-
The information was divided into Global, Level 1 and Level 2
events (Figure X). Global events were
defined as occurrences that are wide, far-reaching, national and
possibly global in their nature and
have thus affected both study sites. The implementation of a new
policy or the rainfall data are
examples of such an event. Level 1 events were more local in
their impact and nature. Grey
literature was consulted as sources for Global as well as Level
1 events. The open/close status of
the respective estuary mouths are an example of a Level 1 event.
Level 2 events were also events
that were local in their impact but were the events as reported
by the stakeholders through the one-
on-one or group interviews or information gained during the
workshops.
Wilderness Lakes Global events Swartvlei
Meta-identity
Level 2 (as reported by stakeholders)
Level 1 (Grey literature)
Date Year Date Level 1 (Grey literature)
Level 2 (as reported by stakeholders)
Meta-identity
1845
Gerbers bought the property from Duiwe River to right through
to
Associations
Business
Charity organisation
Conservancy
Governmental departments
Informal groupings
Multiple stakeholder project
Learning/education
Spiritual groups
Sports club
Workshop
Important event as indicated by participants
-
halfway Langvlei (I11)
1865
The property that Wilderness is standing on now was swapped for
a piece of land in George 1
Feb 1869
"The Great fire" burned huge areas of natural forest 2. This
followed a seven year drought and horse sickness 3
1874
Touwmond/Barbierskraal were sold for 225 pounds after
liquidation to William Guest and James Thwaites 1;4
The Dumbletons moved into Fairy Knowe House 5
1876
-
J.J. Hooper discovered a gold nugget in a dry tributary of the
Karatara River 6
1877
Build farmhouse and farmed the area that are now called The
Green (I11)
Sold Touwmond to George William Bennett for 500 pounds 4
Jan
1880
Government appointed a superintendent to take control and
legalise forestry 7
Large forested areas around Karatara was cleared due to the gold
rush 6
Families bought plots in Goudveld area to start prospecting for
gold (I4)
First Anglo-Boer War 1880-1881 8;9
Krakatoa tsunami goes over Fairy Knowe dunes (WS, 2013)
South African Gold rush 8;9
1882
It was reported
-
that gold prospecting started in the Karatara area 10
1883
By now the name "The Wilderness" was used on official notepapers
from the Bennett's 4
She married his cousin before moving back to Liverpool (I11)
George William Bennett passes away and the property, 3 bedroom
house, is let for holiday residents and farming while the widow
moved back to England 11
Dec
1886
Around 1886 first and longest rainfall record in SA
(Harkerville) (WS, 2013)
1894
John Barrington bought Lots A &
-
B and renamed it Sedgefield 12
1899
Second Anglo-Boer war 1899-1902 9
1905
Started to run the old farmhouse as a guest house (I11)
Wilderness Estate Company bought Wilderness from the Bennett
family for 10 000 pounds 13
The current road from Wilderness Heights were also build during
this period 13
The Bennett farmhouse was converted to a guest house (Now the
Karos hotel) 13
1910
Formation of Union of South Africa 8;9
1912
African
-
National Congress (ANC) founded 9
1913
Land act: Prevented blacks from purchasing land 8;9
Start of woodcutters being relocated to Karatara (I15)
1914
First families moved from the lakes and forests to live in
Hoekwil and Karatara (I5; I14; I15)
National Party founded 9
Farmland that are now Hoekwil was transferred to the Armsorg
Kommitee of the local NG Kerk (I11)
1921
Development of Wilderness starts in the form of a better road
surface
Participants grandfather use to farm with sweet
-
for the current road and the building of a railway track 14
potato, beans, potatoes, pumpkins and corn (I16)
Owen Grant Found Wilderness LTD (WS, 2013)
Owen Grant laid out the plots for the houses. The border of the
town ended at Duiwe River with the Gerbers farming on the
floodplain on the other side of the river (I11)
1927
First bridge (railway) over Touw River Lagoon (WS, 2013)
Between 1927 and 1930 the last woodcutter licenses was received.
The believe was that this white impoverished
-
class needed to be rehabilitated 6
The bridge are the cause for the silting we see today (I11)
Movement of mouth restricted by bridge (I11)
1927/28 Building of railway through Wilderness - which was the
only station between George and Knysna (WS, 2013) 15
Railway bridge over the Swartvlei is built (21)
The building of the bridge was the reason why the water in the
lake area became fresh enough
-
for animals to drink from. This is now reversing due to the
heavy extraction of water from the rivers (I21)
1928
Wilderness hotel rebuilt in modern form (WS, 2013)
The rebuilding of the hotel seemed to have been due to the
railway coming through Wilderness 15
1929
Dumbletons bought the land from the Gerbers (I11)
Dumbletons add to the guest house by building a private hotel:
Fairy Knowe hotel 5
Sedgefield was proclaimed a town and managed by the Divisional
Council of George 12
1930
Pirates Creek railway bridge blocks sagged during a flood
(I12)
Flood 16 The foundation of the centre portion of the Swartvlei
railway bridge is washed away,
-
necessitating a rebuild with a slightly lowering of the
foundation and additional concrete and rocks (I2)
Around this time plantations replaced indigenous forest as the
main wood supplier 6
1931
1930s Owen Grant organised weekend away, where you can fly from
JHB to George and take the train to Wilderness (I11)
National drought (WS, 2013)
Participants recall how they had to walk inland to collect water
squeezing it from the clayey soil (I16)
There were severe flooding after the drought (I29)
-
1932
Due to extensive flooding an yachting expedition from Knysna to
Island Lake had to be abandoned 17
1935
Knysna sailors brought in five yacht via rail to sail at Island
Lake 17
Sea Shore act 21 of 1935 18
1937
The Island was flooded that only a small part of it was showing
(I21)
1943
61 Air School trained pilots for the second world war at the
George airfield. They use to take their weekend pass going down to
Fairy Knowe Hotel 19
1944
Mar Road bridge
-
over Swartvlei completed 20
National Road Board breaches the Touw River mouth as their
interim road caused the mouth to stay closed and the estuary water
affected the farms 21
Apr
1946
Could jump off the railway bridge into deep water before the
road bridge was build (I14)
Road bridge of N2 completed 20
Mar
The building of the bridges had an effect on the estuaries
(I14)
Hoekwil church breaks away from the
-
church in George (I14)
Sometime after 1946 a drawbridge was built over the Serpentine
22
1947
A Sunderland airplane landed on Swartvlei to survey the lake as
a possible emergency stop for the Cape Town Durban route 5
1948
Leggatt family moves to Wilderness (I12)
PW Botha elected as MP for George constituency 20;23
Apartheid policy adopted by National Party 8;9
1950
Group Areas Act adopted
The Boshoff family used to
-
(segregates black and white people) 8;9
visit Swartvlei for three weeks over December/January leaving
Hoekwil with their ossewa. There used to be a lot of fishing in the
lakes with five men having to set the treknet 24
1951
Touw river flooded and a 130 mm of rain was recorded and major
damage was reported 25
Rained for eight days and Touw River flooded. Caught 12
streepsakke of fish 24
Jan
Landing stages/jetties washed away in the 1951 flood 26
Next three decades saw lots of
Participant remembers how they had
-
development (I11)
to cross the Swartvlei estuary with an ox wagon before the N2
bridge were build (I21)
N2 completed 20 Apr Participants feel that the N2 is a shame and
that it had a major influence on the area (I3; I6; I11; I12; I14;
I18)
1952
First Wilderness Local area Board constituted 27
Another flood when the whole Island was covered by water
(I21)
N2 officially opened 28
Jul
1954
First Interclub yacht race in Southern Cape at Swartvlei
17;29
George Lakes Yacht Club
-
established 17
1955
George Lakes Yacht club purchased land on the banks of Swartvlei
17
1956
Wilderness sold to Dr Krynauw (WS, 2013)
Village Management Board was created 12
1958
Eastern Cape Yacht Racing Association Regatta were held at
Swartvlei 17
Veld & Vlei Adventure School were established 17
1960
George Lakes Yacht club moves to Island Lake (I18)
A common sight at Island Lake was one of the Gerickes rowing a
goat across the lake to the island where they allowed
International pressure against National Party government begins
9
Yacht club moves from Swartvlei to Island Lake 17;30
Caravan holidays were big in 1960's and 70's and there was six
caravan parks in Sedgefield
-
the animals to graze 17
and all of them made their profit over the three/four week
Christmas/New year holiday (I3)
Coloured community, which up to know lived amongst the white's
as 'bywoners' in Hoekwil, was moved to Touwsranten (I14)
Wilderness Lakes Management Board started administration of area
17
Railway was used as a commuter train during the 60s. There was
not really alternative transport to George or Knysna (I18)
From 1960 to 70s development started on the dunes at Wilderness
(I14)
1961
South Africa became a republic 8
Water gauge placed in Swartvlei (I29)
1962
-
Participant told a story of how he survived as a child fishing
in the lake after his mother abandoned them (I5)
1967
Dr. Chris Barnard performed first heart plant. He was a regular
visitor to Wilderness 31
1968
32;33
Tarred Hoekwil bridge build over Serpentine 34
As a child the participant remember sitting under the bridge
waiting for his white friends to return from
Wilderness beach zoned only for the use of whites 31
-
the beach (I5)
There was a drought. You had to go in very deep into the lakes
to find cool water. Fairy Knowe ended up laying pipes into the
mountains for water (I5)
Jan Rainfall below 20mm for the month 31
Floodplain burned (I5)
Jan Water restrictions were in place 31
Jan Earthquake makes the mountains rumble 31
Mouth is torn open 31
Feb Southern Cape experience one of the worst tidal waves in
history 31
Lakes Area Management Board
Jul Lakes placed under government
-
manages lakes (I11)
protection 35
Dec Mouth breached at 0.804m 32
1969
Several people fell ill with stomach complaints after swimming
in the lakes 35
Feb
10 Mar Mouth closed 32
18 Jun Mouth breached at 1.643m 32
15 Sep Mouth closed 32
04 Nov Mouth breached at 1.414m 32
03 Dec Mouth closed 32
30 Dec Mouth breached at 0.804m 32
1970
Lakes trust fight for the preservation of the lakes systems
36
Mountain Catchment Areas Act 63 of 1970 18
Feb Anthrax outbreak at Ruigtevlei 36
Research station at Rondevlei established 35
Swartvlei used to be the prime sailing destination in the 70s
and 80s to virtually no sailing
-
today due to lack of access. People accessed the area through
the then Pine Lake Marina caravan park (I18)
Around 3 million people in South Africa forcibly resettled 9
Dune adjacent to Swartvlei caravan park burned around the 1970s
(I20)
21 Jan Mouth closed 32
03 Sep Mouth breached at 1.516m 32
1971
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as
Waterfowl Habitat, 1971 18
12 May
Mouth closed 32
-
10 Jul Mouth breached at 1.693m 32
1972
06 Apr Mouth closed 32
N2/7 re-alignment early 1970 (WS, 2013)
The new alignment of the N2 would pass by the George Lakes Yacht
club clubhouse. Due to this reason any further improvements to the
clubhouse were stopped 17
16 Aug Mouth breached at 1.566m 32
WRRA formed (WS, 2013)
1973
Seabird and Seals Protection Act 46 of 1973 18
Participant moved to Sedgefield (I16)
Convention on International Trade in Endangered species of Wild
Fauna
-
and Flora, 1973 18
02 May
Mouth closed 32
Flooding in Sedgefield (Oorstroming in Sedgefield) (WS,
2013)
1974
Sedgefield attained municipal status 12
19 Mar Mouth breached at 1.566m 32
22 Apr Mouth closed 32
01 Sep Mouth breached at 1.871m 32
1975
Lake Areas Development Act 39 of 1975 (repealed) 18;35
Expropriation Act 63 of 1975 18
Institute of Fresh water
During 1970s Rhodes
-
studies (Rhodes University) established a research station at
Swartvlei) 35
Limnology Department established a research base at Swartvlei
(I18)
They dredged two channels to connect Rondevlei and Langvlei
(I18)
George Divisional Council widened and deepened the channel
between Island Lake and Upper-Langvlei 35
Lakes Areas Development Board minuted that they were initially
only going to focus on the Wilderness Lakes. Plant encroachment,
silting and the opening and closing of the mouth were the most
important issues 37
There were fears that the main land and the island in Island
Lake
-
might connect due to siltation and reed encroachment (I18)
Up to 1975 the mouth was opened by the Duiweriver farmers once
their lands flooded. This was also in conjunction with Claude
Watney the owner of a caravan park (currently Pirates Creek) 37
Estuary mouth was opened by a local farmer when the water
reached 1.7m as the septic tanks started to flood. The town clerk
was notified but no other permission was given (I3)
Expropriation of the low lying lands was suggested 37
Up to this time period the mouth was opened by farmers and their
workers. (I21)
15 May
Mouth closed 32
09 Sep Mouth breached at 1.999m 32
1976
-
National Parks Act No 57 of 1976 (repealed) 18
05 Mar Mouth closed 32
10 Mar Mouth breached at 1.06m 32
24 Jun Mouth closed 32
05 Oct Mouth breached at 2.252m 32
1977
First South African Lake Area was proclaimed (mouth of Touw,
Serpentine, Island Lake and Upper-Langvlei) 37
Opening of George Airport (previously known as PW Botha Airport)
38
21 Jul Mouth closed 32
28 Nov Mouth breached at 1.87m 32
-
25 Dec Mouth closed 32
1978
Average temperature 16.6oC. Average rainfall 563.44mm (airport)
39
PW Botha became the Prime Minister of South Africa 23
Three properties were added to the Lake Area 37
March
03 Nov Mouth breached at 1.897m 32
1979
Average temperature 16.6oC. Average rainfall 583.44mm (airport)
39
Sedgefield gets electricity from the National grid
Holidaymakers attended ratepayers
-
12 meetings once a year (December) and seemed to be very happy
with the management of the town (I3)
Mouth closed 32 01 Jan
05 May
Mouth closed 32
27 Jun Mouth breached at 1.871m 32
Mouth open 32 01 Sep
Mouth closed 32 01 Oct
1980
The Serpentine was managed deliberately by manipulating the
water levels by means of the sluice gates (I18)
Serpentine drawbridge destroyed and sluice gates installed by
the Lakes Area Board 22
Average temperature 16.6oC. Average rainfall 631.21mm (airport)
39
People started discovering the Island in Sedgefield (I3)
The building (in 1940) as well as
07 Jul Mouth closed 32 Despite warnings that development
-
upgrading of the N2 (1980) was bad for the system (I12)
should not take place below the 5m contour line, development on
the Island started. Waterfront property sold for R6000.00 (I3)
Doubled the N2 across the mouth (I11)
CSIR science report on Swartvlei published around 1980 (WS,
2013)
This period of time was marked by intensive management of the
system opening of the mouth as well as dredging and manipulation of
the water level (I12; I18)
29 Oct Mouth breached at 1.82m 32
Around the 1980s John Hugh bought Pine Lake Marina. Also
developed timeshare housing on the Island = 1st phase of
development (I3)
I14 has been
-
holidaying in the area and now owns a house at Myola Beach
(I14)
Mouth open 32 02 Dec 02 Dec Mouth closed 32
Mouth closed 32 11 Dec
1981
Average temperature 16.2oC. Average rainfall not measured
(airport) 39
Two volume report on the limnology of the Touw River floodplain
presented to Coastal Lakes Working Group 40
Mouth open 32 25 Jan
26 Jan Mouth breached at 1.871m 32
Mouth closed 32 03 Mar
-
Mouth open 32 26 Mar
1982
Average temperature 16.1oC. Average rainfall 714.44mm (airport)
39
N2 doubled, Station garden Wilderness halved (WS, 2013)
Mouth closed 32 18 Jul Carte Blanch story on Swartvlei mouth
controversy around 1982 (WS, 2013)
Mouth open 32 15 Sep
1983
Average temperature not measured. Average rainfall not measured
(airport) 39
Upper catchments of Swartvlei controlled by DEA. Surrounding
areas of Swartvlei managed by Outeniqua Divisional Council. Eastern
bank managed
Saasveld road tarred around 1983 - Blasting Kaaimans weir (WS,
2013)
-
by Sedgefield Municipality 41
Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 18
Mouth closed 32 15 Mar
28 Mar Mouth closed 32
01 Apr National Parks Board takes over management of Wilderness
Lake Area from Lakes Area Development Board 18
Management became formalised (I3; I6; I18)
Mouth open 32 25 Jul
27 Jul Mouth breached at 1.871m 32
1984
Average temperature 17.3oC. Average rainfall not measured
(airport) 39
Mouth closed 32 01 Apr Participant
-
bought timeshare on the Island (I29)
05 Sep Mouth closed 32
07 Sep Mouth breached at 0.982m 32
15 Dec Mouth closed 32
1985
Average temperature 17.4oC. Average rainfall 703.84mm (airport)
39
22 Jul Mouth breached at 1.897m 32
22 Sep Mouth closed 32
Mouth open 32 25 Oct
03 Nov Mouth breached at 1.975m 32
1986
Average temperature 17.3oC. Average rainfall 528.75mm (airport)
39
Mouth closed 32 08 Feb
01 Apr Mouth closed 32
-
National Parks Board declare Swartvlei system and surrounding
property as a National Lake Area 18
02 May
9 Jun Sedgefield lions established (WS, 2013)
10 Sep Mouth breached at 1.719m 32
17 Sep Mouth closed 32
15 Oct Mouth breached at 1.82m 32
1987
Average temperature 17.5oC. Average rainfall 594.34mm (airport)
39
01 Feb Mouth closed 32
Mouth open 32 15 Apr
23 Apr Mouth breached at 1.85m 32
04 Mouth closed 32
-
May
Mouth closed 32 05 May
Mouth open 32 25 Sep 25 Sep Mouth breached at 1.795m 32
People were moved due to the declaration of the National Park.
The beach was a whites only zone as well so the coloured children
were only allowed to swim in the estuary (I5)
Nov Wilderness Lake Area and all state land falling within those
boundaries were proclaimed as the Wilderness National Park 18
Wilderness Lakes National Park was declared (I11)
1988
Average temperature 17.1oC. Average rainfall 533.65mm
-
(airport) 39
Mouth closed 32 01 Apr
22 Apr Mouth closed 32
1989
Average temperature 16.9oC. Average rainfall 681.46mm (airport)
39
In late 80s several boys were electrocuted when trying to gain
access to Swartvlei via Bleshoender with their hobie cat (I3)
Environmental Conservation Act 73 of 1989 18
PW Botha retired from politics and came to live in his house in
Wilderness De Anker 23
Mouth open 32 01 Nov
19 Oct Mouth breached at 1.85m 32
Mouth closed 32 20 Dec
1990
-
Average temperature 16.8oC. Average rainfall 591.77mm (airport)
39
Another growth spurt of Sedgefield happened in the 1990's with
the development of Groenvallei, Myoli Beach and Cola Beach (I3)
03 Mar Mouth closed 32
06 Jun Mouth breached at 2.1m 32
09 Jul Mouth closed 32
1991
Average temperature 17oC. Average rainfall 561.04mm (airport)
39
Physical Planning Act 125 of 1991 18
Convention of Migratory Species of Wild Animals,
-
1991 18
17 Feb Mouth breached at 2.01m 32
Mouth open 32 20 Feb
Mouth closed 32 22 Mar
Pre-SANParks there were a very hands-on management style (I12;
I18)
Apr Control of Rondevlei as well as the lands between Rondevlei
and Swartvlei where moved from Cape Directorate of Nature and
Environment Conservation to National Parks Board 18
06 Apr Mouth closed 32
Jun Serpentine, Eilandvlei, Langvlei and Rondevlei declared a
RAMSAR site 18
Mouth open 32 30 Oct
-
Mouth closed 32 22 Nov
Mouth open 32 05 Dec 05 Dec Mouth breached at 1.73m 32
29 Dec Mouth closed 32
Mouth closed 32 30 Dec
1992
Around this time the main engagement was around pollution of the
Touw river (I6)
Average temperature 16.7oC. Average rainfall 892.54mm (airport)
39 725.5mm (Rondevlei) 32
Sparrie Barnard opened mouth (WS, 2013)
Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992 18
Mouth open 32 23 Jul
28 Jul Mouth breached at 1.9m 32
Mouth closed 32 23 Aug
Mouth open 32 16 Oct
1993
Foundation of WETA (WS, 2013)
Wilderness Eco-Tourism Association (WETA) was started by
stakeholders 42
Average temperature 16.5oC. Average rainfall 869.96mm
Judy Dixon chairman of WESSA Sedgefield for 8 years (I17)
-
(airport) 39; 824.6mm (Rondevlei) 32
Constantia Kloof approval (WS, 2013)
Participant remembers this as the first time she entertained a
non-white person in her house (I17)
Participant I17 moved to the area
A participant that use to work for SANParks feared for his life,
he believe because of the questions he asked of head office
(I5)
Mouth closed 32 23 Jan
Mouth open 32 12 Mar
Mouth closed 32 26 Mar
27 Jul Mouth closed 32
Mouth open 32 23 Sep
24 Sep Mouth breached at 2m 32
-
1994
Participant remembers the days when 10 guys walked behind the
grader removing rocks from the culverts, etc. Now, 2012, it is just
the driver (I12)
Average temperature 16.2oC. Average rainfall 618.22mm (airport)
39; 703mm (Rondevlei) 32
Saw a lot of changes in the demographics of the area with a lot
of international interest in buying property (I11)
Apartheid ends with the ANC winning the first non-racial
election 9
21 May
Mouth closed 32
Mouth closed 32 24 May
Mouth open 32 02 Aug
15 Aug Mouth breached at 2m 32
-
Mouth closed 32 03 Oct
Mouth open 32 24 Dec
1995
First and only Municipal Council elected for Wilderness 43
Average temperature 16.5oC. Average rainfall 839.18mm (airport)
39; 710.65mm (Rondevlei) 32
Report done on the hydrological effect of the railway bridge
(I3)
Development Facilitation Act 67 of 1995 18
I17 did export protea farming until the export regulations
demanded unsustainable farming methods in order to achieve the
standards
Mouth closed 32 24 May
21 Jul Mouth closed 32
Mouth open 32 30 Nov 30 Nov Mouth breached at 2.02m 32
Workshop participant queried this date (WS, 2013)
-
1996
Eden adventures was established (I12)
Average temperature 16.2oC. Average rainfall 818.61mm (airport)
39; 790.3mm (Rondevlei) 32
Enviro-garden started in Sedgefield under WESSA (I17)
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act No 108 of 1996
18
Richard from Elandskraal took over the chair of WESSA Sedgefield
(I17)
A fire destroy some of the Southern Cape forest 2
Sedgefield WESSA integrated with WESSA George (I17)
The one foot of the railway bridge at Fairy Knowe washed away
(I12)
Freesia Rock railway bridge pillar collapse 16
157mm (Rondevlei) of rain over three days 16
Water was a meter deep in the boat sheds at the George Lakes
-
Yacht club with boats floating off their dollies 17
Mouth closed 32 30 Mar
27 Apr Mouth closed 32
Mouth open 32 22 Oct
23 Oct Mouth breached at 2.21m 32
3rd week of Nov fairly heavy rain & flooding (WS, 2013)
1997
Another big flood somewhere in 1997 (I12)
Wilderness Craft Market started on first Sunday of every month
and a portion of the profit went to the Honorary rangers 44
Average temperature 16.2oC. Average rainfall 722.39mm (airport)
39; 515.95mm (Rondevlei) 32
97/98 Ban on building below 3m mandated by Sedgefield
Municipality (WS, 2013)
KidBuddy, outdoor playground for children, started in the Island
Lake floodplain 45
17 Jan 72.91ha of land in the Duiwe River
-
catchment proclaimed as part of the Wilderness National Park. It
was under control of Regional Services Council 18
Mouth closed 32 24 May
Mouth open 32 27 May
Mouth closed 32 06 Jul
30 Jul Mouth closed 32
Mouth open 32 26 Oct
Mouth closed 32 24 Nov
1998
Alternate route for N2 across Serpentine proposed 1998 2000 (WS,
2013)
Average temperature 16.2oC. Average rainfall 559.54mm (airport)
39; 522.4mm (Rondevlei) 32
No official deproclamation Rooti's
Marine Living Resources Act 18 of
-
Route (WS, 2013)
1998 18
Farmer sells his land between Rondevlei and Langvlei to a
developer that subdivided the land by end 2003 (I17)
National Water Act 36 of 1998 18
Montage Village approved despite all land below 3m around (WS,
2013)
National Forest Act 84 of 1998 18
Veld and Forest Fire Act 101 of 1998 18
National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 18
04 Feb Mouth breached at 1.58m 32
Mouth open 32 27 Mar
30 Mar Mouth closed 32
-
Mouth closed 32 09 Apr
Big fire on Wilderness Heights due to Berg Wind (WS, 2013)
Aug
1999
Average temperature 17.1oC. Average rainfall not recorded
(airport) 39; 547.7mm (Rondevlei) 32
Mountain Club South Cape Sub-section was formed 46
National Heritage Resources Act 25 of 1999 18
Mouth open 32 19 Apr 19 Apr Mouth breached at 2.1m 32
Mouth closed 32 12 May
Mouth open 32 19 Oct
-
Mouth closed 32 07 Dec
2000
Change of park management 1989-2000 Paul Seaban (WS, 2013)
Average temperature 16.3oC. Average rainfall 663.65mm (airport)
39; 671.8mm (Rondevlei) 32
The Sedgefield Island Conservancy was formed in early 2000
(I23)
Mouth open 32 12 Jan
Mouth closed 32 17 Feb
Mouth open 32 03 Mar
30 May
Mouth closed 32
Mouth closed 32 01 Jun
Jul Student instructor of Outward Bound drowns in Swartvlei
47
Mouth open 32 13 Nov
Mouth closed 32 21 Dec
2001
-
Average temperature 16.9oC. Average rainfall 815.08mm (airport)
39; 584.2mm (Rondevlei) 32
Mouth open 32 01 Jan Southern Cape Weeds Forum was founded
48
01 Jan Mouth breached at 2m 32
Mouth closed 32 05 Feb
Mouth open 32 09 Feb
Mouth closed 32 28 Feb
02 Jul Mouth closed 32
05 Dec Mouth breached at 1.86m 32
2002
Average temperature not recorded. Average rainfall not recorded
(airport) 39; 589.3mm (Rondevlei) 32
07 Feb Mouth closed 32
Mouth open 32 10 Sep 10 Sep Mouth breached
-
at 2.15m 32
Mouth closed 32 02 Oct
26 Oct Mouth closed 32
2003
WALEAF formed (I7; WS, 2013)
Average temperature 17.1oC. Average rainfall 784.83mm (airport)
39; 678.7mm (Rondevlei) 32
National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act 57 of
2003 18
Mar Water levels reached 3.2m in estuary 49
SANParks waited for the water to rise before opening the mouth
and probably caused some houses to flood (I3)
Mouth open 32 25 Mar Huge storms were reported 50, 157mm
(Rondevlei) of rain over 2 days 16
25 Mar Mouth breached at 2.95m 32
Lakes Road were flooded and the mouth was open
25 Mar 25 Mar Roads were flooded causing traffic delays 53
-
and in full flood 51, campers had to be rescued from Ebb &
Flow by the NSRI 52
and animals had to be brought to safety 51
E-coli results of Touw River published 54 due to concerns raised
55
08 Apr Sedgefield flood committee was established after the
floods 49
WRRA community (50 people) beach clean-up around the mouth. Also
took away the driftwood 56
22-Apr
Touwsranten housing issue discussed in an article as well as in
letters to the editor 43;57-59
In a letter to the editor various authors complained about the
cleaning of the driftwood off the beaches 42;58;60
May
Article about RAMSAR and the importance of RAMSAR 61
May
-
May Start to pay for plastic shopping bags + 62
Jun New conservation fee and loyalty card system introduced for
all National parks 63
New sewerage system for Wilderness is discussed 59
03-Jun
Mouth closed 32 17 Jun
Jun SANParks wins an tourism reward for ensuring that disabled
persons can access parks 64
Access route from N2 to Ebb & Flow is paved 65
Jun
George Municipality declared as a
Jun
-
'Plaaslike owerheid' and ward committees 66
Leopard caught in a gin trap close to Wilderness 67
Jul
21 Aug Mouth closed 32
Oct Concerns were raised about the pollution levels in the Klein
Wolwe River 68
Mouth breached at 2.06m 32
18 Oct
Mouth closed 32 16 Nov
2004
Ds Alwyn Burger starts as the church minister at Die Vleie
(I14)
Average temperature 17.5oC. Average rainfall 738.06mm (airport)
39; 855.3mm (Rondevlei) 32
I3 moved to the area but has been holidaying here since the
1980s (I3)
The Wilderness Catchment Management Forum was very active
-
during 2004 to 2006 and they believe that the reason was the
property boom in the area (I3)
Development moved away from caravan parks to houses (I3)
Jack Ruben was the chairman of the WLCMF (I3) +
Feb Poaching of prawns in Swartvlei reported 69
Pine Lake Marina used to be a caravan park but now has chalets
for the last 25 years (I3)
Official opening of the new Eden Adventures offices 70
Feb
Mar Engagement process started on The Lakes Eco and Golf
Landowners surprised the developer with their level of
-
Resort 71 expertise. As the engagement process continued his act
also became more polished (I17)
No action is being taken on the future of the Choo-tjoe. It does
influence tourism (I12)
Outeniqua Choo-tjoe derails at the Rondevlei crossing. This was
due to the subsidence of the track made worse by recent rain 72
Mar The closing of the Choo-Tjoe is very negative for the
tourism of the area (I17; I18) -
Mar Negative reaction to the proposed The Lakes Eco and Golf
Resort + 73
There was fight and offers of bribery. The stakeholders ended up
making all the relevant results public (I17) +
19 Apr Mouth breached at 1.89m 32
May/July
Glossy insert (newsletter) of the proposed The Lakes Eco &
Golf resort
It was the involvement of the people that stopped the
development
-
74;75 from happening (I14) +
Jun/Jun/ Jul/Sept
More negative reaction to the proposed Lakes Eco & Golf
Resort+ 76-86
Jul "Open day" held about Lakes Eco & Golf resort 76
Sep Upgrade of the N2 started 87
Sep/Nov
Stakeholders held a rally against the development at Swartvlei
(Lakes Eco & Golf resort) and the completion of land claims
88
Mouth breached at 2.21m 32
07 Oct
Mouth closed 32 29 Oct
Milkwood village (mall) opened 89
Dec
??? 120mm rain that fell mostly in 2 hours. The water
22 Dec
-
entered through Hugo Leggatts' house and his floor collapsed
into their garage 26
Mouth open 32 22 Dec
2005
Been holidaying in the area since 1980s and told a story about
how they used to water ski on the serpentine during holiday (no
time frame given) from Fairy Knowe under the bridge to estuary
(I3)
Average temperature not recorded. Average rainfall not recorded
(airport) 39; 619.8mm (Rondevlei) 32
Sedgefield was taken over by Knysna Municipalities (I10)
First working for water project initiated by WLCMF around 2005
Karatara
Feb Councillor comments about the false promises of developers
90
Montage Village was build (I10)
-
(WS, 2013)
Montage approved around 1999 (WS, 2013) -
Feb Proposed moratorium placed on golf development 91
Feb Glossy insert (newsletter) of the proposed The Lakes Eco
& Golf resort 92
Mar/Aug/Oct
More negative reaction to the proposed Lakes Eco & Golf
Resort 93-95
Mouth closed 32 18 May
Participant resign from Honorary Rangers after 10 years
(I17)
Residents of Wilderness and Touwsranten started to complain
about the quality of drinking water coming from the taps 96
Jun
15 Jun Mouth closed 32
New bird hide build close to the Fairy
Jun
-
Knowe hotel 97
Aug Train track between George and Knysna close - 98
Sept March organised against the proposed Lakes Eco & Golf
estate 99
Sept False claims were made that SANParks supports the above
mentioned development 100
Flood (WS, 2013)
Dec
2006
Participant started working for SANParks (I4)
Average temperature 16.3oC. Average rainfall 1067.76mm (airport)
39; 889.8mm (Rondevlei) 32
Dave Jones was the chairman of WLCMF (I3)
-
Citizens request the opening of the mouth due to perceived
pollution but as the water level is not at the maximum height
SANParks did not manually open the mouth 101
Feb
Mouth open 32 The mouth was breached 102
30 Apr
Participant is concerned on the actions that will be taken if
e-coli readings is showing that there is danger (I12)
Despite reports of contamination the e-coli reading in the Touw
river was acceptable 103
03 May
Mouth closed 32 08 May
19 May
Mouth breached at 1.85m 32
The feeling is that if the mouth was opened that there would
have been
Mouth breached at 2.13m 32
01 Aug 01 Aug
Heavy rain in Karatara catchment. No property flooded as mouth
was open 49
Heavy rain in Karatara catchment. No property flooded as mouth
was
-
less damage (I27)
open (WS, 2013)
Floods (WS, 2013)
After the floods damage have been caused to the network that
supplies Wilderness with drinking water 104
20 Sep Trucks had to take a 400km detour due to the damage that
was done to the roads during the rain 49
Due to mismanagement of catchment the flood brought down silt
and changed the course of the river. Sediment of 3m were deposited
(I17)
Mouth closed 32 26 Oct
Oct PW Botha passes away 23
Choo-tjoe stops running (I12)
Nov The train tracks between George and Knysna are closed
indefinitely 49;105
Feels that the closing of the Choo-tjoe was negative for the
area (I17)
2007
Invasion of carp into lake system (WS, 2013)
Average temperature 16.7oC. Average rainfall not recorded
Ray Barrell was the chairman of WLCMF (I3)
-
(airport) 39; 959.7mm (Rondevlei) 32
Lakes Eco & Golf Resort proposing to pay for a desalination
plant in Kleinkrans (this was never build) 106
Jack Ruben start Seven Passes Initiative (WS, 2013)
Apr Lakes & Eco golf estate application to develop denied
107
Mouth breached at 2.04m 32
05 Mar
Mouth closed 32 17 Mar
Apr Application for a march against the proposed Lakes Eco &
Golf Resort was turned down by George Municipality 108
01 Jul Mouth closed - 32
Constantia Kloof Aug
-
conservancy registered 109
Floods coincided with spring tide (I27)
Mouth breached at 2.25m 32
22 Nov 22 Nov Mouth breached at 2m 32
400mm+ rain over 3 days, extensive flooding & damage
communities cut off (WS, 2013)
Nov Montage Complex and Island Village flooded 49
Both Island Village and Montage Complex was flooded (both were
developed even though reports warned against the development (I3;
I10; I21)
Clothing items drifted out of tents in Swartvlei caravan park
due to the flood but the water disappeared very fast (I19)
-
Nov NSRI evacuated people living near the lake. Roads were
closed and people evacuated due to floods 110;111
SANParks waited for the water to rise before opening the mouth
and probably caused some houses to flood (I3)
Campers at Swartvlei found several dead seahorses they believed
washed out due to the flood (I22)
2008
Average temperature 16oC. Average rainfall 596.37mm (airport)
39; 446mm (Rondevlei) 32
Sedgefield ran out of water early 2008 (WS, 2013)
Mike Young was the chairman of WLCMF (I3)
-
Mouth closed 32 19 Apr
Highest water ever recorded at Eden Adventures and was due to
debris that got stuck under Pirate's Creek bridge. 8 canoes washed
away (I12)
Mouth breached at 2m 32
12 Nov
Mouth closed 32 22 Dec
2009
New protocol for opening mouth documented (WS, 2013)
Average temperature 16.4oC. Average rainfall 379.73mm (airport)
39; 370mm (Rondevlei) 32
Desalination plant was sponsored by National Government but
pipeline had to be paid by local municipality (I3)
Feb Wilderness National Park becomes part of the newly
proclaimed Garden
WLCMF entirely not involved with drought mitigations = a body
not
-
Route National Park 18;112
involved with water issues (I3)
Water restrictions are in place for the drought +
Private home-owners drilled for own boreholes unlegislated (WS,
2013)
2009/10 drought = 1 out of 130 year drought (I1)
29 Oct A suggestion was tabled that George are be declared a
disaster area 113. An application for R156 million sought for
relief funding.
The eco-lakes project that got stopped was a positive for the
system (I12)
From a management point of view the drought was a nightmare but
valuable lessons were learned and various things
Weekly articles about the level of the dam and everyday
actions/tips that can be taken to save water. People were
extremely
Drinking water had to be trucked into Sedgefield - 114-117
Posters were up at the caravan park reminding tourists about the
drought (I20)
-
needed to be put in place in a hurry (I1)
vigilant and reported any offenders
Water usage was 35 mega Lt and within 4/5 month the usage was
down to 20 25 mega Lt a month awareness as well as strong arm
tactics was used (I1)
Various steps were taken to ensure that publics buy-in. Punitive
charges were levied, desalination plant were investigated as well
as the recycling of waste water. +
Municipality discovered various leaks (I1)
Prayer meetings were held and at one prayer meeting George rugby
stadium filled up 118
Desalination plant established at Myoli Beach 115
According to participant the desalination plant only started
working once the drought was broken and they only used it for a
very short time (I3) The feeling is that it is not working as it is
damaging the
-
bech as well (I10) + &-
Due to changes in water usage water usage still down and
municipality not receiving income in 2012 (I1)
Co-ordinator employed to run the drought awareness campaign
117
Oct Even after rain the level of the dam dropped 119;120
Even stricter water restrictions were put in place 120
The drought is seriously affecting the farmers 121
New Eco-estate launched on the current Fairy Knowe property
122
Oct
Nov George, Mossel Bay and Knysna
-
declared as Disaster areas and R53 million rand has been given
for relief 123
Nov Drilling for water starts 124
Nov Treated sewerage water pipeline to Garden Route Dam approved
125
Dec Article informing anglers about the rules and regulations on
fishing within a lake system 126
2010
Average temperature 16.2oC. Average rainfall 693.09mm (airport)
39
-
EIA confirmed the level at which the estuaries can be breached
(I3)
05 Jan Mouth closed 32
07 Jan Mouth open 32
10 Jan Mouth closed 32
George Dam at its lowest due to drought. Successful borehole was
sunk 127
Feb Farmers meet to discuss the water crises 114
Touw river dries up 128
Feb
Mar Article on the proposed plan for the Garden Route National
Park 129
Feb Much needed
-
rain started falling 130
Apr Did a controlled burn around the dam to encourage run-off
131;132
Apr
Another increase in water tariffs - no notification given to
ratepayers by municipality 133;134
May Problems experienced with wet runway at George airport.
Planes had to be redirected. Concern was raised on the effect on
tourism for the area 135 136. Airstrip was upgraded 137
-
Jun Soccer World cup came to SA 9;138
Mouth breached at 1.8m 32
11 Jul Road between Wilderness and Knysna closed due to flooding
139
Mouth closed 32 15 Jul
Nov Water restrictions may be lifted 140
05 Nov Mouth breached at 1.61m 32
06 Nov Mouth closed 32
10 Nov Mouth breached at 1.62m. Breached prematurely to reduce
salt intrusion into Karatara River = water take-off point for
Sedgefield 32
Nov First step taken towards the implementation of IRT bus
-
service for George Municipal area 141
Mouth breached at 2.13m 32
17 Dec
2011
Added 400 houses to Touwsranten which in a small way impacts
negatively on the surrounding area (I14) -
Average temperature 16oC. Average rainfall 772.6mm (airport)
39
Added 30 more units to the retirement home in Hoekwil which in a
small way impacts negatively on the surrounding area (I14)
Municipality received Blue
Mouth closed32 14 Jan
-
drop award as well as Platinum award (I1)
Participant had a big flood that came into the lower rooms of
the house for the first time (I12)
Jan Richard Batson taken to court by SANParks after digging a
trench in a protected area 142 (? Instead of +/-)
Before Richard Batson dug the trench a local fisherman cleaned
out the debris out of the pipes (I18)
Wilderness Hotel/Karos closes (I11)
06 Feb Mouth closed 32
Apr Area lost the right to host the annual sevens world cup
143
Mouth breached at 2.12m 32
07 May
08 May
Mouth breached at 1.6m - It rose to 1.7m 32
May Area experienced a small earthquake 144
Mouth closed 32 30
-
May
PW Bothas farms sold on auction 145
Apr
1:100 year rainfall event. Recorded 135mm of rain in eight hours
at Witfontein 146
07 Jun Storms was reported across most of the Western Cape
147
Mouth opened naturally after heavy rainfall 32
08 Jun
Highest flood ever at the at houses on edge of Touw river
participants house, several canoes were lost and the George Yacht
club storerooms got flooded (I12; I10; I11)
Wilderness Rest camp evacuated due to flooding 32;148
08 Jun All the houses around the participant flooded. Their
house is luckily slightly on a hill (I10)
Mouth closed 32 24 Jun
Mouth breached at 1.91m 32
05 Jul
Houses are handed over to
Jul
-
Touwsranten residents 149
Jul Eden District elections 150
Residents engagement on noise of N2 (been going for 2 years)
151
Jul
Jul Suggestions made in a letter to change the railway to a
cycle route 152
Jul Massive infrastructure damage due to flooding 153
Aug 14 children die en-route to their school in Rheenendal
154;155
Sep SA National Parks week launched at the Wilderness section of
the GRNP 156
-
Mouth closed. Wash-over at high tide 32
10 Nov SANParks facilitated a meeting to introduce a proposal
for a new hydrological study of the lakes(I29)
Mouth opened naturally at 2.14m after heavy rains 32
27 Nov
2012
Mouth closed 32 04 Jan
Jan An article on an innovative way of using the train tracks a
bicycle 157
Mouth breached at 2.1m 32
14 Jul
Property owners demand action plan for river mouth 158
Denial by George municipality of e-coli issue in estuary (WS,
2013)
Aug The WKOD released the names of 27 schools that they will
close at the end of the year. One of
Participant attended the participation round and was surprised
at the amount of people that
-
them was the Rondevlei Primary School 159
send their children from Smutsville to Rondevlei as the believe
is that they receive a better education there (I17, I18)
Yacht club helps SANParks against illegal fishing (I10)
The composition of the church have changed over time from
predominantly Afrikaans to English 'inkommers' (I14)
Mouth closed 32 29 Aug Big hydrological study on the way (I3) -
(only proposed)
2012 floods were managed acceptably. It was prepared and they
could open it
Mouth breached at 1.95m in response to severe weather warning
32;160
17 Oct Swartvlei mouth open since May 2011 (WS, 2013; I29)
-
before any damage occurred (I10) = 130ml of rain
Wilderness beach first beach inside a National Park to gain Blue
Flag status 161;162
Oct Queries are made in regards to the future of the railway
line and the future of the Choo-Tjoe 163
Oct Current issues in Swartvlei is due to the development in the
floodplain (I6)
Touwsranten Housing Project for 395 families completed 164
Very few birds noticed this year due to salinity of the water
(I10)
Oct Interclub Yacht Club Regatta held at Swartvlei 29
Mouth closed overtopping on high tide 32
23 Nov
Level > 2000 e-coli reading at some places (WS, 2013)
Nov
SANParks Dec Youth national Sailing regatta
-
starts testing for e-coli at fortnightly basis. Results not
shaded (WS, 2013) (? Instead of +/-)
sail regatta at Swartvlei 165
at Swartvlei All involved (WS, 2013)
2013
Mouth open 2.05m 32
3 Feb Jan Fishermen find 42m gill net in Swartvlei 166
Awareness raising on the rules and regulations around setting of
snares 167
Feb Lakes Bird Club celebrates 25th anniversary 168
Public open day were held in connection with the traffic circle
that will be built on the N2 at the Serpentine intersection 169.
Promises of job opportunities were not kept and Touwsranten
residents wanted
Feb Suggestions are made to convert the railway line into a
cycle trail171
-
to block the N2 170.
WRRA hard at work facilitating Wilderness Improvement Plan
172
Feb
Mouth closed 32 21 Mar Mar Comments on proposal to fill landfill
site along N2 173
Mar Construction on weir in Karatara River started 174-176
Mar Voortrekkers camp at Swartvlei 177
Complaint about the erosion and unsafe condition of the roads
around Langvlei178
May Awareness raising on importance of FPA 179
Local family gets robbed on Kingfisher walking-trail 180
May
The Greater Wilderness Business Initiative (GWBI) was
established 181-183
Apr U3A celebrates 10th anniversary 184
Apr Another Slow Fest success 185
WRRA entered Apr Apr Island Road
-
Wilderness in the Town of the Year competition 181;186
realigned due to erosion 187
Birding excursion organised by Lakes Bird Club at Wilderness
National Park 188
May
Committee for the newly established Greater Wilderness Business
Initiative (GWBI) was elected 189
May
June March against GMO trial crops 190
Two sporting events were successfully completed using access to
private land, forestry land and conservation land 191;192
July Citizens respond to a request for clearing aliens made by
SCLI 193
Residents at Rondevlei foil burglars attempt due to community
actions 194
July
Plans are afoot to July
-
re-open the Karos Hotel 195
Various activities are offered at Hoekwil to raise funds for its
100 year celebration. One activity is collecting all the contact
information of all ex-residents 196
July Voortrekkers camp at Swartvlei 197
July Sedgefield Ratepayers reported back on meeting with
municipality raising issues of boreholes, alien vegetation and
several issues with SANParks stretching back years 198. SANParks
responded to the issues 199. An honorary ranger also responded to
the way the first article was
-
written in a letter to the editor 200 There was a reply written
by Sedge Ratepayers outlining the route they are taking going
forward 201
Current families in Hoekwil is all inkommers (a change in
demographics) (I14)
SANParks officials were confronted by 5 men wearing police
uniforms 202
July July The Edge downsizing due to recession 203
July Speed limit on Island in limelight again with an equitable
solution found 204. Letter to the editor a citizen raises concern
that the conservancy wants to tar the roads on the Island 205.
Conservancy
-
drafted a reply in a form of a letter to the editor 206
July Ruigtevlei weir gates set in place 207
July Birmingham youths spend time at Outward bound (Willow
Point) interacting with Rondevlei School 208
Mouth open 2m 32 10 Aug GRNP roles out a plan to move away from
tourism development and accommodation to adventure filled
experiences 209
Aug Oom Sam passes away at age 72. The local councillor
described him as the Nelson Mandela of Karatara 210
Wilderness Resort Hotel up sale on auction after being closed
for several years 211 212
Aug New Registered Caretaker Campaign launched by
Aug Kiani Satu disaster and the management around it Clean-up
after
-
Southern Cape Landowners Initiative 213
the Kiani Satu 214-216
Mouth close 32 16 Aug A report back on the improvements of
proactive responses to disasters by Eden Disaster Management
217;218
16 Aug Mouth closed mechanically due to Kiani Satu 32
SANParks hosts a day for 100 youth during the free access to all
initiative 219
Sept SANParks Week launched in September 220
Sept Reopening of the Swartvlei mouth are started 221
Wilderness beach will enjoy Blue Flag status again 222;223
Sept
Firefighters fight a fire on Lakeview Farm 224
Oct
George municipality most eco-friendly city in SA 225
Oct
Mouth breached at 2.2m 32
21 Oct
25 Oct Mouth breached
-
32
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84. Vibert V. Letters to the editor. Wild News. 2004 8 Sept. 85.
Smith L. Letters to the editor. Wild News. 2004 22 Sept. 86. Leff
D. Letters to the editor: Loud bikes at Hoogekraal. Wild News. 2005
21 September. 87. Walsh P. WRRA Around the forum: N2 upgrade. Wild
News. 2004 20 Oct. 88. Wild News. GOG! GOG! Wild News. 2005 21
September. 89. Wild News. Milkwood village. Wild News. 2005 30
June. 90. Simmons. From the councillors desk. Wild News. 2005 9
February. 91. WALEAF. Proposed moratoruim on golf developments.
Wild News. 2005 9 Feb. 92. The Lakes Eco & Golf resort.
Newsletter. Wild News. 2005 9 Feb. 93. WALEAF. WALEAF. Wild News.
2005 9 March. 94. WALEAF. Lakes Eco: fatal flaw in the public
participation process. Wild News. 2005 10 Aug. 95. Wright G.
Letters to the editor. Wild News. 2005 19 October. 96. Lucas P.
Letters to the editor. Wild News. 2005 1 June. 97. Wild News.
Twitchers get a new hide. Wild News. 2005 30 June. 98. Drummond R.
Letters to the editor: Heritage line George Knysna. Wild News. 2005
24 August. 99. Bekker J. Alliance to protest against golf estate.
IOL. 2005 19 September. 100. Gosling M. SANParks denies giving
go-ahead for estate. IOL. 2005 9 September. 101. Wild News. Open
wide, please. Wild News. 2006 8 February. 102. Wild News. Open at
last. Wild News. 2006 3 May. 103. Sell S. W.R.R.A. report back.
Wild News. 2006 3 May. 104. Wild News. Dam it all! What's happened
to our water? Wild News. 2006 20 September. 105. Drummond R.
Letters to the editor. Wild News. 2006 1 November. 106. Leff D.
Kleinkrans desalination funded by Lakes Eco. Wild News. 2007 24
January. 107. Yeld J. Huge Garden Route development blocked. IOL.
2007 5 April. 108. Leff D. Gaurdians prohibited from marching on
Freedom Day: George. Wild News. 2007 3 May. 109. Barnard Y.
Constantia Kloof conservancy registered. Wild News. 2007 25 July.
110. Jooste B. Homes, cars lost in floods. IOL. 2007 24 November.
111. IOL. Heavy rains lash Cape. IOL. 2007 23 November. 112. Bekker
J. History made as Garden Route National Park is proclaimed.
CXpress. 2009 11 March. 113. Lourens P. Council debates water
disaster. Goerge Herald. 2009 29 Oct. 114. Gunning E. Suid-Kaapse
waterkrisis noodsaak beraad vandag. Die Burger. 2010 3
February.
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115. Department of Water Affairs. Reconciliation strategy for
Sedgefield. 2010 [cited 2012 3 November]; Available from:
http://www6.dwa.gov.za/iwrp/DSS/UserFiles/IWRP/Documents/WC_DC4_WC048_Sedgef_F.pdf.
116. The Water Wheel. Special award for Sedgefield project. The
Water Wheel. 2010 November/December:8. 117. Oelofse N. R140m
drought plan kicks in. IOL news. 2010. 118. S.A. weather and
disaster information service. Full house expected at George rally
to pray for rain. 2009 [3 November 2012]; Available from:
http://saweatherobserver.blogspot.com/2009/10/full-house-expected-at-george-rally-to.html.
119. De Beer A. Help our water supply last. George Herald. 2009 22
October. 120. De Beer A. Cut back or pay double. George Herald.
2009 15 October. 121. October A. Landbou in S-Kaap veg om
oorlewing. Die Burger. 2009 22 October. 122. De Beer A. New eco
estate launched. George Herald. 2009 15 October. 123. Gunning E.
George, Mosselbaai en Knysna rampgebiede weens droogte. Die Burger.
2009 12 November. 124. Gunning E. George kan tot tien boorgate kry
as noodbron. Die Burger. 2010 18 January. 125. Gunning E. George
verras met eenparige goedkeuring van pypleiding. Die Burger. 2009
14 November. 126. Naud P. Fishing in the estuaries. George Herald.
2009 3 December. 127. Gunning E. Vreugde loop in strome n water by
George raakgeboor is. Die Burger. 2010 27 January. 128. Oelofse J.
Crisis deepens as river stops flowing. 2010 [cited 2012 3
November]; Available from:
http://saweatherobserver.blogspot.com/2010/02/drought-news-southern-cape_11.html.
129. Gunning E. Tuinroete Nasionale Park gaan grt word. Die Burger.
2010 8 March. 130. Steyn T. Ren bring verligting vir S-Kaapse
dorpe. Die Burger. 2010 22 February. 131. Bird W. Controlled
burning of catchment areas. George Herald. 2010 1 April. 132.
Lourens P. ... after the fire, still awaiting rain. George Herald.
2010 1 April. 133. Botha Y. Ratepayers say decision was illegal.
Goerge Herald. 2010 1 April. 134. Botha Y. No George Herald, no
notification. Goerge Herald. 2010 1 April. 135. Gunning E. George
se aanloopbaan weer te nat. Die Burger. 2010 3 May. 136. Kruger J.
Nat weer laat George se lughawe sluit vir lugverkeer. Die Burger.
2010 21 February. 137. Gunning E. Alle vliegtuie kan George-lughawe
nou in alle weerstoestande gebruik. Die Burger. 2010 28 May. 138.
Gunning E. Geesdrif oor WB-trofee bring George tot stilstand. Die
Burger. 2010 12 May. 139. Die Burger. Sneeu en ren wurg land. Die
Burger. 2012 15 July. 140. Gunning E. Waterbeperkings in George
dalk verlig en tariewe kan daal. Die Burger. 2010 3 November. 141.
Gunning E. Groot planne vir vervoer in George. Die Burger. 2010 27
November. 142. Mare A. Wending in hofstryd oor Swartvlei. Die
Burger. 2011 15 January. 143. Gunning E. George gaan ekonomies ly
noudat hy sewes kwyt is. Die Burger. 2011 14 April.
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144. Kruger J. Suid-Kaap gons n die aarde bewe. Die Burger. 2011
15 May. 145. Kruger J. PW se houthuis haal R8 m. Die Burger. 2011
20 April. 146. Vermaak C. Extreme June weather 1:100 year event.
George Herald. 2011 21 July 2011. 147. Die Burger. Storms laat
Suid-Kaap steier. Die Burger. 2011 8 June. 148. South African
National Parks. Wilderness Rest Camp closed evacuation in
process2011. Available from:
http://www.sanparks.org/about/news/default.php?id=1672. 149.
Vermaak C. Nog nuwe huiseienaars by Touwsranten. George Herald.
2011 7 July 2011. 150. Vermaak C. Eden-distriksraad se wiele rol.
George Herald. 2011 7 July 2011. 151. Lourens P. Traffic noise has
Wilderness residents up in arms. George Herald. 2011 7 July 2011.
152. Lourens P. Wettest weather since 1970s. George Herald. 2011 14
July 2011. 153. Gunning E. Vloedskade kan R131m. oorskry. Die
Burger. 2011 12 June. 154. Gunning E. Minister sluit sentrum op
George waar rampbus toets geslaag het. Die Burger. 2011 14
September. 155. Gunning E. Oggend van smart. Die Burger. 2011 25
August. 156. Thakhuli R. Date set for 2011 SA National Parks Week
2011. Available from:
http://www.sanparks.org/about/news/default.php?id=1710. 157. De
Beer M. Trap-Net verskaf vervoer in die Suid-Kaap. Die Burger. 2012
10 January. 158. Wild News. Property owners want action plan for
river mouth. Wild News. 2012 20 July. 159. Potgieter M, Pienaar M.
Leerders huil oor skole wat moet sluit. Die Burger. 2012 17
October. 160. Kotze P. Touws River mouth breached again. SANParks
Times. 2012 December. 161. SANParks Times. Nature's Valley and
Wilderness honoured as SANPark's first Blue Flag beaches. SANParks
Times. 2012 December. 162. Wilderness Ratepayers & Residents
Association. November 2012 news update. The Edge. 2012 14 November
163. Gunning E. Lot van Choo-Tjoe-trein steeds onduidelik. Die
Burger. 2012 5 October. 164. The Edge. Aurecon wins SAHF special
merit award for Touwsranten housing project. The Edge. 2012 31
October. 165. The Edge. Youth nationals sail off to a flying start
The Edge. 2012 12 December. 166. The Edge. Illegal netting on
Swartvlei. The Edge. 2013 30 January. 167. Lourens P. Strik
stropers aktief in Hoekwil. George Herald. 2013 14 February. 168.
The Edge. Lakes Bird Club celebrates its 25th anniversary. The
Edge. 2013 27 February. 169. De Beer A. Circle for Wilderness.
George Herald. 2013 7 February. 170. Kirsten F. Unemployed attempt
to block N2. George Herald. 2013 4 July. 171. Vermaak C. Outeniqua
Cycleway - Transnet's call. George Herald. 2013 21 February. 172.
Vermaak C. Going wild for improvements. George Herald. 2013 21
February.
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173. Van Wyk L. Notes from Council. Wild News. 2013 20 March.
174. The Edge. What's happening on the Karatara River? The Edge.
2013 27 March. 175. Sonnekus H. What's happening at Ruigtevlei. The
Edge. 2013 22 May. 176. The Edge. New Karatara river weir. The
Edge. 2013 11 September. 177. George Herald. Voortrekkers leer van
doerie tyd. George Herald. 2013 14 March. 178. Lourens P. Langvlei
lake pollution: where does the buck stop? George Herald. 2013 23
May. 179. Smetherham J. FPA could save landowners millions. George
Herald. 2013 23 May. 180. Da Silva L. Drie vas na rooftog op
wandelpad. Goerge Herald. 2013 23 May. 181. Milford J. Business
initiative for Wilderness. Eden Express. 2013 17 April. 182.
Vermaak C. Initiative to boost Wilderness. George Herald. 2013 25
April. 183. Wild News. Wilderness to launch business chamber. Wild
News. 2013 20 March. 184. De Beer A. U3A George 10 years old. Mini
Ads News. 2013 3 April. 185. Eden Express. Wet Slow Fest. Eden
Express. 2013 3 April. 186. Vermaak C. Wilderness plays wild card.
George Herald. 2013 25 April. 187. The Edge. Island road
re-arranged. The Edge. 2013 10 April. 188. George Herald. Go
birding on 4 May. George Herald. 2013 2 May 2013. 189. George
Herald. Wilderness elects business leaders. George Herald. 2013 2
May 2013. 190. Falanga G. Free our food -now! Eden Express. 2013 26
June. 191. George Herald. X Lakes winter is here to stay. George
Herald. 2013 25 July 2013. 192. George Herald. Local athletes
dominate Big Tree Trail Run. George Herald. 2013 25 July 2013. 193.
George Herald. Landowners clear land and create jobs. George
Herald. 2013 18 July. 194. Da Silva L. United Rondevlei fights
crime. George Herald. 2013 25 July 2013. 195. Lourens P. Moves
afoot to re-open hotel. George Herald. 2013 25 July 2013. 196.
Sonnekus H. Hoekwil (amper) 100 jaar oud. Eden Express. 2013 31
July 2013. 197. George Herald. 100'e Voortrekkers byeen vir kamp.
George Herald. 2013 11 July. 198. The Edge. Sedge Ratepayers
feedback meeting. The Edge. 2013 3 July. 199. The Edge. SANParks'
response to Sedge Ratepayers. The Edge. 2013 17 July. 200. Nayler
L. Letter to the editor. The Edge. 2013 17 July. 201. Sedge
Ratepayers Committee. Letter to the editor. The Edge. 2013 31 July.
202. Association WRR. July 2013. The Edge. 2013 17 July. 203. Webb
B. The Edge (lite). The Edge. 2013 31 July. 204. The Edge. Sign
board. The Edge. 2013 17 July.
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205. Slightly Miffed Local Yokel. Letter to the editor. The
Edge. 2013 31 July. 206. Purcell O. Letter to the editor. The Edge.
2013 14 August. 207. Sonnekus H. Gate tangoes with nature. Eden
Express. 2013 3 July. 208. Edge T. Birmingham teens at outward
bound. The Edge. 2013 31 July. 209. Erlank I. GRNP has adventurous
plans. George Herald. 2013 8 August. 210. The Edge. Farewell Oom
Sam. The Edge. 2013 14 August. 211. Lourens P. Part-sale of
Wilderness Resort Hotel. George Herald. 2013 29 August. 212. George
Herald. Auction of Wilderness Resort Hotel. George Herald. 2013 5
September. 213. George Herald. Registered caretaker initiative for
landowners launched. George Herald. 2013 8 August. 214. Wild News.
Oil spill into nature reserve. Wild News. 2013 16 August 2013. 215.
The Edge. Still on the rocks but in the best hands. The Edge. 2013
14 August. 216. Sonnekus H, Falanga G. Rice carrier runs aground.
Eden Express. 2013 14 August. 217. Lourens P. Eden Disaster
Management: significant improvements. George Herald. 2013 15
August. 218. Mini Ads News. BAAM helps George weather a storm. Mini
Ads News. 2013 18 September. 219. George Herald. Youth and
conservation. George Herald. 2013 19 September 2013. 220. George
Herald. SANParks Week: free entrance to park. George Herald. 2013 5
September. 221. George Herald. Swartvlei reopenend. George Herald.
2013 12 September. 222. George Herald. Wilderness will wave Blue
Flag in summer. George Herald. 2013 12 September. 223. News MA.
Wilderness will wave Blue Flag in summer. Mini Aads News. 2013 11
September. 224. Kirsten F. Firefighters have their hands full.
George Herald. 2013 3 October. 225. De Beer A. Most eco-friendly
city in SA. George Herald. 2013 3 October.