Appendix C. Well and borehole interpretations and correlations · 2014-07-08 · APPENDIX C TO ‘THE CARBONIFEROUS SHALES OF THE MIDLAND VALLEY OF SCOTLAND: GEOLOGY AND RESOURCE
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APPENDIX C TO ‘THE CARBONIFEROUS SHALES OF THE MIDLAND VALLEY OF SCOTLAND: GEOLOGY AND RESOURCE ESTIMATION’
Appendix C. Well and borehole interpretations and correlations A.A. Monaghan & M.A.E. Browne
Well correlation
Figure C1 Location of the well/borehole correlation panels
Well correlation panels hung on the base of the Lower Limestone Formation (Hurlet Limestone) highlight the differing stratigraphic intervals drilled and the lateral variability of the Carboniferous succession (Figures C2-C6). The influence of igneous activity is striking, with numerous igneous sills and volcanic intervals encountered. Table 2 summarises the depths and thicknesses in key wells and boreholes used in this study.
The correlation of the Limestone Coal and Lower Limestone formations above the Hurlet Limestone is usually fairly straightforward, well studied and well constrained by data, though the precise assignments of named limestone and coal beds can be problematic where there is faulting and a lack of macrofaunal data. Lateral thickness variations are common, for example the Black Metals Member marine band reaches 164 ft (50 m) thick on the northern side of the Central Coalfield contrasting with less than ten feet (a few metres) thick in parts of the Midlothian Coalfield.
Correlation in the Strathclyde Group is more challenging due to laterally variable sedimentary and volcanic strata, laterally changing nomenclature, less constraining data and the possible effects of volcanism on biostratigraphically important faunas and floras.
APPENDIX C TO ‘THE CARBONIFEROUS SHALES OF THE MIDLAND VALLEY OF SCOTLAND: GEOLOGY AND RESOURCE ESTIMATION’
Some of the volcanic strata are fairly well defined spatially by map, borehole/well and geophysical (magnetic) data (e.g. parts of the Kinghorn and Bathgate Hills volcanic formations) and some ashes are observed semi-regionally (e.g. Barracks Ash). However, as a result of limited data and likely complex volcanic geometries, in most cases the lateral extent of volcanic formations in the subsurface is poorly defined.
Stratigraphic interpretations Given the importance of stratigraphic interpretations to the modelled depth surfaces and eventual rock volumes of prospective shale resource, the interpretations on well composite logs and in well reports were examined. In some cases a revised stratigraphic interpretation to that on the composite log was made using biostratigraphy information (from the well report or in BGS records), extensive BGS knowledge of Carboniferous stratigraphy or core logging of wells at the time of drilling (e.g. South Fod 1) and BGS or published information on the character and age of igneous rocks. A summary of where BGS interpretations differ from the company composite log, or where particular interpretations are emphasised is given in Table 1.
In addition the well correlations utilise the most recent rather than historical terminology (see Appendix B for equivalence).
APPENDIX C TO ‘THE CARBONIFEROUS SHALES OF THE MIDLAND VALLEY OF SCOTLAND: GEOLOGY AND RESOURCE ESTIMATION’
Well Revised stratigraphic interpretation Salsburgh 1A As in BGS Falkirk Memoir (Cameron et al. 1998), but with the interpretation of
Devonian microgranodiorite intrusion at base of well after Phillips & Browne (2000). Leven Seat 1 Nearly 1,970 ft (600 m) thick, fine-grained basalt (hawaiite to trachybasalt) and tuffs
containing interbedded TC zone sedimentary strata interpreted as Salsburgh Volcanic Formation and Gullane Formation equivalents. Presence of the top part of the Calders Member shows volcanism ended before that in Salsburgh 1A and 2. ?Pu zone strata beneath volcanic rocks correlated with the Inverclyde Group (Clyde Sandstone/ Ballagan Formation).
West Calder 1 The large proportion of ash in the mudstones at same stratigraphic level as the Salsburgh Volcanic Formation in Leven Seat 1 (7 km to SW) are interpreted as basinward equivalent of active extrusive volcanism.
Rashiehill (BGS borehole)
The interpretation of the volcanic rocks follows Anderson & Francis (1963) and Cameron et al. (1998), i.e. rocks of the Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation at the base of the borehole are overlain by younger rocks of the Bathgate Hills Volcanic Formation.
Inch of Ferryton 1 Interpretation taken from an unpublished BGS petrology report to include Pathhead Formation between 5,663 - 5,898 ft and to correlate the Strathclyde Group (5,898 - 6,360 ft) with the Sandy Craig Formation. Strata from 6,800 to 7,800 ft dominated by Devonian volcanic rocks.
South Fod 1 Beneath the Burdiehouse Limestone – part of the Calders Member, faulted to TC zone Gullane Formation at 2,860 ft. Below this the strata are similar to that in the Rosyth-Dalgety Bay area, including the Charles Hill Volcanic Member at 4,600 ft. An undifferentiated Strathclyde Group is interpreted between the Charles Hill Volcanic Member and the tuff/basalt of Carboniferous character at the base of the well.
Rosyth 1 The top of the Gullane Formation is interpreted at 2,490 ft based on BGS palaeontology records and regional stratigraphic correlations.
Lathalmond 1 Re-interpretation of the well beneath 374 ft to West Lothian Oil-Shale strata, with numerous intrusive sills, plus volcanic strata correlative of the Kinghorn Volcanic Formation. Due to the thick igneous succession, the lack of available biostratigraphy, and thickness of Visean successions to the south-east, the base of the well is interpreted to remain in the Strathclyde Group (not reaching the Inverclyde Group as indicated on the company composite log).
Milton of Balgonie 1 The basal part of the well has been re-interpreted with changes in base Pathhead, Sandy Craig and Pittenweem formations, and the inclusion of Anstruther Formation compared to the composite log. This was based on advice and a graphic log drawn by M. Browne who was present at the time of drilling, and incorporating all the palynology and biostratigraphy.
Firth of Forth 1 The Pittenweem Formation is believed to extend from 4,877 ft to the TD of the well (i.e. the Anstruther Formation is not reached).
Blackness 1 and Easter Pardovan 1
The top of the Gullane Formation has been re-interpreted in both wells. Towards the base of both wells are volcanic rocks which could correlate with the Charles Hill Volcanic Member as seen in the South Fod well and on the Fife coast.
Carrington 1 & Stewart 1
The position of the top Gullane Formation has been estimated by correlation with Midlothian 1 (the latter being biostratigraphically constrained, Neves et al. 1973).
Table 1 Summary of stratigraphic interpretations in wells used in this study, where revised from those on well composite logs or where a particular interpretation is emphasised.
APPENDIX C TO ‘THE CARBONIFEROUS SHALES OF THE MIDLAND VALLEY OF SCOTLAND: GEOLOGY AND RESOURCE ESTIMATION’
Table 2 Well and borehole interpretations; drilled depths to stratigraphic boundaries. np = not present or not possible to calculate a thickness, + signifies base of stratigraphic unit not reached so full unit will be thicker, FT signifies a fault recorded at that level.
Kilconquhar Mains
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR0 150
BHCS
US/F
140 40
BHCS140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pathhead Fm)
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Sandy Craig Fm)
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pittenweem Fm)
Milton of Balgonie 2
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Calmy Limestone
Midland Valley Sill
UpperLimestone
Fm
LimestoneCoalFm
Lower Limestone Fm
Milton of Balgonie 1
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1250
1275
1300
1325
1350
1375
1400
1425
1450
1475
1500
1525
1550
1575
1600
1625
1650
1675
1700
1725
1750
1775
1800
1825
1850
1875
1900
1925
1950
1975
2000
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
BHCS
US/F
140 40
BHCS
US/F
140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
5000
5200
5400
5600
5800
6000
6200
6400
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Calmy Limestone
Blackhall Limestone
Fell Limestone
? Burdiehouse Limestone equivalent
Kinghorn VolcanicFormation
sill
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pathhead Fm)
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Sandy Craig Fm)
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pittenweem Fm)
Gullane unit(Anstruther Fm)
Kinghorn VolcanicFormation
Kinghorn VolcanicFormation
Black MetalsMbr
Mackies Mill
basalt, sill
925
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
875
900
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1:2000
1:2000
METRES
METRES
MD
MD
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3400
3600
3800
4000
1:2000
1:2000
FEET MD
FEET MD
LimestoneCoalFm
UpperLimestone
Fm
PassageFm
LowerCoal
Measures
Thornton 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GRGC
GAPI
0 150
GRGC
GAPI
0 150
DT35
US/F
47.807 146.136
DT35
US/F
47.807 146.136
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Kelty Bridge 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
BHCS
US/F
140 40
BHCS
US/F
140 40
200
400
800
1000
1200
1400
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Blackhall Limestone
Duloch Under Limestone
West LothianOil-Shale unit
Duluch Under Limestone
925
Burdiehouse Limestone
Charles Hill VolcanicMbr (tuff, basalt)
West LothianOil-Shale unit(Calders Mbr)
Gullane unit
Strathclyde Group(undifferentiated)
Houston Marl
Fell Limestone
Binnend Sandstone
Dunnet Shale
tuff
tuff andsill (teschenite)
sill (teschenite)
sill
sill
sill, ash
tuff, basalt
tuff
TC palynomorphzone
Braefoot Baysill (teschenite)
South Fod 1
?fault
LowerLimestone
Fm
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pathhead Fm)
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
800
825
850
875
900
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1250
1275
1300
1325
1350
1375
1400
1425
1450
1475
1500
1525
1550
1575
1600
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4200
4400
4800
5000
5200
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Calais 3
50
75
125
150
175
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
200
400
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
sill
Duloch UnderLimestone
Fell Limestone
Binnend Sandstone
Burdiehouse Limestone
sill
sill
sill
sill
Houston Marls
Calders Member
Rosyth 1
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pathhead Fm)
Gullane unit
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
dolerite
dolerite
volcanics
possibleHouston Marls
equivalent
volcanics with clay(possibly equivalent to the
Kinghorn Volcanic Formation, and thus to the upper part ofthe Sandy Craig Formation of
the West Lothian Oil-Shale unit)
dolerite/volcanics
Lathalmond 1
LowerLimestone
Fm
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pathhead Fm)
Strathclyde Group(possibly West Lothian
Oil-Shale unit)
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Meadowhill 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
NGAM
GAPI
0 150
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
PassageFormation
UpperLimestone
Fm
LimestoneCoalFm
Black Metals Marine Band
West Lothian Oil-Shale unit(Pathhead Fm)
West Lothian Oil-Shale unit(Sandy Craig Fm)
Inverclyde Group
Inch of Ferryton 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1250
1275
1300
1325
1350
1375
1400
1425
1450
1475
1500
1525
1550
1575
1600
1625
1650
1675
1700
1725
1750
1775
1800
1825
1850
1875
1900
1925
1950
1975
2000
2025
2050
2075
2100
2125
2150
2175
2200
2225
2250
2275
2300
2325
2350
2375
2400
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 250 BHCS
US/F
140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5200
5400
5600
5800
6000
6200
6600
6800
7000
7200
7400
7600
7800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
LowerLimestone
Fm
StrathedenGroup
(Devonian)
? Lower Devonian
Black Metals Marine Band
quartz dolerite sill
Hurlet Limestone
Devonian volcanicrock
? Johnstone Shell Band
Airth 6
25
50
75
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
NGAM
GAPI
0 150
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
PassageFm
LimestoneCoalFm
UpperLimestone
Fm
LowerCoal
Measures
Black Metals Marine Band
Devonian sedimentary
Devonian igneous
Scottish Coal Measures Group
Dominantlysandstone
Passage Formation
Upper Limestone Formation
Limestone Coal Formation
Lower Limestone Formation
West Lothian Oil-Shale unit
Gullane Formation
Clyde Plateau Volc Fm Salsburgh Volc Fm
Arthur’s Seat Volc Fm Garleton Hills Volc Fm
Clyde Sandstone Formation
Ballagan Formation
Kinesswood Formation
Limestone
Wells/boreholes without digital gamma logsFills summarise lithologies for strata beneath the Black Metals Marine Band
Colours of stratigraphic intervals
InverclydeGrp
BurdiehouseLimestone
Dominantlymudstone,
siltstone
Limestonethin bed
Mixed lithologystrata (mudstone,
siltstone, sandstone, coal, limestone etc)
Dominantly mudstone, calcareous
mudstone and limestone
Extrusive volcanic rockbasalt, tuff, ash. Often
with some sedimentarybeds
Top and base sill.Occasionally mixed
sedimentary andigneous strata
Sill
Key and location map
Strathclyde Group(undifferentiated)
Grey shading on the Limestone Coal Fm, Lower Limestone Fm, West Lothian Oil-Shale unit, Gullane Unit and BallaganFm highlights the mudstone intervals
Monaghan, A.A. 2014. The Carboniferous shales of the Midland Valley of Scotland: geology and resource estimation. British Geological Survey for Department of Energy and Climate Change, London, UK.
Appendix Figure C2. Detailed correlation of Carboniferous strata between selected key wells and boreholes in the Midland Valley of Scotland.
500 ft
Vertical scale1:2,000
100 m
As there is no gamma log, no mudstone shading has been attempted
Lawmuir 1A
Craigenglen beds (marine)
Balmore Marine Band
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
1:2000METRES
MD
200
400
600
800
1:2000FEET MD
MilngavieNo 5
sill
bLLGS
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
1:2000FEET MD
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
1:2000METRES
MD
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
1:2000METRES
MD
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
1:2000FEET MD
Queenslie BridgeBore (No 1)
Bargeddie 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
DT
US/F
140 40
DT
US/F
140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Calmy Limestone
Salsburgh 1A
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
1:2000METRES
MD
METRES1:2000
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Fraser Shale
Raeburn Shale
Houston Marl
Broxburn Marl
Dunnet shale
Devonian
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1250
1275
Barracks limestoneand ash
Calmy Limestone 150
75
175
100
25
200
125
50
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
1:2000METRES
MD
METRES1:2000
MD
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
600
400
800
200
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
3000
3200
3400
3600
Calmy Limestone
Orchard Limestone
Salsburgh 2
Cotcastle Shell bed
Houston Marl
Broxburn Marl
Barracks limestone and ash
Netherfields limestoneand coal
Raeburn Shale
Johnstone Shell Bed
Houston Marl
Raeburn Shale
Orchard Limestone
Calmy Limestone
Craighead 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
DT
US/F
140 40
DT
US/F
140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Johnstone Shell Bed
Leven Seat 1
425
25
450
50
475
75
500
100
525
125
550
150
575
175
600
200
625
225
650
250
675
275
700
300
725
325
750
350
775
375
800
400
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1250
1275
1300
1325
1350
1375
1400
1425
1450
1475
1500
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
DT
US/F
140 40
DT
US/F
140 40
1400
1600
1800
200
2000
400
2200
600
2400
800
2600
1000
2800
1200
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
NM palynomorphzone
TC palynomorphzone interbeds
Inverclyde Group, Ballagan/Clyde Sandstone fms. ?Pu palynomorph zone
Salsburgh Volcanic Fmeastward extent unknown
Lower Limestone Fm
Limestone Coal Fm
Upper Limestone Fm
Passage Fm
Coal MeasuresGroup
METRES1:2000
MD
150
75
175
100
25
200
125
50
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
1:2000METRES
MD
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1100
1050
1150
1125
1075
1175
600
400
800
200
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
3000
3200
3400
3800
3600
West Calder 1
Dunnet Shale
ash
ash
fault?
basalt
Pumpherston 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 10
GR
GAPI
0 10
SON
US/F
1500 2500
SON
US/F
1500 2500
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Hailes Sandstone
Wardie Marine Band
sill
Granton Sandstone
Abbeyhill shale
75
100
25
125
50
1:2000
1:2000
METRES
METRES
MD
MD
400
200
1:2000
1:2000
FEET MD
FEET MD
Old Pentland 7A
Hopetoun Mbr
Calders Mbr
Straiton 1
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
BHCS
US/F
140 40
BHCS
US/F
140 40
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Gullane Fm
Carrington 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1250
1275
1300
1325
1350
1375
1400
1425
1450
1475
1500
1525
1550
1575
1600
1625
1650
1675
1700
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
BHCS
US/F
140 40
BHCS
US/F
140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5200
5400
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
METRES1:2000
MD
150
75
175
100
25
200
125
50
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
1:2000METRES
MD
900
925
950
975
600
400
800
200
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
3000
3200
Monkton House Bore 37
Gullane unit(Fife Ness Fm equivalent)
925
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
950
1050
975
1075
1000
1100
1025
1125
1150
1:2000METRES
MD1:2000
FEET MD
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1600
1400
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3600
3200
3800
3400
Midlothian 1
Dunnet shale?
Wardie shale?
Stewart 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
BHCS
US/F
140 40
BHCS
US/F
140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Spilmersford
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
BHCS
US/F
140 40
BHCS
US/F
140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Tyneholm bedsWinton Marine Band
Limekiln Marine Band
Dump Marine Band
Intrusion
Ballagan Fm
LowerCoalMeasuresFm
LimestoneCoalFm
LowerLimestone Fm
West LothianOil -Shale unit
Gullane Fm
PassageFm
UpperLimestoneFm
Gullane Fm
base ash with shale
top ash with 10-20% shale
shale withash beds?Strathclyde Grp
extentuncertain
RaeburnShale?
Houston sandstone?
Black MetalsMbr
Black MetalsMbr
Black MetalsMbr Black Metals
Mbr
Johnstone Shell Bed
Laterally toGarleton HillsVolcanic Formationin East Lothian
Laterally toArthur’s SeatVolcanic Fmin Edinburgh
Salsburgh Volcanic Formationextent and correlation uncertain
Wells/boreholes without digital gamma logsFills summarise lithologies for strata beneath the Black Metals Marine Band
Colours of stratigraphic intervals
InverclydeGrp
BurdiehouseLimestone
Dominantlymudstone,
siltstone
Limestonethin bed
Mixed lithologystrata (mudstone,
siltstone, sandstone, coal, limestone etc)
Dominantly mudstone, calcareous
mudstone and limestone
Extrusive volcanic rockbasalt, tuff, ash. Often
with some sedimentarybeds
Top and base sill.Occasionally mixed
sedimentary andigneous strata
Sill
Key and location map
Strathclyde Group(undifferentiated)
Grey shading on the Limestone Coal Fm, Lower Limestone Fm, West Lothian Oil-Shale unit, Gullane Unit and BallaganFm highlights the mudstone intervals
Monaghan, A.A. 2014. The Carboniferous shales of the Midland Valley of Scotland: geology and resource estimation. British Geological Survey for Department of Energy and Climate Change, London, UK.
Appendix Figure C3. Detailed correlation of Carboniferous strata between selected key wells in the Midland Valley of Scotland.
Wells/boreholes without digital gamma logsFills summarise lithologies for strata beneath the Black Metals Marine Band
Colours of stratigraphic intervals
InverclydeGrp
BurdiehouseLimestone
Dominantlymudstone,
siltstone
Limestonethin bed
Mixed lithologystrata (mudstone,
siltstone, sandstone, coal, limestone etc)
Dominantly mudstone, calcareous
mudstone and limestone
Extrusive volcanic rockbasalt, tuff, ash. Often
with some sedimentarybeds
Top and base sill.Occasionally mixed
sedimentary andigneous strata
Sill
Key and location map
Strathclyde Group(undifferentiated)
Grey shading on the Limestone Coal Fm, Lower Limestone Fm, West Lothian Oil-Shale unit, Gullane Unit and BallaganFm highlights the mudstone intervals
Monaghan, A.A. 2014. The Carboniferous shales of the Midland Valley of Scotland: geology and resource estimation. British Geological Survey for Department of Energy and Climate Change, London, UK.
Appendix Figure C4. Detailed correlation of Carboniferous strata between selected key wells in the Midland Valley of Scotland.
500 ft
Vertical scale1:2,000
100 m
dolerite
dolerite
volcanics
possibleHouston Marls
equivalent
volcanics with clay(possibly equivalent to the
Kinghorn Volcanic Formation, and thus to the upper part ofthe Sandy Craig Formation of
the West Lothian Oil-Shale unit)
dolerite/volcanics
Lathalmond 1
LowerLimestone
Fm
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pathhead Fm)
Strathclyde Group(possibly West Lothian
Oil-Shale unit)
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Blackness 1
HoustonMarl
Hopetoun Member
Burdiehouse Limestone
Calders Member
sill
BroxburnShale
Gullane Fm.
PumpherstonShale
Gullane Fm.
Calders Member
METRESMD
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
925
875
950
900
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000
Easter Pardovan 1
Hopetoun Member
sill
sill
sill
Dunnet shalePort Edgar ash
Dunnet sandstone
West LothianOil-Shale unit
Pumpherston 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 10
GR
GAPI
0 10
SON
US/F
1500 2500
SON
US/F
1500 2500
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Hailes Sandstone
Wardie Marine Band
igneous-probably sill
Granton Sandstone
Abbeyhill shales
Gullane unit
Ballagan Formation
Monaghan, A.A. 2014. The Carboniferous shales of the Midland Valley of Scotland: geology and resource estimation. British Geological Survey for Department of Energy and Climate Change, London, UK.
Appendix Figure C5. Detailed correlation of Carboniferous strata between selected key wells in the Midland Valley of Scotland.
Devonian sedimentary
Devonian igneous
Scottish Coal Measures Group
Dominantlysandstone
Passage Formation
Upper Limestone Formation
Limestone Coal Formation
Lower Limestone Formation
West Lothian Oil-Shale unit
Gullane Formation
Clyde Plateau Volc Fm Salsburgh Volc Fm
Arthur’s Seat Volc Fm Garleton Hills Volc Fm
Clyde Sandstone Formation
Ballagan Formation
Kinesswood Formation
Limestone
Wells/boreholes without digital gamma logsFills summarise lithologies for strata beneath the Black Metals Marine Band
Colours of stratigraphic intervals
InverclydeGrp
BurdiehouseLimestone
Dominantlymudstone,
siltstone
Limestonethin bed
Mixed lithologystrata (mudstone,
siltstone, sandstone, coal, limestone etc)
Dominantly mudstone, calcareous
mudstone and limestone
Extrusive volcanic rockbasalt, tuff, ash. Often
with some sedimentarybeds
Top and base sill.Occasionally mixed
sedimentary andigneous strata
Sill
Key and location map
Strathclyde Group(undifferentiated)
Grey shading on the Limestone Coal Fm, Lower Limestone Fm, West Lothian Oil-Shale unit, Gullane Unit and BallaganFm highlights the mudstone intervals
500 ft
Vertical scale1:2,000
100 m
Glenrothes
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
MCS1
US/F
140 40
MCS1
US/F
140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
sill
Kinghorn VolcanicFormation
Kinghorn VolcanicFormation
Milton of Balgonie 1
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1250
1275
1300
1325
1350
1375
1400
1425
1450
1475
1500
1525
1550
1575
1600
1625
1650
1675
1700
1725
1750
1775
1800
1825
1850
1875
1900
1925
1950
1975
2000
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
BHCS
US/F
140 40
BHCS
US/F
140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
5000
5200
5400
5600
5800
6000
6200
6400
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Calmy Limestone
Blackhall Limestone
Fells Limestone
? Burdiehouse Limestone equivalent
Kinghorn VolcanicFormation
sill
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pathhead Fm)
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Sandy Craig Fm)
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pittenweem Fm)
Gullane unit(Anstruther Fm)
Milton of Balgonie 2
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Calmy Limestone
Midland Valley Sill
Black MetalsMbr
Mackies Mill
basaltand sill
925
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
875
900
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1:2000
1:2000
METRES
METRES
MD
MD
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3400
3600
3800
4000
1:2000
1:2000
FEET MD
FEET MD
Black MetalsMbr
Thornton 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GRGC
GAPI
0 150
GRGC
GAPI
0 150
DT35
US/F
47.807 146.136
DT35
US/F
47.807 146.136
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Black MetalsMbr
dolerite
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1600
1400
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
1:2000FEET MD
925
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
950
975
1000
1:2000METRES
MD
Boreland
TD in LSCFirth of Forth 1
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1250
1275
1300
1325
1350
1375
1400
1425
1450
1475
1500
1525
1550
1575
1600
1625
1650
1675
1700
1725
1750
1775
1800
1825
1850
1875
1900
1925
1950
1975
2000
2025
2050
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
DT
US/F
140 40
DT
US/F
140 40
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5200
5400
5600
5800
6000
6200
6400
6600
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pathhead Fm)
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Sandy Craig Fm.)
West LothianOil-Shale unit
(Pittenweem Fm)
Gullane unit(Anstruther Fm)
LimestoneCoal Fm
LowerLimestone Fm
Kinghorn VolcanicFormation
Black MetalsMbr925
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
950
975
1000
1025
1:2000METRES
MD1:2000
FEET MD
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1600
1400
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
Eskmouth
Cousland 1
Fraser shale
Raeburn shale
Broxburn shale
Dunnet shell bed
Pumpherston Shell Bed
Dunnet shale
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
1:2000FEET MD
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
1:2000METRES
MD
Cousland 6
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 15
GR
GAPI
0 15
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Stewart 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
BHCS
US/F
140 40
BHCS
US/F
140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
925
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
950
1050
975
1075
1000
1100
1025
1125
1150
1:2000METRES
MD1:2000
FEET MD
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1600
1400
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3600
3200
3800
3400
Midlothian 1
Dunnet shale?
Wardie shale?
Carrington 1
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1250
1275
1300
1325
1350
1375
1400
1425
1450
1475
1500
1525
1550
1575
1600
1625
1650
1675
1700
1:2000METRES
MD
1:2000METRES
MD
GR
GAPI
0 150
GR
GAPI
0 150
BHCS
US/F
140 40
BHCS
US/F
140 40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5200
5400
1:2000FEET MD
1:2000FEET MD
Calmy Limestone
LowerCoal
Measures
LowerCoal
Measures
LimestoneCoal Fm
PassageFm
LimestoneCoalFm
LowerLimestone Fm.
LowerLimestone Fm
West LothianOil-Shale unit
Gullane unit
LowerLimestone Fm
PassageFm
UpperLimestone
Fm
UpperLimestone
Fm
unconformity
West Lothian Oil-Shale unit (Pathhead Fm)
Ballagan Fm
Kinnesswood Fm
Knox Pulpit Fm
Devonian sedimentary
Devonian igneous
Scottish Coal Measures Group
Dominantlysandstone
Passage Formation
Upper Limestone Formation
Limestone Coal Formation
Lower Limestone Formation
West Lothian Oil-Shale unit
Gullane Formation
Clyde Plateau Volc Fm Salsburgh Volc Fm
Arthur’s Seat Volc Fm Garleton Hills Volc Fm
Clyde Sandstone Formation
Ballagan Formation
Kinesswood Formation
Limestone
Wells/boreholes without digital gamma logsFills summarise lithologies for strata beneath the Black Metals Marine Band
Colours of stratigraphic intervals
InverclydeGrp
BurdiehouseLimestone
Dominantlymudstone,
siltstone
Limestonethin bed
Mixed lithologystrata (mudstone,
siltstone, sandstone, coal, limestone etc)
Dominantly mudstone, calcareous
mudstone and limestone
Extrusive volcanic rockbasalt, tuff, ash. Often
with some sedimentarybeds
Top and base sill.Occasionally mixed
sedimentary andigneous strata
Sill
Key and location map
Strathclyde Group(undifferentiated)
Grey shading on the Limestone Coal Fm, Lower Limestone Fm, West Lothian Oil-Shale unit, Gullane Unit and BallaganFm highlights the mudstone intervals
Monaghan, A.A. 2014. The Carboniferous shales of the Midland Valley of Scotland: geology and resource estimation. British Geological Survey for Department of Energy and Climate Change, London, UK.
Appendix Figure C6. Detailed correlation of Carboniferous strata between selected key wells and boreholes in the Midland Valley of Scotland.
500 ft
Vertical scale1:2,000
100 m
As there is no gamma log, no mudstone shading has been attempted