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Appendix 5

Erosion and Sediment Control Plan

Giscome Quarry and Lime Plant Appendix 5 Environmental Management Plan Erosion and Sediment Control Plan Rev. 1.0

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Erosion and Sediment Control Plan

This Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) has been developed for the Giscome Quarry and Lime Plant Project (the Project). The ESCP is a living document and will be updated as appropriate during the life of the Project.

1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The Project will involve extensive earthworks at the quarry and along the overland conveyor/maintenance road route, and limited earthworks at the plant site, during construction. Earthworks will continue during operation as quarrying advances, and during closure and post-closure phases as infrastructure is dismantled and areas are reclaimed. Ongoing reclamation activities throughout the life of the Project will also involve earthworks.

Earthworks will occur during a variety of weather conditions and over varying terrain. Erosion may cause loading of sediments to nearby waterbodies, especially during storm events and snow melt periods. There is, therefore, a need to manage the erosion potential and retain terrestrial sediments where activity is occurring.

For the purpose of this plan, erosion is defined as the movement and transport of sediment. Sedimentation is the deposition of those transported materials. The prevention and management of erosion and sedimentation involves aspects of planning and siting, soil composition, equipment handling, reclamation and weather considerations.

The ESCP is comprised of relevant approaches, strategies and mitigation measures, including design considerations for erosion and sediment control installations. The content of the ESCP will be incorporated into site specific work plans and practices, for example construction of the quarry site, the lime processing facility and ancillary structures, and the overland conveyor/maintenance road. The strategies and mitigation measures outlined in this ESCP and in site specific work plans and practices may be adjusted as the Project progresses in accordance with the principals of adaptive mitigation.

1.1 Consultation

As part of Graymont’s ongoing consultation for the Project, Graymont has engaged with local community members, business people, recreationalists, First Nations and others to ensure that the Project meaningfully considers the potential for impacts on First Nations and stakeholders.

Graymont initially consulted with a wide range of local and regional stakeholder groups in 2007 prior to the project being put on hold. In 2013, preliminary discussions were undertaken with the Regional District of Fraser Fort George (RDFFG) officials prior to finalization of the draft Project Description document. A community newsletter and public meetings in Willow River and Prince George in June 2013 introduced the project to local residents and led to a number of one-on-one meetings with local residents that were held in July and August 2013, prior to finalization of the draft Application Information Requirements. Public Consultation continued through the Application Review phase in accordance with Public Consultation Plan Graymont submitted to the Environmental Assessment Office under Section 11 Order.


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Additional information on the consultation process completed as part of the environmental assessment process are provided in:

Lheidli T’enneh First Nation Consultation Plan for the Proposed Giscome Quarry and Lime Plant: Submitted to the Environmental Assessment Office under Section 11 Order by Graymont Western Canada Ltd. December 10, 2013;

Public Consultation Plan for the Proposed Giscome Quarry and Lime Plant: Submitted to the Environmental Assessment Office under Section 11 Order by Graymont Western Canada Ltd. December 10, 2013;

First Nations Consultation Report, Giscome Quarry and Lime Plant, Giscome BC, September 2015

Public Consultation Report, Giscome Quarry and Lime Plant, Giscome BC, September 2015

Draft versions of the management and monitoring plans were submitted to the Lheidli T’enneh First Nation as part of the Environmental Assessment process for review and comment. Responses to comments are provided in the EAO’s tracking table.

1.2 Community Engagement

Graymont will develop a Community Advisory Committee in accordance with Condition 15 of the Environmental Assessment Certificate. The Committee will be:

Comprised of at least three Graymont and three community representatives, and Formed at least 30 days prior to the start of Construction.

The Committee will:

Establish a terms of reference for the Committee prior to the start of Construction; Meet at least once per year during Construction and the first three years Operations.

Subsequent meeting frequency must be determined by the terms of reference and agreed upon by all representatives;

receive Project related environmental performance information including but not limited to air quality, groundwater and surface water quality, wildlife interactions, visual mitigations, public access management, and noise management; and

provide a venue to address community concerns with a public grievance mechanism to track and revolve issues.

Graymont will include information discussed with the Community Advisory Committee and report on environmental performance as described above on a Project-specific webpage established at least 30 days prior to the start of Construction, updated at least annually and maintained throughout Project Construction, Operations, and Decommissioning.

1.3 Linkages to other Management Plans

The ESCP will be implemented with other management plans developed for the Project, particularly the Water Management Plan (WMP), the Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) and the Reclamation and Closure Plan.


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The WMP describes the water management system that will be implemented at the quarry site to collect and manage runoff and associated fine sediments. Water management components (i.e. ditches and sedimentation ponds) will be in place prior to clearing and construction activities1. The WQMP outlines water quality monitoring requirements and monitoring protocols developed for the Project. The Reclamation and Closure Plan describes soil salvage and progressive reclamation strategies that will be implemented during all phases of the Project to maintain the integrity of soils and reduce surface erosion potential.

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

Graymont has proposed to develop a limestone quarry and lime processing facility in the Giscome area of British Columbia, located approximately 27 kilometres east-northeast of Prince George (Figure 1). The rate of limestone extraction will initially be up to approximately 600,000 tonnes per year, with a future potential limestone extraction rate of up to 1.7 million tonnes per year. The quarry and lime processing plant will be connected by an overland conveyor, which will be used to transport the limestone to the plant site for processing (Figure 2).

Graymont is proposing to develop the Project in phases. The first phase will include quarry development, construction of the overland conveyor and the lime processing plant, likely initially with one lime kiln. Second and third kilns will be added when market conditions support the additional volume. The rate of lime production will initially be approximately 200,000 tonnes per year, with a potential annual lime production rate of 600,000 tonnes from three kilns.

2.1 Surface Preparation Activities

Surface preparation activities for access routes, the overland conveyor, the quarry and the processing plant site are described below. The soil storage plan for the Project is also described.

2.1.1 Processing Plant

At the processing plant site, primary site preparation will focus on three areas to support construction of the kilns, product silos, and the stone reclaim tunnel. All three areas require preloading to consolidate the ground, making it suitable to install foundations. Preloading requires nine to 12 months prior to the start of construction.

The first step will be to implement erosion and sediment control measures, including the installation of silt fences to retain any soil or silt from reaching Bateman Creek or Eaglet Lake. The second step will be to strip any organics from these areas. Organic materials will be stockpiled at the north end of the property and eventually used to build landscape berms in the same area.

The third step will be to place the preload fill. Some of this material will be aggregate that can be used as structural fill during the construction phase. The fourth and final step is to survey the preload piles on periodic bases. The surveys will record the amount of consolidation and determine when construction is suitable.

When construction starts the preload material will be removed from the areas and used as structural fill or landscaping fill (i.e. berms and contouring land).

1 Aside from clearing and activities required to construct ditches and sedimentation ponds.

Project Location

Proposed Quarry Infrastructure

Proposed Lime Processing Site

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Paved Road

Conveyor/Maintenance Road

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Drawn by: RMS Date: September 24, 2015 Map ID: 2184-10.01_057c

File Number: 2184-10.01

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Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N

Figure 1

Site Infrastructure

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Drawn by: RMS Date: July 22, 2016 Map ID: 2184-10.01_011_v2a1


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Figure 2


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2.1.2 Access

There are existing logging roads throughout the site, several of which will require grading and/or widening during the construction phase of the Project. For example, the existing access road from Bateman Creek Road to the quarry will be upgraded to improve access to the quarry.

2.1.3 Quarry

During construction, all overburden and organic material at the quarry site will be grubbed, separated and placed in pre-specified locations (refer to Section 2.1.5 Soil Storage). Topsoil will be stripped and stored for future use in reclamation activities.

Water management components (i.e. ditches and sedimentation ponds) will be constructed first, prior to clearing and grubbing for office facility pads, the crusher pad and crusher, stockpile pads, a portion of the Limestone Fines Stockpile (LFS), main‐haul, access and perimeter roads.

During operation, as quarrying progresses, overburden and organic material will continue to be grubbed, separated and placed in pre-specified locations. Water management components will be in place to collect and manage run-off and associated fine sediments from the quarry site in accordance with the WMP.

2.1.4 Overland Conveyor

In preparation for construction of the overland conveyor and maintenance road, vegetation clearing will occur along the conveyor route. Following clearing, contouring along the conveyor route will take place. This will involve cutting and filling the route to provide a workable elevation change. Drainage systems will be installed at this time. Waterway crossings will be completed to coincide with least-risk fisheries windows. The conveyor itself will be assembled by importing pre-assembled sections. The conveyor system will be built to allow for wildlife crossings. Once the structure is completed the belting will be threaded and the electrical system will be field wired.

2.1.5 Soil Storage

During the initial construction phase, areas to be stripped will be logged, cleared and grubbed, and merchantable timber sold where feasible. The remaining woody debris will be stockpiled separately from the salvaged reclamation material for the duration of the quarry life or placed on progressively reclaimed areas where appropriate to enhance the landform. If an excess of woody debris exists, it will be used in final reclamation activities if intact at the end of quarry life.

Suitable reclamation soil will be handled using three different methods. The first method involves storing salvaged soil from a portion of the LFS footprint and from the early stages of the quarry pit development in the Soil Stockpile.

The second method involves windrowing of reclamation soils along new linear structures (e.g. access roads) and the overland conveyor route and smaller disturbances (e.g. the sedimentation ponds and pads). This method will also be used along the southern end of the LFS where the stockpile will be lowest. Along roads, the windrowed material will be protected from erosion. Rough and loose windrows will minimize erosion and foster natural recovery during the quarry life. If necessary, temporary erosion control measures will be implemented.


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The third method involves direct replacement, whereby suitable soil will be salvaged and hauled to its final destination and used as reclamation material. An example of this is the progressive reclamation of the LFS. After Year 15, no further material from the quarry development will be placed in the LFS and therefore reclamation of the structure could begin. Reclamation material stripped from the east end of the quarry pit area will be routed directly to the in-pit LFS.

3.0 EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS

This section provides a summary of current atmospheric, vegetation and baseline conditions of wildlife and aquatic resources in the Project area for the purpose of providing background context for the design of the ESCP.

3.1 Topography

The Project site is located within the Cariboo Mountains of the Interior Plateau of east-central British Columbia. The region is characterized by rolling hills separated by low-lying, swampy areas. The ground surface elevation at the proposed quarry ranges from between 660 and 780 metres above sea level (m asl) with the plant site elevation ranging between 590 to 630m asl. Most areas within the vicinity of the Project have been previously logged, and a former rail ballast pit was operated at the location of the proposed Plant site.

3.2 Geologic Setting

The surficial material in the area around Prince George, Giscome, Hansard, and Purden Lake is generally glacial deposits. Regionally, the thickness of the overburden exceeds 100m in some areas (Dahrouge, 2008). Locally, within the quarry footprint, the depth to bedrock ranges from 0 to 17.4m based on drill logs provided in (BGC, 2015b). At the quarry site, to the south of the pit, cone penetration test holes penetrated as deep as 40.4m never reaching refusal (BGC, 2015a). Bedrock outcrops were found predominantly in the north and east of the Project area (Madrone, 2007).

3.3 Soils

Surficial soils identified during terrain mapping of the Project area was completed in by Madrone (2007). The main objective of the soil survey was to map the location and distribution of surficial soils. Five surficial material types were identified during the survey including organics, fluvial glaciolacustrine, moraine, and glaciofluvial. Each soil type is described below.

3.3.1 Organic

Organic material develops from vegetative growth, decay and accumulation in and around closed basins or on gentle slopes, where the rate of accumulation exceeds that of decay. In the Project area, they generally occur as mesic material less than 1m thick, on flat, wet terrain overlying poorly drained materials, occasionally with standing water.

3.3.2 Fluvial

Fluvial material consists of sediments transported and deposited by streams and rivers, and generally consist of sand and to a lesser extent silt. Fluvial sediments are commonly moderately well to well-sorted, and display stratification, although massive, non-sorted fluvial deposits do occur. Fluvial materials that are likely to be affected by inundation or channel processes are considered to be active. These sediments are found along the floodplain of Bateman Creek and


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Jules Creek. A large inactive fluvial plain is found in the northwest part of the study area, where the town of Giscome lies. This plain was likely formed post-glacially during late-stage drainage of Glacial Lake Prince George.

3.3.3 Glaciolacustrine

Glaciolacustrine material consists of well-sorted, clay, fine sand and silt, deposited in Glacial Lake Prince George. Thin (0.5 to 2m), sandy silt littoral sediments exist in the northeast part of the Project area, while thicker (2 to > 15m) distal, varied, clayey silt sediments exist in the southwest portion of the Project area. Sandy beach gravels and winnowed till are present between 760 and 700 masl, where shorelines existed for longer periods of time. The topography is often rolling, hummocky and kettled due to post-glacial dissection.

3.3.4 Moraine

Morainal material, also known as till, is diamicton deposited directly by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. The till contains 5 to 35% gravel to boulder-sized clasts in a sandy silt matrix. Typically, the area preserves a thin to absent veneer of till, though thicker blankets may occur along the hillsides above glaciolacustrine limits (760m asl). Between 760 and 700m asl, the till is often winnowed or partially washed away by wave action along the shorelines of Glacial Lake Peace.

3.3.5 Glaciofluvial

Glaciofluvial material has been transported and deposited by glacial meltwater streams, either directly in front of, or in contact with, glacial ice. Glaciofluvial sediments were only found in one small deposit in the northwest portion of the Project area, which was mostly mined out. The deposit consisted of sandy gravel, with a high proportion of angular clasts derived from local colluvium.

3.3.6 Bedrock

Bedrock was found as outcrops, predominantly in the eastern and northern portions of the Project area. Outcrops primarily occur where overlying sediment was washed away by Glacial Lake Prince George.

3.4 Climate

During summer months, moist Pacific air moves east across the lowlands and summer surface heating of the many bodies of water creates humid conditions. In winter, dense, cold Arctic air comes from either the north or over the Hart Ranges to the east, bringing periods of intense cold and snowfall.

Observations of regional mean annual precipitation (MAP) datasets indicate there is a gradient of increasing precipitation from west to east, and that the gradient is stronger in winter than in summer. It is estimated that the MAP at Giscome is, on average, approximately 22% greater than at the Prince George Airport. The MAP for the Project was estimated to be 766mm (BGC 2015c).

A comparison of average daily temperatures for the Giscome School and Prince George Airport stations for May through November 2007 show the Prince George dataset has greater variability, with colder minimums and warmer maximums. However, the two datasets show very similar monthly averages.


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As evaporation data are not collected at any of the climate stations, average monthly potential evaporation was calculated to be 534mm from temperature data using the Thornthwaite (1948) method.

Snow course data were not measured at site. The Hansard and Prince George Airport provincial snow course stations are the best proxies for the Project site due to the length of the record and similar elevation. BGC (2015c) calculated snow-on-ground estimates and snowmelt for the Project site. It is estimated that snowfall accounts for 283mm (37%) of precipitation.

3.5 Hydrology

The hydrology of the Project area is characteristic of a snowmelt dominated regime resulting in two peak flow events: the larger spring freshet peak flow event and the typically smaller, autumn rain or rain-on-snow events. Runoff for the Project site is strongly correlated with snowmelt and rainfall. BGC 2015 notes that most of the drainages within the Project area have flows during snowmelt and periods of heavy precipitation; however, they tend to be dry during the remainder of the year (BGC, 2015c).

During low flow periods, a significant amount of the streamflow in Bateman Creek can go subsurface in the lower reaches, as it flows through an alluvial aquifer that appears to vary in extent and hydraulic conductivity. Eaglet Lake creates a backwater in Bateman Creek. Limited stream flow measurements have been taken in Bateman Creek and select tributaries within the Project area. Between May and November of 2007, streamflow in Bateman Creek near the confluence with Eaglet Lake measured between 0.13 and 3.3m³/s.

An annual average unit runoff of 401mm was estimated from the nearby Water Survey of Canada gauge at Willow River above Hay Creek. Based on the limited data available, the Willow River Station is the most suitable proxy for Bateman Creek runoff volumes for preliminary studies.

3.6 Vegetation

The Project occurs within the Willow variant of Sub-Boreal Spruce wet, cool subzone (SBSwk1). Forest stands are generally characterized by either mature coniferous forests, young mixed forests, and regenerating cutblocks. Hybrid white spruce (Picea glauca x engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) are the most common coniferous species occurring on mesic and moist sites, while lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) more frequently occurs on drier sites.

Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping (TEM) was completed for the Project area in 2007. A total of 26 ecosystem units were mapped, with naturally-vegetated areas dominating the landscape. The most common ecosystem unit identified was site series 01 (SBSwk1-01), which is described as a hybrid white spruce-oak fern plant community and represents zonal sites (moderate soil moisture and nutrient conditions) in the SBSwk1. The second-most common ecosystem unit mapped in the Project area was SBSwk-08 (hybrid white spruce-Devil’s club), which represents a slightly moister and richer site. Non-vegetated and/or developed areas (e.g., roads, gravel pits, croplands, etc.) in the Project area were nominal.

In addition to site series, specific characteristics delineated through the TEM process included wetland and old forest ecosystems. Based on the mapping, roughly 5% and 2% of the Project area is characterized by wetlands or old forest, respectively.


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3.7 Land Use

Predominant land uses in the Project area are summarized in the following sections. There is currently no active development or existing buildings or facilities onsite.

3.7.1 Forestry

Logging activity was once a significant industry in the area. While there is no longer a mill in the area, some logging activity is occurring, but not directly on the site. A portion of the proposed quarry site overlaps with a cut-block, accounting for areas of sawdust that were found beneath the proposed processing plant site.

3.7.2 Agriculture

The region has a significant number of small scale agricultural operations, specifically cattle farming and hayfields. The quarry site overlaps with the agricultural land reserve (PGL 2013).

3.7.3 Quarries (historical)

The proposed site for the lime processing plant is located on the previously operational CN ballast rock quarry and rail siding.

4.0 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES

Relevant guidance, legislation and best management practices for ESCP are inherently linked to those outlined for several other management plans including:

Air Quality Management Plan (Appendix 1) for managing wind erosion and controlling fugitive dust;

Water Quality Management Plan (Appendix 2) for meeting water quality guidelines; Fish and Fish Habitat Management Plan (Appendix 3) for the protection of fish and fish habitat

including riparian areas; Soil Management Plan (Appendix 4) outlining procedures for managing soils; Wildlife Management (Appendix 6) for the protection of wetlands and other wildlife habitat; and Vegetation Management (Appendix 7) for the invasive plant prevention strategy, a

consideration when using revegetation as an erosion control measure.

4.1 Best Management Practices

Guidelines considered in the development of this ESCP included:

BC Ministry of Environment’s Technical Guidance 3, Environmental Management Act, Developing a Mining Erosion and Sediment Control Plan. (BC MOE, 2015);

BC Ministry of Energy and Mines Aggregate Operators Best Management Practices Handbook for British Columbia. (BC MOE, 2002);

BC Ministry of Forests Basic Soil Interpretations for Forest Development Planning: Surface Soil Erosion and Soil Compaction, (BC MOF, 1991); and

BC Resources Inventory Committee. Guidelines and Standards to Terrain Mapping in British Columbia. (BC RIC, 1996).


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5.0 PERFORMANCE THRESHOLDS

Performance thresholds refer to measurable parameters that can be used to convey effectiveness of the measures in meeting desired outcomes. Where end-point performance standards exist, these will take precedence over practice-based performance standards. In other words, alternative mitigation approaches may be employed to those recommended here so long as it can be shown that the intent of the recommendations is being met. This is the basis of Results Based Management.

In cases where no performance standards exist, monitoring will rely on compliance with recommended mitigation methods. Erosion and sediment control (ESC) practises are inherently tied to water quality parameters (turbidity, total suspended solids, pH). Those performance thresholds are specified in the Water Quality Management Plan (Appendix 2). Monitoring of ESCP implementation will generally focus on application of specific measures identified here and field-fit improvements.

6.0 PERMITS AND APPROVALS

A Mines Act permit from the Ministry of Energy, Mines and Natural Gas (EMNG) will be required prior to commencing any work on a quarry site, in accordance with the Province’s Mines Act (1996) and the Health, Safety and Reclamation Code for Mines in British Columbia (HSRC)1 2008. Any soil excavation, handling or storage activities during construction, operation, closure and the post-closure phase of the Project will require that the Mines Act permit is in place before works proceed.

7.0 WORK TIMING RESTRICTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS

Work timing restrictions for activities that might trigger erosion and sediment control are linked to those described for instream works in the Fish and Fish Habitat Management Plan (Appendix 3). Potentially harmful works outside of instream work windows may only be completed if a technical rationale completed by an appropriately qualified professional is provided which explains why there will be no increased risk to fish populations and habitats.

Although not inherently a work timing restriction, during heavy rain events oversaturated soils exacerbate ESC issues. If construction activity is contributing to ESC issues, the IEM or other responsible party may need to stop work until the risk of erosion has reduced or conditions improve. Precipitation events will trigger an action and response plan for ESC, which is discussed further below in Section 10.0 Action and Response Plan.

8.0 EROSION POTENTIAL AND RISK ASSESSMENT

A key component of effective ESC is planning. To determine which ESC measures should be implemented during construction activities, the erosion potential of the site was determined, and the risks of impacts to downstream receivers was assessed.


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8.1.1 Erosion Potential

Erosion potential is a qualitative assessment of the potential for sediment generation following vegetation removal. It is a function of slope gradient, slope shape, surficial material, soil drainage and potential for surface water flow. Erosion potential mapping was completed for the Project area by Madrone in 2007 as part of terrain assessment and mapping (Figure 3). Terrain mapping and the assessment of terrain stability and soil erosion potential included three stages (Madrone, 2007):

1. Air photo interpretation and the delineation of terrain unit polygons.

2. Field checking to confirm or modify labels and line work completed during Stage 1.

3. Air photo correction, review, and mono-restitution.

Using field observations, experience with similar terrain in logged and road accessed areas, and terrain attributes of a given area, a five-class soil erosion potential classification was developed for the Project area adopted from BC Resources Inventory Committee (BC RIC, 1996) (Madrone, 2007). The criteria developed to define each class are summarized in Table 1. For the assignment of soil erosion potential rating it is assumed that the forest floor has been removed and bare soil is exposed. The classes range from VL (very low) to VH (very high).

Soil erosion is a function of surface cover, mineral soil type and texture, slope gradient, slope length and shape, and rainfall intensity. Silts and fine sands are the textures deemed most susceptible to erosion because of the ease of particle detachment under the entraining influence of water or wind. Clay-rich soils resist detachment because of cohesive forces acting between particles. Long, steep, uniform slopes are most at risk because surface runoff will gain high velocities and high entraining powers.

Broken slopes with numerous surface irregularities are less prone to erosion as runoff is interrupted. An area subject to concentrated seepage or runoff during high rainfall renders all exposed mineral soil highly subject to erosion.

In the Project area, areas with high erosion potential occur where the texture of the material is predominantly sandy. Because of the high proportion of silty soil textures and gentle slope gradients, 95% of the polygons mapped in the Project area have a very low, low or moderate erosion potential. Despite this relatively low erosion potential, water that is concentrated and directed onto slopes (particularly from roads) could result in substantial local erosion. Table 1 presents definitions and management implications for erosion potential classes.

Erosion Potential

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Figure 3

Giscome Quarry and Lime Plant Appendix 5 Environmental Management Plan Erosion and Sediment Control Plan

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Table 1: Erosion Potential Classification

Surface Erosion Potential Classes

Surface Erosion Potential

Definition Management Implications

VH Very High

Sandy-silt glaciolacustrine materials on moderately steep and steep slopes (>50%). Clayey-silt glaciolacustrine materials on steep slopes (>70%).

Severe gully and surface erosion problems may exist with water channelized onto or over these sites. Disturbed sites should be reclaimed as soon as possible. Detailed site inspection by terrain or soils specialist is recommended.

H High

Long2 slopes. Sandy-silt glaciolacustrine materials on moderate slopes (26-50%). Clayey-silt glaciolacustrine materials on moderately steep slopes (50-70%). Till and coarse-textured glaciolacustrine beach sediments on steep slopes (>70%).

Problems may exist with water channelized onto or over these sites. Care should be taken to prevent erosion, especially near areas where sediment delivery into the stream network is likely. Mitigation measures should be employed during road construction. Detailed site inspection by terrain or soils specialist is recommended.

M Moderate

Short3 to long slopes. Clayey-silt glaciolacustrine material on moderate slopes (26-50%). Moderately steep till and coarse-textured glaciolacustrine beach slopes (50-70%).

Problems likely to occur with water channelized down road ditches and across disturbed areas. Water management is key. Plan additional measures to reduce sediment production where entry into stream network is likely.

L Low

Short slopes. Gentle fine-textured glaciolacustrine slopes (5-25%).Gentle to moderate till and coarse-textured glaciolacustrine beach slopes (5-50%). Poor to rapid drainage, with a small catchment area for water.

Erosion limited to channels and stream banks. Minor erosion of fines from ditch lines and disturbed soils may occur.

VL Very Low

Flat or gently sloping terrain. Very poor to imperfect drainage. Examples include organics soils, floodplains and rock outcrops.

Low concern for sediment production.

2 Refers to terrain with >150 m between slope breaks (BC MOF, 1991). 3 Refers to terrain with <150 m between slope breaks (BC MOF, 1991).


Page A5 – 15

8.1.2 Risk Assessment

The soil erosion potential class provides only the probability that exposed mineral soil will erode; it does not provide a measure of the likelihood that sediment produced will enter a stream network. Once the erosion potential of a site has been assessed the risk of potential impacts to downstream receivers (e.g. water bodies) needs to be determined. This risk is described as consequence ratings.

A consequence rating is the potential for sediment to cause unacceptable environmental consequences (expressed as a scale of low, moderate or high). Table 2 identifies consequence ratings for site scenarios.

If the erosion potential is low, and there is no risk of impact on downstream receivers, ESC measures will consist of good housekeeping practices implemented on the site. Along stream courses and wetlands, the erosion potential management implications become more serious. As the erosion potential and consequence rating increases, ESC measures will be more carefully designed, constructed and monitored. Near Eaglet Lake, Bateman Creek and Jules Creek are examples of areas where prudent erosion management is important. Table 2 has been used as a guide to determine ESC requirements in consideration of downstream receivers. ESC measures are discussed further in Section 9.0 Project-Specific Mitigation.

Table 2: ESC Requirements and Downstream Receivers

Erosion Potential

Potential Impacts to Downstream Receivers

Consequence Rating

Minimum Degree of ESC Required

Very Low to Low

No Low Good housekeeping

practices

Yes Moderate ESC Measures

Moderate to Very High

No Moderate ESC Measures

Yes High Extensive ESC measures

and monitoring.

9.0 PROJECT-SPECIFIC MITIGATION

The priority areas for erosion and sediment management are the overland conveyor/maintenance road route and the quarry site, since these areas are largely vegetated and will have organic layers and topsoil to manage, whereas the processing plant site is predominately cleared. ESC measures at the plant site will include the installation of silt fences to retain any soil or silt from reaching Bateman Creek or Eaglet Lake (Figure 4).

Erosion and sediment management will be important along the overland conveyor/maintenance road route since this corridor traverses forested ecosystems, watercourses and riparian areas. Only regular maintenance activities are anticipated to occur along Bateman Creek Road (i.e., grading). Key areas for erosion and sediment management are shown on Figure 5. In-stream and near-stream works will be completed in accordance with the Fish and Fish Habitat management Plan (Appendix 3). As designs develop for access road upgrades and the overland conveyor/maintenance road, site specific prescriptions for ESC will be developed particularly for watercourse crossings. The ESCP will be updated to include these site-specific prescriptions.

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Page A5 – 18

Management of surface water at the quarry site will require significant attention during the construction phase, with various erosion control prescriptions being implemented consistent with permit requirements. The water management system at the quarry site will be comprised of a network of ditches, pipes, pumps and sedimentation ponds to collect runoff and associated fine sediments from the proposed site. It is currently assumed that surface run-off from these facilities will be of suitable quality for discharge after being treated by the sedimentation ponds where necessary (BGC, 2015d). Comprehensive information on the proposed water management system at the quarry site is described in the Water Management Plan developed for the Project. The detailed plan will be implemented concurrent with the construction phase to ensure compliance with associated permits to discharge.

9.1 Erosion and Sediment Control Best Management Practices

An objective of ESCP is to develop and implement measures that will prevent potential sedimentation. The first step to preventing sedimentation is to prevent erosion, therefore erosion control within active areas will focus on source control. This is the most effective strategy because if potential sources of erosion are properly managed then sediment control will be reduced or unnecessary.

When needed, sediment control will focus on supplementing where erosion control methods have been insufficient or erosion has occurred in unexpected areas. Multiple methods are discussed in this management plan to provide options that can be tailored to the type of erosion and sedimentation that can be reduced.

There are numerous potential sources of erosion and sediment transport. Key areas of concern for the site include:

Sites with moderate to high erosion potential, which are connected to downstream receivers. (e.g., steeper slopes which have the greatest potential for wind and water induced erosion upstream of water bodies);

Heavy rainfall events and large discharges of water during freshet, which may create problem areas that are difficult to control if not properly managed. These precipitation events will trigger an action and response plan for ESC, which is detailed further below in Section 10.0 Action and Response Plan; and

Heavily trafficked areas and land disturbance caused by heavy equipment, which can be a continuous source of soil displacement and compaction. With compaction, infiltration is reduced and surface water has a greater potential for erosion. Planning activities before commencing heavy equipment and construction work will help limit the disturbed footprint and mitigate erosion potential.

Additional ESC planning will include targeting problem areas that are susceptible to erosion based on the methods described in Section 8.0 Erosion Potential and Risk Assessment, and developing measures to minimize its effects at those sites. Mitigation measures that will be considered and implemented onsite are discussed in the following section.

Multiple control methods are discussed below to provide options that can be tailored to the type of erosion and sedimentation to be prevented or reduced. Onsite applications will be determined based on site-specific factors. The selected measures will be installed based on site-specific conditions and as prescribed by the Qualified Environmental Professional and/or Independent Environmental Monitor. The roles are defined in the main body of the CEMP.


Page A5 – 19

9.1.1 General Considerations

Best Management Practices (BMPs) for erosion and sediment control will be implemented for all work undertaken and a greater level of consideration and planning will occur for those key areas of concern identified above. BMPs implemented at the site will include:

Where possible, soil disturbance in areas with moderate to high erosion potential will be avoided during very wet and very dry weather. Appropriate equipment will be selected and traffic will be limited through these areas to minimize disturbance;

Existing vegetation will be kept intact whenever possible to provide erosion control, sediment management and a source for local seed;

Steepness and/or length of slopes will be minimized whenever possible, in sloped areas being disturbed;

During construction temporary erosion and sediment control measures (e.g. silt fencing) will be installed properly and where appropriate for immediate protection of water quality from sediment in stormwater runoff; and

Seeding and other revegetation techniques will be implemented to initiate and establish long-term erosion protection.

The BC Aggregate Operators Best Management Practices Handbook for British Columbia provides strategies, BMPs and other control measures that can be used to reduce to reduce the risk of erosion (Table 3).

Table 3: Strategies and BMPs for Erosion and Sediment Control

Prevention Treatment Inspections Buffer Zone Bioengineering Ditches Erosion Control Blanket Tarping Vegetation Cover Benching Hydroseeding Limit Clearing Tree Protection

Check Dam Ditches Outlet Protection Retention Basin Settling Pond Silt Fence Swales

Post storm events Regular weekly

9.1.2 Erosion Control

Revegetation of exposed soils will be completed as quickly as possible, however interim measures to control erosion may include covering exposed soils with polyethylene sheets, geotextiles, straw or other appropriate material. These materials can offer immediate and temporary erosion control and if properly installed and anchored, they can provide complete isolation of the erodible surfaces from the effects of wind and water erosion. However, because these materials are susceptible to tearing or movement by wind and heavy rainfall events, their use is only suited for emergency responses or for short term protection in an area where materials will not be disturbed. Also, they require inspection and maintenance until more permanent erosion measures, such as revegetation, can be implemented.


Page A5 – 20

As earthworks during construction progresses, run-off will be managed by swales, ditches and sumps. During heavy rainfall and thawing events, water movement onsite can be significant. Strategically placed ditches and runoff collection structures can help direct water movement onsite by reducing the total amount of water and reducing its interaction with erosion prone sites.

Diversion ditches will be constructed at various locations to divert clean surface water around key work areas (e.g. the quarry pit). Diversion ditching will minimize potential contamination of clean surface water by construction activities.

Diversion ditches have been designed to collect and divert surface runoff to manage volumes anticipated at the quarry site (refer to the Water Management Plan Appendix 5.3-6 of the Application).

Cut and fill slopes created during the overland conveyor/maintenance road construction can leave long runs of exposed soils that are prone to erosion. Creating an intercepting ditch above the cut slope, will catch water and direct it to less erosion prone areas, thereby reducing runoff over sensitive regions.

Coarse rock and equipment located onsite can be used to build ditches and dams, provided that the rock is clean. Clay or other materials may be incorporated to make water retaining structures impermeable.

9.1.3 Re-contouring and Surface Features

The accumulation of water and its movement over exposed soil surfaces can trigger soil particle movement offsite. The impact is largely dependent on runoff velocity. Re-contouring methods can reduce this effect by shortening the length and decreasing the angle of the slope.

Roughing up and loosening the surface area will impede water infiltration and improve its capacity for absorption. Creating undulations or troughs parallel to steep slopes will also reduce overland water movement velocity.

These types of improvements can increase the effectiveness of other BMPs. With heavy equipment available they are easily planned and constructed onsite, however, re-contouring and site preparation is only the first step in establishing successful permanent structures.

9.1.4 Revegetation

A vegetative layer can be established on exposed slopes and, once established, eliminates the need for continual monitoring and maintenance by protecting the lighter, organic soil fractions from being displaced, retaining moisture, and preventing slope destabilization. Establishing permanent areas of vegetation, or the temporary seeding of hardy, fast growing species, can offer short or long term erosion control.

The choice of vegetation species will depend on many factors, such as availability, hardiness and emergence. Two important factors in choosing vegetation well suited specifically for erosion control are those that provide roughness on the site surface, and have extensive rooting systems that will break up the top layer of soil. Both of these factors will improve water infiltration into the soil.


Page A5 – 21

Seedbed preparations for vegetation establishment on steep slopes will have to be considered for those sites where it is determined to be a concern, and could include slope stabilization, stream course protection through the use of mats and mulch or organic matter application. Soil properties including organic matter content and nutrient level must also be addressed to promote successful revegetation. Seed use for erosion and sediment control should be sourced from a reputable provider and must be free of invasive plant species. Also refer to the Vegetation Management Plan and the Reclamation and Closure Plan.

9.1.5 Silt Fencing

Installing silt fence as a sediment control measure is a common method employed for level areas with diffuse erosion potential from sheeting on light soils. Geotextile materials, stretched along stakes, are used to protect downslope areas and prevent further movement of the sediment as it is being transported. Settling of coarser material occurs as the runoff ponds upstream of the fence. Silt fencing, is not appropriate for heavy flow areas and requires regular maintenance. Silt fencing will be used at the plant site during construction to protect Bateman Creek and Eaglet Lake.

9.1.6 Sediment Ponds

Sediment ponds will also be part of the ESC strategy for the proposed Project and will be constructed as part of the WMP for the quarry site. Four sedimentation ponds and associated engineered channels will be constructed at the quarry site. Pond designs were based on hydrotechnical and geotechnical analyses. Comprehensive information on the sediment ponds proposed for the quarry site can be found in Permit Level Sediment Ponds Geotechnical Assessment (BGC, 2015e).

9.1.6.1.1 Flocculant Management Settling aids (flocculants) will be considered to assist in settling problematic sediments and if water management structures are unable to reduce TSS to meet water quality guidelines prior to discharge. The flocculant is usually blended in a dry form and added directly to the inflow line into the sediment pond. The use of flocculants must be specifically authorized before they are applied onsite, and as such they will be regulated as part of construction and operations phase permits and will be non-toxic to the receiving aquatic environment.

10.0 ACTION AND RESPONSE PLAN

Construction activities at sites with moderate to high consequence ratings (e.g. sites with high erosion potential, instream activities, and near stream activities) and precipitation events will trigger additional ESC inspection, maintenance and monitoring activities. The IEM will complete a visual inspection of onsite ESC measures at a minimum once every seven days, and 24 hours after any rainfall event greater than 1cm of rain per 24-hour period.

In addition to regular ESC inspections and maintenance, prior to anticipated storm or heavy-rain events the IEM will inspect ESC measures implemented at sites with moderate to high consequence ratings.

Ditches will be examined during heavy runoff and the outlets of culverts and pipes visually inspected to ensure that roads and other permanent structures are not being compromised and sediment loads are not becoming excessive.


Page A5 – 22

During instream or near stream activities, turbidity and/or total suspended solids (TSS) will be frequently measured onsite at various monitoring stations (i.e. event-based sampling) determined by the IEM prior to the onset of activities. Event-based sampling will be completed as part of the Water Quality Management Plan (Appendix 2) to ensure site activities are not impacting water bodies. Rainfall and the results of event-based sampling will trigger the ESC Action and Response Plan (Table 4).

If turbidity and/or TSS exceed water quality criteria the IEM has the authority to stop construction activities that may be impacting downstream receivers until an effective ESC strategy can be implemented.

Giscome Quarry and Lime Plant Appendix 5 Construction Environmental Management Plan Erosion and Sediment Control Plan

Page A5 – 23

Table 4: ESC Action and Response Plan

Triggers for ESC Action and Response Plan

Level 0 Triggers Level 1 Triggers Level 2 Triggers Level 3 Triggers

Turbidity, or pH exceeds BC Water Quality Guidelines at downstream monitoring points.

Some precipitation has occurred, < 10mm in 1hr, < 40mm in 24hrs. Turbidity, or pH exceeds BC Water Quality Guidelines at downstream monitoring points.

Extreme precipitation has occurred, > 10mm in 1hr, < 40mm in 24hrs. Turbidity, or pH exceeds BC Water Quality Guidelines at downstream monitoring points.

Extended precipitation has occurred, > 10mm in 1hr, > 40mm in 24hrs. Turbidity, or pH exceeds BC Water Quality Guidelines at downstream monitoring points.


Page A5 – 24

Responsible Party

Action / Response Action / Response Action / Response Action / Response

Independent Environmental Monitor (IEM)

Undertake turbidity and TSS sampling as per the Water Quality Management Plan. Monitor weather conditions and advise construction supervisor if site preparations are needed. Identify opportunities for mitigation measures to be implemented proactively as construction progresses. Undertake daily inspections of work areas to monitor effectiveness of mitigation measures in place and identify corrective measures as needed. Provide weekly reporting to Graymont. Provide monthly reporting to regulators or as needed.

Undertake turbidity and TSS sampling as per the Water Quality Management Plan. Monitor weather conditions and advise construction supervisor if site preparations are needed. Undertake upstream monitoring investigation to identify potential sources of erosion/sedimentation. Undertake inspections of work areas that may be potential point sources of erosion/sedimentation to ensure mitigation measures are effective. Determine if maintenance or additional measures are necessary. Provide weekly reporting to Graymont. Provide monthly reporting to regulators or as needed.

Undertake turbidity and TSS sampling as per the Water Quality Management Plan. Monitor weather conditions and advise construction supervisor if site preparations are needed. Undertake upstream monitoring investigation to identify potential sources of erosion/sedimentation. Undertake inspections of work areas that may be potential point sources of erosion/sedimentation to ensure mitigation measures are effective. Determine if maintenance or additional measures are necessary. Consider a Halt Work Order based on site conditions. Advise Construction Supervisor if contingency measures are needed or if work must be halted. Provide monthly reporting to regulators or as needed.

Undertake turbidity and TSS sampling as per the Water Quality Management Plan. Monitor weather conditions and advise construction supervisor if site preparations are needed. Undertake upstream monitoring investigation to identify potential sources of erosion/sedimentation. Undertake inspections of work areas that may be potential point sources of erosion/sedimentation to ensure mitigation measures are effective. Determine if maintenance or additional measures are necessary. Advise Construction Supervisor if contingency measures are needed or if work must be halted. Issue Halt Work Order based on conditions. Provide weekly reporting to Graymont. Provide monthly reporting to regulators or as needed.


Page A5 – 25

Responsible Party

Action / Response Action / Response Action / Response Action / Response

Construction Supervisor

Supervise day-to-day construction. As construction progresses, assign installation of ESC measures proactively. Identify areas to be developed next so that ESC planning can occur. Monitor compliance with ESCP. Implement disciplinary action for construction workforce if non-compliance with the ESCP is observed.

Assign installation and/or maintenance of ESC measures as directed by the IEM. Inspect constructed works and ESC measures to check that the capacity of the works/measures will not be exceeded based on anticipated precipitation. Identify additional resources required to undertake corrective measures. Monitor compliance with the ESCP. Implement disciplinary action for construction workforce if non-compliance with the ESCP is observed.

Assign installation and/or maintenance of ESC measures as directed by the IEM. Inspect constructed works and ESC measures to check that the capacity of the works/measures will not be exceeded based on anticipated precipitation. Identify additional resources required to undertake corrective measures. Monitor compliance with the ESCP. Implement disciplinary action for construction workforce if non-compliance with the ESCP is observed.

Assign installation and/or maintenance of ESC measures as directed by the IEM. Halt work based on site conditions. Identify additional resources required to undertake corrective measures. Monitor compliance with the ESCP. Implement disciplinary action for construction workforce if non-compliance with the ESCP is observed.

Construction Workforce

Implement ESC measures based on the direction of the Construction Supervisor.

Implement ESC measures based on the direction of the Construction Supervisor.

Implement ESC measures based on the direction of the Construction Supervisor. Identify and report any breaches of ESC structures or where maintenance is required to the Construction Supervisor.

Implement ESC measures based on the direction of the Construction Supervisor. Identify and report any breaches of ESC structures or where maintenance is required to the Construction Supervisor.

Qualified Environmental Professional (QEP) or Qualified Professional (QP)

Provide technical advice to the IEM on mitigation measures.





Page A5 – 26

11.0 EFFECTIVENESS MONITORING

Effectiveness monitoring will rely on compliance with recommended mitigation measures or other commitments made by the proponent with respect to the control of erosion and sedimentation.

Evidence of initial erosion can be visually inspected by searching for light surface material (litter or soil) movement, while sedimentation resulting from erosion can be found by searching for deposition of soil particles at the bottom of slopes and depressions. Rilling, gullying, unusual compaction, and muddy runoff are also indicators of erosion problems.

11.1 IEM Responsibilities

The IEM will be responsible for monitoring the effectiveness of this ESCP and adapting it to address site specific conditions and activities as construction progresses. During operation, closure and post-closure phases of the Project the responsibility will shift to the operations supervisor or other appointed persons. The IEM will also provide input to site-specific work plans.

The IEM will be responsible for documenting the mitigation measures used onsite, as well as indicating where there are deficiencies. The IEM will regularly monitor the mitigation measures implemented according to the Action and Response Plan (Table 4) and will communicate compliance or non-compliance, and or incidents with appropriate regulatory authorities as necessary. Reporting to Graymont will occur weekly (Appendix 13) and to regulators monthly or as needed. In an emergency event or circumstance reporting will be completed in accordance with reporting requirements described in the main body of the CEMP and may include an Environmental Incident Report (Appendix 14) and a Halt Work Report (Appendix 15).

To summarize IEM responsibilities with respect to erosion and sediment control include:

1. Inspecting work areas for compliance, specifically:

Proposed construction mitigation measures; Relevant federal, and provincial regulations; and Sediment control designs and construction practices described elsewhere in the CEMP,

and in this ESCP.

2. Identifying and assessing actual and potential issues regarding erosion and sedimentation due to construction activities.

3. Reporting minor day-to-day modifications or variances to the design.

4. Recommending additional preventative and mitigation measures, should existing ones not be adequate for managing erosion and sedimentation.

5. Identifying locations for event-based sampling during site work with moderate to high consequence ratings and directing water quality monitoring in accordance with the Water Quality Management Plan in consultation with a QEP.

6. Implementing the action and response plan for erosion and sediment control described above.

7. Documenting mitigation measures used onsite and reporting to Graymont and regulators.


Page A5 – 27

12.0 REFERENCES

BGC. 2015a. Giscome Project Permit Level Limestone Fines and Soil Stockpile Geotechnical Assessment - Revision 1. BGC Engineering Inc., June 26.

BGC. 2015b. Giscome Project Permit Level Quarry Slope Stability Assessment - Final. BGC Engineering Inc., February 16.

BGC. 2015c. Giscome Quarry and Lime Plant Project Environmental Assessment – Hydrogeology Baseline Report – Final Revision 1. BGC Engineering Inc., June 20.

BGC. 2015d. Water Management Plan

BGC. 2015e. Giscome Project Permit Level Sediment Ponds Geotechnical Assessment – Final. BGC Engineering Inc., April 23, 2015.

BC MOE (Ministry of Environment), 2015. Technical Guidance 3, Developing a Mining and Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, Version 1.0, February 2015.

BC MOF (Ministry of Forests), 1991. Basic Soil Interpretations for Forest Development Planning: Surface Soil Erosion and Soil Compaction, Land Management Report Number 63, Victoria, BC, October 1991

BC MEM (Ministry of Energy and Mines), Aggregate Operators Best Management Practices Handbook for British Columbia. Volume 1, April 2002.Dahrouge. 2008. 2007 Diamond Drilling of the PAT Claims and Regional Exploration in the Hansard Area. Dahrouge Geological Consulting Ltd.

Madrone. 2007. Volume II: Environmental Assessment 10. Terrain and Soils. Draft Report Section prepared for Graymont Western Canada Inc. as part of the Environmental Assessment, Madrone Environmental Services Ltd.

BC Resources Inventory Committee (RIC). 1996. Guidelines and Standards to Terrain Mapping in British Columbia. Surficial Geology Task Group, Earth Sciences Task Force, Victoria, BC.

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