APPENDIX B: Species Lists for Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Stillwater Wildlife Management Area, and Fallon National Wildlife Refuge NEXT HOME
APPENDIX B:
Species Lists for Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge,Stillwater Wildlife Management Area, andFallon National Wildlife Refuge
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Table of Contents
BIRD SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
MAMMAL SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-11
REPTILE AND AMPHIBIAN SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-14
FISH SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-16
SAND OBLIGATE INVERTEBRATE SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-18
BUTTERFLY SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-19
WETLAND INVERTEBRATE SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-21
WETLAND PLANT SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-23
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B-1
BIRD SPECIESOF
STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR
Systematic List
ORDERFAMILYSubfamily/Tribe
Common name Genus species Occurrence
~ - nonnative C - commonER - extremely rare
or accidentalR - rareU - uncommon* - nest locally
A - accidental
GAVIIFORMES
GAVIIDAE: LOONS
Pacific loon Gavia arctica RCommon loon Gavia immer R
PODICIPEDIIFORMES
PODICIPEDIDAE: GREBES
Clark's grebe Aechmophorus clarkii * CWestern grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis * CHorned grebe Podiceps auritus REared grebe Podiceps nigricollis * CPied-billed grebe Podilymbus podiceps * C
PELECANIFORMES
PELECANIDAE: PELICANS
American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhyncos * CBrown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis A
PHALACROCORACIDAE: CORMORANTS
Double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus * C
B-2
CICONIIFORMES
ARDEIDAE: HERONS
Great blue heron Ardea herodias * CAmerican bittern Botaurus lentiginosus * UCattle egret Bubulcus ibis * UGreen-backed heron Butorides striatus RGreat egret Casmerodius albus * CSnowy egret Egretta thula * CLeast bittern Ixobrychus exilis * RBlack-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax * C
CICONIIDAE: STORKS
Marabou stork Leptotilos crumeniferus ER (escapee)Wood stork Mycteria americana ER
PHOENICOPTERIDAE: FLAMINGOS
~American flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber ER (escapee)
THRESKIORNITHIDAE: IBISES AND SPOONBILLS
White faced ibis Plegadis chihi * C
ANSERIFORMES
ANATIDAE: SWANS, GEESE, AND DUCKS
Dendrocygnini: fulvous whistling ducks
Fulvous whistling duck Dendrocygna bicolor A
Cygnini: swans
Trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator RTundra swan Cygnus columbianus C
Anserini: geese
Greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons UBrant Branta bernicla RCanada goose Branta canadensis Lesser var. parvipes C Great Basin var. moffitti * C Cackler var. minima U Aleutian var. leucopareia RSnow goose Chen caerulescens CRoss' goose Chen rossii U
B-3
Anatinae: ducks
Wood duck Aix sponsa * UNorthern pintail Anas acuta * CAmerican wigeon Anas americana * CNorthern shoveler Anas clypeata * CGreen-winged teal Anas crecca * CCinnamon teal Anas cyanoptera * CBlue-winged teal Anas discors * UEurasian wigeon Anas penelope RMallard Anas platyrhynchos * CAmerican black duck Anas rubripes AGadwall Anas strepera * CLesser scaup Aythya affinis URedhead Aythya americana * CRing-necked duck Aythya collaris UGreater scaup Aythya marila RCanvasback Aythya valisineria * CBufflehead Brucephala albeola CCommon goldeneye Brucephala clangula UBarrow's goldeneye Bucephala islandica ROldsquaw Clangula hyemalis RHooded merganser Lophodytes cucullatus UWhite-winged scoter Melanitta fusca RSurf scoter Melanitta perspicillata RCommon merganser Mergus merganser CRed-breasted merganser Mergus serrator RRuddy duck Oxyura jamaicensis * C
GRUIFORMES
GRUIDAE: CRANES
Sandhill crane Grus canadensis R
RALLIDAE: RAILS, GALLINULES AND COOTS
American coot Fulica americana * CCommon moorhen Gallinula chloropus * USora Porzana carolina * CVirginia rail Rallus limicola * C
CHARADRIIFORMES
CHARADRIIDAE: PLOVERS
Snowy plover Charadrius alexandrinus * UMountain plover Charadrius montana RSemipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus UKilldeer Charadrius vociferous * CAmerican golden plover Pluvialis dominica RBlack-bellied plover Pluvialis squatarola U
B-4
RECURVIROSTRIDAE: STILTS AND AVOCETS
Black-necked stilt Himantopus mexicanus * CAmerican avocet Recurvirostra americana * C
SCOLOPACIDAE: SANDPIPERS
Spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia * URuddy turnstone Arenaria interpres RSanderling Calidris alba RDunlin Calidris alpina UBaird's sandpiper Calidris bairdii URed knot Calidris canutus RStilt sandpiper Calidris himantopus RPectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos RSemi-palmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla RWillet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus UCommon snipe Gallinago gallinago UShort-billed dowitcher Limnodromus griseus RLong-billed dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus CMarbled godwit Limosa fedoa ULong-billed curlew Numenius americanus * URed-necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus CWilson's phalarope Phalaropus tricolor * CLesser yellowlegs Tringa flavipes UGreater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca USolitary sandpiper Tringa solitaria R
LARIDAE: GULLS AND TERNS
Black tern Chlidonias niger * UHerring gull Larus argentatus UCalifornia gull Larus californicus * CRing-billed gull Larus delawarensis UGlaucous gull Larus hyperboreus RBonaparte's gull Larus philadelphia RFranklin's gull Larus pipixcan * ULong-tailed jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus RPomarine jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus RCaspian tern Sterna caspia * UForster's tern Sterna forsteri * CCommon tern Sterna hirundo RGlaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens RThayer’s Gull Larus thayeri R
ALCIDAE: AUKS AND MURRES
Ancient murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus ER
FALCONIFORMES
CATHARTIDAE: VULTURES
Turkey vulture Cathartes aura C
B-5
ACCIPITRIDAE: KITES, HAWKS AND EAGLES
Cooper's hawk Accipiter cooperii UNorthern goshawk Accipiter gentilis RSharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus UGolden eagle Aquila chrysaetos * URed-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis * CRough-legged hawk Buteo lagopus CRed-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus RFerruginous hawk Buteo regalis USwainson's hawk Buteo swainsoni * UNorthern harrier Circus cyaneus * CBlack-shouldered kite Elanus caeruleus RBald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus UOsprey Pandion haliaetus * U
FALCONIDAE: FALCONS
Merlin Falco columbarius UPrairie falcon Falco mexicanus * UPeregrine falcon Falco peregrinus RAmerican kestrel Falco sparverius * C
GALLIFORMES
PHASIANIDAE: GROUSE
~Chukar Alectoris chukar * R~California quail Callipepla californica * C~Wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo * U~Ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus * U
COLUMBIFORMES
COLUMBIDAE: DOVES
Band-tailed pigeon Columba fasciata R~Rock dove Columba livia * CWhite-winged dove Zenaida asiatica ERMourning dove Zenaida macroura * C
STRIGIFORMES
TYTONIDAE: BARN OWLS
Barn owl Tyto alba * C
STRIGIDAE: OWLS
Northern saw-whet owl Aegolius acadicus RShort-eared owl Asio flammeus * U
B-6
Long-eared owl Asio otus * UBurrowing owl Athene cunicularia * UGreat horned owl Bubo virginianus * CWestern screech owl Otus kennicottii * U
CAPRIMULGIFORMES
CAPRIMULGIDAE: NIGHTJARS
Common nighthawk Chordeiles minor * C
APODIFORMES
APODIDAE: SWIFTS
White-throated swift Aeronautes saxatalis RVaux's swift Chaetura vauxi RBlack swift Cypseloides niger R
TROCHILIDAE: HUMMINGBIRDS
Black-chinned hummingbird Archilochus alexandri * CAnna’s hummingbird Calypte anna RBroad-tailed hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus CRufous hummingbird Selasphorus rufus UCalliope hummingbird Stellula calliope R
CORACIIFORMES
ALCEDINIDAE: KINGFISHERS
Belted kingfisher Ceryle alcyon U
PICIDAE: WOODPECKERS
Northern flicker Colaptes auratus * CLewis's woodpecker Melanerpes lewis UDowny woodpecker Picoides pubescens * UHairy woodpecker Picoides villosus URed-naped sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis RYellow-bellied sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius A
PASSERIFORMES
TYRANNIDAE: FLYCATCHERS
Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus borealis RWestern wood pewee Contopus sordidulus UWestern flycatcher Empidonax difficilis CHammond’s flycatcher Empidonax hammondii UDusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri UWillow flycatcher Epidonax trailii U
B-7
Gray flycatcher Empidonax wrightii UAsh-throated flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens UBlack phoebe Sayornis nigricans RSay's phoebe Sayornis saya * UEastern kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus RWestern kingbird Tyrannus verticalis * C
ALAUDIDAE: LARKS
Horned lark Eremophila alpestris * C
HIRUNDINIDAE: SWALLOWS
Cliff swallow Hirundo phyrrhonota * CBarn swallow Hirundo rustica * CPurple martin Progne subis RBank swallow Riparia riparia * UNorthern rough-winged swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis * UTree swallow Tachycineta bicolor CViolet-green swallow Tachycineta thalassina * U
CORVIDAE: MAGPIES, CROWS AND JAYS
Scrub jay Aphelocoma coerulescens UAmerican crow Corvus brachyrhynchos * CCommon raven Corvus corax * CBlue jay Cyanocitta cristata RSteller’s jay Cyanocitta stelleri RPiñon jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus RClark's nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana RBlack-billed magpie Pica pica * C
PARIDAE: CHICKADEES AND TITMICE
Mountain chickadee Parus gambeli UPlain titmouse Parus inoratus R
AEGITHALIDAE: BUSHTIT
Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus * U
SITTIDAE: NUTHATCHES
Red-breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis UWhite-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis UPygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea R
CERTHIIDAE: CREEPERS
Brown creeper Certhia americana R
B-8
TROGLODYTIDAE: WRENS
Marsh wren Cistothorus palustris * CRock wren Salpinctes obsoletus * UBewick's wren Thryomanes bewickii * CHouse wren Troglodytes aedon * UWinter wren Troglodytes troglodytes R
MUSCICAPIDAE: THRUSHES, KINGLETS AND GNATCATCHERS
Hermit thrush Catharus guttatus USwainson’s thrush Catharus ustulatus RVaried thrush Ixoreus naevius UTownsend's solitaire Myadestes townsendi UBlue-gray gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea URuby-crowned kinglet Regulus calendula UGolden-crowned kinglet Regulus satrapa RMountain bluebird Sialia currucoides RWestern bluebird Sialia mexicana * UAmerican robin Turdus migratorius * C
LANIIDAE: SHRIKES
Northern shrike Lanius excubitor RLoggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus * C
MIMIDAE: MOCKINGBIRDS AND THRASHERS
Northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos * USage thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus * U
MOTACILLIDAE: PIPITS AND WAGTAILS
American pipit Anthus rubescens C
CINCLIDAE: DIPPERS
American dipper Cinclus mexicanus R
BOMBYCILLIDAE: WAXWINGS
Cedar waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum UBohemian waxwing Bombycilla garrulus R
PTILOGONATIDAE: SILKY-FLYCATCHERS
Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens ER
STURNIDAE: STARLINGS
~European starling Sturnus vulgaris * C
VIREONIDAE: VIREOS
Warbling vireo Vireo gilvus * USolitary vireo Vireo solitarius U
B-9
EMBERIZIDAE: WARBLERS, SPARROWS, BLACKBIRDS AND ORIOLES
Parulinae: wood warblers
Black-throated blue warbler Dendroica caerulescens ERYellow-rumped warbler Dendroica coronata CBlack-throated gray warbler Dendroica nigrescens UPalm warbler Dendroica palmarum RYellow warbler Dendroica petechia CTownsend's warbler Dendroica townsendi RCommon yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas * UYellow-breasted chat Icteria virens * RMacGillivray's warbler Oporornis tolmiei UOvenbird Seiurus aurocapillus ERAmerican redstart Setophaga ruticella ROrange-crowned warbler Vermivora celata CNashville warbler Vermivora ruficapilla UWilson's warbler Wilsonia pusilla C
Cardinalae: grosbeaks, buntings
Blue grosbeak Guiraca caerulea * ULazuli bunting Passerina amoena * UIndigo bunting Passerina cyanea RBlack-headed grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus * URose-breasted grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus R
Emberizinae: towhees, sparrows
Sage sparrow Amphispiza belli * CBlack-throated sparrow Amphispiza bilineata * CLapland longspur Calcarius laponicus RMcCown's longspur Calcarius mccownii RLark sparrow Chondestes grammacus UDark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis CLincoln's sparrow Melospiza lincolnii * USong sparrow Melospiza melodia * CFox sparrow Passerella iliaca USavannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis * C
var. nevadensisGreen-tailed towhee Pipilo chlorurus * RSpotted towhee Pipilo maculatus * UVesper sparrow Pooecetes gramineus UAmerican tree sparrow Spizella arborea ERBrewer's sparrow Spizella breweri UChipping sparrow Spizella passerina UWhite-throated sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis RWhite-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys CHarris's sparrow Zonotrichia querula ER
Icterinae: blackbirds, orioles
Red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus * CTri-colored blackbird Agelaius tricolor RBrewer's blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus * C
B-10
Northern oriole Icterus galbula * UBrown-headed cowbird Molothrus ater * UGreat-tailed grackle Quiscalus mexicanus * RWestern meadowlark Sturnella neglecta * CYellow-headed blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus * C
Thraupinae: tanagers
Western tanager Piranga ludoviciana U
PASSERIDAE: WEAVERS
~House sparrow Passer domesticus * C
FRINGILLIDAE: FINCHES
Pine siskin Carduelis pinus UAmerican goldfinch Carduelis tristis ULesser goldfinch Carduelsi psaltria UCassin's finch Carpodacus cassinii UHouse finch Carpodacus mexicanus * CEvening grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus U
B-11
CHARACTERISTIC MAMMAL SPECIESOF
STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR
ORDERFAMILYCommon name Genus species Habitat
Names of species which A - aquatichave been documented on R - riparianthe refuge complex are bold. U - upland
W - wetland
INSECTIVORA
SORICIDAE: SHREWS
Vagrant shrew Sorex vagrans R,WNorthern water shrew Sorex palustris R
CHIROPTERA
VESPERTILIONIDAE: PLAINNOSE BATS
Pallid bat Antrozous pallidus UBig brown bat Eptesicus fucus USilver-haired bat Lasionyeteris nottivagans U,RHoary bat Lasiurus cinereus UCalifornia myotis Myotis californicus ULong-eared myotis Myotis evotis ULittle brown myotis Myotis lucifugus USmall-footed myotis Myotis subulatus UFringed myotis Myotis thysanodes ULong-legged myotis Myotis volans UYuma myotis Mytois yumanensis UWestern pipistrel Pipistrellus hesperus UWestern big-eared bat Plecotus townsendi UBrazilian free-tailed bat Tadarida brasiliensis UMexican freetail bat Tadarida brasiliensis U
CARNIVORA
PROCYONIDAE: RINGTAIL CATS AND RACCOONS
Raccoon Procyon lotor W,R
B-12
MUSTELIDAE: MINK, WEASELS, BADGERS AND SKUNKS
Badger Taxidea taxus ULongtail weasel Mustela frenata W,RMink Mustela vison W,RSpotted skunk Spilogale putorius UStriped skunk Mephitis mephitis U
CANIDAE: COYOTES, WOLVES, AND FOXES
Coyote Canis latrans UKit fox Vulpes macrotis U
FELIDAE: CATS
Mountain lion Felis concolor UBobcat Lynx rufus U
RODENTIA
SCIURIDAE: SQUIRRELS
Townsend ground squirrel Citellus townsendi UWhitetail antelope squirrel Ammospermophilus leucurus U
GEOMYIDAE: POCKET GOPHERS
Valley pocket gopher Thomomys bottae U
HETEROMYIDAE: POCKET MICE, KANGAROO MICE, AND KANGAROO RATS
Ord kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordi UDesert kangaroo rat Dipodomys deserti UGreat Basin kangaroo rat Dipodomys microps UGreat Basin pocket mouse Perognathus parvus ULittle pocket mouse Perognathus longimembris ULongtail pocket mouse Perognathus formosus UMerriam kangaroo rat Dipodomys merriami UOrd kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordi UPale kangaroo mouse Microdipidops pallidus U
CASTORIDAE: BEAVER
Beaver Castor canadensis A
CRICETIDAE: MICE, RATS AND VOLES
Sagebrush vole Lagurus curtatus ULong-tailed vole Microtus longicaudus UMountain vole Microtus montanus W,UBushytail woodrat Neotoma cinerea U,RDesert woodrat Neotoma lepida U
B-13
Muskrat Ondatra zibethica ANorthern grasshopper mouse Onychomys leucogaster USouthern grasshopper mouse Onychomys torridus UCanyon mouse Peromyscus crinitus UDeer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus UPinion mouse Peromyscus truei UWestern harvest mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis W,U
MURIDAE: OLD WORLD RATS AND MICE
House mouse Mus musculus UNorway rat Rattus norvegicus U
ZAPODIDAE: JUMPING MICE
Western jumping mouse Zapus princeps U
ERETHIZONTIDAE: PORCUPINE
Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum U
LEPORIDAE: HARES AND RABBITS
Blacktail jackrabbit Lepus californicus UMountain cottontail Sylvilagus nuttalli U
ARTIODACTYLA
CERVIDAE: DEER
Mule deer Odocoileus hemionus U,R
B-14
CHARACTERISTIC REPTILE AND AMPHIBIAN SPECIESOF
STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR
ORDERFAMILYCommon name Genus species subspecies
Names of species whichhave been documented onthe refuge complex are bold.
ANURA
PELOBATIDAE: SPADEFOOT TOADS
Great Basin spadefoot toad Scaphiopus intermontanus
HYLIDAE: TREE FROGS
Pacific tree frog Pseudacris regilla
RANIDAE: FROGS
Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana nonnativeNorthern leopard frog Rana pipiens
CHELONIA
TESTUDINIDAE: FRESHWATER TURTLES
Northwestern pond turtle Clemmys marmorata marmorata
SQUMATA
IGUANIDAE: IGUANID LIZARDS
Northern Desert horned lizard Phrynosoma platyrhinos platyrhinosGreat Basin collared lizard Crotaphytus insularis bicintoresGreat Basin fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis biseriatusLarge-spotted leopard lizard Gambelia wislizenii wislizeniiNorthern sagebrush lizard Sceloporus graciosus graciosusSide-blotched lizard Uta stansburianaYellow-backed spiny lizard Sceloporus magister uniformisCommon Zebra-tailed lizard Callisaurus draconoides draconoides
TEIIDAE: WHIPTAIL LIZARDS
Great Basin whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus tigris tigris
B-15
COLUBRIDAE: COMMON SNAKES
California kingsnake Lampropeltis getulus californiaeDesert striped whipsnake Masticophis taeniatus taeniatusGreat Basin gopher snake Pituophis melanoleucus deserticolaMojave patch-nosed snake Salvadora hexalepis mojavensisNight snake Hypsiglena torquataRocky Mountain rubber boa Charina bottae utahensisSierra garter snake Thamnophis couchii couchii 1Sonoran Mt. KingsnakeWandering garter snake Thamnophis elegans vagransWestern yellow-bellied racer Coluber constrictor mormonWestern long-nosed snake Rhinocheilus lecontei leconteiWestern ground snake Sonora semiannulataWestern coachwhip Masticophis flagellum testaceus
VIPERIDAE: PIT VIPERS
Great Basin rattlesnake Crotalus viridis lutosus
B-16
CHARACTERISTIC FISH SPECIESOF
STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR
ORDERFAMILY
Common name Genus species Native
SALMONIFORMES
SALMONIDAE: TROUT
Rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri
CYPRINIFORMES
CYPRINIDAE: MINNOWS
Asiatic carp Cyprinus carpioFathead minnow Pimephales promelasGoldfish Carassius auratusLahontan tui chub Gila bicolor obesus *Lahontan speckled dacea Rhinichthys osculus robustus *Lahontan red-side shiner Richardsonius egregius *Sacramento blackfish Orthodon microlepidotus
SILURIFORMES
ICTALURIDAE: CATFISH
Black bullhead Ictalurus melasBrown bullhead Ictalurus nebulosusChannel catfish Ictalurus punctatusWhite catfish Ictalurus catus
PERCOPSIFORMES
CENTRARCHIDAE: SUNFISH
Black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatusBluegill Lepomis macrochirusGreen sunfish Lepomis cyanellusLargemouth blackbass Micropterus salmoidesSacramento perch Archoplites interruptusSmallmouth blackbass Micropterus dolomieuiWhite crappie Pomoxis annularis
B-17
ANTHERINIFORMES
POECILIIDAE: MOSQUITOFISH
Mosquito fish Gambusia affinis
PERCIFORMES
PERCICHTHYIDAE: TEMPERATE BASS
Striped bass Morone saxatilisWhite bass Morone chrysopsWiper Morone chrysops X saxatilis
PERCIDAE: PERCH
Walleye Stizostedion vitreumYellow perch Percan flavescens
a. Lahontan Speckled Dace has not been confirmed in 20 years.
B-18
SAND OBLIGATE INVERTEBRATE SPECIESOF
STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR
Systematic List
ORDER Genus species
COLEOPTERA
Mecynotarsus delicatulusRhadine myrmecodesTetragonoderus pallidusPhilothris sp.Niptus ventriculusAegialia spinosaAphodius parapyriformisChilometopon pallidiumEdrotes ventricosusEusattus muricatusLariversius tibalisTrogloderus costatus
ORTHOPTERA
Ammobaenetes lariversiStenopelmatus sp.
Source: (Rust 1998)
B-19
BUTTERFLY SPECIESOF
STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR
Systematic List
FAMILY
SUBFAMILY
Common name Genus species
PAPILIONODAE
PAPILIONINAE: SWALLOWTAILS
Western Tiger Swallowtail Papilio rutulus
PIERIDAE
PIERINAE: WHITES
Becker’s White Pontia beckeriiCheckered White Pontia protodiceWestern White Pontia occidentalisCabbage White Pieris rapaeLarge Marble Euchloe ausonidesSara Orangetip Anthocharis sara
COLIADINAE: SULPHURS
Clouded Sulphur Colias philodiceOrange Sulphur Colias eurytheme
LYCAENIDAE
LYCAENINAE: COPPERS
Purplish Copper Lycaena helloides
THECLINAE: HAIRSTREAKS
Gray Hairstreak Strymon melinus
POLYOMMATINAE: BLUES
Western Pygmy-Blue Brephidium exile
B-20
NYMPHALINAE: TRUE BRUSH-FOOTS
Mylitta Crescent Phyciodes mylittaMourning Cloak Nymphalis antiopaPainted Lady Vanessa carduiWest Coast Lady Vanessa annabellaRed Admiral Vanessa atalanta
LIMENITIDINAE: ADMIRALS AND RELATIVES
Lorquin’s Admiral Limenitis lorquini
DANAINAE: MONARCHS
Monarch Danaus plexippus
HESPERIIDAE
PYRGINAE: SPREAD-WING SKIPPERS
Common Checkered-Skipper Pyrgus communis Mohave Sootywing Hesperopsis libyaSaltbush Sootywing Hesperopsis alpheus
HESPERIINAE: GRASS SKIPPERS
Sandhill Skipper Polites sabuletiAlkali Skipper Pseudocopaeodes enus
B-21
WETLAND INVERTEBRATE TAXAOF
STILLWATER NWR, STILLWATER WMA, AND FALLON NWR
Systematic List
CLASS
ORDER
Common Name Family
INSECTA
COLLEMBOLA
Springtail not determined
COLEOPTERA
Predaceous diving beetle DytiscidaeWater scavenger beetle Hydrophilidae
DIPTERA
Midge ChironomidaeMosquito CulicidaeAlkali flies Ephydriae
EPHEMEROPTERA
Mayfly not determined
HEMIPTERA
Water boatman CorixidaeWater strider GerridaeBack swimmer Notonectidae
ODONATA
Dragonfly AeschnidaeDragonfly Libelullidae
B-22
GASTROPODA
Limnophila
Pond snail LymnaidaePouch snail PhysidaeOrb snail Planorbidae
CRUSTACEA
Amphipoda
Scud (or side swimmer) not determined
Anostraca
Fairy shrimp Artemiidae
Cladocera
Water fleas not determined
Copepoda
Copepods not determined
Ostracoda
Seed shrimp not determined
ARACHNOIDEA
Hydracarina
Water mite not determined
B-23
WETLAND PLANT SPECIESOF
LAHONTAN VALLEY
List of all plant species by origin (* - non-native), family, common name, and wetlandindicator status for the Lahontan Valley wetland inventory. Nomenclature followsHickman (1993).
Genus and species Family Common Name Wetland Status1
Trees
* Elaeagnus angustifolius Elaeagnaceae Russian olive FAC Populus fremontii Salicaceae Fremont cottonwood FACW Salix exigua Salicaceae Sandbar willow OBL Salix laevigata Salicaceae Red willow NI* Tamarix ramosissima Tamaricaceae Saltcedar FACW* Ulmus pumila Ulmaceae Siberian elm NI
Shrubs
Allenrolfea occidentalis Chenopodiaceae Iodine bush FACW Artemisia spinescens Asteraceae Bud-sage NI Artemisia tridentata Asteraceae Big sagebrush NI var. tridentata Atriplex canescens Chenopodiaceae Fourwing saltbush NI Atriplex confertifolia Chenopodiaceae Shadscale NI Atriplex lentiformis Chenopodiaceae Torrey's saltbush FAC- ssp. torreyi Chrysothamnus nauseosus Asteraceae NI ssp. consimilis Chrysothamnus nauseosus Asteraceae Rubber rabbitbrush NI var. oreophalus Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Asteraceae Stickyleaf rabbitbrush NI Grayia spinosa Chenopodiaceae Hop-sage NI Lycium shockleyi Solanaceae Wolfberry NI Psorothamnus polydenius Fabaceae Dotted dalea NI Rosa woodsii Rosaceae Woods rose FAC- var. ultramontana Sarcobatus vermiculatus Chenopodiaceae Greasewood FACU Suaeda moquinii Chenopodiaceae Torrey's seepweed FAC+ Tetradymia glabrata Asteraceae Smooth horsebrush NI Tetradymia spinosa Asteraceae Spiney horsebrush NI Tetradymia tetrameres Asteraceae Dune-horsebrush NI
Grasses
Achnatherum hymenoides Poaceae Indian ricegrass NI Acroptilon repens Poaceae NI Agropyron elongatum Poaceae Tall wheatgrass NI Agrostis stolonifera Poaceae Creeping bentgrass FACW Beckmania sizigachne Poaceae American sloughgrass OBL* Bromus tectorum Poaceae Cheatgrass NI* Bromus willenowii Poaceae Rescue grass NI* Crypsis schoenoides Poaceae Swamp timothy FACW Distichlis spicata Poaceae Inland saltgrass FAC+
B-24
Genus and species Family Common Name Wetland Status
Grasses (cont.)
* Echinochloa crusgalli Poaceae Barnyard grass FACW Elymus Cinereus Poaceae Great Basin wildrye NI Elymus triticoides Poaceae Creeping wildrye FAC+ Eragrostis orcuttiana Poaceae Orcutt lovegrass NI* Eremopyrum triticeum Poaceae Annual wheatgrass NI* Festuca pratensis Poaceae Meadow fescue FACU Hordeum brachyantherum Poaceae Meadow barley FACW- Hordeum jubatum Poaceae Foxtail barley FAC Leptochloa fascicularis Poaceae Bearded sprangletop OBL Muhlenbergia asperifolia Poaceae Alkali muhly FACW+ Paspalum distichum Poaceae Knot grass OBL* Poa pratensis Poaceae Kentucky bluegrass FACU* Polypogon monspeliensis Poaceae Rabbitfoot grass FACW+* Puccinellia distans Poaceae European alkali grass OBL Puccinellia nuttalliana Poaceae Nuttall's alkali grass OBL* Setaria viridis Poaceae Green bristlegrass NI Sporobolus pulvinatus Poaceae Six-weeks dropseed NI
Low Graminaceous
Carex anthrostachya Cyperaceae Slender-beak sedge FAC Carex lanuginosa Cyperaceae Wooly sedge OBL Carex vulpinoidea Cyperaceae Foxtail sedge OBL Eleocharis palustris Cyperaceae Creeping spikerush OBL Eleocharis parishii Cyperaceae Parish's spikerush OBL Juncus articulatus Juncaceae Jointed rush OBL Juncus balticus Juncaceae Baltic rush FACW Juncus torreyi Juncaceae Torrey's rush FACW+ Triglochin concinna Juncaginaceae Seaside arrow grass OBL Triglochin maritima Juncaginaceae Utah arrow grass OBL
Emergents
Equisetum arvense Equisetaceae Common horsetail FAC+ Equisetum laevigatum Equisetaceae Smooth scouring rush FACW Phragmites australis Poaceae Common reed FACW+ Scirpus acutus Cyperaceae Hardstem bulrush OBL ssp. occidentalis Scirpus americanus Cyperaceae Olney threesquare OBL Scirpus maritimus Cyperaceae Alkali bulrush OBL Scirpus nevadensis Cyperaceae Nevada bulrush OBL Scirpus pungens Cyperaceae Common threesquare OBL Typha domingensis Typhaceae Southern cattail OBL Typha latifolia Typhaceae Broad-leaf cattail OBL
B-25
Genus and species Family Common Name Wetland Status
Forbs
Alisma gramineum Alismataceae Narrow leaf water plaintain OBL Ambrosia acanthicarpa Asteraceae NI Artemisia douglasiana Asteraceae Douglas' wormweed FAC Artemisia dracunculus Asteraceae Tarragon NI Artemisia ludoviciana Asteraceae Silver wormwood FACU Asclepias fascicularis Asclepiadaceae Narrow-leaf milkweed FAC- Asclepias speciosa Asclepiadaceae Showy milkweed FACW Asparagus acanthicarpa Liliaceae Garden asparagus-fern FACU ssp. officianalis Aster frondosus Asteraceae Leafy aster OBL Aster lanceolatus Asteraceae Western lined aster OBL ssp. hesperius Astragalus spp. Fabaceae Milkvetch NI Atriplex argentea Chenopodiaceae Silverscale saltbush FAC* Atriplex heterosperma Chenopodiaceae Two scale orache NI Atriplex patula Chenopodiaceae Spear saltbush FACW Atriplex phyllostegia Chenopodiaceae Arrow saltbush FACW Atriplex subspicata Chenopodiaceae NI Atriplex truncata Chenopodiaceae Wedgescale FAC* Bassia hyssopifolia Chenopodiaceae Five-horn smother weed FACW Berula erecta Apiaceae Cutleaf water parsnip OBL Bidens frondosa Asteraceae Devil's beggar-ticks FACW Camissonia claviformis Onagraceae Clavate fruit primrose NI ssp. integrior* Cardaria pubescens Brassicaceae Whitetop NI Castilleja exilis Scrophulariaceae Small flower indian OBL paintbrush Castilleja minor Scrophulariaceae FAC ssp. minor* Centaurea repens Asteraceae Russian knapweed NI Centaurium exaltatum Gentianaceae Great basin centaury FACW Chamaesyce ocellata Euphorbiaceae Valley spurge FACW ssp. areicola* Chenopodium album Chenopodiaceae Lamb's quarters FACU* Chenopodium foliosum Chenopodiaceae Leafy goosefoot NI* Chenopodium glaucum Chenopodiaceae Oakleaf goosefoot FACW ssp. salinum* Chenopodium rubrum Chenopodiaceae Red goosefoot OBL var. rubrum Chenopodium strictum Chenopodiaceae NI var. glaucophyllum* Cichorium intybus Asteraceae Common chickory NI Circium mohavensis Asteraceae Mojave thistle FACU* Cirsium vulgare Asteraceae Bull-thistle FAC Cleome sparsifolium Capparaceae Few leaf cleome NI* Convolvulus arvensis Convulvulaceae Field bindweed NI Conyza canadensis Asteraceae Horseweed FAC Cressa truxillensis Convulvulaceae Alkali weed FACW Cryptantha circumcissa Boraginaceae Cushion cryptantha NI Descurania pinnata Brassicaceae Tansy mustard NI Epilobium ciliatum Onagraceae Hairy willow herb FAC
ssp. ciliatum
B-26
Genus and species Family Common Name Wetland Status
Forbs (cont.)
Eriastrum sparsiflorum Polemoniaceae Great basin eriastrum NI Eriogonum deflexum Polygonaceae Flat-topped buchwheat NI Eriogonum maculatum Polygonaceae Spotted buckwheat NI* Erodium cicutarium Geraniaceae Redstem filaree NI Euthamia occidentalis Asteraceae Westrn fragrant goldenrod OBL Galium trifidum Rubiaceae Small bedstraw OBL var. pacificum* Gnapthalium luteo-album Asteraceae Weedy cudweed FACW Grindelia squarrosa Asteraceae Curly-cup gumweed FACU* Halogeton glomeratus Chenopodiaceae Halogeton NI Helianthus annuus Asteraceae Common sunflower FACU Heliotropium curassavicum Boraginaceae Seaside heliotrope OBL Iva axillaris Asteraceae Poverty weed FACW ssp. robustior* Kochia scoparia Chenopodiaceae Mexican summer-cress FAC* Lactuca serriola Asteraceae Prickly lettuce FACU* Lepidium latifolium Brassicaceae Broad-leaf peppergrass FAC* Lepidium perfoliatum Brassicaceae Clasping peppergrass FACU Lesquerella tennella Brassicaceae Bladderpod NI* Lotus tenuis Fabaceae Slender birds-foot trefoil NI Lupinus sp. Fabaceae Sand lupine NI Lycopus asper Lamiaceae Western water-horehound OBL* Malva neglecta Malvaceae Common mallow NI Malvella leprosa Malvaceae Alkali mallow FAC Malvella sp. Malvaceae NI* Melilotus alba Fabaceae Sweet clover FACU Mentha arvensis Lamiaceae Field mint FACW Mimulus guttatus Scrophulariaceae Yellow monkey-flower OBL Mirabilis alipes Nyctaginaceae Four-o'clock NI* Nicotiana acuminata Solanaceae Many flower tobacco NI var. multiflora Oenothera elata Onagraceae Hooker,s evening primrose FACW ssp. hookeri Opuntia pulchella Cactaceae Sand cholla NI Plantago erecta Plantaginaceae* Plantago lanceolata Plantaginaceae English plaintain FACU* Plantago major Plantaginaceae Common plaintain FAC* Polygonum arenastrum Polygonaceae Common knotweed NI* Polygonum argyrocoleon Polygonaceae Silver-sheath knotweed FAC Polygonum aviculare Polygonaceae Prastrate knotweed FACW Polygonum lapathifolium Polygonaceae Willow-weed OBL* Polygonum persicaria Polygonaceae Lady's thumb FACW* Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae Common purslane FAC Potentilla glandulosa Rosaceae Sticky cinquefoil FACU Ranunculus aquatilus Ranunculuaceae White water buttercup OBL Ranunculus cymbalaria Ranunculaceae Desert buttercup OBL var. saximontanus Rorippa curvisiliqua Brassicaceae Curve-pod yellow cress OBL* Rumex crispus Polygonaceae Curly dock FACW Rumex maritimus Polygonaceae Golden dock FACW Rumex salsifolius Polygonaceae Triangular valve dock FACW var. triangulivalvis Sagittaria cuneata Alismataceae Narrow leaf water plaintain OBL
B-27
1. Wetland indicator status is taken from Reed (1988).
Genus and species Family Common Name Wetland Status
Forbs (cont.)
* Salicornia europaea Chenopodiaceae Slender glasswort OBL* Salsola tragus Chenopodiaceae Russian thistle FACU Sesuvium verrucosum Aizoaceae Western sea-purslane FACW+* Solanum dulcamara Solanaceae Climbing nightshade FAC Solidago spectabilis Asteraceae Basin goldenrod FACW* Sonchus asper Asteraceae Prickly sow-thistle FACU* Spergularia marina Caryophyllaceae Saltmarsh sandspurry OBL Sphaeralcea ambigua Malvaceae Desert mallow NI Sphaerophysa ambigua Fabaceae NI* Sphaerophysa salsula Fabaceae Alkali swainsonpea FAC Stephanomeria exigua Asteraceae Skeleton-weed NI ssp. exigua Suaeda calceoliformis Chenopodiaceae Pursh seablite FACW* Taraxacum officinale Asteraceae Common dandelion FACU+* Tragopogon dubius Asteraceae Goatsbeard NI* Trifolium fragiferum Fabaceae Strawberry clover FACW- Trifolium variegatum Fabaceae White-tip clover FACW- Urtica dioca Urticaceae Stinging nettle FAC* Veronica anagallis-aquatica Scrophulariaceae Water sppedwell OBL Veronica peregrina Scrophulariaceae Purslane speedwell FACW+ Xanthium strumarium Asteraceae Common cocklebur FAC
Aquatics
Azolla mexicana Salviniaceae Mosquito-Fern OBL Bacopa eisenii Scrophulariaceae Water hyssop OBL Callitriche hermaphroditica Callitrichaceae Autumnal water starwort OBL Ceratophyllum sp. Ceratophylaceae Coontail OBL Lemna minor Lemnacea Duckweed OBL Marsilea vestita Marsiliaceae Water-Clover OBL ssp. vestita Najas guadalupensis Najadaceae Water nymph OBL Potamogeton crispus Potamogetaceae Curly pondweed OBL Potamogeton filiformis Potamogetaceae Nevada pondweed OBL var. latifolius Potamogeton nodosus Potamogetaceae Long-leaved pondweed OBL Potamogeton pectinatus Potamogetaceae Sago pondweed OBL Ricciocarpus natans Ruppia maritima Ruppiaceae Widgeon grass OBL Zannichellia palustsris Zannichelliaceae Horned pondweed OBL
Agricultural Species
* Medicago sativa Fabaceae Alfalfa NI* Zea mays Poaceae Corn NI