams of alcohol in each of those drinks. By multiplying the number of drinks a respondent had by the number of grams in the drink and summing across all drink types, one can obtain the total number of grams that respondents consumed the last time they drank alcohol. This harmonised measure can be compared across countries. This document compiles the tables describing the computation of the harmonised variables and the show cards presented to respondents in each country1. After fieldwork, these tables were used to transform country specific variables into harmonised variables “alcwkdy” (corresponding to question E7) and “alcwknd” (corresponding to question E8); these harmonised variables show the total amount of alcohol in grams that the respondent reported. Notes:
1. Some categories were available to interviewers but not shown to respondents on the cards. We call these “hidden categories” and, where used, they appear at the bottom of the tables in italics.
2. Country-specific variables will be available in a later release of the ESS7 data
1 In later releases we hope to make available additional aspects of the coordination of this task.
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 2
Country-specific variables Name of drink in German English rendition of drink Type of drink
Quantity (mls)
Average %vol alcohol of drink
in Austria
Average grams of alcohol
(0.8*ml*%vol)E7_1AT / E8_1AT Großes Bier (0,5l; Krügel) Large beer Beer 500 5,0% 20,0E7_2AT / E8_2AT Bier (0,3l; Seidl) Small beer Beer 300 5,0% 12,0E7_3AT / E8_3AT Glas weiss-oder rotwein (1/8l) Small glass of wine Wine 125 12,0% 12,0E7_4AT / E8_4AT Flasche Wein Bottle of Wine Wine 750 12,0% 72,0
Denmark - Calculation of grams for variables ALCWKDY and ALCWKND
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 18
Us
s.4727 – runnde 7
A
Øl –
Glas v
Glas sp
Alcopop/a–
1 flaske
KO
– 33 cl.
vin – 12 c
iritus – 4
alkosodav25 cl.
e vin – 75
ORT 46
cl.
cl.
vand
cl.
S
6
Spørgsm
mål: E7
Øl – sto
Glas he8 c
Drink/co– 8
½ flaske37,5
7, E48
r 50 cl.
edvin – cl.
ocktail cl.
e vin – 5 cl
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 19
Us
s.4727 – run
1 glas ho
3
nde 7
Eksem
5 ø
Eksemp
hedvin, 1og ½ flas
Eksemp
3 øl og 2 g
pel 1
øl
pel 3
glas spirke vin
pel 5
glas vin
KO
ritus
RT 47a
a
4 glas v
E
1 øl,2 al
E
1 sto
Spørg
Eksemp
vin og 1 g
Eksemp
3 glas spcopop/so
Eksemp
or øl og 4
gsmål:
pel 2
glas spirit
pel 4
piritus ogodavand
pel 6
4 glas vin
E10a
tus
g
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 20
Us
s.4727 – run
1 glas h
2
nde 7
Eksem
4 ø
Eksemp
hedvin og
Eksemp
2 øl og 2 g
pel 1
øl
pel 3
g ½ flaske
pel 5
glas vin
KO
e vin
RT 47b
b
3 glas v
E
1 øl,3 al
E
Spørg
Eksemp
vin og 1 g
Eksemp
3 glas spcopop/so
Eksemp
4 glas v
gsmål:
pel 2
glas spirit
pel 4
piritus ogodavand
pel 6
vin
E10b
tus
g
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 21
Country-specific variables Name of drink in Estonian English rendition of drink
Type of drink
Quantity (mls)
Average %vol alcohol of drink
in Estonia
Average grams of alcohol
(0.8*ml*%vol)E7_1EE / E8_1EE Suur purk, pudel või klaas õlut või siidrit (500 ml) Large glass of beer or cider Beer, cider 500 5,0% 20,0E7_2EE / E8_2EE Väike purk, pudel või klaas õlut või siidrit (330 ml) Small glass of beer or cider Beer, cider 330 5,0% 13,2E7_3EE / E8_3EE Väike purk või pudel long drinki või coolerit (330 ml) Long drink or cooler Spirit 330 5,5% 14,5
E7_4EE / E8_4EE Väike klaas veini või klaas vahuveini (120ml) Small glass of wine or sparkling wine Wine 120 13,0% 12,5
E7_5EE / E8_5EE Pool pudelit veini Half bottle of wine Wine 375 13,0% 39,0 E7_6EE / E8_6EE Pudel veini (750ml) Bottle of wine Wine 750 13,0% 78,0
E7_7EE / E8_7EE Pits viina või 4cl muud kanget alkoholi (viski, konjak, liköör, jne.) Single measure of spirit or shot Spirit 40 38,0% 12,2
Country-specific variables Name of drink in Ireland
English rendition of drink Type of drink
Quantity (mls)
Average %vol alcohol of drink
in Ireland
Average grams of alcohol
(0.8*ml*%vol)E7_1IE / E8_1IE Pint of Beer, Larger, Cider, Stout Same Beer 568 4,3% 19,5
E7_2IE / E8_2IEGlass (or 1/4 bottle) of wine or sparkling (200ml)
Same Wine 200 12,5% 20,0
E7_3IE / E8_3IEHalf-pint of Beer, Larger, Cider, Stout
Same Beer 284 4,3% 9,8
E7_4IE / E8_4IE Large glass of wine (250ml) Same Wine 250 12,5% 25,0
E7_5IE / E8_5IECans/bottles of Beer, Larger, Cider, Stout
Same Beer 330 4,3% 11,4
E7_6IE / E8_6IE 1/2 Bottle of wine (375ml) Same Wine 375 12,5% 37,5E7_7IE / E8_7IE Alcopop Same Spirit 275 5,0% 11,0E7_8IE / E8_8IE Bottle of wine (750ml) Same Wine 750 12,5% 75,0
E7_9IE / E8_9IE Single pub measure of spirits or shot Same Spirit 35,5 37,5% 10,7
E7_10IE / E8_10IE Double pub measure of spirits Same Spirit 71 37,5% 21,3E7_11IE / E8_11IE Glass of Sherry or Port Same Fortified wine 71 20,0% 11,4E7_12IE / E8_12IE Cocktail Same Spirit Variable Variable 21,4
E7_13IE / E8_13IE (Cans/bottles of Beer, Larger, Cider, Stout) Same Beer 500 4,3% 17,2
E7_14IE / E8_14IE ("Naggin" of spirits) Same Spirit 200 37,5% 60,0
Ireland - Calculation of grams for variables ALCWKDY and ALCWKND
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 44
Question(s): E7, E8
CARD 46
PINT OF BEER,
LAGER, CIDER OR
STOUT OR OR
SMALL GLASS OF WINE
(200ML) OR GLASS OF
SPARKLING WINE OR ¼ BOTTLE OF
WINE
1/2 PINT BEER,
LAGER, CIDER OR
STOUT
LARGE GLASS OF WINE (250ml)
OR
CAN OR BOTTLE OF
BEER, LAGER OR
CIDER (330ML)
½ BOTTLE OF WINE (375ML)
ALCOPOP
BOTTLE OF WINE (750ML)
OR
SINGLE PUB MEASURE
OF SPIRITS OR SHOT
DOUBLE PUB MEASURE
OF SPIRITS
GLASS OF SHERRY OR
PORT
COCKTAIL
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 45
Question(s): E10a
CARD 47a
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
3½ PINTS OF BEER, LAGER, CIDER
OR STOUT
3 SMALL (200 ML) GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
6 SINGLE SHOTS OR PUB MEASURES OF SPIRITS
2 SMALL (200 ML) GLASSES OF WINE & 1 DOUBLE PUB MEASURE
OF SPIRITS
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 6
1½ PINTS OF BEER, LAGER, CIDER OR STOUT
& 3 SINGLE SHOTS
1 PINT OF BEER, LAGER, CIDER OR STOUT & 2 DOUBLE PUB
MEASURES OF SPIRITS
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 46
Question(s): E10b
CARD 47b
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
2½ PINTS OF BEER, LAGER, CIDER OR STOUT WINE
2 SMALL (200ML) GLASSES OF
WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
1 LARGE (250ML) GLASS OF WINE & 1 COCKTAIL
1 SMALL (200 ML) GLASS OF
WINE & 1 DOUBLE PUB MEASURE OF SPIRITS
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 6
2 SINGLE PUB MEASURES OF SPIRITS & 2 SINGLE SHOTS
2 ALCOPOPS
& 2 SINGLE SHOTS
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 47
Country-specific variables Name of drink in Hebrew English rendition of drink Type of drink
Quantity (mls)
Average %vol alcohol of drink
in Israel
Average grams of alcohol
(0.8*ml*%vol)E7_1IL / E8_1IL 1/3 ליטר בירה (ML330) (כוס, פחית או בקבוק) 1/3 liter of beer Beer 330 5,0% 13,2E7_2IL / E8_2IL 1/2 ליטר בירה (ML500) (כוס, פחית או בקבוק) 1/2 liter of beer Beer 500 5,0% 20,0
E7_3IL / E8_3IL כוס יין (ML175) רגיל (אדום או לבן) או מבעבע A regular glass of wine (175ml) red or white, or sparkling Wine 175 13,0% 18,2
E7_4IL / E8_4IL כוסית קטנה (צ'ייסר) של משקה חריף (ML30) (וודקה, ערק, וויסקי וכד') A small glass (chaser) of spirit (30ml) (vodka, arak, whiskey, etc.) Spirit 30 40,0% 9,6
A large glass ('shot', double chaser) of spirit (60ml) (vodka, arak, whiskey, etc.) Spirit 60 40,0% 19,2
E7_6IL / E8_6IL מנת קוקטייל A cocktail Spirit 150 13,0% 15,6
E7_7IL / E8_7IL כוס משקה מעורב: מנת משקה חריף (ML60) (וודקה, ערק, וויסקי וכד') מעורבב עם משקה אנרגיה או משקה קל
Double portion of spirit (60ml) (vodka, arak, whiskey etc.) mixed with an energy or soft drink Spirit 60 40,0% 19,2
Israel: additional language(s)Country-specific variables Name of drink in Arabic Name of drink in Russian
E7_1IL / E8_1IL 1/3 لتر بيرة (ML330) (كأس،صفيحة أو قنينة) 1/3 литра пива (ML330) (стакан, банка или бутылка)
E7_2IL / E8_2IL 1/2 لتر بيرة (ML500) (كأس،صفيحة أو قنينة) 1/2 литра пива (ML500) (стакан, банка или бутылка)
E7_3IL / E8_3IL كأس نبيذ (ML175) عادي (أحمر أو أبيض) أو شمبانيا Бокал вина (ML175) обычного (красного или белого) или игристого
E7_4IL / E8_4IL كأس صغير (تشيسر) من مشروب كحول (ML30) (فودكا، عرق، ويسكي وما شابه) Рюмка (צ'ייסר) крепкого алкогольного напитка (ML30) (водка, арак, виски и т.п.)
E7_5IL / E8_5IL كأس كبير("شوط" وجبة تشيسر مضاعفة) مشروب كحول (ML60) (فودكا، عرق، ويسكي وما شابه)
Стопка (שוט מנת צ'ייסר כפולה) крепкого алкогольного напитка (ML60) (водка, арак, виски и т.п.)
E7_6IL / E8_6IL Порция коктейля وجبة كوكتيل
E7_7IL / E8_7IL كأس مشروب مخلوط: وجبة مشروب كحول (ML60) )فودكا، عرق، ويسكي وما شابه( مخلوط مع مشروب حكول مع مشروب طاقة أو مشروب خفيف
Cтакан смешанного напитка: порция крепкого алкогольного напитка (ML60) (водка, арак, виски и т.п.) смешанного с энергетическим напитком или другим безалкогольным напитком
Israel - Calculation of grams for variables ALCWKDY and ALCWKND
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 48
46כרטיס
ליטר בירה 1/3(330ML)
)כוס, פחית או בקבוק(
של( צ'ייסר)כוסית קטנה (30MLמשקה חריף )
)וודקה, ערק, וויסקי וכד'(
ליטר בירה 1/2(500ML )
)כוס, פחית או בקבוק(
מנת "שוט" )כוסית גדולה
משקה צ'ייסר כפולה( (60ML)חריף
וכד'()וודקה, ערק, וויסקי
OR
רגיל (175ML)כוס יין או )אדום או לבן(
מבעבע
מנת קוקטייל
ב: במשקה מעורכוס (60ML) משקה חריףמנת
)וודקה, ערק, וויסקי וכד'(ב עם משקה אנרגיה במעור
או משקה קל
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 49
47aכרטיס
2דוגמא 1דוגמא
חצאי ליטר של בירה 3של ים(צ'ייסרכוסיות קטנות ) 7
משקה חריף
4דוגמא 3דוגמא
משקה של ים(צ'ייסרכוסיות קטנות ) 2 חצאי ליטר של בירה 2 -ו חריף
2 -ו ים(צ'ייסרכוסיות קטנות ) 3
משקה כוסיות גדולות )שוטים( של חריף
6דוגמא 5דוגמא
כוסות של משקה מעורבב )משקה 2חריף עם משקה קל או משקה
ים( צ'ייסרכוסיות קטנות ) 3 -אנרגיה( ו משקה חריףשל
כוסות יין 3½
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 50
b47כרטיס
2דוגמא 1דוגמא
בירהליטר 1/3של כוסות 4
מעורבב )משקה חריף כוסות של משקה 2
כוס -עם משקה קל או משקה אנרגיה( ו משקה חריף( של צ'ייסרקטנה )
4דוגמא 3דוגמא
כוסות קוקטייל וכוס יין מבעבע 2 כוסות יין 2½
6דוגמא 5דוגמא
כוסיות קטנות )צ'ייסרים( של משקה 2ליטר של 1/3כוסות של 2 -חריף ו
בירה
כוסיות קטנות )צ'ייסרים( 5
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 51
46 بطاقة
تر بيرةل 1/3
(330ML) (كأس،صفيحة أو قنينة)
من (تشيسركأس صغير )
مشروب كحول
(30ML)
فودكا، عرق، ويسكي وما ) شابه(
( 500ML) تر بيرةل 1/2 (كأس،صفيحة أو قنينة)
وجبة " )شوط"كأس كبير تشيسر مضاعفة( مشروب
(60ML)كحول وما فودكا، عرق، ويسكي)
(شابه
OR
( 175ML) كأس نبيذأو ( أحمر أو أبيض) عادي
شمبانيا
وجبة كوكتيل
وجبة مشروب مخلوط: كأس
(60ML)مشروب كحول
فودكا، عرق، ويسكي وما )مشروب مخلوط مع (شابه
أو حكول مع مشروب طاقة مشروب خفيف
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 52
47a بطاقة
2 مثال 1 مثال
أنصاف لتر بيرة 3صغيرة )تشيسير( من مشروب كؤوس 7
كحول
4 مثال 3 مثال
صغيرة )تشيسير( من مشروب كؤوس 2 أنصاف لتر بيرة 2 –كحول و
كؤوس 2 –صغيرة )تشيسير( و كؤوس 3
كبيرة )شوط( من مشروب كحول
6 مثال 5 مثال
مشروب حكول مشروب مخلوط ) كؤوس 2 3 –( و مع مشروب خفيف أو مشروب طاقة
كؤوس صغيرة )تشيسير( من مشروب كحول
יין كؤوس 3½
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 53
b47 بطاقة
2 مثال 1 مثال
لتر بيرة 1/3 منكؤوس 4
من المشروب المخلوط )مشروب كؤوس 2حكول مع مشروب خفيف أو مشروب طاقة( وكأس صغيرة )تشيسر( من مشروب كحول
4 مثال 3 مثال
كوكتيل وكأس شمبانياكؤوس 2 نبيذكؤوس 2½
6 مثال 5 مثال
مشروب كحول و صغيرة )تشيسير(كؤوس 2 لتر بيرة 1/3كؤوس من 2 –
صغيرة )تشيسير(كؤوس 5
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 54
КАРТОЧКА 46
1/3 литра пива (330ML)
(стакан, банка или бутылка)
Рюмка (צ'ייסר)
крепкого алкогольного напитка
(30ML) (водка, арак, виски и т.п.)
1/2 литра пива (330ML)
(стакан, банка или бутылка)
Стопка
(מנת צ'ייסר כפולה )שוטкрепкого алкогольного
напитка (60ML)
(водка, арак, виски и т.п.)
OR
Бокал вина (175ML )
обычного (красного или белого) или
игристого
Порция коктейля
Cтакан смешанного напитка: порция крепкого алкогольного напитка (ML60) (водка, арак, виски и т.п.) смешанного с энергетическим напитком или другим безалкогольным напитком
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 55
КАРТОЧКА 47А
Пример 1 Пример 2
3 пива по пол-литра 7 рюмок
крепкого алкогольного напитка
Пример 3 Пример 4
2 рюмки крепкого алкогольного напитка и 2 пива по пол-литра
3 рюмки и 2 стопки крепкого
алкогольного напитка
Пример 5 Пример 6
2 стакана смешанного напитка (крепкого алкогольного напитка смешанного с безалкогольным напитком или энергетическим напитком) и 3 рюмки крепкого алкогольного напитка
3 1/2 бокала вина
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 56
КАРТОЧКА 47А
Пример 1 Пример 2
4 пива по 1/3 литра
2 стакана смешанного напитка (крепкого алкогольного напитка смешанного с безалкогольным напитком или энергетическим напитком) и рюмка крепкого алкогольного напитка
Пример 3 Пример 4
2 1/2 бокала вина 2 бокала коктейля и бокал
игристого вина
Пример 5 Пример 6
2 рюмки крепкого алкогольного напитка и 2 пива по 1/3 литра
5 рюмок крепкого алкогольного
напитка
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 57
Country-specific variables Name of drink in Lithuanian English rendition of drink Type of drink
Quantity (mls)
Average %vol alcohol of drink in
Lithuania
Average grams of alcohol
(0.8*ml*%vol)
E7_1LT / E8_1LT Alaus ar sidro (apie 5%) butelis, bokalas, skardinė (500ml) Bottle, glass, can (500ml) of beer or cider (about 5%) Beer/Lager/Cider 500 5,0% 20,0
E7_2LT / E8_2LT Stipraus alaus (stipresnio nei 6,5%) butelis, bokalas, skardinė (500ml) Bottle, glass, can (500ml) of strong beer (stronger than 6.5%) Beer 500 6,5% 26,0
E7_3LT / E8_3LT Mažas (330ml) alaus ar sidro (apie 5%) butelis, bokalas, skardinė Small (330ml) bottle, glass, can of beer or cider (about 5%) Beer/Lager/Cider 330 5,0% 13,2
E7_4LT / E8_4LT Mažas (330ml) stipraus alaus (stipresnio nei 6,5%) butelis, bokalas, skardinė Small (330ml) bottle, glass, can of strong beer (stronger than 6.5%) Beer 330 6,5% 17,2
E7_5LT / E8_5LT Vyno ar putojančio vyno taurė (100ml) Glass (100ml) of wine or sparkling wine Wine 100 12,0% 9,6E7_6LT / E8_6LT Vyno ar putojančio vyno butelis (750ml) Bottle (750ml) of wine or sparkling wine Wine 750 12,0% 72,0
E7_7LT / E8_7LT Stipraus (apie 20%) vyno taurė (80ml) (spirituoto vyno, vermuto, portveino, chereso ar pan.)taurė (80ml)
Glass (80ml) of fortified (about 20%) wine (fortified wine, vermouth, port wine, sherry etc.) Fortified wine 80 20,0% 12,8
E7_8LT / E8_8LT Butelis (750ml) stipraus (apie 20 %) vyno (spirituoto vyno, vermuto, portveino, chereso ar pan.)
Bottle (750ml) of fortified (about 20%) wine (fortified wine, vermouth, port wine, sherry etc.) Fortified wine 750 20,0% 120,0
E7_9LT / E8_9LT Taurelė (40ml) stipresnio (apie 40%) spiritinio gėrimo (degtinės, brendžio, viskio, tekilos, likerio ar pan.)
E7_21LT / E8_21LT Taurelė (50ml) stipraus (50% ar daugiau) spiritinio gėrimo (stiprios ar naminės degtinės, stipraus viskio, trauktinės, likerio ar pan.)
Shot (40ml) of strong (50% or more) spirits (vodka, moonshine, whisky, bitter, liqueur etc.)
Spirits 50 50,0% 20,0
Lithuania: additional language(s)yvariables Name of drink in RussianE7_1LT / E8_1LT Бутылка, бокал, банка (500 мл.) пива или сидра (около 5%)E7_2LT / E8_2LT Бутылка, бокал, банка (500 мл.) крепкого пива (крепче, чем 6,5%)E7_3LT / E8_3LT Маленькая бутылка, бокал, банка (330 мл.) пива или сидра около 5%)E7_4LT / E8_4LT Маленькая бутылка, бокал, банка (330 мл.) крепкого пива (крепче, чем 6,5%)E7_5LT / E8_5LT Бокал (100 мл.) вина или игристого винаE7_6LT / E8_6LT Бутылка (750 мл.) вина или игристого вина
E7_7LT / E8_7LT Бокал (80 мл.) крепкого (около 20%) вина (креплёного вина, вермута, портвейна, хересаили т. п.)
E7_8LT / E8_8LT Бутылка (750 мл.) крепкого (около 20%) вина (креплёного вина, вермута, портвейна,хереса или т. п.)
E7_9LT / E8_9LT Рюмка (40 мл.) крепкого (около 40%) спиртного напитка (водки, бренди, виски, текилы,ликёра или т. п.)
E7_10LT / E8_10LT Бутылка (500 мл.) крепкого (около 40%) спиртного напитка (водки, бренди, виски,текилы, ликёра или т. п.)
E7_11LT / E8_11LT Рюмка (40 мл.) очень крепкого (50% или крепче) спиртного напитка (крепкой водки илисамогона, крепкого виски, настойки, ликёра или т. п.
E7_12LT / E8_12LT Бутылка (500 мл.) очень крепкого (50% или крепче) спиртного напитка (крепкой водки илисамогона, крепкого виски, настойки, ликёра или т. п.
E7_13LT / E8_13LT Рюмка (40 мл.) слабого (около 20%) спиртного напитка (настойки, ликёра или т. п.)
E7_14LT / E8_14LT Коктейль с 40 мл. крепкого (около 40%) спиртного напиткаE7_15LT / E8_15LT Бутылка, банка (330 мл.) алкогольного коктейляE7_16LT / E8_16LT Бутылка, банка (500 мл.) коктейля из пива
E7_17LT / E8_17LT Бокал (100 мл.) крепкого (около 20%) вина (креплёного вина, вермута, портвейна, хереса или т. п.)
E7_18LT / E8_18LT Бутылка (500 мл.) крепкого (около 20%) вина (креплёного вина, вермута, портвейна, хереса или т. п.)
E7_19LT / E8_19LT Рюмка (50 мл.) слабого (около 20%) спиртного напитка (настойки, ликёра или т. п.)
E7_20LT / E8_20LT Рюмка (50 мл.) крепкого (около 40%) спиртного напитка (водки, бренди, виски, текилы, ликёра или т. п.)
E7_21LT / E8_21LT Рюмка (50 мл.) очень крепкого (50% или крепче) спиртного напитка (крепкой водки или самогона, крепкого виски, настойки, ликёра или т. п.)
Lithuania - Calculation of grams for variables ALCWKDY and ALCWKND
Country-specific variables Name of drink in Dutch English rendition of drink Type of drink
Quantity (mls)
Average %vol alcohol of drink in Netherlands
Average grams of alcohol
(0.8*ml*%vol)E7_1NL / E8_1NL Glas bier (250ml) Half pint of beer Beer 250 5,0% 10,0E7_2NL / E8_2NL Flesje of blikje bier (330ml) Bottle or can of beer Beer 330 5,0% 13,2
E7_3NL / E8_3NLGlas of flesje speciaalbier (330ml)
Glass or bottle of speciality beer (330ml)
Beer 330 8,0% 21,1
E7_4NL / E8_4NLFlesje of blikje alcoholarm bier (330ml)
Bottle or can of beer with lower % (e.g., radler)
Beer 330 2,0% 5,3
E7_5NL / E8_5NLFlesje of blikje cider of rosé/fruitbier (250ml)
Bottle of cider or fruity/rosé beer Cider, fruit beer 250 5,0% 10,0
E7_6NL / E8_6NL Glas wijn (100ml) Small glass of wine Wine 100 12,0% 9,6E7_7NL / E8_7NL Glas sherry of port Glass sherry or port Wine 60 20,0% 9,6E7_8NL / E8_8NL Glas sterke drank of shot Single measure of spirits Spirit 35 35,0% 9,8
E7_9NL / E8_9NL MixdrankMix of single measure of spirit with soft drink
Poland - Calculation of grams for variables ALCWKDY and ALCWKND
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Country-specific variables Name of drink in Portuguese English rendition of drink Type of drink
Quantity (mls)
Average %vol alcohol of drink
in Portugal
Average grams of alcohol
(0.8*ml*%vol)E7_1PT / E8_PT Caneca de cerveja (50cl) Beer Mug (50cl) Beer 500 5,0% 20,0E7_2PT / E8_2PT Imperial ou mini (20-25cl) Glass or small bottle of beer (20-25cl) Beer 225 5,0% 9,0E7_3PT / E8_3PT Lata ou garrafa de cerveja (33cl) Can or bottle of beer (33cl) Beer 330 5,0% 13,2E7_4PT / E8_4PT Copo de vinho (13cl) Glass of wine (13cl) Wine 130 12,0% 12,5E7_5PT / E8_5PT Garrafa de vinho (75cl) Bottle of wine (75cl) Wine 750 12,0% 72,0
Slovenia - Calculation of grams for variables ALCWKDY and ALCWKND
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Vprašanje: E7, E8 KARTICA 46
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Vprašanje: E10a KARTICA 47a
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Vprašanje: E10b KARTICA 47b
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Country-specific variables Name of drink in Spanish English rendition of drink Type of drink
Quantity (mls)
Average %vol alcohol of drink
in Spain
Average grams of alcohol
(0.8*ml*%vol)E7_1ES / E8_1ES Clara de cerveza (200 ml.) Beer mixed with soda (200 ml.) Beer 200 2,5% 4,0E7_2ES / E8_2ES Tinto de verano o sangría Wine mixed with soda, sangria Wine 125 6,5% 6,5E7_3ES / E8_3ES Caña pequeña o botellín/quinto (200 ml.) Glass of draught beer/Bottle of beer (200 ml.) Beer 200 5,0% 8,0
E7_4ES / E8_4ES Tercio, lata o caña grande (330 ml.)Large glass of draught beer/'Double'/'Third' (330 ml bottle)
Beer 330 5,0% 13,2
E7_5ES / E8_5ES Copa de vino o cava Red, white or sparkling glass of wine Wine 125 13,0% 13,0E7_6ES / E8_6ES Aperitivo: fino, jerez o vermut Aperitif: sherry, vermouth Fortified wine 65 16,0% 8,3E7_7ES / E8_7ES Botella de vino (750 ml.) Bottle of wine (750 ml.) Wine 750 13,0% 78,0E7_8ES / E8_8ES Litrona o “mini” (1 litro de cerveza) Litre of beer Beer 1000 5,0% 40,0E7_9ES / E8_9ES Chupito de licor Shot of liqueur Spirit 30 30,0% 7,2E7_10ES / E8_10ES Cocktail: mojito, caipirinha, etc. Cocktail Spirit 60 35,0% 16,8
E7_11ES / E8_11ES Licor fuerte: whisky, orujo, ginebra, coñac, etc. Glass of spirit Spirit 70 35,0% 19,6
E7_12ES / E8_12ESCombinado: gintonic, vodka con refresco, cubata, etc.
Mixed drink Spirit 70 35,0% 19,6
E7_13ES / E8_13ES (Media botella de vino) (Half bottle of wine) Wine 375 13,0% 39,0E7_14ES / E8_14ES (Sidra, vaso 100 ml) (Cider, 100 ml glass) Cider 100 4,5% 3,6
Spain: additional language(s)
Country-specific variables Name of drink in Catalan
E7_1ES / E8_1ES Clara de cervesa (200 ml.)E7_2ES / E8_2ES Tinto de verano o sangriaE7_3ES / E8_3ES Canya petita o quinto (200 ml.)E7_4ES / E8_4ES Canya gran, llauna o mitjana (330 ml.)E7_5ES / E8_5ES Copa de vi o cavaE7_6ES / E8_6ES Aperitiu: mançanilla, xerès, o vermutE7_7ES / E8_7ES Ampolla de vi (750 ml)E7_8ES / E8_8ES Xibeca (litrona) o “mini” (1 llitre de cervesa)E7_9ES / E8_9ES Xarrup (Txupito) de licorE7_10ES / E8_10ES Còctel: mojito, caipirinha, etc.
E7_11ES / E8_11ES Licor fort: whisky, orujo, ginebra, conyac, etc.
E7_12ES / E8_12ES Combinat: gintonic, vodka amb refresc, “cubata”.
E7_13GB / E8_13GB3 Half bottle of wine Wine 375 37512,0%
36,0 36,0
E7_14GB / E8_14GB3 Half bottle of spirits Spirits 350 35040,0%
112,0 112,0
Note: Measures for single and double shots differ in Northern Ireland; showcards and grams of alcohol were adapted accordingly (see categories 9, 10, and 11).
UK - Calculation of grams for variables ALCWKDY and ALCWKND
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Question(s): ALCWKDY, ALCWKND
CARD 46
PINT OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER, LAGER OR CIDER
BOTTLE OF WINE (750ML)
OR
CAN OR BOTTLE OF NORMAL
STRENGTH BEER, LAGER OR CIDER
(440ML)
GLASS OF SHERRY/PORT
PINT OF STRONG (5% ABV or more) BEER, LAGER OR
CIDER
OR
SINGLE MEASURE OF SPIRITS OR
SHOTS
OR
CAN OR BOTTLE OF STRONG (5%
ABV or more) BEER, LAGER OR
CIDER (440ML)
DOUBLE MEASURE OF
SPIRITS
LARGE GLASS OF WINE (250ML)
COCKTAIL
OR
SMALL GLASS OF WINE (175ML) OR
GLASS OF SPARKLING WINE
ALCOPOP
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Question(s): ALCBNGEM
CARD 47a
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
3 AND A HALF PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER
4 SMALL GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
1 AND A HALF PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER & 2
SMALL GLASSES OF WINE
1 DOUBLE MEASURE OF SPIRITS & 2 LARGE GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 6
8 SINGLE MEASURES OF SPIRITS
2 ALCOPOPS, A PINT OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER, & 3
SINGLE SHOTS
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Question(s): ALCBNGEF
CARD 47b
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
2 PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER AND A SINGLE MEASURE OF
SPIRITS 2 LARGE GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
3 GLASSES OF SPARKLING WINE
2 DOUBLE MEASURES OF SPIRITS & 1 SMALL GLASS OF WINE
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 6
3 SINGLE MEASURES OF SPIRITS & 3 SINGLE SHOTS
2 ALCOPOPS & 3 SINGLE SHOTS
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Question(s): ALCWKDY, ALCWKND
CARD 46
PINT OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER, LAGER OR CIDER
BOTTLE OF WINE (750ML)
OR
CAN OR BOTTLE OF NORMAL
STRENGTH BEER, LAGER OR CIDER
(440ML)
GLASS OF SHERRY/PORT
PINT OF STRONG (5% ABV or more) BEER, LAGER OR
CIDER
OR
SINGLE MEASURE OF SPIRITS OR
SHOTS
OR
CAN OR BOTTLE OF STRONG (5%
ABV or more) BEER, LAGER OR
CIDER (440ML)
DOUBLE MEASURE OF
SPIRITS
LARGE GLASS OF WINE (250ML)
COCKTAIL
OR
SMALL GLASS OF WINE (175ML) OR
GLASS OF SPARKLING WINE
ALCOPOP
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Question(s): ALCBNGEM
CARD 47a
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
3 AND A HALF PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER
4 SMALL GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
1 AND A HALF PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER & 2
SMALL GLASSES OF WINE
1 DOUBLE MEASURE OF SPIRITS & 2 LARGE GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 6
8 SINGLE MEASURES OF SPIRITS
2 ALCOPOPS, A PINT OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER, & 3
SINGLE SHOTS
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Question(s): ALCBNGEF
CARD 47b
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
2 PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER AND A SINGLE MEASURE OF
SPIRITS 2 LARGE GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
3 GLASSES OF SPARKLING WINE
2 DOUBLE MEASURES OF SPIRITS & 1 SMALL GLASS OF WINE
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 6
3 SINGLE MEASURES OF SPIRITS & 3 SINGLE SHOTS
2 ALCOPOPS & 3 SINGLE SHOTS
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Question(s): ALCWKDY, ALCWKND
CARD 46
PINT OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER, LAGER OR CIDER
BOTTLE OF WINE (750ML)
OR
CAN OR BOTTLE OF NORMAL
STRENGTH BEER, LAGER OR CIDER
(440ML)
GLASS OF SHERRY/PORT
PINT OF STRONG (5% ABV or more) BEER, LAGER OR
CIDER
OR
SINGLE MEASURE OF SPIRITS OR
SHOTS
OR
CAN OR BOTTLE OF STRONG (5%
ABV or more) BEER, LAGER OR
CIDER (440ML)
DOUBLE MEASURE OF
SPIRITS
LARGE GLASS OF WINE (250ML)
COCKTAIL
OR
SMALL GLASS OF WINE (175ML) OR
GLASS OF SPARKLING WINE
ALCOPOP
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Question(s): ALCBNGEM
CARD 47a
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
3 AND A HALF PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER
4 SMALL GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
1 AND A HALF PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER & 2
SMALL GLASSES OF WINE
1 DOUBLE MEASURE OF SPIRITS & 2 LARGE GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 6
8 SINGLE MEASURES OF SPIRITS
2 ALCOPOPS, A PINT OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER, & 3
SINGLE SHOTS
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Question(s): ALCBNGEF
CARD 47b
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
2 PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER AND A SINGLE MEASURE OF
SPIRITS 2 LARGE GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
3 GLASSES OF SPARKLING WINE
2 DOUBLE MEASURES OF SPIRITS & 1 SMALL GLASS OF WINE
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 6
3 SINGLE MEASURES OF SPIRITS & 3 SINGLE SHOTS
2 ALCOPOPS & 3 SINGLE SHOTS
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Question(s): ALCWKDY, ALCWKND
CARD 46
PINT OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER, LAGER OR CIDER
BOTTLE OF WINE (750ML)
OR
CAN OR BOTTLE OF NORMAL
STRENGTH BEER, LAGER OR CIDER
(440ML)
GLASS OF SHERRY/PORT
PINT OF STRONG (5% ABV or more) BEER, LAGER OR
CIDER
OR
SINGLE MEASURE OF SPIRITS OR
SHOTS
OR
CAN OR BOTTLE OF STRONG (5%
ABV or more) BEER, LAGER OR
CIDER (440ML)
DOUBLE MEASURE OF
SPIRITS
LARGE GLASS OF WINE (250ML)
COCKTAIL
OR
SMALL GLASS OF WINE (175ML) OR
GLASS OF SPARKLING WINE
ALCOPOP
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Question(s): ALCBNGEM
CARD 47a
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
3 AND A HALF PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER
4 SMALL GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
1 AND A HALF PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER & 2
SMALL GLASSES OF WINE
1 SINGLE MEASURE OF SPIRITS
& 2 LARGE GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 6
6 SINGLE MEASURES OF SPIRITS
2 ALCOPOPS, A PINT OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER, & 2
SINGLE SHOTS
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Question(s): ALCBNGEF
CARD 47b
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
2 PINTS OF NORMAL STRENGTH BEER AND A SINGLE MEASURE OF
SPIRITS 2 LARGE GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
3 GLASSES OF SPARKLING WINE
3 SINGLE MEASURES OF SPIRITS & 1 SMALL GLASS OF WINE
NB: Document updated following ESS7 Source Questionnaire Alert 02 (29 May 2014)
1. Summary
Prior to Round 7 fieldwork, a consultation on the adaptation of the alcohol consumption questions will take place between National Coordinators (NCs), ESS ERIC HQ (HQ), GESIS and NSD. The aim of this process is to provide guidance to NCs in adapting the showcards for the alcohol questions to the kinds of drinks available and common in their countries, and thus enhance equivalence of these measures across countries. We hope to encourage reflection (and discussion where necessary) on the drink categories and images that are used for these questions. The four questions that measure alcohol consumption are:
- E6 – alcfreq – Frequency of alcohol consumption (adaptation permitted, see source questionnaire).
- E7 – alcwkdy / E8 – alcwknd – Quantity and type of drinks consumed the last time respondent drank on a weekday / weekend day (adaptation of showcard and response categories required but question stem to simply be translated).
- E10a/E10b – alcbnge – Frequency of binge drinking behaviour for men and women (only showcard adaptation required; question stem and categories to simply be translated).
These questions are part of a new approach to measuring alcohol consumption cross-nationally designed for the module on ‘Social inequalities in health and their determinants’. All questions are included in the ESS Round7 source questionnaire released on 31 March 2014. The current document explains the need for and describes the process of adaptation, and the accompanying excel file containing consultation template (‘ESS7 Alcohol Consumption Questions Adaptation - Consultation Template’) should be used to document the adaptation and consultation process. Please read this document carefully, complete the accompanying excel file and send this to Ana Villar at [email protected].
2. Background The aim of the approach to alcohol measurement described in this document is to obtain measures that are as comparable across countries as possible and that are easy for respondents to answer. Previous versions of the alcohol consumption questions tested in the source questionnaire design process seemed ill-suited for cross-national comparisons. The first approach proposed by the QDT used existing questions that relied on defining alcohol units and having respondents report their drinking in terms of those units (for example, a pint of beer in the UK corresponded to 2 units). Including a definition of an alcohol unit posed problems. First, existing definitions of standard alcohol units differ across countries in the number of grams of alcohol a unit contains. In countries where people are familiar with alcohol units, using an alternative definition could have been confusing, thus preventing us from being able to use a standard definition of ‘a unit’ across all
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 119
countries. However, using country-specific units could also cause problems: in countries where units represent fewer grams of alcohol, respondents would need to admit to drinking a higher number of units than in countries where units have more grams of alcohol. One might expect that the larger the number used to describe the same amount of alcohol, the less willing respondents will be to admit drinking that amount. In addition, respondents in the UK and Portugal pilot surveys seemed to have difficulty understanding the quantity and binge-drinking questions: calculating units from the showcards was cognitively challenging, requiring extensive help from the interviewers. Interviewers stated that respondents tended to answer the question about quantity by reporting the actual drinks they had (e.g., a glass of wine, a gin and tonic), and that respondents seemed to be answering the binge drinking question thinking about incorrect amounts of alcohol. Existing alternative approaches that would overcome some of the limitations of the quantity questions relied on self-reports of ‘drinks’ without accounting for country differences in typical drink size or used more items than the module had space for; in addition, all existing binge-drinking questions we were able to find relied on the respondent making complicated calculations. Therefore, a new set of items has been developed to measure alcohol consumption using four items and trying to simplify the respondent’s task as much as possible. These items try to match the way respondents think about alcohol consumption, avoid the use of alcohol units and ask instead about the actual drinks respondents have drunk on a given day. The approach calls for country-specific categories to define different quantities of alcohol and for images that illustrate alcoholic drinks as well as binge drinking amounts, with posterior harmonisation of responses into total grams of alcohol (see further details in sections 3, 4, and 5). A test of the questions in an omnibus survey suggests that they work well in the UK and a test adaptation into Spanish also proved successful in cognitive interviewing.
3. Procedural steps for NCs Adaptation of showcards 46, 47a, and 47b. All ESS Round 7 National Coordinators are asked to adapt showcards 46, 47a, and 47b, and the response categories for variables E7 and E8 (see guidelines for adaptation in section 4) and send these in a word document to Ana Villar at ESS ERIC HQ ([email protected]) and Brita Dorer at GESIS ([email protected]). We will then send you comments, queries and suggestions in a new version of these documents, which you are asked to accept, reject or revise as necessary. These steps will be repeated until a signed off result has been reached. The showcards and response categories must be signed off before fieldwork starts; the decision-making process must be documented in the excel consultation template. Drinks-to-grams conversion table: harmonisation of variables E7 and E8. Interviewers will record the number of each drink that respondents had the last time they drank alcohol; this information needs to be harmonised, and this will be done by providing a variable that summarises the number of alcohol grams contained in those drinks. For that purpose, NCs are asked to provide a ‘drinks-to-grams’ table (see UK example in Table 2 below). The drinks-to-grams table is part of the accompanying excel file and it will describe the average number of alcohol grams in each drink presented in the response options. The conversion of volumes of alcoholic drinks presented in the showcards to grams of alcohol is based on assumptions about the alcohol content of the type of drink (that is, the percentage of alcohol by volume). NCs are asked to include information on how the number of grams was calculated and any sources used to produce the drinks-to-grams table (suggestions on how to create this table can be found in section 5). The drinks-to-grams table must be completed and signed off before fieldwork starts; the decision-making process must be documented in the excel consultation template.
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Cognitive interviewing of alcohol consumption questions. NCs are required to carry out at least four cognitive interviews as part of the adaptation process. During pre-testing of the new source alcohol consumption questions, the CST conducted a few ‘informal’ cognitive interviews in the UK, and to test the adaptation process and its cross-national suitability, a trial adaptation of the
showcards into Spanish was attempted including cognitive interviews2. It was found that some images were perceived as uncommon, and suggestions for changes in both the images and the names of the drinks were obtained in both countries. From this experience we learned that designing showcards that accurately reflect the terminology used by respondents can be a complex task, and that cognitive interviewing had been remarkably helpful in that process. Therefore, NCs are asked to carry out at least four cognitive interviews to ensure that the questions and showcards are understood in the intended way and that no drink images or names are perceived as strange or incoherent. The protocol used in the UK and Spain to conduct the cognitive interviews as well as the question set to administer before using cognitive probes are available for NCs to use. Submission of final set of questions, showcards, drinks-to-grams table. After the final questions, showcards and drinks-to-grams table have been agreed and signed off, all national teams will also be asked to send the questionnaire items for E6 (alcfreq), E7 (alcwkdy), E8 (alcwknd), and E10a/E10b (alcbnge) (as they would appear in the questionnaire) to ESS ERIC HQ ([email protected]). Signed off showcards will be uploaded to the ESS Round 7 intranet. Data preparation for deposit. Questions E7 and E8 are asked in a way that makes harmonisation possible by multiplying the country-specific variables by the number of grams per unit in that country as in Table 2. The CST will provide the syntax to compute such variables once questions and showcards have been signed off. Questions E6 and E10a/E10b will not require post-coding.
4. Alcohol Consumption Questions – Adaptation Guidelines E7 and E8 – CARD 46. Quantity of alcohol consumed last time the respondent drank Country teams are required to adapt the showcards to include images and amounts of alcoholic drinks that are most commonly consumed in your country. Information about drinks commonly consumed can be obtained from official or trust-worthy reports available in your country, such as data on sales, health and safe driving guidelines, or market research studies (see also section 5). Size of the drinks and the specific examples of the most common forms in which each of those drinks are consumed will vary across countries. The UK showcards have been included in the Round 7 source showcards as examples. But if, for example, in your country it is common to refer to alcohol quantities in bottles of liquor (e.g., half a bottle of vodka), make sure that this kind of answer is available to respondents. We do not recommend exceeding 12 examples, as too much information on the card could result in excessive cognitive burden for the respondent. Please note that in some countries it might be necessary to account for the different alcohol gradient sometimes found in similar types of drinks; in such cases, countries might choose to include not only different sizes but refer to different strengths of a drink. For example, strong beer could be recorded as a separate category from regular strength beer if it is commonly drank in your country.
2 Because this task had not been anticipated and no budget was available for it, CST members in Spain and UK conducted cognitive interviews with a convenience sample. Even though this is not the recommended way to conduct cognitive interviews, the CST found that it was better to obtain some information from respondents from the target population than rely exclusively on the expert reviews, quantitative data, and interviewer feedback. The cognitive interviewing process proved to be quite useful especially in adapting the cards to a new language.
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E7 and E8 – Interviewer instructions and probes and additional response categories.
Some respondents may not provide an answer that matches the categories available to interviewers. When the answer is not available as a response option, interviewers should probe respondents to encourage them to select an answer from the available options. For that reason we have suggested additional probes for the UK questions (see table below) that can be adapted to the specific needs of each country. Interviewer probes when respondent gives a mismatch answer
Respondent says: Interviewer ask: A gin & tonic/2 vodkas/3 tequilas/etc. Was that a single or double measure? A pitcher/jug of beer How many pints would you say that was? A bottle of vodka/gin/whisky/other spirits
About how many shots of (...) would you say that was? (I: Record number in ‘single measures of spirits’)
A drink you haven’t heard of or don’t know how to classify
Which of the drinks in the card would be closest to what you drank?
It is also possible that 12 images may not be sufficient to cover all kinds of forms and quantities in which alcoholic drinks can be found. If specific quantities could be reported that respondents would find difficult to ‘transform’ into one of the response categories even after probing, the list of response categories could include additional response options for interviewers to record such answers, even though these are not included in the showcard. In the UK case, for example, the CST has suggested adding ‘half a bottle of spirits’ and ‘half a bottle of wine’ to the response category list, but not to the showcard, to help interviewers record these answers (see Table 2, page 5). However, we do not recommend doing this with more than 2 response categories, because the list would become too long and difficult to manage by the interviewer. Such additional categories must be included in the drinks-to-grams table. Please note that in addition to the probes in the table, a general probe is included in the source questions that should be asked to everyone that mentions any drink: ‘Any other drinks?’ Therefore, there are a total of 3 interviewer instructions (to pause for respondents to consider the card, to enter the number of each drink mentioned by the respondent, and to use the probing table if needed) and one general probe. For each type of drink, the interviewer should enter the number of drinks of that type as reported by the respondent. For drinks that are not mentioned, the cell should be left empty. If the respondent answers ‘don’t know’, refuses to answer or says they never drink on those days, the interviewer will record this using the hidden codes as per the source questionnaire. Additional specifications about how to process answers for these questions will be provided in the ESS 2014 Data Protocol, which will be made available from late June/early July 2014. E10a and E10b – CARD 47a/47b. Frequency of binge drinking Following existing health guidelines, we define binge drinking as drinking about 64 (males) or 48 (females) grams or more of alcohol in one single occasion3. Therefore, NCs should create six
3 There is no consensus on how many grams of alcohol should constitute binge drinking. The WHO is slightly elusive about giving definitions for unit of alcohol and binge drinking. The WHO references found (see, for instance, http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/msbgsruprofiles.pdf) seem to define binge drinking (‘heavy episodic drinking’) as consuming 60 grams of alcohol or more in one single occasion (without distinction of male or female drinkers), which is approximately the amount in our male show card, and also approximately matches the UK guidelines for males (1 UK unit = 8 grams x 8 units = 64 grams).
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 122
examples for males and six for females representing approximately 64 and 48 grams of alcohol respectively, combining the kinds of drinks that were shown in card 46. The examples reflect different numbers of drinks depending on the alcohol content shown in each image (for example, a woman would need to drink two large glasses of wine but six alcopops to be considered binge drinking). We recommend that the country-specific examples show drinks and drink combinations that look typical to the country for each group (males and females). Drinks that are not included in card 46 should not be added to card 47a/47b.
5. Drinks-to-grams table – Calculation Guidelines To create a drinks-to-grams table NCs should determine the average alcoholic volume in the type of drink represented in each category, as well as the average number of millilitres typically served. A number of different sources could be used to estimate these values. Existing country guidelines related to campaigns directed to improve health behaviour and/or to prevent driving under the influence (see http://www.drinkdriving.org/worldwide_drink_driving_limits.php#bac_limits) could contain useful information about the country’s average alcohol content in certain drinks and serve as a good basis. Official national sales reports or market research reports are sometimes available for purchase. For example, one can find information on alcohol sales in the UK by looking at national statistics on alcohol duty (https://www.uktradeinfo.com/Statistics/), and data on various countries is available from the website of the Wine and Spirits Trade Association, together with useful links to other related websites (http://www.wsta.co.uk/resources/useful-links). If no official numbers are available, NCs should not rely only on their own experience to estimate the average number of millilitres or alcohol grams in a drink; experts can be consulted, and establishments where alcohol is served can be visited to gather information. Sources and procedures used to fill out the drinks-to-grams table should be documented in the accompanying consultation template (excel file). For example, the UK guidelines published by the National Health System were used to create the table below: a UK alcohol unit has 8.1 grams of alcohol, and the guidelines suggest that one pint of regular beer contains two units, therefore the pints of beers in the UK have, on average, about 16 grams. Drinks-to-grams table for UK (E7/E8)
Variable name List of drinks in response categories of questions E7 and E8 Average grams
E7_1GB/E8_1GB Pints of beer, lager or cider 16 E7_2GB/E8_2GB Half pints of beer, lager or cider 8 E7_3GB/E8_3GB Cans or bottles of beer, lager or cider (330ml) 12 E7_4GB/E8_4GB Large glasses of wine (250ml) 24 E7_5GB/E8_5GB Small glasses of wine (175ml) or glasses of sparkling wine 14 E7_6GB/E8_6GB Bottles of wine (750ml) 72 E7_7GB/E8_7GB Glasses of sherry/port 8 E7_8GB/E8_8GB Single measures of spirits or shots 8 E7_9GB/E8_9GB Double measures of spirits 16
‐‐‐‐/‐‐‐‐ (Not applicable – 11 images were sufficient in the UK) ‐‐ E7_13GB/E8_13GB Half a bottle of wine 36 E7_14GB/E8_14GB Half a bottle of spirits (15 single shots) 120
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 123
Please note when calculating the average grams of alcohol in a drink that alcohol is less dense than water (1 millilitre weights less than 1 gram), so the formula to compute grams of alcohol is as follows:
0.8 x volume of alcohol in millilitres x alcohol by volume %
For example, a bottle of 330 ml of a beer with an alcohol by volume of 4.8% would contain 0.8 x 330 x 4.8% = 12.7 grams of alcohol.
6. Checklist for NCs and CST
1. NC to make a draft version of showcard 46 thinking about drinks (beer, wine, cider, spirits or others) most commonly consumed in your country. Make sure that you are not violating copyright law by using the images you select.
2. NC to research the grams of alcohol in each drink on the showcard and/or response categories available to interviewers and create a drinks-to-grams table in the consultation template (excel file).
3. NC to design the male and female binge drinking showcards (47a and 47b), including six examples in each showcard.
4. NC to organise translation of questions E6 to E10b using the ESS TRAPD procedure. 5. NC to conduct at least 4 cognitive interviews to test the questions and showcards. (A
cognitive interview protocol is available (in English). 6. NC to document decisions and decision-making process using the excel file ‘ESS7 Alcohol
Consumption Questions Adaptation – Consultation Template’. 7. NC to send all of the above (translated questions, showcards, and consultation template
8. CST to send comments to NCs. Questions, showcards, and drinks-to-grams table to be revised by NCs as required until agreement is reached and documents are signed off.
9. CST to provide syntax to compute grams variables (see point 13). 10. CST to upload country-specific cards to the Round 7 intranet (after sign off) for other
countries to use for reference. 11. NC to print showcards 46, 47a, and 47b on A4 and vertically, preferably in colour print. 12. Optional: The interviewer feedback form used in the last pre-test of the alcohol questions is
available. NCs are welcome to use this as part of their questionnaire pre-test for Round 7. 13. Post-data collection processing of the data: two harmonised variables will need to be created
by the NC team, one for last time drinking during the week (E7 – alcwkdy: total grams of alcohol consumed last time respondent drank on a weekend), one for last time drinking during the weekend week (E8 – alcwknd: total grams of alcohol consumed last time respondent drank on a weekend). Further details regarding the format of these variables will be made available on the ESS7 2014 Data Protocol. The syntax for creating these variables will be provided by the CST.
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 124
Cognitive Interview Protocol for Alcohol
Consumption Questions
ESS ROUND 7: PROTOCOL FOR COGNITIVE INTERVIEWING OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION QUESTIONS
Cognitive protocol steps:
A. Select respondents that have ever had an alcoholic drink in their life.
B. Try to get permission to record the interview.
C. Administer the questions using the question set in Appendix 2 exactly as a survey interviewer would administer it, including all interviewer probes. Please write down any spontaneous comments or reactions to the questions while administering the question set (that is, before probing starts).
D. Explain the cognitive interview task and the rationale behind it: ‘I would like you to share as much information and detail on how you answered the questions as possible. Sometimes my questions might be a bit hard to answer. We appreciate your effort and cooperation.’
E. Use the scripted probes as needed, and feel free to ask any other probes that you might find necessary during the interview. The script is organised by question, skipping question E6 (but feel free to include it) and showing a brief outline of the question at the top just as a reminder of the question topic. Start exploring each question by asking the general probe ‘how did you come up with that answer’ followed by the probes for that specific question. Probes 1 and 4 should generally be asked of every question.
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 125
Questions inside boxes are included just for reference.
E7 CARD 46 Please think about the last time you were drinking alcohol on a Monday, a Tuesday, a Wednesday or a Thursday.
1. INITIAL SCRIPTED PROBE: How did you come up with that answer?
If necessary: Did you answer the question thinking about a typical weekday or where you thinking about a specific day?
AREAS TO EXPLORE: 2. WHAT TIME FRAME ARE RESPONDENTS THINKING ABOUT? Possible probes if
the respondent has not volunteered the information: Please describe the day you were thinking about when answering this
question – give as much detail as you can. When did the drinking take place (date and time)? Where were you (home, restaurant, bar, pub, friend’s home, work, special event...)? Did you have any drinks right before/after that? (This probe tries to identify whether
they are forgetting to include any drinks they should be including).
3. HOW ARE RESPONDENTS CONVERTING THEIR ACTUAL ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION INTO THE RESPONSE OPTIONS WE ARE GIVING THEM? Possible probes if the respondent has not volunteered the information: You said you had (insert drinks), can you tell me more about the drinks you
had (what type of spirits/what brand of beer/...)? Did you have any problems making these drinks fit into the categories on the card? Were there any drinks you had to leave out because they did not fit into the
categories on the card?
4. FINAL SCRIPTED PROBE: Were there any other parts of the question that were not clear or that you found especially difficult?
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 126
E8 STILL CARD 46 Now please think about the last time you were drinking alcohol on a Friday, a Saturday or a Sunday.
1. INITIAL SCRIPTED PROBE: How did you come up with that answer?
If necessary: Did you answer the question initially thinking about a typical weekend or where you thinking about a specific day?
AREAS TO EXPLORE: 2. WHAT TIME FRAME ARE RESPONDENTS THINKING ABOUT? Possible probes if
the respondent has not volunteered the information: Please describe the day you were thinking about when answering this
question – give as much detail as you can. When did the drinking take place (date and time)? Where were you (home, restaurant, bar, pub, friend’s home, work, special event...)? Did you have any drinks right before/after that? (This probe tries to identify whether
they are forgetting to include any drinks they should be including).
3. HOW ARE RESPONDENTS CONVERTING THEIR ACTUAL ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION INTO THE RESPONSE OPTIONS WE ARE GIVING THEM? Possible probes if the respondent has not volunteered the information: You said you had (insert drinks), can you tell me more about the drinks you
had (what type of spirits/what brand of beer/...)? Did you have any problems making these drinks fit into the categories on the card? Were there any drinks you had to leave out because they did not fit into the
categories on the card? 4. FINAL SCRIPTED PROBE: Were there any other parts of the question that were
not clear or that you found especially difficult?
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 127
E10a/E10b CARD 47 This card shows six different examples of how much alcohol a person might drink on a single occasion.
In the last 12 months, how often have you drunk this amount of alcohol or more on a single occasion? Was it...READ OUT... ...daily or almost daily, weekly, monthly, less than monthly or, never?
1. INITIAL SCRIPTED PROBE: How did you come up with that answer? AREAS TO EXPLORE: 2. ARE THE EXAMPLES HELPING THE RESPONDENT COME UP WITH AN
ANSWER? Possible probes if the respondent has not volunteered the information: Which of the examples on the card did you use when thinking about your
answer? Why did you choose that one? Did you find any of the pictures confusing?
If yes - Did that affect how you came up with your answer? When you were answering the question did you feel that all the pictures showed
similar amounts?
3. WHAT ARE THE KINDS OF SITUATIONS THAT RESPONDENTS ARE THINKING ABOUT WITH RESPECT TO THIS QUESTION? Possible probes if the respondent has not volunteered the information: You said that in the last 12 months, you have drunk (insert frequency), can
you tell me more about how you calculated that answer? How far back did you think about when coming up with an answer (which month and
year)? Were you thinking of any specific instances when coming up with an answer?
Please describe these instances. 4. FINAL SCRIPTED PROBE: Were there any parts of the question that were not
clear or especially difficult?
E6-E10 ADDITIONAL GENERAL PROBES
1. We are planning to ask these questions in a survey of the general population.
Do you think that people will find these questions difficult to answer? Why? 2. Do you think these questions might be sensitive for some people? Why? 3. Do you have any additional comments about these questions?
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 128
Appendix 2 Source Alcohol Consumption Questions and Suggested UK Showcards
E6 CARD 45 In the last 12 months, that is since [MONTH, YEAR], how
often have you had a drink containing alcohol? This could be wine, beer, cider, spirits or other drinks containing alcohol. Please choose an answer from this card.
INTERVIEWER: Refer to the same month as the interview but of the previous year. For example, if the interview takes place in September 2014, use [September 2013].
Every day 01
ASK E7
Several times a week 02Once a week 032-3 times a month 04Once a month 05Less than once a month 06Never 07 GO TO E11 (Don’t know) 88 ASK E7
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 129
ASK IF CODE 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06 OR 88 AT E6
E7 CARD 46 Please think about the last time you were drinking alcohol on a Monday, a Tuesday, a Wednesday or a Thursday. INTERVIEWER PAUSE TO ALLOW RESPONDENT TO CONSIDER THE SHOWCARD. How many of each of the following drinks did you have on that day? Use this card to guide your answer.
INTERVIEWER PROBE: any other drinks? INTERVIEWER: If respondent gives an answer that is not on the card, please refer to the box below:
Respondent says: Interviewer ask: A gin & tonic/2 vodkas/3 tequilas/etc.
Was that a single or double measure?
A pitcher/jug of beer How many pints would you say that was? A bottle of vodka/gin/whisky/other spirits
About how many shots of (...) would you say that was? (I: Record number in ‘single measures of spirits’)
A drink you haven’t heard of or don’t know how to classify
Which of the drinks in the card would be closest to what you drank?
INTERVIEWER RECORD NUMBER OF EACH TYPE OF DRINK:
Pints of beer, lager or cider Half pints of beer, lager or cider Cans or bottles of beer, lager or cider (330ml) Large glasses of wine (250ml) Small glasses of wine (175ml) or glasses of sparkling wine Bottles of wine (750ml) Glasses of sherry/port Single measures of spirits or shots Double measures of spirits Cocktails Alcopops (Half a bottle of wine) (Half a bottle of spirits – 15 single shots)
555 (Never drink alcohol Monday to Thursday)888 (Don’t know)
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 130
E8 STILL CARD 46 Now please think about the last time you were
drinking alcohol on a Friday, a Saturday or a Sunday. INTERVIEWER PAUSE TO ALLOW RESPONDENT TO CONSIDER THE SHOWCARD. How many of each of the following drinks did you have on that day?
INTERVIEWER PROBE: any other drinks? INTERVIEWER: If respondent gives an answer that is not on the card, please refer to the box below:
Respondent says: Interviewer ask: A gin & tonic/2 vodkas/3 tequilas/etc.
Was that a single or double measure?
A pitcher/jug of beer How many pints would you say that was? A bottle of vodka/gin/whisky/other spirits
About how many shots of (...) would you say that was? (I: Record number in ‘single measures of spirits’)
A drink you haven’t heard of or don’t know how to classify
Which of the drinks in the card would be closest to what you drank?
INTERVIEWER RECORD NUMBER OF EACH TYPE OF DRINK:
Pints of beer, lager or cider Half pints of beer, lager or cider Cans or bottles of beer, lager or cider (330ml) Large glasses of wine (250ml) Small glasses of wine (175ml) or glasses of sparkling wine Bottles of wine (750ml) Glasses of sherry/port Single measures of spirits or shots Double measures of spirits Cocktails Alcopops (Half a bottle of wine) (Half a bottle of spirits – 15 single shots)
555 (Never drink alcohol Friday to Sunday)888 (Don’t know)
E9 INTERVIEWER CODE: Respondent Male 1 ASK E10a
Respondent Female 2 GO TO E10b
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 131
ASK IF CODE 1 AT E9 E10a CARD 47a This card shows six different examples of how much alcohol people might
drink on a single occasion. INTERVIEWER PAUSE TO ALLOW RESPONDENT TO CONSIDER THE SHOWCARD. In the last 12 months, how often have you drunk this amount of alcohol or more on a single occasion? Was it...READ OUT...
...daily or almost daily, 1
GO TO E11
weekly, 2monthly, 3
less than monthly, 4or, never? 5
(Don’t know) 8 ASK IF CODE 2 AT E9 E10b CARD 47b This card shows six different examples of how much alcohol people might
drink on a single occasion. INTERVIEWER PAUSE TO ALLOW RESPONDENT TO CONSIDER THE SHOWCARD. In the last 12 months, how often have you drunk this amount of alcohol or more on a single occasion? Was it...READ OUT...
...daily or almost daily, 1weekly, 2
monthly, 3less than monthly, 4
or, never? 5(Don’t know) 8
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 132
Question(s): E6
CARD 45
Every day
Several times a week
Once a week
Two or three times a month
Once a month
Less than once a month
Never
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 133
Question(s): E7, E8
CARD 46
PINT OF BEER, LAGER OR CIDER
GLASS OF SHERRY OR
PORT
1/2 PINT BEER, LAGER OR CIDER
OR
SINGLE MEASURE
OF SPIRITS OR SHOT
OR
CAN OR BOTTLE OF BEER, LAGER
OR CIDER (330ML)
DOUBLE MEASURE
OF SPIRITS
LARGE GLASS OF WINE (250ML)
COCKTAIL
OR
SMALL GLASS OF WINE (175ML) OR
GLASS OF SPARKLING WINE
ALCOPOP
BOTTLE OF WINE (750ML)
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 134
Question(s): E10a
CARD 47a
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
4 PINTS OF BEER 4 SMALL GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
2 PINTS OF BEER & 2 SMALL GLASSES OF WINE
1 DOUBLE MEASURE OF SPIRITS & 2 LARGE GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 6
3 SMALL GLASSES OF WINE & 3 SINGLE SHOTS
2 ALCOPOPS, A PINT OF BEER,
& 3 SINGLE SHOTS
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 135
Question(s): E10b
CARD 47b EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
3 PINTS OF BEER 2 LARGE GLASSES OF WINE
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
2 GLASSES OF SPARKLING WINE & A COCKTAIL
2 DOUBLE MEASURE OF SPIRITS
& 1 SMALL GLASS OF WINE
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 6
3 SINGLE MEASURE OF SPIRITS & 3 SINGLE SHOTS
2 ALCOPOPS
& 3 SINGLE SHOTS
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 136
Interviewer Feedback Form: Questions E6 to E10b
The first set of questions below is about administering questions E6-E8 and the accompanying showcards. These questions asked about alcohol consumption. Please tick the appropriate answer at each question and return the form at the end of your assignment.
1. How often did you have to re-read question E6 to respondents?
Almost always Most of the time About half the time Once in a while Never
2. How often did you have to re-read question E7 and E8 to respondents?
Almost always Most of the time About half the time Once in a while Never
3. How often were respondents able to provide an answer to E7 and E8 in the
expected format (e.g., ‘two single measure spirits and a large glass of wine’) at the first attempt?
Almost always Most of the time About half the time Once in a while Never
4. How often did you have to use the probing table in E7 and E8 to help
respondents arrive at an answer in the expected format?
Almost always Most of the time About half the time Once in a while Never
5. How often did you have to explain to respondents how to use the card or how
to answer question E7and E8?
Almost always Most of the time About half the time Once in a while Never
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 137
6. Overall, how difficult were questions E7 and E8 to administer?
Extremely difficult Very difficult Quite difficult Somewhat difficult Not difficult at all
7. Please enter any other comments or suggestions you have about the administration of question E7/E8 (please let us know if you think one worked better than the other).
Now we have a few questions about administering questions E10a/E10b and respective cards. Question E10a/E10b asked about drinking certain amount of alcohol on a single occasion, and the cards showed several examples of different amounts of alcohol a person might drink (e.g., XXXXX of beer). E10a is to be asked of men and E10b of women.
8. How often did you have to re-read question E10a/E10b to respondents?
Almost always Most of the time About half the time Once in a while Never
9. How often were respondents able to provide an answer to E10a/E10b in the
expected format (e.g., ‘weekly’) at the first attempt?
Almost always Most of the time About half the time Once in a while Never
ESS7 Appendix A9, edition 3.0 138
10. How often did you have to explain to respondents how to use the card for E10a/E10b or how to answer the question?
Almost always Most of the time About half the time Once in a while Never
11. Do you think that respondents generally understood how to use the card to
answer question E10a/E10b?
Yes No
12. Overall, how difficult was question E9a/E9b to administer?
Extremely difficult Very difficult Quite difficult Somewhat difficult Not difficult at all
13. Please enter any other comments or suggestions you have about the administration of question E10a/E10b.
Please enter your interviewer number below before returning your form. Thank you for your help with this project.