APPENDIX A EQUIVALENT UNITS Length 12 in: ft 6080:2 ft naut:mi 5280 ft mi 0:3937 in: cm 30:48 cm ft 10 4 mm cm 3 ft yd 1:152 mi naut:mi 10 10 A m 2:54 cm in: 3:28 ft m 1:609 km mi Area 144 in: 2 ft 2 43; 560 ft 2 acre 640 acres mi 2 10:76 ft 2 m 2 929 cm 2 ft 2 6:452 cm 2 in. 2 Volume 1728 in: 3 cu ft 7:481 gal cu ft 43; 560 cu ft acre-ft 3:7854 L gal 28:317 L cu ft 35:31 cu ft m 3 231 in. 3 gal 8 pt gal 10 3 L m 3 61:025 in. 3 L 10 3 cm 3 L 28; 317 cm 3 cu ft Density 1728 lb/cu ft lb/in. 3 32:174 lb/cu ft slug/cu ft 0:51538 g/cm 3 slug/cu ft 16:018 kg/m 3 lb/cu ft 1000 kg/m 3 g/cm 3 Angular 2� ¼ 6:2832 rad rev 57:3 deg rad 1 2� rpm rad/min 9:549 rpm rad/sec
38
Embed
APPENDIX A - ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.orgebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/data/books/... · Time 60 s min 3600 s hr 60 min hr 24 hr day Speed 88 fpm mph 0:6818 mph fps
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
APPENDIX A
EQUIVALENT UNITS
Length
12in:
ft6080:2
ft
naut:mi5280
ft
mi0:3937
in:
cm30:48
cm
ft104
mmcm
3ft
yd1:152
mi
naut:mi1010
A
m2:54
cm
in:3:28
ft
m1:609
km
mi
Area
144in:2
ft243; 560
ft2
acre640
acres
mi210:76
ft2
m2929
cm2
ft26:452
cm2
in.2
Volume
1728in:3
cu ft7:481
gal
cu ft43; 560
cu ft
acre-ft3:7854
L
gal28:317
L
cu ft35:31
cu ft
m3
231in.3
gal8
pt
gal103
L
m361:025
in.3
L103
cm3
L28; 317
cm3
cu ft
Density
1728lb/cu ft
lb/in.332:174
lb/cu ft
slug/cu ft0:51538
g/cm3
slug/cu ft16:018
kg/m3
lb/cu ft1000
kg/m3
g/cm3
Angular
2� ¼ 6:2832rad
rev57:3
deg
rad
1
2�
rpm
rad/min9:549
rpm
rad/sec
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Time
60s
min3600
s
hr60
min
hr24
hr
day
Speed
88fpm
mph0:6818
mph
fps0:5144
m/s
knot0:3048
m/s
fps0:44704
m/s
mph
1:467fps
mph1:152
mph
knot1:689
fps
knot152:4
cm/min
ips
Force, Mass
16oz
lbm32:174
lbmslug
444; 820dynes
lbf2:205
lbmkg
9080665N
kgf
1000lbfkip
32:174poundals
lbf980:665
dynes
gf14:594
kg
slug4:4482
N
lbf
2000lbmton
7000grains
lbm453:6
g
lbm105
dynes
N1kilopound
kg
14:594kg
slug28:35
g
oz453:6
gmole
pmole907:18
kg
ton1000
kg
metric ton
Pressure
14:696psi
atm101; 325
N/m2
atm13:6
kg
mm Hg ð0�CÞ 51:715mm Hg ð0�CÞ
psi47:88
N/m2
psf
29:921in. Hg ð0�CÞ
atm105
N/m2
bar13:57
in: H2O ð60�FÞin: Hg ð60�FÞ 703:07
kg/m2
psi6894:8
N/m2
psi
33:934ft H2O ð60�FÞ
atm14:504
psi
bar0:0361
psi
in. H2O ð60�FÞ 0:0731kg/cm2
psi760
torr
atm
1:01325bar
atm106
dynes/cm2
bar0:4898
psi
in. Hg ð60�FÞ9:869
107atm
dyne/cm2133:3
N/m2
torr
o COGENERATION AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS
33:934ft H2O ð60�CÞ
atm760
mm Hg ð0�CÞatm
406:79in. H2O ð39:2�FÞ
atm
0:1dyne/cm2
N/m21:0332
kg/cm2
atm
Energy and Power
778:16ft-lb
Btu2544:4
Btu
hp-hr5050
hp-hr
ft-lb1
J
W-s
J
N-m0:01
bar-dm3
J
550ft-lb
hp-s42:4
Btu
hp-min1:8
Btu/lb
cal/gm1kW-s
kJ
16:021
1012J
MeV
33; 000ft-lb
hp-min3412:2
Btu
kW-hr1800
Btu/pmole
kcal/gmole1V-amp
W-s
1:6021
1012erg
eV
737:562ft-lb
kW-s56:87
Btu
kW-min2:7194
Btu
atm-cu ft107
ergs
J
11:817
1012ft-lb
MeV
1:3558J
ft-lb251:98
cal
Btu4:1868
kJ
kcal3600
kJ
kW-hr0:746
kW
hp
1:055kJ
Btu101:92
kg-m
kJ0:4300
Btu/pmole
J/gmole860
cal
W-hr1:8
Btu
chu
37:29kJ/m3
Btu/ft30:948
Btu
kW-sec2:33
kJ/kg
Btu/lbm
Entropy, Specific Heat, Gas Constant
1Btu/pmole-R
cal/gmole-K1
Btu/lb-R
gal/cm-K1
Btu/lb-R
kcal/kg-K0:2389
Btu/pmole-R
J/gmole
4:187kJ/kg-K
Btu/lb-R
Universal Gas Constant
1545:32ft-lb
pmole-R8:3143
kJ
kmole-K0:7302
atm-ft3
pmole-R82:057
atm-cm3
gmole-K
Appendix A o 533726
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Time
60s
min3600
s
hr60
min
hr24
hr
day
Speed
88fpm
mph0:6818
mph
fps0:5144
m/s
knot0:3048
m/s
fps0:44704
m/s
mph
1:467fps
mph1:152
mph
knot1:689
fps
knot152:4
cm/min
ips
Force, Mass
16oz
lbm32:174
lbmslug
444; 820dynes
lbf2:205
lbmkg
9080665N
kgf
1000lbfkip
32:174poundals
lbf980:665
dynes
gf14:594
kg
slug4:4482
N
lbf
2000lbmton
7000grains
lbm453:6
g
lbm105
dynes
N1kilopound
kg
14:594kg
slug28:35
g
oz453:6
gmole
pmole907:18
kg
ton1000
kg
metric ton
Pressure
14:696psi
atm101; 325
N/m2
atm13:6
kg
mm Hg ð0�CÞ 51:715mm Hg ð0�CÞ
psi47:88
N/m2
psf
29:921in. Hg ð0�CÞ
atm105
N/m2
bar13:57
in: H2O ð60�FÞin: Hg ð60�FÞ 703:07
kg/m2
psi6894:8
N/m2
psi
33:934ft H2O ð60�FÞ
atm14:504
psi
bar0:0361
psi
in. H2O ð60�FÞ 0:0731kg/cm2
psi760
torr
atm
1:01325bar
atm106
dynes/cm2
bar0:4898
psi
in. Hg ð60�FÞ9:869
107atm
dyne/cm2133:3
N/m2
torr
532 o COGENERATION AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS
33:934ft H2O ð60�CÞ
atm760
mm Hg ð0�CÞatm
406:79in. H2O ð39:2�FÞ
atm
0:1dyne/cm2
N/m21:0332
kg/cm2
atm
Energy and Power
778:16ft-lb
Btu2544:4
Btu
hp-hr5050
hp-hr
ft-lb1
J
W-s
J
N-m0:01
bar-dm3
J
550ft-lb
hp-s42:4
Btu
hp-min1:8
Btu/lb
cal/gm1kW-s
kJ
16:021
1012J
MeV
33; 000ft-lb
hp-min3412:2
Btu
kW-hr1800
Btu/pmole
kcal/gmole1V-amp
W-s
1:6021
1012erg
eV
737:562ft-lb
kW-s56:87
Btu
kW-min2:7194
Btu
atm-cu ft107
ergs
J
11:817
1012ft-lb
MeV
1:3558J
ft-lb251:98
cal
Btu4:1868
kJ
kcal3600
kJ
kW-hr0:746
kW
hp
1:055kJ
Btu101:92
kg-m
kJ0:4300
Btu/pmole
J/gmole860
cal
W-hr1:8
Btu
chu
37:29kJ/m3
Btu/ft30:948
Btu
kW-sec2:33
kJ/kg
Btu/lbm
Entropy, Specific Heat, Gas Constant
1Btu/pmole-R
cal/gmole-K1
Btu/lb-R
gal/cm-K1
Btu/lb-R
kcal/kg-K0:2389
Btu/pmole-R
J/gmole
4:187kJ/kg-K
Btu/lb-R
Universal Gas Constant
1545:32ft-lb
pmole-R8:3143
kJ
kmole-K0:7302
atm-ft3
pmole-R82:057
atm-cm3
gmole-K
Appendix A o 727
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
1:9859Btu
pmole-R1:9859
cal
gmole-K10:731
psi-ft3
pmole-R83:143
bar-cm3
gmole-K
8:3143J
gmole-K8:3149� 107
erg
gmole-K0:08206
atm-m3
kgmole-K
0:083143bar-l
gmole-K
Newton’s Proportionality Constant k (as a conversion unit)
32:174 fps2lb
slug
� �386:1 ips2
lb
p sin
� �9:80665
m
s2N
kg
� �980:655
cm
s2dynes
g
� �
Miscellaneous Constants
Speed of light Avogadro Constant Planck Constant
c ¼ 2:9979 � 108m
sNA ¼ 6:02252 � 1023
molecules
gmoleh ¼ 6:6256� 10�34 J-s
Boltzmann Constant Gravitational Constant Normal mole volume
k ¼ 1:38054 � 10�23 J
KG ¼ 6:670 � 10�11 N-m2
kg22:24136 � 10�2 m3
gmole
o COGENERATION AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS728
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 1 — AN OVERVIEW OF POWER GENERATION
[1] Alderfer, R., Eldridge, M., Starrs, T., 2000, ‘‘Making Connections: Case Studies of Interconnection Barriers and their Impact on Distributed Power Projects,’’ NREL/SR-200-28053.
[2] Boyce, M. P., July 1995, Chapter 1, ‘‘An Overview of Gas Turbines,’’ Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook, 7th Edition, Gulf Publishing Company.
[3] Clean Air Act, 1990, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
[4] ‘‘Cogeneration System Package for Micro-Turbines,’’ 2000 Sales Literature-Ingersoll-Rand Corporation, Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
[5] ‘‘Distributed Generation: Understanding The Economics,’’ May/June 2000 Distributed Power.
[6] ‘‘Kyoto Protocol of 1997,’’ 1997, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, N.Y., N.Y., United Nations.
[7] Leo., A. J., Ghezel-Ayagh, H., Sanderson, R., ‘‘Ultra High Efficiency Hybrid Direct Fuel Cell/Turbine Power Plant,’’ ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-0552, ASME.
[8] ‘‘Simple Cycle Micro Turbine Power Generation System,’’ 2000, Sales Literature-Capstone Micro Turbine, Chatsworth, CA.
[1] Boyce, M. P., November/December 2000, Advanced Cycles for Combined Cycle Power Plants, Russia Gas Turbo-Technology Publication.
[2] Boyce, M. P., September/October 2000, Turbo-Machinery for the Next Millennium, Russia Gas Turbo-Technology Publication.
[3] Boyce, M. P., Meher-Homji, C. B, Lakshminarasimha, A. N., ‘‘Gas Turbine and Combined Cycle Technologies for Power and Efficiency enhancement in Power Plants,’’ ASME Paper No. 94-GT-435, ASME.
[4] Boyce, M. P., July 1995, Chapter 2, ‘‘Theoretical and Actual Cycle Analysis,’’ Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook, 7th Edition, Gulf Publishing Company.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
732 • COGENERATION AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS
[5] Chodkiewicz, R., Porochnicki, J., Potapczyk, A., 1998, ‘‘Electric Power And Nitric Acid Coproduction — A New Concept In Reducing The Energy Costs.’’ Powergen Europe’98, Milan, Italy, Vol. iii, pp. 611-625.
[6] Chodkiewicz, R., ‘‘A Recuperated Gas Turbine Incorporating External Heat Sources in the Combined Gas-Steam Cycle,’’ ASME Paper No. 2000-GT- 0593, ASME.
[7] Holden, P., Moen, D., DeCorso, M., ‘‘Alabama Electric Cooperative Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Plant Improvements,’’ ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-0595, ASME.
[8] Kehlhofer, R. H., et. al., 1999, Combined Cycle Gas & Steam Turbine Power Plants, 2nd Edition, PennWell, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
[9] Lane, A. W., Hoffman, P. A., 1998, ‘‘The U.S. Dep. of Energy Advanced Turbine System. Program,’’ ISROMAC-7, Hawaii, D. O. E.
[10] Miller, H. F., 1989, Blade Erosion — FCCU Power Recovery Expanders, D-R Turbo Products Division, Olean, N.Y.
[11] Nakhamkin, M., ‘‘Increasing Gas Turbine or Combined Cycle Power Production With Compressed Air to Meet Peak Power Demands,’’ ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-0596, ASME.
[4] API, May 1997, Fired Heaters & Steam Generators, 1st Edition, RP 556, API.[5] API, June 1997, General Purpose Steam Turbines for Petroleum, Chemical,
and Gas Industry Services, 4th Edition, API Std 611, API.[6] API, June 1995, Special Purpose Gear Units for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas
Industry Services, 4th Edition, API Std 613, API.[7] API, April 1999, Lubrication, Shaft-Sealing, and Control-Oil Systems and
Auxiliaries for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services, 4th Edition, API Std 614, API.
[8] API, August 1998, Gas Turbines for the Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services, 4th Edition, API Std 616, API.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Bibliography • 733
[9] API, February 1995, Centrifugal Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services, 6th Edition, API Std 617, API.
[10] API, June 1995, Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services, 4th Edition, API Std 618, API.
[11] API, June 1997, Rotary-Type Positive Displacement Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services, 3rd Edition, API Std 619, API.
[12] API, October 1998, Special Purpose Couplings for Petroleum Chemical and Gas Industry Services, 3rd Edition, API Std 671, API.
[13] API, September 1996, Packaged, Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compres-sors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services, 3rd Edition, API Std 672, API.
[14] API, July 1997 (Reaffirmed March 2000), General-Purpose Gear Units for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services, 2nd Edition, API Std 677, API.
[15] API, February 1996, Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors, 1st Edition, API Std 681, API.
[16] ASME, 1977 (Reaffirmed 1997), Basic Gas Turbines, B133.2, ASME. [17] ASME, 1978 (Reaffirmed 1997), Gas Turbine Control And Protection Systems,
B133.8, ASME. [20] ASME, 1994, Measurement Of Exhaust Emissions From Stationary Gas
Turbine Engines, B133.9, ASME. [21] ASME, 1981 (Reaffirmed 1994), Procurement Standard For Gas Turbine
Auxiliary Equipment, B133.3, ASME. [22] ASME, 1978 (Reaffirmed 1997), Procurement Standard For Gas Turbine
Electrical Equipment, B133.5, ASME. [23] ASME, 1997, Performance Test Code on Atmospheric Water Cooling
Equipment, ASME PTC 23, ASME. [24] ASME, 1981 (Reaffirmed 1992), Performance Test Code on Gas Turbine Heat
Recovery Steam Generators, ASME PTC 4.4, ASME. [25] ASME, 1997, Performance Test Code on Gas Turbines, ASME PTC 22, ASME. [26] ASME, 1996, Performance Test Code on Overall Plant Performance, ASME
PTC 46, ASME. [27] ASME, 1983, Performance Test Code on Steam Condensing Apparatus, ASME
PTC 12.2, ASME.[28] ASME, 1996, Performance Test Code on Steam Turbines, ASME PTC 6,
ASME. [29] ASME, 1988, Performance Test Code on Test Uncertainty: Instruments and
Apparatus, ASME PTC 19.1, ASME.[30] ISO 10436:1993 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries — General Purpose
Steam Turbine for Refinery Service, 1st Edition, ISO.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
734 • COGENERATION AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS
[31] ISO, 1983, Natural Gas — Calculation of Calorific Value, Density and Relative Density, ISO 6976-(E), International Organization for Standardization.
[32] Table of Physical Constants of Paraffin Hydrocarbons and other components of Natural Gas — Gas Producers Association Standard 2145-94.
CHAPTER 4 — AN OVERVIEW OF GAS TURBINES
[1] Abidat, C., Baines, N. C., Firth, M. R., 1992, ‘‘Design of a highly loaded mixed flow turbine,’’ Proc. Inst. Mechanical Engineers, Journal Power 8 Energy, 206:95-107.
[2] Anderson, R. J., Ritter, W. K., Dildine, D. M., 1947, ‘‘An Investigation of the Effect of Blade Curvature on Centrifugal Impeller Performance,’’ NACA TN-1313.
[3] Arcoumanis, C., Martinez-Botas, R. F., Nouri, J. M., Su, C. C., 1997. ‘‘Performance and exit flow characteristics of mixed flow turbines,’’ International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 3(4):277-293.
[4] Baines, N. A., Hajilouy-Benisi, A., Yeo, J. H., 1994, ‘‘The pulse flow performance and modeling of radial inflow turbines.’’ IMechE, Paper No. a405/017.
[5] Balje, O. E., Binsley, R. L., 1960, ‘‘Axial Turbine Performance Evalua-tion,’’ Journal of Engineering for Power, ASME Transactions, 90A:217-232, ASME.
[6] Balje, O. E., 1964, ‘‘A Study of Reynolds Number Effects in Turbomachin-ery,’’ Journal of Engineering for Power, ASME Transactions, 86(A):227, ASME.
[7] Balje, O. E., 1968, ‘‘Axial Cascade Technology and Application to Flow Path Designs,’’ Journal of Engineering for Power, ASME Transactions, 90A:309-340, ASME.
[8] Balje, O.E., 1952, ‘‘A Contribution to the Problem of Designing Radial Turbomachines,’’ Transactions of the ASME, 74:451, ASME.
[9] Ballal, D. R., Lefebvre, A. H., ‘‘A Proposed Method for Calculating Film Cooled Wall Temperatures in Gas Turbine Combustor Chambers,’’ ASME Paper No. 72-WA/HT-24, ASME.
[10] Bammert, K., Rautenberg, M., ‘‘On the Energy Transfer in Centrifugal Compressors,’’ ASME Paper No. 74-GT-121, ASME.
[11] Barker, T., Jan/Feb 1995, ‘‘Siemens’ New Generation,’’ Turbomachinery International.
[12] Behning, F. P., Schum, H. J., Szanca, E. M., 1971, ‘‘Cold-Air Investigation of a Turbine with Transpiration-Cooled Stator Blades, IV-Stage Performance with Wire-Mesh Shell Blading,’’ NASA, TM X-2176, NASA.
[13] Benign, F. O. P., Rust, H. O. W., Jr., Moffitt, T. P., 1971, ‘‘Cold-Air Investigation of a Turbine with Transpiration-Cooled Stator Blades, III —
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Bibliography • 735
Performance of Stator with Wire-Mesh Shell Blading,’’ NASA, TM X- 2166, NASA.
[14] Benisek, E., 1998, ‘‘Experimental and analytical investigation for the flow field of a turbocharger turbine,’’ IMechE, Paper No. 0554/027/98.
[15] Benson, R. S., 1970, ‘‘A Review of Methods for Assessing Loss Coefficients in Radial Gas Turbines,’’ International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 12:905-932.
[16] Bernstien, H.L., 1998, ‘‘Materials Issues for users of Gas Turbines,’’ Proceedings of the 27th Texas A&M Turbomachinery Symposium.
[17] Boyce, M .P., Oct. 1972, ‘‘New Developments in Compressor Aerody-namics,’’ Proceedings of the 1st Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A&M.
[18] Boyce, M. P., Oct. 1988, ‘‘Rerating of Centrifugal Compressors — Part I.’’ Diesel and Gas Turbine Worldwide. 46-50.
[19] Boyce, M. P., Jan.-Feb. 1989, ‘‘Rerating of Centrifugal Compressors — Part II.’’ Diesel and Gas Turbine Worldwide. pp. 8-20.
[20] Boyce, M. P., October/November 1999, ‘‘Cutting Edge Turbine Technology, ’’ Middle East Electricity.
[21] Boyce, M. P., Bale, V. S., ‘‘A New Method for the Calculations of Blade Loadings in Radial-Flow Compressors,’’ ASME Paper No. 71-GT-60, ASME.
[22] Boyce, M. P., Bale, Y. S., Sept. 1972, ‘‘Diffusion Loss in a Mixed-Flow Compressor,’’ Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, Paper No. 729061.
[23] Boyce, M. P., Desai, A. R., Aug. 1973, ‘‘Clearance Loss in a Centrifugal Impeller,’’ Proc. of the 8th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Paper No. 7391 26, p. 638.
[24] Boyce, M. P., Nishida, A., May 1977, ‘‘Investigation of Flow in Centrifugal Impeller with Tandem Inducer,’’ ASME Paper, Tokyo, Japan, ASME.
[25] Boyce, M. P., Sept. 1993, ‘‘Principles of Operation and Performance Estimation of Centrifugal Compressors,’’ Proceedings of the 22nd Turbo-machinery Symposium, 14-16 161-78, Dallas, TX.
[26] Boyce, M. P., ‘‘A Practical Three-Dimensional Flow Visualization Approach to the Complex Flow Characteristics in a Centrifugal Impeller,’’ ASME Paper No. 66-GT-83, ASME.
[27] Boyce, M. P., ‘‘Secondary flows in Axial-Flow Compressors with Treated Blades,’’ AGARD-CCP-214 pp. 5–1 to 5–13.
[28] Boyce, M. P., ‘‘Transonic Axial-Flow Compressor,’’ ASME Paper No. 67-GT-47, ASME.
[29] Boyce, M. P., June 1978, ‘‘How to Achieve On-Line Availability of Centrifugal Compressors,’’ Chemical Weekly, pp. 115-127.
[30] Boyce, M. P., Schiller, R. N., Desai, A. R., ‘‘Study of Casing Treatment Effects in Axial-flow Compressors,’’ ASME Paper No. 74-GT-89, ASME.
[31] Brown, L.E., 1972, ‘‘Axial Flow Compressor and Turbine Loss Coefficients: A Comparison of Several Parameters,’’ Journal of Engineering for Power, ASME Transactions, 94A:193-201, ASME.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
736 • COGENERATION AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS
[32] Clarke, J. S., Lardge, H. E., ‘‘The Performance and Reliability of Aero-Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers,’’ ASME Paper No. 58-GTO-13, ASME.
[33] Dalla, B., Ralph, A., Nickolas, S. G., Weakley, C. K., Lundberg, K., Caron, T. J., Chamberlain, J., Greeb, K., ‘‘Field Test of a 1.5 MW Industrial Gas Turbine with a Low Emissions Catalytic combustion System,’’ ASME Paper No. 99-GT-295, ASME.
[34] Dallenback, F., Jan. 1961, ‘‘The Aerodynamic Design and Performance of Centrifugal and Mixed-Flow Compressors,’’ SAE International Congress.
[35] Dawes, W., 1995, ‘‘A Simulation of the Unsteady Interaction of a Centrifugal Impeller with its Vaned Diffuser: Flows Analysis,’’ ASME Journal of Turbomachinery, 117:213-222, ASME.
[36] Deniz, S., Greitzer, E. Cumpsty, N., ‘‘Effects of Inlet Flow Field Conditions on the Performance of Centrifugal Compressor Diffusers Part 2: Straight-Channel Diffuser,’’ ASME Paper No. 98-GT-474, ASME.
[37] Domercq, O., Thomas, R., ‘‘Unsteady Flow Investigation in a Transonic Centrifugal Compressor Stage,’’ AIAA Paper No. 97-2877, AIAA.
[38] Dutta, P., Cowell, L. H., Yee, D. K., Dalla Betta, R. A., ‘‘Design and Evaluation of a Single-Can Full Scale Catalytic combustion System for Ultra-Low Emissions Industrial Gas Turbines,’’ ASME 97-GT-292, ASME.
[39] Editor, August 1994, ‘‘Steam cooled 60 Hz W501G generates 230 MW,’’ Modern Power Systems.
[40] Faires, V. M., Simmang, C. M., 1978, ‘‘Reactive Systems,’’ Thermodynamics, 6th Edition, pp. 345-347, The Macmillan Co., New York.
[41] Farmer, R., May/ June 1995, ‘‘Design 60% net efficiency in Frame 7/9H steam cooled CCGT,’’ Gas Turbine World.
[42] Filipenco, V., Deniz, S., Johnston, J., Greitzer, E., Cumpsty, N., 1998, ‘‘Effects of Inlet Flow Field Conditions on the Performance of Centrifugal Compressor Diffusers Part 1: Discrete Passage Diffuser,’’ ASME Paper No. 98-GT-473, ASME.
[43] Gehring, S., Riess, W., March 1999, ‘‘Through flow Analysis for cooled Turbines,’’ London 3rd Conference on Turbomachinery — Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics.
[44] Giamati, C. C., Finger, H. B., 1965, ‘‘Design Velocity Distribution in Meridional Plane,’’ NASA SP 36, Chapter VIII, p. 255, NASA.
[45] Glassman, A. J., Moffitt, T. P., 1972, ‘‘New Technology in Turbine Aerodynamics,’’ Proceedings of the 1st Turbomachinery Symposium, p. 105 Texas A&M University.
[46] Graham, R. W., Guentert, E. C., 1965, ‘‘Compressor Stall and Blade Vibration,’’ NASA SP 36, Chapter XI, p. 311, NASA.
[47] Grahman, J., Jones, R. E., Mayek, C. J., Niedzwicki, R. W., ‘‘Aircraft Propulsion,’’ Chapter 4, NASA SP-259, NASA.
[48] Greenwood, S. A., September 2000, ‘‘Low Emission Combustion Technology for Stationary Gas Turbine Engines,’’ Proceedings of the 29th Turbomachinery Symposium.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Bibliography • 737
[49] Hatch, J. E., Giamati, C. C., Jackson, R. J., 1954, ‘‘Application of Radial Equilibrium Condition to Axial-flow Turbomachine Design Including Consideration of Change of Entropy with Radius Downstream of Blade Row,’’ NACA RM E54A20.
[50] Hawthorne, W. R., Olsen, W .T., Editors, 1960, Design and Performance of Gas Turbine Plants, Vol. II, pp. 563-590. Princeton University Press.
[51] Herrig, L. J., Emery, J. C., Erwin, J. R., 1955, ‘‘Systematic Two Dimensional Cascade Tests of NACA 65 Series Compressor Blades at Low Speed,’’ NACA R.M. E 55HII.
[52] Hilt, M. B., Johnson, R. H., 1972, ‘‘Nitric Oxide Abatement in Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Combustors by Means of Aerodynamics and Water Injection,’’ ASME Paper, No. 72-GT-22, ASME.
[53] Horlock, J. H., 1973, Axial Flow Compressors, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company.
[54] Horlock, J. H., 1966, Axial Flow Turbines, London, Butterworth and Company Ltd.
[55] Horner, M. W., August 1996, ‘‘GE Aeroderivative Gas Turbines — Design and Operating Features’’ 39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar.
[56] Johnston, R., Dean, R., 1966, ‘‘Losses in Vaneless Diffusers o Centrifugal Compressors and Pumps,’’ ASME Journal of Basic Engineering, 88:49-60, ASME.
[57] Karamanis, N., Martinez-Botas, R.F., Su, C.C., 2000, ‘‘Mixed Flow Turbines: Inlet and Exit flow under steady and pulsating conditions,’’ ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-470, ASME.
[58] Klassen, H. A., Jan. 1975, ‘‘Effect of Inducer Inlet and Diffuser Throat Areas on Performance of a Low-Pressure Ratio Sweptback Centrifugal Compres-sor,’’ NASA TM X-3148, Lewis Research Center, NASA.
[59] Knoernschild, E. M., 1961, ‘‘The Radial Turbine for Low Specific Speeds and Low Velocity Factors,’’ Journal of Engineering for Power, Transactions of the ASME, 83(A):1-8, ASME.
[60] Koller, U., Monig, R., Kosters, B., Schreiber, H-A, ‘‘Development of Advanced Compressor Airfoils for Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines Part I: Design and Optimization’’, ASME Paper No. 99-GT-95, ASME.
[61] Lakshminarayana, B., 1996, Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Turbomachinery, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
[62] Lavoie, R., McMordie, B. G., April 1994, ‘‘Measuring Surface Finish of Compressor Airfoils protected by Environmentally resistant Coatings,’’ 30th Annual Aerospace/Airline Plating and Metal Finishing Forum.
[63] Lieblein, S., Schwenk, F. C., Broderick, R. L., 1953, ‘‘Diffusion Factor for Estimating Losses and Limiting Blade Loading in Axial-Flow Compressor Blade Elements,’’ NACA RM No. 53001.
[64] Maurice, L. Q. W., Blust, J.W., 1999, ‘‘Emission from Combustion of Hydrocarbons in a Well Stirred Reactor,’’ AIAA.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
738 • COGENERATION AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS
[65] McMordie, B. G., March 2000, ‘‘Impact of Smooth Coatings on the Efficiency of Modern Turbomachinery,’’ Cincinnati, Ohio, 2000 Aerospace/Airline Plating & Metal Finishing Forum.
[66] Mellor, G., 1957, ‘‘The Aerodynamic Performance of Axial Compressor Cascades with Application to Machine Design,’’ Sc. D. Thesis, M.I.T. Gas Turbine Lab, M.I.T. Rep. No. 38.
[67] Moffitt, T. P., Prust, H. W., Jr., Szanca, E. M., Schum, H. J., 1971, ‘‘Summary of Cold-Air Tests of a Single-Stage Turbine with Various Stator Cooling Techniques,’’ NASA, TM X-52969, NASA.
[68] O’Brien, W. J., 1975, ‘‘Temperature Measurement for Gas Turbine Engines,’’ SAE Paper No. 750207, SAE.
[69] Owczarek, J. A., 1968, Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics, pp. 165-197, International Textbook Company, Pennsylvania.
[70] Paul, T. C., Schonewald, R. W., Marolda, P. J., August 1996, ‘‘Power System for the 21st Century — H Gas Turbine Combined Cycles,’’ 39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar.
[71] Petrovic, M., Riess, W., 1995, ‘‘Through-Flow Calculation in Axial Turbines at Part Load and Low Load. Is,’’ Erlangen, Conference on Turbomachinery — Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics.
[72] Phillips, M., 1997, ‘‘Role of Flow Alignment and Inlet Blockage on Vaned Diffuser Performance,’’ Report No. 229, Gas Turbine Laboratory, Massa-chusetts Institute of Technology.
[73] Prust, H. W., Jr., Schum, H. J., Szanca, E. M., 1970, ‘‘Cold-Air Investigation of a Turbine with Transpiration-Cooled Stator Blades, I — Performance of Stator with Discrete Hole Blading,’’ NASA, TX X-2094, NASA.
[74] Prust, H. W., Jr., Behning, F. P., Bider, B., 1970, ‘‘Cold-Air Investigation of a Turbine with Stator Blade Trailing Edge Coolant Ejection, II — Detailed Stator Performance,’’ NASA, TM X-1963, NASA.
[75] Prust, H. W., Jr., Schum, H. J., Behning, F. P., 1968, ‘‘Cold-Air Investigation of a Turbine for High-Temperature Engine Application, II — Detailed Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Stator Performance,’’ NASA, TN D-4418, NASA.
[76] Rodgers, C., Shapiro, L., ‘‘Design Considerations for High-Pressure-Ratio Centrifugal Compressors,’’ ASME Paper No. 73-GT-31, ASME.
[77] Rodgers, C., Oct. 1966, ‘‘Efficiency and Performance Characteristics of Radial Turbines,’’ SAE Paper 660754, SAE.
[78] Rodgers, C., Jan. 1961, ‘‘Influence of Impeller and Diffuser Characteristics and Matching on Radial Compressor Performance,’’ SAE Preprint 268B, SAE.
[79] Rodgers, C., ‘‘Effect of Blade Numbers on the Efficiency of a Centrifugal Impeller,’’ ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-0455, ASME.
[80] Rodgers, C., ‘‘The Performance of Centrifugal Compressor Channel Diffusers,’’ ASME Paper No. 82-GT-10, ASME.
[81] Schilke, P. W., August 1996, ‘‘Advanced Gas Turbine Materials and Coatings,’’ 39th GE Turbine State-of the-Art Technology Seminar.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Bibliography • 739
[82] Schlatter, J. C., Dalla Betta, R. A., Nickolas, S. G., Cutrone, M. B., Beebe, K. W., Tsuchiya, T., ‘‘Single-Digit Emissions in a full Scale Catalytic Combustor,’’ ASME Paper No. 97-GT-57.
[83] Schlichting, H., 1962, Boundary Layer Theory, 4th Edition, pp. 547–550, McGraw-Hill Book Co.
[84] Senoo, V., Nakase, V., ‘‘An Analysis of Flow Through a Mixed Flow Impeller,’’ ASME Paper No. 71-GT-2, ASME.
[85] Shahpar, S., ‘‘A Comparative Study of Optimization Methods for Aero-dynamic Design of Turbomachinery Blades,’’ ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-523, ASME.
[86] Shepherd, D.G., 1956, Principles of Turbomachinery, The Macmillan Company, New York.
[87] Shouman, A. R., Anderson, J. R., 1964, ‘‘The Use of Compressor-lnlet Prewhirl for the Control of Small Gas Turbines,’’ Journal of Engineering for Power, Transactions of the ASME, 86(A):136-140, ASME.
[88] Stewart, W. L., 1954, ‘‘Investigation of Compressible Flow Mixing Losses Obtained Downstream of a Blade Row,’’ NACA RM E54120.
[89] Szanca, E. M., Schum, H. J., Behnong, F. P., 1970, ‘‘Cold-Air Investigation of a Turbine with Transpiration-Cooled Stator Blades, II — Stage Perfor-mance with Discrete Hole Stator Blades,’’ NASA, TM X-2133, NASA.
[90] Szanca, E. M., Schum, H. J., Prust, H. W., Jr., 1970, ‘‘Cold-Air Investigation of a Turbine with Transpiration-Cooled Stator Blades, I — Performance of Stator with Discrete Hole Blading,’’ NASA, TM X-2094, NASA.
[91] Talceishi, K., Matsuura, M., Aoki, S. Sato, T., 1989, ‘‘An Experimental Study of heat transfer and Film Cooling on Low Aspect Ratio Turbine Nozzles,’’ ASME Paper No. 89-GT-187, ASME.
[92] Thompson, W. E., 1972, ‘‘Aerodynamics of Turbines,’’ Proceedings of the 1st Turbo-machinery Symposium, p. 90, Texas A&M University.
[93] Traupel, W., 1988, Thermische Turbomaschinen, Vol. 1., Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
[94] Valenti, M., September 1998, ‘‘A Turbine for Tomorrows Navy,’’ ASME Mechanical Engineering.
[95] Vavra, M. H., March, 1968, ‘‘Radial Turbines,’’ Pt. 4., AGARD-VKI Lecture Series on Flow in Turbines (Series No. 6).
[96] Vincent, E.T., 1950, Theory and Design of Gas Turbines and Jet Engines, New York, McGraw-Hill.
[97] Wallace, F. J., Pasha, S. G. A., 1972. Design, construction and testing of a mixed-flow Turbine.
[98] Warnes, B. M., Hampson, L. M., ‘‘Extending the Service Life of Gas Turbine Hardware,’’ ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-559, ASME.
[99] Whitney, W. J., 1969, ‘‘Analytical Investigation of the Effect of Cooling Air on Two- Stage Turbine Performance,’’ NASA, TM X-1728, NASA.
[100] Whitney, W. J., 1968, ‘‘Comparative Study of Mixed and Isolated Flow Methods for Cooled Turbine Performance Analysis,’’ NASA, TM X-1572, NASA.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
740 • COGENERATION AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS
[101] Whitney, W. J., Szanca, E. M., Behning, F. P., 1969, ‘‘Cold-Air Investigation of a Turbine with Stator Blade Trailing Edge Coolant-Ejection, I — Overall Stator Performance,’’ NASA, TM X-1901, NASA.
[102] Whitney, W. J., Szanca, E. M., Bider, B., Monroe, D. E., 1968, ‘‘Cold- Air Investigation of a Turbine for High-Temperature Engine Application III — Overall Stage Performance,’’ NASA, TN D-4389, NASA.
[103] Whitney, W. J., Szanca, E. M., Moffitt, T. P., Monroe, D. E., 1967, ‘‘Cold-Air Investigation of a Turbine for High-Temperature Engine Application,’’ I — Turbine Design and Overall Stator Performance, NASA, TN D-3751, NASA.
[104] Winterbone, D. E., Nikpour, B., Alexander, G. L., 1990. ‘‘Measurement of the performance of a radial inflow turbine in conditional steady and unsteady flow.’’ IMechE, Paper No. 0405/015.
[105] Wood, M. I., March 1999, ‘‘Developments in Blade Coatings: Extending the life of blades? Reducing Lifetime costs?,’’ CCGT Generation, IIR Ltd.
[106] Wu, C. H., 1952, ‘‘A General Theory of Three-Dimensional Flow in Subsonic and Supersonic Turbomachines of Axial, Radial, and Mixed-Flow Type,’’ NACA TN-2604.
[107] Yee, D. K., Lundberg, K., Weakley, C. K., ‘‘Field Demonstration of a 1.5 MW Industrial Gas Turbine with a Low Emissions Catalytic Combustion System,’’ ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-88, ASME.
CHAPTER 5 — AN OVERVIEW OF STEAM TURBINES
[1] Cotton, K. C., 1993, Evaluating and Improving Steam Turbine Performance, Cotton Fact, Inc., Rexford, NY.
[2] Craig, H. R. M., Hobson, G., 1973, ‘‘The Development of Long Last-Stage Turbine Blades,’’ GEC Journal of Science and Technology, 40(2):65-71.
[3] Craig, H. R. M., Kalderon, D., 1973, ‘‘Research and Development for Large Steam Turbines,’’ Proc. American Power Conference.
[4] Leyzerovich, A., 1997, Large Power Steam Turbines, Volume 1: Design and Operation, Volume 2: Operations, PennWell Books, Tulsa OK.
[5] McCloskey, T. H., et. al., 1999, ‘‘Turbine Steam Path Damage: Theory & Practice, Volume 1:Turbine Fundamentals,’’ EPRI.
[6] McCloskey, T. H., et. al., 1999, ‘‘Turbine Steam Path Damage: Theory & Practice, Volume 2:Damage Mechanisms,’’ EPRI.
[7] Petrovic, M., Riess, W., ‘‘Off-Design Flow Analysis and Performance Prediction of Axial Turbines,’’ ASME Paper No. 97-GT-55, ASME.
[8] Petrovic, M., Riess, W., 1997, ‘‘Off-Design Flow Analysis of LP Steam Turbines,’’ Amsterdam, 2nd Conference on Turbomachinery — Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics.
[9] Sanders, W. P., December 1998, Turbine Steam Path Engineering for Operations and Maintenance Staff, Turbo-Technic Services Incorporated, Toronto Ontario, Canada.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Bibliography • 741
[10] Trumpler, W. E., Owens H. M., ‘‘Turbine Blade Vibration and Strength,’’ Transactions of the ASME, 77:337-341, ASME.
CHAPTER 6 — AN OVERVIEW OF PUMPS
[1] Boyce, M. P., 1977, Chapter 10, ‘‘Transport and Storage of Fluids-Pumping of Liquids and Gases,’’ Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill.
[2] Brown, R. D., 1975, Vibration Phenomena in Boiler Feed Pumps Originating from Fluid Forces, Vibrations and Noise in Pump Fan and Compressor Installations, CP9, Mech. Eng. Publ., Ltd., New York.
[3] Corley, J. E., 1978, ‘‘Subsynchronous Vibration in a Large Water Flood Pump,’’ Proceedings of the Seventh Turbomachinery Symposium, College Station, Texas, Texas A&M University.
[4] Fraser, W. H., ‘‘Recirculation in Centrifugal Pumps,’’ ASME Winter Meeting 81-WA- 465, ASME.
[5] Hergt, P., Krieger, J., 1970 ‘‘Radial Forces in Centrifugal Pumps with Guide Vanes,’’ London, I. Mech. E., Convention on Advanced Class Boiler Feed Pumps.
[6] Massey, I. C., 1985, ‘‘Subsynchronous Vibration Problems in High Speed Multistage Centrifugal Pumps,’’ Proceedings of the Fourteenth Turbomachinery Symposium.
[2] Boyce, M. P., Meher-Homji, C. B., Focke, A. B., Nov. 1984, ‘‘An Overview of Cogeneration Technology Design Operations and Maintenance,’’ Proc. of the 13th TurboMachinery Symposium, Houston, TX, 13-15, 3-24, Texas A & M University.
[3] Brady, M. F., 1999, ‘‘Differences Between once Through Steam Generators and Drum-Type HRSG’s and Their Suitability for Barge Mounted Combined Cycles,’’ Asia, POWER-Gen.
[4] Dooley R. B., Cycle Chemistry Guidelines for Combined Cycle/Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs), Report Number 1010438, 2006; EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.
[5] Duffy, T. E., 2000, ‘‘Heat Recovery for Steam Injected Gas Turbine Application,’’ Cambridge, Ontario, Innovative Steam Technologies.
[6] Duffy, T. E., 2000, ‘‘Once Through Heat Recovery Steam Generators Evaluation Criteria for Combined Cycles,’’ Cambridge, Ontario, Innovative Steam Technologies.
[7] Ganapathy, V., August 1987, ‘‘HRSGs for Gas Turbine Application,’’ Hydro-carbon Processing.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
742 • COGENERATION AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS
[8] George, N. S., et al., ‘‘Dynamic Behavior of a Vertical Natural Circulation Two Pressure Stage HRSG Behind a Heavy Duty Gas Turbines,’’ ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-0592, ASME.
[9] Jeffs, E., January/February 1998, ‘‘ABB Brings GT 24 and Once-Through Boiler to New England Merchant Plant,’’ Turbomachinery International.
[10] Johns, W. D., 1995, ‘‘Enhanced Combined Cycle Technology,’’ Eleventh Symposium on Industrial Applications of Gas Turbines.
CHAPTER 8 — CONDENSERS AND COOLING TOWERS
[1] Addison D. R., Lloyd L., 2008, “The Unique Application of a Separate Bed Condensate Poloshing System (TRIPOL) in a 400 MW Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant — The Huntly Power Station Experience,” IEX2008, Recent Advances in Ion Exchange Theory and Practice, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, UK.
[2] ASME, 1983, Performance Test Code on Steam Condensing Apparatus, ASME PTC 12.2, ASME.
[3] Aull, R. J., Wallis, J. S., 2000, Brentwood Industries, Sales Documentation. [4] Burger, R., Chapter 6, ‘‘Thermal Evaluation Cooling Tower,’’ Cooling Tower
Technology Textbook, 3rd Edition. [5] Burger, R., July, 2000, ‘‘Cooling Tower Fill: The Neglected Moneymaker,’’
Hydrocarbon Processing , Cooling Tower Institute Material Standard STD-136. [6] Dooley, B. R., Aspden, D. J., Howell A. G., du Preez F., Assessing and
Controlling Corrosion in Air-Cooled Condensers, PowerPlant Chemistry 2009, 11(5).
76-06.[10] Shields, K. J., Mathews J. A., 2008, “Condensate Polishing Performance
Assessment: Use of Separate Bed Single Vessel Designs,” Report No. 1014130, 1-7, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.
[11] Shields, K. J., et al., 2006, “Condensate Polishing Guidelines for Fossil Plants,” Report Number 101018, 2-1, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.
[12] Shields K. J. et al., 2006, “Condensate Polishing Guidelines for Fossil Plants,” Report No. 101018, 2-10, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.
CHAPTER 9 — GENERATORS, MOTORS AND SWITCH GEARS
[1] ASME, 1978 (Reaffirmed 1997), Procurement Standard For Gas Turbine Electrical Equipment, B133.5, ASME.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Bibliography • 743
[2] Daugherty, R. H., 1997, ‘‘Chapter 29 Electric Motors and Auxiliaries,’’ Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill.
[3] Hargett, Y. S., ‘‘Large Steam turbine Driven Generators,’’ Large Steam Turbine Generator Department-Schenectady N.Y.
[4] McNeely, M., May/June 2000, ‘‘New Switchgear Targeted at DG Applications,’’ Distributed Power.
[5] Nippes, P. I., 2000, ‘‘Synchronous Machinery,’’ The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, CRC Press LLC.
[6] Wright, J., ‘‘A Practical Solution to Transient Torsional Vibration in Synchronous Motor Drive Systems,’’ Pub. 75-DE-15, ASME.
CHAPTER 10 — FUELS, FUEL PIPING AND FUEL STORAGE
[1] Bahr, D. W., Smith, J. R., Kenworthy, N. J., ‘‘Development of Low Smoke Emission Combustors for Large Aircraft Turbine Engines,’’ AIAA Paper No. 69-493.
[2] Boyce, M. P., 1997, Chapter 10, ‘‘Transport and Storage of Fluids — Process —Plant Piping,’’ Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 7th Edition, McGraw- Hill.
[3] Boyce, M. P., Trevillion, W., Hoehing, W. W., March 1978 (Reprint), ‘‘A New Gas Turbine Fuel,’’ Diesel & Gas Turbine Progress.
CHAPTER 11 — BEARINGS, SEALS AND LUBRICATION SYSTEMS
[1] Abramovitz, S., December, 1977, ‘‘Fluid Film Bearings, Fundamentals and Design Criteria and Pitfalls,’’ Proceedings of the 6th Turbomachinery Symposium, pp. 189–204, Texas A & M University.
[2] API, April 1999, Lubrication, Shaft-Sealing, and Control-Oil Systems and Auxiliaries for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services, 4th Edition, API Std 614, API.
[3] Boyce, M. P., Morgan, E., White, G., 1978, ‘‘Simulation of Rotor Dynamics of High- Speed Rotating Machinery,’’ Madras, India, pp. 6–32, Proceedings of the First International Conference in Centrifugal Compressor Technology.
[4] Clapp, A. M., 1972, ‘‘Fundamentals of Lubricating Relating to Operating and Maintenance of Turbomachinery,’’ Proceedings of the 1st Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A&M University.
[5] Egli, 1935, ‘‘The Leakage of Steam through Labyrinth Seals,’’ Transactions of the ASME, pp. 115-122.
[6] Fuller, D. D., 1956, Theory & Practice of Lubrication for Engineers, Wiley Inter-science.
[7] Herbage, B. S., October 1972, ‘‘High Speed Journal and Thrust Bearing Design,’’ Proceedings of the 1st Turbomachiery Symposium, pp. 56-61. Texas A&M University.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
744 • COGENERATION AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS
[8] Herbage, B., December, 1977, ‘‘High Efficiency Fluid Film Thrust Bearings for Turbomachinery,’’ 6th Proceedings of the Turbomachinery Symposium, pp. 33-38, Texas A&M University.
[9] King, T. L., Capitao, J. W., October 1975, ‘‘Impact on Recent Tilting Pad Thrust Bearing Tests on Steam Turbine Design and Performance,’’ Proceed-ings of the 4th Turbomachinery Symposium, pp. 1-8, Texas A&M University.
[10] Leopard, A. J., December 1977, ‘‘Principles of Fluid Film Bearing Design and Application,’’ Proceedings of the 6th Turbomachinery Symposium, pp. 207-230, Texas AM University.
[11] Reynolds, O., 1886, Theory of Lubrication, Part I, Trans. Royal Society, London.
No. WL 43 1190 EA. [14] Shapiro, W., Colsher, R., December, 1977, ‘‘Dynamic Characteristics of Fluid
Film Bearings,’’ Proceedings of the 6th Turbomachinery Symposium, pp. 39-53, Texas A&M University.
[15] Tessarzik, J. M., Badgley, R. H., Anderson, W. J., February 1972, ‘‘Flexible Rotor Balancing by the Exact-Point Speed Influence Coefficient Method,’’ Transactions of the ASME, Institute of Engineering for Industry, 94 B(1):148, ASME.
CHAPTER 12 — CONTROL SYSTEMS, AND CONDITION MONITORING
[1] ASME, 1978 (Reaffirmed 1997), Gas Turbine Control And Protection Systems, B133.4, ASME.
[2] Boyce, M. P., Cox, W. M., August 1997, ‘‘Condition Monitoring Management-Strategy,’’ Presented at The Intelligent Software Systems in Inspection and Life Management of Power and Process Plants in Paris, France.
[3] Boyce, M. P., Herrera, G., Sept. 1993, ‘‘Health Evaluation of Turbine Engines Undergoing Automated FAA Type Cyclic Testing,’’ Presented at the SAE International Ameritech ’93. Costa Mesa, CA, 27-30. SAE Paper No. 932633, SAE.
[4] Boyce, M. P., Venema, J., June 1997, ‘‘Condition Monitoring and Control Center,’’ Presented at the Power Gen Europe in Madrid, Spain, Power Gen.
[5] Boyce, M. P., July/August 1999, ‘‘Condition Monitoring of Combined Cycle Power Plants,’’ pp. 35-36, Asian Electricity.
[6] Boyce, M. P., December 1994, ‘‘Control and Monitoring an Integrated Approach,’’ pp. 17-20, Middle East Electricity.
[7] Boyce, M. P., Gabriles, G. A., Meher-Homji, C. B., 3-5 Nov. 1993, ‘‘Enhancing System Availability and Performance in Combined Cycle Power Plants by the Use of Condition Monitoring,’’ Presented at the European Conference and Exhibition Cogeneration of Heat and Power, Athens, Greece.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Bibliography • 745
[8] Boyce, M. P., Gabriles, G. A., Meher-Homji, C.B., Lakshminarasimha, A.N. Meher-Homji, F. J., 14-16 Sept. 1993, ‘‘Case Studies in Turbomachinery Operation and Maintenance using Condition Monitoring,’’ Proc. of the 22nd Turbomachinery Symposium. Dallas, TX, pp. 101-12, Texas A & M University.
[9] Boyce, M. P., March, 1999, ‘‘How to Identify and Correct Efficiency Losses through Modeling Plant Thermodynamics,’’ Proceedings of the CCGT Generation Power Conference, London, U.K.
[10] Boyce, M. P., March/April 1996, ‘‘Improving Performance with Condition Monitoring,’’ Power Plant Technology Economics and Maintenance, pp. 52-55.
[11] Meher-Homji, C. B., Boyce, M. P. Lakshminarasimha, A. N., Whitten, J. A. Meher-Homji, F. J., Sept. 21-23, 1993, ‘‘Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Approaches for Advanced Gas Turbines,’’ pp. 347-55, Proc. ASME Cogen Turbo Power 1993. 7th Congress and Exposition on Gas Turbines in Cogeneration and Utility. Sponsored by ASME in participation of BEAMA. IGTI-Vol. 8 Bournemouth, United Kingdom, ASME.
CHAPTER 13 — PERFORMANCE TESTING OF A COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT
[1] ASME, 1981 (Reaffirmed 1992), Performance Test Code on Gas Turbine Heat Recovery Steam Generators, ASME PTC 4.4, ASME.
[2] ASME, 1983, Performance Test Code on Steam Condensing Apparatus, ASME PTC 12.2 1, ASME.
[3] ASME, 1985 (Reaffirmed 1992), Gas Turbine Fuels, B 133.7M., ASME. [4] ASME, 1988, Performance Test Code on Test Uncertainty: Instruments and
Apparatus, ASME PTC 19.1, ASME. [5] ASME, 1996, Performance Test Code on Overall Plant Performance, ASME
PTC 46, ASME. [6] ASME, 1996, Performance Test Code on Steam Turbines, ASME PTC 6,
ASME. [7] ASME, 1997, Performance Test Code on Gas Turbines, ASME PTC 22,
ASME. [8] ASME, 1997, Performance Test Code on Atmospheric Water Cooling Equipment,
PTC 23, ASME. [9] Boyce, M. P., August 1999, ‘‘Performance Characteristics of a Steam Turbine
in a Combined Cycle Power Plant,’’ Proceedings of the 6th EPRI Steam Turbine Generator /Workshop, EPRI.
[10] Boyce, M. P., July, 1999, ‘‘Performance Monitoring of Large Combined Cycle Power Plants,’’ Proceedings of the ASME 1999 International Joint Power Generation Conference, San Francisco CA. Vol. 2 pp. 183-190, ASME.
[11] ISO, 1983, Natural Gas — Calculation of Calorific Value, Density and Relative Density, International Organization for Standardization, ISO 6976-1983(E).
[12] Table of Physical Constants of Paraffin Hydrocarbons and other components of Natural Gas — Gas Producers Association Standard 2145-94.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
746 • COGENERATION AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS
CHAPTER 14 — MAINTENANCE TECHNIQUES
[1] Boyce, M. P., July 1999, ‘‘Managing Power Plant Life Cycle Costs,’’ pp. 21-23, International Power Generation.
[2] Herbage, B. S., 1977, ‘‘High Efficiency Film Thrust Bearings for Turboma-chinery,’’ pp. 33-38, Proceedings of the 6th Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A&M University.
[3] Nakajima, Seiichi, Total Productive Maintenance, Productivity Press, Inc.[4] Nelson, E., 1973, ‘‘Maintenance Techniques for Turbomachinery,’’ Proceedings
of the 2nd Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A&M University.[5] Sohre, J., ‘‘Reliability Evaluation for Trouble-Shooting of High-Speed Turbo-
[6] Sohre, J., Sept. 1968, ‘‘Operating Problems with High-Speed Turbomachinery — Causes and Correction,’’ 23rd Annual Petroleum Mechanical Engineering Conference.
[7] VanDrunen, G., Liburdi, J., 1977, ‘‘Rejuvenation of Used Turbine Blades by Host Isostatic Processing,’’ pp. 55-60, Proceedings of the 6th Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A&M University.
CHAPTER 15 — MAINTENANCE TECHNIQUES
[1] Addison D. R., 2003, “Oxygenated Treatment in 2-Shifting Plants: The Huntly Power Station, New Zealand, Experience,” EPRI International Conference on Power Station Chemistry, 2003.
[2] Dooley R.B., Tilley R., 2005, “Guidelines for Controlling Flow-Accelerated Corrosion in Fossil and Combined Cycle Plants,” Report No. 1008082, 2-16, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.
[3] Dr. J. Stoiber, Allianz Zentrum Fur Technik GmbH, VGB PowerTech 2/2002[4] Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), 1998, “Flow-Accelerated
Corrosion in Power Plants,” Report TR-106611-R1 Revision 1.[5] Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), 1998, “Flow-Accelerated
Corrosion in Power Plants,” Report TR-106611-R1 Revision 1, pp. 2–18.[6] Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), 1998, “Flow-Accelerated
Corrosion in Power Plants,” Report TR-106611-R1 Revision 1, pp. 5–12.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
408–417, 424, 455Transition pieces, 650–653Transpiration Cooling, 225, 227Transpose power output, 564Transposed, 406, 536, 564Trending and Prognosis, 525TRIPOL Single Vessel Separate Bed
Work of the compressor, 555Work of turbine, 61, 573World energy consumption, 1–2World energy production, 8–9, 27Written memos, 599–600
Y
Ytrium, 236
Z
Zero Exit Swirl, 218, 221Zero Reaction, 213, 222
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr. Meherwan P. Boyce, P.E., Fellow ASME & IDGTE, has over 35 years ofexperience in the field of TurboMachinery in both industry and academia. Hisindustrial experience covers 20 years as Chairman and CEO of Boyce EngineeringInternational, and 5 years as a designer of compressors and turbines for gasturbines for various gas turbine manufacturers. His academic experience covers a15-year period, which includes the position of Professor of Mechanical Engineer-ing at Texas A&M University and Founder of the TurboMachinery Laboratoriesand The TurboMachinery Symposium, which is now in its 30th year. He is theauthor of several books such as the Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook(Butterworth & Heinemann), Cogeneration & Combined Cycle Power Plants(ASME Press), and Centrifugal Compressors, A Basic Guide (PennWellBooks). He is a contributor to several Handbooks; his latest contribution is to thePerry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook Seventh Edition (McGraw Hill) inthe areas of Transport and Storage of Fluids, and Gas Turbines. Dr. Boycehas taught over 100 short courses around the world attended by over 3000 studentsrepresenting over 400 companies. He is a Consultant to the Aerospace,Petrochemical and Utility Industries globally, and is a much-requestedspeaker at Universities and Conferences throughout the world.
Dr. Boyce was the pioneer of On-Line Condition Based PerformanceMonitoring. He has developed models for various types of Power Plants andPetrochemical Complexes. His programs are being used around the world inPower Plants, Offshore Platforms, and Petrochemical Complexes. He is aconsultant forMajor Airlines in the area of Engine Selection, Noise and Emissions.
Dr. Boyce has authored more than 100 technical papers and reports on GasTurbines, Compressors Pumps, Fluid mechanics, and TurboMachinery. He is aFellow of the ASME (USA) and the Institution of Diesel and Gas TurbineEngineers (UK), and member of SAE, NSPE, and several other professional andhonorary societies such as Sigma Xi, Pi Tau Sigma, Phi Kappa Phi, and Tau BetaPhi. He is the recipient of the ASME award for Excellence in Aerodynamics and theRalph Teetor Award of SAE for enhancement in Research and Teaching. He is alsoa Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas.
Dr. Boyce received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering fromthe South Dakota School of Mines and Technology and the State University of NewYork, respectively, and Ph.D. degree (Aerospace and Mechanical engineering)from the University of Oklahoma.
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 09/05/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use