Apollo Soyuz Test Project Fact Sheet

8/4/2019 Apollo Soyuz Test Project Fact Sheet

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APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECTUSA - USSR

RELEASE NO: 74-196


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TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . .STf General . . . .ommand and Service ModuleDocking Module and Docking 3ystern.. . . . . . . . . . . .xperiments . . . . . . . . . .aunch Vehicle

. . . . .lanned E s s i o n Summary.U.S. Space Vehicle Configuration .. . . . . . . . .rew AssignmentsASTP Funding and Budget Request . .. . . . . .STP Major Cont rac to r s . . . . . .r i n c i pa l Inves t iga to r s. . . . . . .stronaut Biographies . . . . . . .osmonaut Biographies


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APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECTThe Apollo Soyuz Test Pro jec t (ASTP) i s a j o i n t

endeavor o f the United s a t e s and t h e Soviet Union aspart of the agreement on coopera tion i n space whichPres ident Nixon and Chairman Kosygin signed in Moscow inMay of 1972. Both countries have agreed ta developcompatible rendezvous and docking systems which dl1 pro-vide a basis f o r docking and rescue on future spacecraftof both nations, and t o conduct a joint experimental mix-s ion i n mid-1975 to rendezvous and dock a manned Apollospacecraft w i t h a manned Soyus-type spacecraf t t o testt he s e docking systems in o r b i t . Each nat ion is separatelydeveloping docking systems based on a mutually agreeablesingle s e t of i n t e r f a c e design specifications.The major new U.S . program elements a re t h e DockingModule and docking system necessary t o achieve compatibi-lity af rendezvous and docking systems with t h e USSR-developed hardware t o be used on a Soyuz spacecraf t . TheDocking Module and system together with an Apollo Commandand Service Module (CSM) w i l l be launched on a Saturn I Blaunch vehicle. The Docking Module and the docking systemw i l l be stowed in t h e spacecraft launch veh ic l e a d a p t e r andext,racted by t h e CSM while i n Earth orbit i n a m a n n e r

similar t o that used w i th t h e Lunar Module on an Apollolunar mission.The ASTP mission will include t e s t i ng a compatiblerendezvous system in o r b i t ; testing the compatible dockingsystems; verifying techniques for t r a n s f e r of ast ronautsand cosmonauts; conducting experiments w h i l e docked andundecked; developing experience f o r t h e conduct of poten-t i a l j o i n t flights by U.S. and USSR spacecraf t , inc luding ,i n case of necess i ty , rendering aid i n emergency situations.Joint US/USSR working groups have been meeting on ascheduled basis to review and agree on the technical andopera t ional aspects of t h e j o i n t project .


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APOLLO/SOYUZ - TEST MISSION RADIO COMRlUNlCATlONS LINKSh ATS-F

-259.7 MHz%412175 MHz

RANG I N G AND VOICE

2272.5 M H z 2106.4 MHzAND AND OR

N A SA HQ MA74-5308


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ASTPNEW COMPATIBLE DOCKING SYSTEM

ACT I V E DOCKING SYSTEMPASS IVE WCKf NG SYSTEM

DY -WLIWTED AT TENUATORSU l C H E S 7

NASA HQ MAJ3-54742-26-73


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EXPERIMENTS AND ATS-F LOCATION SCHEMATIC

ZONE FORMING FUNGI (USSR1SOFTX-RAYSURVEY TRACK,NG

HIGH GAIN ANTENMAPOWER AMPLIFIER

EARTH OBSERVATIONSDOPPLER RECEIVERANTENNA

NASA H Q M74-6705-0REV. 4-25-74


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Command and Serv ice ModuleThe Apollo s p a c e c ra f t w i l l be a modified v e r s i o n oft h e Command and Service Moduf e ( C S M ) flown during t h e

first several lunar landing miss ions , Major CSM modifi-ca t ions include provisions f o r experiments, a d d i t i o n a lpropel lant t an k s for the reaction c o n t r o l system and t h ea d d i t i o n of controls and displays required for t h e properoperat ion of t h e Pocking Module and docking system.Dockjng Module and Docking System

The Docking Module i s cylindrical, approximately1.5 meters (about 5 f e e t ) in diameter and 3 meters (about10 feet) i n leng th . It will serve as an a i r l c c k f o r t h ei n t e r n a l t r a n s f e r of crewmen between t h e d i f f e r e n t atmo-spheres of t h e Apollo and Soyu z spacecraf t . The DockingModule w i l l be equipped w i t h r ad io and TV communications,an tennas , s t o r e d gases, heaters, and t h e displays andc o n t r o l s necessary f o r transfer opera t ions .

The Docking Module is designed t o handle t w o crewmensimultaneously. Hatches having c o n t r o l s on both sides willbe installed at each end of t h e module. A universaldocking system w i l l be l o ca t ed at t h e S o p a end of t h emodule and t s i l l be capable of f unc t i on i ng w i t h similarcomponents on t h e Soyuz-type sp acec r a f t . The Apollo endof t h e Docking Module w i l l use t h e probe and drogue dockingsystem used d u r i n g t h e Apollo lunar program t o permitdocking between the Command Module and Lunar Module.

In o r b i t , Apollo's atmosphere i s pure oxygen a t apressure of five pounds per square inch. Soyuz uses amixture of nitrogen and oxygen a t an E a r t h sea l e v e lpressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch. (Latter NASAspacecraf t such as t h e Space Shuttle will use nitrogen-oxygen at sea l e v e l pressure, 9While t h e spacecraf t a re docked, t h e Soyuz pressure

w i l l be reduced from its normal 14.7 pounds per squarei n c h t o 10 pounds. This w i l l make it p o s s i b l e f o r crew-men to t r a n s f e r f r o m Soyuz to Apolla without taking t imei n t h e a i r l o c k t o breathe pure oxygen and f o r c e ni t rogenfrom t h e i r blood. Apollo pressure w i l l remain a t f i v epounds.


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The Docking Module design emphasized low c o s t construc-t i o n made possible by t h e launch weight margin inheren t in t h euse of the Sa tu rn I3 launch vehicle, Thick aluminum plate waaused r a t h e r than honeycomb, r e su l t i ng in a considerable reduc-t i o n i n s t r u c t u r a l cost.The Soviet Soyuz w i l l also be modif jed. One importantmodi f i ca t ion w i l l . be t h e use of a compatible rendezvous anddock ing system which NASA and Soviet eng i n e e~ s r e designing.Th i s system w i l l also be employed on t h e end of t h e DockingModule wi t h which Soy l l z will dock.Soyuz has been t h e primary Soviet manned spacecra f ts i n c e i t s i n t roduc t i on in 1967. It cons i s t s of three basicmodules:

- Cb-bital module, located at t h e forward end, usedby t h e crew for work and r e s t during o rb i t . It is 3.35 meters(7.3 feet in diameter , 2.65 meters ( 8 . 7 feet l o n g , andweighs about 1,224 kg (2,700 pounds).Descent module, with main cont ro l s and crew couches,used by c r ew d u r i n g launch, descent , and landing.about 2,802 kg (6,200 pounds) and is 2 .2 metersInstrument module, at r e a r , wi th subsystems requiredfor power communications, propulsion, and other funct ions. Itweighs 2,b54 kg ( 5 , 8 5 0 pounds) and i s 2.3 meters (7.5 f e e t ) long.

ExperimentsW i n g t h e ASTP mission, t h e crew w i l l conduct importantnew sc i ence , applications, technology and medical experiments.The science experiments se lec ted for t h e mission inc ludeastronomical observations in a region of t h e electromagneticspectrum which has not been sys temat ica l ly surveyed by satel-

lite instruments. The astronomical regions should s i gn i f i c an t l yadvance understanding of some of t h e spec tacu la r new c lassesof objects discovered i n t h e last few years (such as quasars,pulsars, and X-ray sources), and also provide important informa-t i o n on t h e na tu re of the i n t e r s t e l l a r medium. In add i t i on ,atmospheric observations w i l l be conducted using a new tech-nique for measuring atmospheric cons t i tuen t s which a r e t o ochemically r e ac t i v e t o measure d i r e c t l y wi th a mass spectro-meter. T h i s is a j o i n t experiment with t h e USSR and w i l l beaccomplished by sending an op t i c a l signal f r om t h e CSM t o ar e f l e c t o r on t h e Soyu z .


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The s i g n a l w T l l be bounced back and scanned in t h eApollo spacecraft to study t h e e f f e c t s of t h e sun onatomic oxygen and ni t rogen at o r b i t a l a l t i t u d e s . Theseobservations a r e important for a better understanding oft h e chemistry and the energy balance of t h e upper atmosphere.Data f r o m these experirnenbs could lead t o a better under-s tanding of t h e evolut ion of stars , of t h e emission pro-cesses which could lead t o new methods of energy genera-t i o n , and of t h e i n t e r a c t i o n of t h e upper and lower atmo-sphere where weather is generated,

The experiments i n the field of a p p l i c a t i o n s andtechnology w i l l i nves t i ga t e t h e space processing of newmaterial samples in zero g rav i t y utilizing an improvedmultipurpose furnace, and make earth observations t odetermine d e t a i l e d grav i ty features and geo log ica l struc-t u r e s which could i n d i c a t e the presence of o i l and mineraldeposits. Also inc luded is an experiment fn electrophore-sis processing. An e l e c t r i c f i e l d is used to separatel i v i n g c e l l s and o t h e r b i o l o g i c a l materials from a flowingmedium without decreasing their a c t i v i t y , It is expectedto determine whether t h e near zero g ra v i ty conditionsenhance a similar process now involved in work by t h e MaxPlanck I n s t i t u t e in Germany.Successful demonstrat ion by ASTP could lead t o furtherdevelopment of space e l e c t r ophor e s i s in Shuttle missionsas a tool f o r medical r esearch and therapy and cont r ibu te

to such fields as immunology and cancer research.The l i f e sc i e n c e s experiments i nc lude extension ofwork done i n the Apollo and Skylab programs, such asa d d i t i o n a l study of the phenomena o f the cosmic l i g h tflashes observed by f l i g h t crews and s t u d i e s of the effectsof zero g r av i t y and r a d i a t i o n on organisms. Sbudies w i l lalso be conducted on pre and post f l i g h t as t ronaut bloodsamples to determine, among o t he r things, immunity re t en-tion. There a r e also joint US/USSR life sc ience experimentsplanned, such a s an experiment designed t o determine thedegree of transfer of micro-organism and microflora between

crew members and t h e two s p a c e c r a f t involved i n t h i s mission.This experiment is designed to take advantage of a missioninvolving two spacecraf t launched from widely sepa ra t edground environmen*~.


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APOLLO/SOYUZ TEST PROJECTLAUNCH CONFIGURATION FOR

APOLLO CSM AND DOCKING MODULE

LAUNCH ESCAPE SYSTEM

I

ScAVlCE NoP lnE (9)

WCKIffi ~ W L EPr3SPACECRAFT LA UNHAMPTER ISLA ) OCl tP r n T

SATUAl l IIWKM VMIQE

.AULHSTRUCTURE

NASA HQ MA7344712-26-73


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ASTP MAJOR APOLLO MODIFICATIONSMODIFIED UMBILICAL a MODIFIED CONTROLS

TO ACCOMODATE AND DISPLAYS TODOCKING MODULE ACCOMPDATT NEWFUNCTIONS EQUIPMENT ANDEXPERIMENTS

m ADDED TELEVISIONCAMERA & RECORDER rn ADDED EQUIPMENT FORFOR COVERAGE Q F COMM. AND TV VIAJOINT ACTIVITIES ATS-F SATELLITE

m ADDED HEATERS AND m ADDED PROPELlANTINSULATION TO STORAGE MODULEPROPELEANT SYSTEMS FOR INCREASEDFOR SOLAR INERTIAL ATTITUDE CONTROLATTITUDE AND BACK-UPDEORBtT CAPABILITY

a DELETED UNUSED MAINPROPELLANT TANKS ADDED EXPERIMENTS

IN CM & SMMODIFIED CM STOWAGE m ADDED INTERVEHICULARINTEUCOMM. IN CM

N A S A H O MA73-6336REV. 1-25-74

ADDED VHF-FM AT USSRFREQUENCY IN GM

rn DELEfED RENDEZVOUSRADAR TRANSPONDERFROM CUl


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SOYUZ VEHICLE

ORBITAL MCDULE

DESCENT VEHICLE


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Launch VehicleASTP will u t i l i z e Apoll+Skylab Saturn IB Launch vehiclehardware. The Saturn IB, consist ing of an S I B stage, anS I V B stage, and an ins t rument uni t , w i l l launch t h e spaee-c r a f t from the Kennedy Space Center.

Planned Mission SummaryThe Soyuz w 5 l l be launched from t h e Baikonur, Kazakhstanlaunch complex at about 1220 GNT* on July 15, 1975, in anor theas te r ly d i r e c t i o n and is inse r ted i n t o a 188- by 228;km(117- by 142-s ta tu te mile) orbit a t an i n c l i n a t i o n of 51.8 .On t h e f o u r t h o r b i t a f t e r If t - o f f t h e Soyuo will i n i t i a t e

t h e first of t w o maneuvers t o circularize t h e orbit at 225 h(140 s t a t u t e miles) . The second maneuver for circularizationw i l l occur on the 17th Soyuz o r b i t .About; seven hours 30 minutes a f t e r Soyuz launch (1950 GMT),t h e Apollo w i l l be launched from the Kennedy Space Center i n anortheasterly direction and w i l l be i n s e r t e d i n t o a 150- by167-#jm ((83- by 104-statute m i l e ) orbit w i t h an inc l ina t ion of51.8 . About 1 hour a f t e r Apollo o r b i t i n se r t i o n , t h e Apollo

CSM will begin the t r a n s p o s i t i o n and docking procedure t oextract t h e Docking Module (DM) r om t h e launch vehic le . Thee x t r a c t i o n of the DM will be completed by 9 hours 14.minutesSoyuz, Ground Elapsed T i m e (GET). An evasive maneuver of1 meter per second (raps) ( 3 . 3 f e e t p e r second) posigrade toavoid recontact w i t h the launch vehic le will raise apogee t oabout 167 la ( lob s t a t u t e miles).

The Apollo spacecra f t wi l l perform a c i r c u l a r i a a t i o n ma-neuver at third apogee t o e s t a b l i s h a controlled Apollo rendez-vous maneuver sequence. The rendezvous sequence establishesa s tandard geometry final approach t o t h e Soyuz spacecraft .The f i r s t phasiw maneuver (NCP) , which occurs a t about 13 hours12 minutes Soyuz GET, i s an in-plane, horizontal maneuverdesigned to a d ju s t t h e r a t e of change of t h e phase angle bychanging t h e o r b i t a l period. If necessary, a plane changemaneuver (NPC) w i l l be performed a f t e r NCl and before t h esecond phasing maneuver t o place the Apollo in plane w i t h th eSoyuz at rendezvous. The plane change maneuver w i l l completethe first day of maneuver a c t i v i t i e s for each crew.

* Moscow t i m e is obtained by adding 3 hours t o Greenwich meantime. Eastern Standard T i m e i s obtained by s u b t r a c t i n g 5hours from Greenwich mean t i m e .


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The Say-ue c i r c u l a r i z a t i o n maneuver to establish t h ef ina l rendezvous and docking o r b i t w i l l occur on the 1 7 t hSoyuz o r b i t . Eight hours l a t e r , at about 32 hours 22minutes, a nominally zero phasing c o r r e c t i on maneuver(PCM) i s scheduled f o r t h e Apollo which would cor rec tfor any phasing e r r o r s which might have occurred at N C 1and at t h e Soyuz ~ L r c u l a r i z a t i o n aneuver, The secondphas i ng maneuver ( N C ~ ) , at l+8 hours 34 minutes Soyuz GET,is a n in-plane , horizontal maneuver t o adjust the altituded i f f e r e n c e w i t h respect t o t h e Soyuz. Following NC2,t h e cor rec t ive combination maneuver (NCC) is performedat 49 hours and 18 minutes Soyu z GET. The NCC maneuverc o n t r o l s t h e phasing, the differential a l t i t u d e , and thed i f f e r e n t i a l plane between the t w o spacecra f t at t h ec o e l l i p t i c maneuver point . Fin a l ly , t h e c o e l l i p t i cmaneuver (NSR), at 49 hours and 55 minutes Soyuz GET,establishes an o r b i t which maintains a near constant d i f -f r e n t i a l a l t i t u d e between t h e t w o spacecraf t .

Docking w i l l o c c u r p r i o r t o darkness which is at1645 GMT, dur ing t h e 36th Soyuz o r b i t . The t i m e of dock-in g on t h e 29th ApoZlo revolution i s approximately 5 1 hours55 minutes Soyuz GET.The amount o f t i m e which w i l l be spent w t t h t h eApollo docked to t h e Soyuz i s approximately 2 days.After final undocking from the Soyuz (fol lowing redockingexerc i ses ) , at approximately 99 hours 15 minutes Soyus

GET, the Apal lo wi l l perform a 1 mps posigrade maneuvert o avoid recontact, after which each spacecraf t will con-duct independent activities. The Soyux will continue ino r b i t for approximately 43 hours a f t e r separation, l andingat about 142 hours Soyuz GET in Kazakhstan. The Apollow i l l continue i n orbit f o r approximate ly 6 days afterseparation, l and ing i n t h e P a c i f i c Ocean near Hawaii.U.S. Space Vehicle Configuration

The Saturn IB launch vehic le , Apollo spacecraf t , andother major hardware des igned fo r t h e Apollo Soyuz TestP r o j e c t mission w i l l be as follows:

Designation NumbersConfigurationFirst StageSecond StageInstrument U n i t

P r i m e- Back-up


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Designation Numbers

Spacec ra f t - L/V AdapterDocking ModuleDocking SystemServ ice ModuleComand ModuleLaunch Complex

P r i m e Back-up

Crew AssignmentsThe crew assignments f o r t h e ApoLLo Soyuz Test Pro-

j e c t mission are:

P r i m e BackupCommander (CDR Thomas P. Staf ford A l a n L. BeanCommand Module P i l o t (CMP) Vanee D m Brand Ron E. EvansDocking Module P i l o t ( D m ) Donald K. Slayton Jack R. Lousma

USSR Cr ew AssignmentCrew 1 Aleksey A . Leonov Crew 3 Vladimir DzanibekovValer iy N . Kubasov B o r i s AndreyevCr ew 2 Anatoliy Fi l ipchenko Crew 4. Y u r i RomanenkoNikolay Rukavishni ov Aleksander IvanchenkoApo l l o Soyuz Test Pro jec tFundine and Budeet Reauest

Command and Service Module $12,600,000$32,300,000 $ 8,000,000Docking Module and dock in^system 21,000,000 21,700,000 3,400,000Experiments* - 8,000,000 5,000,000Launch vehicle - 9,500,000 32,500,000Launch operations - 8,9OO,OOO 45,000,000Flight support and operat ions 4,900,000 9,600,000 20,700,000Total*Re rogranrming w i l l i nc rease t o t a l for experiments to$19,000,000.


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ASTP Major ContractorsRockwell Irrt e r n a t o n a lSpace DivisionDowney , CaliforniaRockwell In t e rna t i ona lRocketdyne DivisionCanoga P a rk , Cal i forniaGeneral E l e c t r i c CompanyVal l ey Forge Space CenterP h i l a d e l p h i a , PennsylvaniaChrysler Corporat ionSpace DivisionNew m l e a n s , LouisianaMcDonnell Douglas CorporationHuntington Beach, Cal i forniaIBM Federal Systems DivisionGaithersburg, MarylandI L C Indusk r ie sDover, DelawareThe Boeing CompanyS e a t t l e , WashingtonXerox Corporat ionRockvi l le , MarylandBendix CorporationPeterboro , New Jersey

Command and Serv ice Module,Docking Module, Docking System,Spacecraf t SupportSaturn Engines and Support

Automatic Checkout Equipment(ACE ) SupportLaunch Vehicle GroundSupport EquipmentS I B Stage and Launch Support

S-IVB Stage and Launch Support

Instrument Unit and IU LaunchSupportSpace Su i t sR e l i a b i l i t y and QualityAssurance at JSCLaunch Complex 39Digital EvaluatorST-124 P l a t f o r m


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Experiment Contractor P r i n c i p a lI nve s t i ga t o rMA-059 Ultra Violet Absorption - University of P i t t s b u r g h IDr. T. M. DonahueP r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r Portion Pitt bwgh , PennsylvaniaMA-059 Ultra Violet Absorption -Spectrometer, Hardware P o r t i o nM-136 Ear th Observation andPhotography

Naval Ordnance ~ystems/AppliedPhysics Laboratory, JohnsHopkins UniversitySilver S pr ing , MarylandMA-059 Ultra V i o l e t Absorption -

Re t r o r e f l e c t o r , Array P o r t i o n

MA-083 Extreme Ultra VioletTelescope

Precision Lapping & O p t i c a lCompanyValley Stream, New Pork

MA-088 Helium Glow

MA-089 Doppler Tracking(Design PhaseMA-048 Soft X-rayMA-106 Light Flash, Phase I

Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o nAir and Space MuseumWashington, D.C.Univers i ty of C a l i f o r n i aBerkeley, CaliforniaBall Brothe r slUniversity of C a l i f o r n i aIBerkeley, Cal i forn iaBall Bro the rsSmithsonian h s t t u t i o nAstrophys jc a l ObservatoryCambridge, Massachusetts

Dr. Bowyer

Dr. G. C. WeiffenbachDr. M. D. Grossi

IW a l Research Zaboratory I r. H. FYiedrnanWashington, D. C.AEC/Lawrence Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaLivermore, C a l i f o r n i a #Dr. C. A. TobiasI&. T. F. BudingerMA-017 B a r i u m Cloud (Design Phase) Wescottn i ~ e r s i t y f AlaskaGeophysical I n s t i t u t eFairbanks, Alaska


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Experiment Contractor P r i n c i p a lInves t igatorMA-028 Crysta1 Growth

MA-031 Cellular ResponseMA-032 PolymorphonucLearLeukocyte ResponseAR-002 Microb ia l ExchangeMA-007 S t r a t o s p h e r i c AerosolMeasurementMA-011 E l e c t r o p h o r e s i s Technology

MA-107 Bios t ack

Science CenterRockwell I n t e r n a t io n a lThousand Oaks, Cali forniaBaylor College of Medf cineHouston, TexasBaylor College of MedicineHouston, TexasJohnson Space CenterHouston, TexasU n i v e r s i t y of WyomingLaramie, WyomingMax Planck InstituteMunich, GermanyUniversi ty of FrankfurtFrankfurt -on-Main, Germany

Dr. M. D. Lind

IDr. B. Sue CriswellDr . R. Russell MartinDr. Gerald R. TaylorDr. T. J. PepinProfessor Kurt HannLgPro fesso r Horst Bucher

I

II


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ASTRONAUT BIOGRAPHIES

NAME: Thomas P. Staff rd (Brigadier General, USAF )Deputy Director, F l i g h t Crew Operat i o n sBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 17, 1930, i n Weatherford,Oklahoma. His mother, Mrs. Mary Ellen Sta f ford , is ar e s i den t of Weatherf ord.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black h a i r ; blue eyes; he igh t : 6 f e e t ;weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Weatherf erd High School, Weatherf ord,Oklahuma; rece ived a Bachelor of Science degree f r ~ mt h e United Sta tes Naval Academy i n 1952; recipientof an Honorary Doctorate o f Science from OklahomaCity Univers i ty i n 1967, an Honorary Doctorate o f Laws.f r ~ m estern s a t e Universi ty College of Law i n 1969,a n Honorary Doctorate of Communications f r o m EmersonCollege in 1969, and an Honorary Doctora te of Acro-nautical Engineering from Embry-Riddle AeronauticalUnivers i ty in 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Faye L. Shoemaker ofWeatherf ord, Oklahoma. Her p a re n t s , MF. and Mrs. E a r l e E.Shoemaker, reside in Thomas, Oklahoma.CHILDREN: Dionne, July 2, 1954; Karin, August 28, 1957.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: H i s hobbies include handbal l , weightl i f t i m , and swimming.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of t h e American Astronaut ical Societyand member of the Society o f Experimental Test P i l o k sand t h e Explorers Club.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded t h e NASA Dist inguished Service Medal,two NASA Exceptional S e m ice Medals, the JSC Cer t i f i ca teof Commendation (19703, t h e Air Force Cormnand Pilot

Astronaut Wings, and the Air Force DistinguishedFlying Cross; and co-recipient o f the A I A A AstronauticsAward, the 1966 Harmon In te rna t iona l Aviation Trophy,the National Academy of Telev is ion A r t s and SciencesSpecial Trustees Award (1969), and an Honorary Life-t i m e Membership in t h e h e r ican Federat ion of Radioand Television Artists.


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EXPERIENCE: Sta f f o r d , an A i r Force Brigadier General, wascommissioned i n the United Sta tes A i r Force upongradua t ion from Annapolis. Following h i s f l i g h ttraining, he f l e w f i g h t e r interceptor aircraft i n t h eUnited Sta tes and Germany and l a t e r at tended t h e USAFExperimental Flight Test School at Edwards A i r ForceBase, Cal i fornja.He was Chief of t h e Perf orrnance Branch at t h e USAFAerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards and respon-sible f o r t h e supervision and a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h eFlying curriculum f o r s t u d e n t t e s t p i l o t s . He wasalso an i n s t r u c t o r in flight test training and spe-c i a l i z e d academic sub jec t s - s t a b l i s h i n g basic t e x t -books and d i r e c t i n g t h e w r i t i n g of f l i g h t t e s t manualsf o r use by the staff and s t u d e n t s . He i s co-author oft h e Pilotr s Handbook for Performance F l i g h t Testing andt h e Aerodynamics Handbook f o r Performance F' l ight Test-amHe has logged more than 6,268 hours f l y i n g time, whichinc ludes more than 5,100 hours in j e t a i r c r a f t .

CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: General Sta f fo rd was s e l e c t e d a s anas t ronaut by NASA in September 1962. He served asbackup p i l o t for t h e G e m i n i 3 f l i g h t ,On December 1 5 , 1965, he and command pilot Walter M.Sc h i r r a were launched into space on t h e history-makingG e m i n i 6 mission which performed the first rendezvousi n space with the a l r ead y o r b i t i n g Gemini 7 crew.Gemini 6 returned t o Earth on December 16, 1965, a f t e r25 hours, 5 1 minutes, and 24 seconds of flight.% a f f o r d made h i s second flight a s command p i l o t oft h e Gemini 9 mission. During t h i s 3-day f l i g h t whichbegan en June 3 , 1966, t h e crew performed three d i f -fe ren t types of rendezvous w i t h the previously launchedAugmenmt;edTarget DockLng Adapter; a n d p i l o t EugeneCernan logged t w o h o u r s and ten minutes outs ide thespacecraft in exbravehicular a c t i v i t i e s . The f l i g h tended a f t e r 72 hours and 20 minutes with a p e r f e c treentry and recovery as Gemini 9 landed within 0.4nautical miles o f the des igna ted target p o i n t and1.5 miles from the recovery ship USS Wasp. (This ist h e clasest en t ry and touchdown o f any manned flight. )


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Following Gem i n i 9 , S t a f f o r d served as backup commanderf o r Apollo 7.He was spacecraf t commander of Apollo 10, May 18-26,1969, t h e first comprehensive lunar- o r b i ta1 qua l i fi-cat ion and v e r i f i c a t i o n f l i g h t t e s t of an Apollo lunarmodule. Sta f fo rd w a s accompanied on the f l i g h t t ot h e Moon by John W. Young (command module p i l o t ) andEugene Cernan ( l u n a r module p i l o t ) . I n accomplishinga l l mission objectives, ApoElo 10 confirmed t h e opera-t i o n a l performance, stability, and reliability of thecommand/s ervi e rnodule/lunar module conf ig t ra tionduring t r a n s l u n a r c oa st , lunar orbit insertion, andlunar module s e p a r a t i o n and descent t o within 8n a u t i c a l m i l e s o f the l u n a r surface. The l a t t e rmaneuver employed all but t h e final minutes of thetechnique prescribed f o r use i n an actual lunar landingand permitted critical evaluations af t h e lunar modulepropu l s ion systems and rendezvous and landing radardevices during completion of the first rendezvous andre-docking maneuvers i n lunar o r b i t . In a d d i t i o n todemonstrating t h a t man could navigate s a f e l y anda c c u r a t e l y An the Moon*s g r a v i t a t i o n a l fields, ApolZo10 phot ographed and mapped t e n t at ve landing s i t esfor f u t u r e missions.In his t h r e e space f l i g h t s , S t a f f o r d has completedfive rendezvous and logged 290 hours and 15 minutesin space.As Chief of t h e Astronaut Off ice f r o m August 1969t h rough May 1971, he was responsible f o r the coordina-t ion , schedul ing , and control of all a c t i v i t i e s in-volving NASA as t ronau t s . Gen. S t a f f o r d was namedDeputy D i r e c t o r of Flight Crew Operations i n June 1971.In this management capac i ty , he assists in d i r e c t i n gt h e a c t i v i t i e s of t h e Astronaut O f f i c e , t h e Aircraf tOperat ions Off i ce , the F l i g h t Grew I n t e g r a t i o n Division,the Crew Training and Simulation Division, and the CrewProcedures Division.Gen. Stafford w i l l command t he Uni t ed h'6c r ew f o r the Apollo/Soyuz Test Projec tT ~ ~ ~ s P P )nlgslon.


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NAME: Vance DeVoe Brand (Mr. )NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Longmont , Colorado, May 9, 1931.

H i s par en t s , Dr. and m s . Rudolph W. Brand, reside inLongmont.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTIOM: Blond hair; gray eyes; he igh t : 5 f e e t11 i nches ; weight: 175 pounds.

EDUCATION: Graduated from Longmont High School, Longmont ,Colorado; received a Bachelor of Science degree inBusiness from the Unive r s i ty of Colorado i n 1953 , aBachelor of Science degree i n Aeronautical Engineer ingfrom the University of Colorado in 1969, and a Master'sdegree i n Business Administration from the Unive r s i tyof C a l i fo rn i a a t Los AngeLes in 1964.MARITAL STATUS: Married t o t h e former Joan Virginia Weningerof Chicago, Illinois. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph D.Weninger, r e s i d e in Chicago.CHILDREN: Susan N., A p r T l 3 0 , 1954; Stephanie , August 6 , 1955;P a t r i c k R., March 22, 1958; Kevin S., December 1, 1963,RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: En oys running to stay in cendition,sk in d iv ing , sk i i n g , and canoeing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Socie ty of Experimental Test

Pilots, t h e h e r i can I n s t i t u t e o f Aeronautics andAstronaut ics , Sigma Nu, and Beta Gamma Sigma.SPECIAL HONORS: JSC C e r t i f i c a t e of Commendation ( 1970 ) andNASA Except ional Service Medal (1974 .EXPERIENCE: 1 . Brand served as a c ~ m i s s i o n e d f f i c e rand navaT=vla to r w i t h t h e U.S. Marine Corps from 1953

t o 1957. H i s Marine Corps assignments included a15-month t o u r in Japan as a j e t f i g h t e r p i l o t . Fol-lawing release from a c t i v e duty, he continued i nMarine Corps Reserve and A i r National Guard f i g h t e rsquadrons u n t i l 1964; and he still retains a commis-s i on i n the Air Force Resene .Civil ian. *om 1960 t o 1966, Brand was employed as aX v i l i a n by the Lockheed A i r c ~ a f tCorporation. Heworked first as a f l i g h t t e s t engineer on t h e P3AwGrionfraircraft and later transferred t o t h e experimentalt e s t pilot ranks. In 1963, he graduated from t h e W. S.Naval Test Pilot School and was assigned t o Palmdale,California , as an experimental t e s t p i l o t on Canadian


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BRAND: 2and German F-104 development p~ograms. Immediatelyp r i o r to h i s s e l e c t i o n to t h e ast ronaut program,Brand was assigned to t h e West German F-104G F l i g h tTest Center at Istres, France, as an experimentaltest pilot and leader of a Lockheed f l j g h t test advisorygroup.He has logged more than b9500hours of f l y i n g t i m e ,which inc lude more than 3,670 hours in j e t s and 390hours in he l i c op t e r s .

CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Mr. Brand is one of t h e I9 ast ronautsse lec ted by NASA in A p r i l 1966. He served as a crewmember f o r t h e thermal vacuum t e s t i n g of t h e p r ot o ty p ecommand module and was an ast ronaut support crewmanfor t h e Apollo 8 and 13 missions, He was t h e backupcommand module p i l o t for Apollo 15.Brand served as backup commander for t h e Skylab 3 andSkylab 4 missions.Immediately following fu l f illrnent of h i s Skylab assign-ments, he commenced t r a i n2ng as a prime crewman forthe ApoLlo-Soyuz Test P r o j e c t (AsTP) mission.


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NAME: Donald K. Slayton ( M r . )Direct or, Fl ig h t Crew Operat i o n sBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 1, 1924, in Sparta, Wisconsin.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown h a i r ; blue eyes; height: 5 f e e t1@ inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Sparta High School; received aBachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineeringfrom t h e University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,1949; an Honorary Doctorate i n Science from CarthageCollege, Carthage, I l l i n o i s , i n 1961; and an HonoraryDoctorate i n Engineering from Michigan TechnologicalUniversity, Houghton, Echigan, in 1965.MARITAL STATUS: Married t o t h e former Marjory Lunney of LosAngeles, California. Her paren t s , M r . and Mrs. GeorgeLunney, reside in Los Angeles.CHILDREN: Kent, April 8 , 1957.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies a re hunting, f i s h i n g , andshoot ing.ORGANTZATIONS: Associate fellow of the Society of Experiment a1Test Pilots (ASETP); fellow of t h e Ameri can Ast r o n au t i ca lSociety; member of t h e American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics

and Astronautics, t h e Experiment 1 Aircraf t Associa t ion ,t h e Space Pioneers , and t h e Confederate Air Force;Life member of t h e @der of Daedalians and t h e NationalRifle Association of America; and honorary member ofthe American Fighter Aces Associat ion.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded t w o NASA Distinguished ServL ceMedals and t h e NASA Exceptional Service Medal; theCollier Trophy; t h e SETP I ~ e n. Kinchloe A w d ; t h eGeneral Billy Mit chelZ Award; and t h e SETP J. H. D o o l i t t l e

Award for 1972.EXPERIENCE: Slayton entered the A i r Force as an aviat ioncadet and received his wings in April 1943 a f t e r com-p l e t i n g flight training a t Vernon and Waco, Texas.

As a &25 pilot w i t h t h e 340th Bombardment Group, heflew 56 combat missions in Europe. He returned t o theUnited Sta tes i n mid-1944 a s a B-25 i n s t r u c t o r pilotat Columbia, South Carolina, and l a t e r sewed ~ t hunit r e s p o n s ib l e f o r checking p i l o t proficiency in the


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B-26. In April 1945, he was sent t o Okinawa with t h e319th Bombardment Group and flew seven combat missionsover Japan. He served as a B-25 ins t ruc tor for oneyea r f o ll ow ing t h e end of the war and subsequentlyl e f b the Air Force to enter t h e University of Minnesota.He became an aeronautical engineer a f t e r graduationand worked f o r two Tears wi th t h e Boeim AircraftCorporation at ~ e a t t l e , ashington, bef&e beingr e c a l l e d to ac t ive duty i n 1951 with t h e MinnesotaAir National Guard.Upon r e p o r t in g for duty, he was assigned as mainbenancef l i g h t test o f f i c e r of an F-51 squadron loca ted inMinneapolis, followed by 18 months as a techntcalinspec to r at Headquarters Twelfth A i r Force, and as i m i l a r t o u r as f i g h t e r pilot and maintenance officerwith t h e 36th Fighte r Day Wing at Bi tburg , Germany.R e t u r n i n g to t h e United States in June 1955, he a t tendedt h e USAF T e s t P i l o t School at Edwards Air Force Base,California. He was a test pilot t h e r e from January1956 u n t i l Apri l 1959 and p a r t i c i p a t e d in t he t e s t i n gof f i g h t e r airwaft, built for t h e United States AirForce and some f o r e i gn countries .He has logged more than 5,000 hours flying t a e ,Lncluding 3,000 hours in j e t aircraf t .

C m N T ASSIGNMENT: M r . Slayton was named as one of t h eMercwy astronauts in April 1959, He was m i g i n a l l yscheduled to p i l o t t h e Mercury-Atlas 7 mission butwas r e l i ev ed of this assignment due to a heart condi-t i o n which was discovered in August 1959, The MA-7mission was subsequently flown by M, Sco t t Carpenterin May 1962.Slayton became Coordfnator of Astronaut Artivi t ies inSeptember 1962 and was responsible for th e operationof t h e Astronaut Office. I n November 1963, he resignedhis commission as a n Air Force Major t o a s m e t h erole of Direc tor of F l i g h t Crew Operations. In thiscapacity, he is responsible for directing the act iv i t i e sof t h e Astronaut Office, t h e A i r c r a f t Operations Office,t h e Flight Crew ~ n t e g r a t i o n ivision, the Crew Training'and Sbnulation Division, and the Crew Procedures Division.In W c h 1972, following a comprehenstve review of h i smedical sta tus by NASAfs D i r e c t o r for Life Sciencesand t h e Federal Aviation Agency, M r . Slayton was res tored


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Slayton: 3to fill f l i gh t s t a t u s and c e r t i f i e d e l f g i b l e for futuremanned space f l i g h t s .Slaflon was named to the United States f l i g h t crew f o rt h e A ollo Soyuz T e s t P ro j e c t (ASTP) m&ssion, Hegl l e making h i s first journey i n t o space.


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NAME: Alan L. Bean (Captain, USN)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Wheeler, Texas, on March 15,1932. His parent s , M r . and Eks. Arnold H. Bean,reside in h i s hometown Fort Worth, Texas.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; haze l eyes; height : 5 f e e tinches ; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated f r o m Paschal High School in Fo r t Worth,Texas; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aero-nau t i c a l Engineering from t h e Universi ty of Texas i n1955; awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science fromTexas Wesleyan College in 1972.MARITAL STATUS: Married to t h e former Sue Ragsdale of Dallas,

Texas; her pa r en t s , M r . and Mrs. Edward B. Ragsdale,a r e r e s i d e n t s of that c i t y ,CHILDREN: Clay A. , December 18, 1955; Amy Sue, January 21,

1963RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys being with his two children,and h i s hobbies include reading, pa in t ing , swimming ,and diving.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of t h e American AstronauticaL Society;member of t h e Socie ty of Experimental Test Pilots.SFECIAL HONORS: Awarded t w o NASA Dist inguished ServiceMedals, t h e Navy Astronaut Wings and two Navy D i s -t inguished Service Medals, rec ip2en t of t h e RearAdmiral W i l l i a m S. Parsons A w a r d for S c i e n t i f i c andTechnical Progress, t h e University of Texas DistinguishedAlumnus Award and Distinguished Engineering GraduateAward, t h e Godfrey La Cabot Award, the National Academyof Television Arts and Sciences Trustees Award, t h eTexas Press Association's Man of t h e Year Award f o r1969, and t h e Ci ty of Chicago Gold Medal.EXPERIENCE: Bean, a Navy ROTC student at Texas, w a s commis-

sioned upon graduat ion in 1955. Upon completing h i sf l i g h t t r a i n i n g , he was assigned to j e t AttackSquadron 44 in Jacksonville, Flor ida . After a four-y e a r t o m of duty, he actended t h e Navy Test P i l o tSchool at t h e Naval A i r Test Center, P a t u e n t River,Maryland. After graduat ion he f l e w as a t e s t pilot allt ype s of naval a i r c r a f t ( j e t , prope l l e r , and he l i cop t e rmodels). He then a t tended the School of Aviat ion Safe tyat t h e Universi ty of Southern Cal i fornia and was nexbassigned t o Attack Squadron 172 at Cec i l Field, Flor ida .


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Bean: 2During h i s career , Captain Bean has flown 27 types ofm i l i t a r y a i r c r a f t as well as many civilian airplanes.He has logged more than 4,744 hours flying t i m e --including 3 ,923 hours in j e t a i r c r a f t .

CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Captain Bean was one of t h e t h i r d groupof as t ronau ts named by NASA in October 1963. He serveda s backup command p i l o t f o r the Gemini 10 mission andas backup lunar module pilot for the Apollo 9 mission.Captain Bean was lunar module p i l o t on Apollo 1 2 , man'ssecond lunar landing, November 14-24, 1969. Capt a i nB e a n and Captain Conrad brought t h e j r lunar module t oa safe touchdown in t h e Moon's Ocean of S t o rms --a f t e r a f l i g h t of some 250,000 miles t o wi t h i n 300f e e t of their targeted landing point . They exploredthe lunar surface for a d i s t a n c e of about 1 m i l e anddeployed severa l lunar surface experiments, i n s t a l l i n gthe first nuclear power generator s t a t i o n on the Moont o provide the power sou r c e . These long-term scien-t i f i c experiments continue i n operation today. Conradand Bean t h e n in spec ted Surveyor 111, w h i c h had landedon the Moon some 30 months earlier, returning s e v e r a lparts t o E a r t h . Tboughout the Lunar surf a~e tay byConrad and Bean, Captain Richard Gordon remained inlunar orbit aboard t h e command module, photographinglanding sites f o r future missions and other areas ofs c i e n t i f i c i n t e r e s t .Captain Bean was spacecraf t commander of a Skylab mis-s i o n ( S L 3 ) , J d y 28 to September 25, 1973. With him int h e 59-day, 24,400,000-mile world record setting flight,were scientist-astronaut Dr . Owen K. G a r r i o t t andMarine Corps Lt. Colonel Jack R. Lousma. Mission I1accomplished 15% of i t s pre-mission forecast goals.The crew r e tu rn e d t o E a r t h 77r600 rames of film from6 instruments recording t h e sun's a c t i v i t i e s , Theya l s o acquired 16,000 photographs and 18 miles of mag-netic tape documenting our Ear th" resources. Thec r ew completed 333 medical experiment runs, obtainingt h e f i r s t data on t h e e f f e c t s of weightlessness f o r59 days.Captain Bean has logged 1,671 hours and 45 m5nutes inspace - f which 10 hours and 26 minutes were spentin EVAs on t h e Moon and in Earth o r b i t .


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Bean: 3Captain Bean is now in t ra in ing as backup spacecraficommander of t h e United s a t e s f l i g h t mew for t h ej o in t A m e r i can-Russian Apollo Soyuz Test Fro e c t ,


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NAME: Ronald E. Evans (Capta in , USN)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 10, 1933 , in St. mancis,Kansas. His father, M r . Clarence E, Evans, l i v e s inBird City , Kansas, and his mother, W s . Marie A. Evans,r e s i d e s in Topeka, Kansas.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: B r m hair; brown eyes; height : 5 f e e t

11 inches; weight 160 pounds.EI3UCATTON: Graduated from Highland Park High School inTopeka, Kansas; received a Bachelor of Science degreei n E l e c t r i c a l Engineering f r om t h e Universi ty of Kansasin 1956 and a Master of Science degree in AeronauticalEngineering f rom t h e U.S. Naval Postgraduate Schoolin 1964~MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Jan Pollom of Topeka,Kansas; h e r p a r en t s , M r . and Nrs. H a m y M. PoTLom,res ide i n Sun City, Arizona.CHILDREN: Jaime D m idaughter) , A u g u s t 21, 1959; Jon F. (son),October 9 , 19 1.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Hobbies include hun t ing, boating ,s w 5 m m i n g , f i s h i n g , and golfing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of Tau Beta Pi, Socie ty of Sigma Xi,and Sigrna Nu.SFECTAL HONORS: Presented t h e NASA Distinguished ServiceMedal (1973), t h e Johnson Space Center SuperiorAchievement Award (1970); the Navy Dis t ingu i shedService Medal (1973), Navy Aseronaut Wings, e i g h t A i rmedals, the Viet NBm Service Medal, and th e Navy Com-mendation Medal w i t h combat distinguishing device(1966 ); h e University of Kansas Distinguished Se m iceC i t a t i o n (1973); Kansan o f t h e Year (1972); and t h eRepublic of Senegal's National Order of t h e LTon (1973 .EXPERIENCE: When n o t i f i e d of h i s s e l e c t i o n t o h e astronautprogram, Evans was on sea duty in t h e P a c i f i c - ssignedt o VF-51 and f l y i n g F8 a i r c r a f t f r om t h e c a r r i e r USSTiconderoga during a pe r iod of seven months in V i e tNarn combat opera t ions .


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He was a Combat Flight In s t ruc to r (F8 a i r c r a f t ) withVF-124 from January 1961 to June 1962 and, p r i o r tot h i s assignment, participated in t w o WESTPAC a i r c r a f tca r r i e r cruises while a pilot with IF-142. In June1957, he completed f l i g h t t r a i n i n g af te r receiving h i scommission as an Ensign t l r o u g h t h e Navy ROTC Programat t h e University of Kansas.T a t a l f l i g h t t i m e accrued during h i s m i l i t a r y careeris 4,400 hours - ,000 hours in j e t a i r c r a f t .

CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Captain Evans is one of t h e 19 astronautsse lec ted by NASA in Apr i l 1966. He served as a memberof t h e astronaut support crews f o r t h e ApoLlo 7 and 11f l i g h t s and as backup command module p i l o t for Apollo 14.On h i s f i r s t journey i n t o space, Captain Evans occupiedt h e command module p i l o t seat f o r Apollo 17 which corn-menced at 11:33 p.m. (CST) , December 6 , 1972, and con-cluded on December 19, 1972 -- t h e l a s t scheduledmanned mission t o t h e Moon for t h e United States.He was accompanied on t h i s voyage of t h e comand modulenAmericaf*and the lunar module wChallelgerv by EugeneCernan (spacecraft commander) and Harrison H. ( ~ a c k )Schmitt (Lunar module pTlo t ). While Cernan and Schmittcompleted t h e i r explorat ions of t h e Tawus-L i tt rowlanding area down on the lunar surface, Evans main-t a ined a solo v i g i l in lunar orbit aboard the ttAmerica,wcompleting assigned work tasks which required visualg e o lo g ic a l observations, hand h e l d photography ofs p e c i f i c t a r g e t s , and t h e con tso l of cameras and o t h e rhighly s o p h i s t i c a t e d s c i e n t i f i c equipment carr ied int h e command module S m b a y . Evans later completed a1-hour and 6 -m i nu te exbravehicular a c t i v i t y during t h etransearth coast phase of t h e r e t u r n f l i g h t , success-f u l l y r e t r i e v i n g t h r e e camera casse t tes and completinga personal inspec t ion of t h e equipment bay a r ea .This last mission to t h e moon f o r t h e United Sta tesbroke severa l records set by previous f l i g h t s whichinclude: longest manned lunar l an d i n g f l i g h t (301hours , 5 1 minutes) ; Longest l una r su r face exbravehiculara c t i v i t i e s (22 hours and L, minutes ); largest lunarsample r e t u r n (an est imated 115 "a (249 l b s ) ); andlongest t i m e in l una r orb3-t ( l k 7 ours, It-8 minutes).Apollo 17 ended w i t h a splashdown in t h e P a c i f i c Oceanapproximately 0.4 mile f rom t h e t a r g e t poin t and 4.3m i l e s from t h e prime recovery ship, t h e USS Ticonderoga.


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Evans:Completing h i s first space f l i g h t , Captain Evans haslogged 301 hours and 5l minutes in space -- 1 hour and6 minutes of which w e r e spent in extravehicular ac t i v i t y .Evans is backup command module pilot f o r the ApollaSoyuz Test Project (AsTP) mission.


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NAME: Jack Robert Lousma (Lieutenant Colonel, PTSMC)NASA Astronaut

BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born February 29 , 1936, in Grand Rapids,Michigan. H i s f a t h e r , M r . Jacob Lousma, r e s i d e s i nJackson, K c h i g a n .

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; he i gh t : 6 f e e t ;weight: 195 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended Tappan Junior High School and Ann ArborHigh School i n Ann Arbor, Ytichigan; rece ived a Bacheloro f Science degree i n Aeronautical Engineering from t h eUnivers i ty of Michigan i n 1959 and t h e degree of Aero-n a u t i c a l Engineer fran t h e U, S. Naval Pos tgradua teSchool in 1965; presented an Honorary Doctorate of

Astronautical Science from t h e Universi ty of Michiganin 1973.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Gratia Kay Smeltzerof A n n Arbor, Michigan. Her mother, Mrs. ChesterSraeltzer, r e s i d e s i n B e a ~ ake, Michigan.CHILDREN: Timothy J., December 22, 1963; Matthew O., July 1&,1966; Mary T., September 22, 196g.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He i s an avid golfing enthusiastand enjoys hunting and fishing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of the Sigma Xi, t h eUnivers i ty of Michigari *'Mu Club, and t h e OfficersfChr i s t i an Fellowship.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded t h e Johnson Space Center Cer t i f i ca teof Commendation (1970) nd t h e NASA Dist inguished Ser-vice Medal (1973 ; presented the Navy DistinguishedService Medal and t h e Navy Astronaut Wings (1974)~the City of Chicago Gold Medal (1974).EXPERIEBCE: Lousma was assigned as a reconnaissance pilotw i t h VMCJ-2, 2nd MAW, at, Cherry Point, North Carolina,

before coming to Houston and the Lyndon B. JohnsonSpace Center.He has been a Marine Corps Officer since 1959 andreceived his wings i n 1960 after completing h i s t ra in-i n g at t h e U.S. Naval Air Training Command. He wasthen assigned t o JMA-224, 2nd MAW, as an a t t a c k pilotand later served with WlA-224, 1st MAW, at Iwakuni,Japan.


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He has logged 3,000 hours of f l i g h t t i m e - 2,800hours in j e t a i r c r a f t and 200 hours in h e l i co p t e r s .CURREITT ASSIGNMEPJT: Zt. Colonel Lousma is one of t h e 19as t ronau ts s e l ec t ed by NASA in April 1966. He servedas a member of t h e astronaut support crews f o r t h eApolLo 9 , 10, and 13 missions.

Lousma was pilot for Skylab ( S L 3 ) , July 28 t o September25, 1973. With him on t h i s 5 S d a y f l i htwe r e Alan L. Bean (spacecraft commander and Owen K,G a r r i o t t (sc ience-p i lo t ). S L 3 accomplished 150% ofm a n y mission g o a l s while completing $58 r ev o lu t i o n s oft h e E a r t h and t r a v e l i n g some 2l+,l+OO,COO miles in E a r t horbit. The c r e w i n s t a l l e d six replacement r a t e gyrosused for attitude c o n t r o l of the s p a c e c r a f t and a winpole sunshade used f o r thermal co n t r o l , and repa i rednine major experiment or opera t iona l equipment items.They devoted 305 manhours t o extensive s o l a r observa-t i o n s from above t h e Earth? atmosphere, which includedviewing t w o major solar flares and numerous smal lerf l a r e s and coronal t r a n s i e n t s . Also acquired andre tu rned to E a r t h were 16,000 photographs and 18 mikesof magnetic tape documenting Earth resources observa-t i o n s of t h e 67 regional planning and development s i t e s ,34 ocean i n v e s t i g a t i o n s i t e s , 59 geo log ica l s i t e s ,22 cont inen ta l w a t e r r e s o u r ce s s i t e s , and 17 coastalzones, shoals, and bays. The crew completed 333medical experiment performances and obtained valuabled a t a on t h e e f fec t s of extended weightlessness on man.S L 3 ended wkth a P a c i f i c splashdown and recoveryby t h e USS New @leans.The c r ew of S L 3 logged 1,427 hours and 9 minuteseach, s e t t i n g a new world record for a s ing le mission,and Lousma also logged 11 hours and 2 minutes in t w oseparate exbravehicular a c t i v i t i e s o u t s i d e t h e o r b i t a lworkshop.Lousma has been designat ed backup dockjng module pilotof t h e United Sta tes f l i g h t crew for t h e Apollo SoyuzTest Fkoject (ASTP) mission.


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COSMONAUT BIOGRAPHLES

Aleksey Arkhipovich Leonov is a Lieutenant Colonel in t h e RedA i r ~ o r c e .Oborn934 in Listvayanka, Altay Way.H e attended the ~ h u k o v s k i ~ - ~ i l i t a r ~n g i n e e r i G cademy, We -became a cosmonaut in 1960. Lt. Col. Leonov was the co-p i l o t of Voskhod 2 i n 1965 and was the f i r s t man t o performexbravehicular a c t L r i t y in space. He is cu r r en tl y s l a t e dt o be t h e pilot for t h e j o i n t Apollo Soyuz Test Pro jec t in1975. Lt . Col. Leonov i s married and has one child.Valer iy Nikolayevich Kubasw i s a civilian. He was born i nV v ~ a n u a r y, 1935. In 1958 hegraduated as mechanical engineer f o r aircraft bui ld ing .fromche Moscow Aviation school, Mr. Kubasov received aof Science degree before becoming a cosmonaut i n 1967. Hewas t h e backup t e c h n i c a l s c i e n t i s t for Soyuz 5 and f l i g h tengineer on Soyuz 6 in 1969. Nr, Kubasov is cur ren t ly s l a t e dt o be flight engineer f o r t h e j o i n t Apollo Soyuz Test Projecti n 1975. He i s married and has one ch i ld .Anatoliy Vasilyevich Fi l ipchenko is a Colonel in t h e RedAir P'orce, He was born i n Uavydovka village, Voronezh region,south of Moscow February 26, 1926. He f i n i s h e d w i t h honorsf rom t h e Chuguyev Military School and in 1950 he graduatedf r o m t h e Air Force Academy. He became a cosmonaut in 1963.Col. Fi l ipchenko was the backup Comand p i l o t on Soyuz 4 andComand pilot on Soyuz 7 in 1969, He is cur ren t ly s l a t e d t abe a member of t h e f i r s t backup crew f o r the joint ApolloSoyuz T e s t Project i n 1975. Col. Fi l ipchenko i s marriedand has t w o ch i ld r en .NikoLay Nikolayevi ch Rukavishnikov i s a civilian. He wasborn in Tomsk, a c i t y in S i b e r i a on September 18, 1932. I n1951 he joined the ~ b s c o w hysics and Engineering Instituteand graduated i n 1957. Mr . Rukavishnikov joined the cosmo-naut unit i n J an ua ry 1967. He was t h e t e s t engineer on Soyuz10 i n 1971 and had been slated t o be t h e engineer of t h eSalyut s t a t ion . Mr. Rukavishnikov i s c u r r e n t l y s l a t e d t o bea member of t h e first backup crew of the joint Apollo SoyuzTest Project in 1975. He i s married and has one ch i ld .Vladimir Dzhanibekov i s a Major in t h e Red Air Force. Hewas born In 1942 i n t h e South Kazakhstan region. He graduatedf rom t h e Higher Air School in 1965 as a pilot-engineer. Hewas e n r o l l e d in the Soviet cosmonauts~ etachment i n 1970, andhas been named, a long with Boris Andreyev, a s a member of thesecond backup crew f o r t h e jo in t Apollo Soyuz Test Project.


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Boris Andreyev is a civilian. He was b o ~ n n Moscow i n 1940.k t e r graduat ing from Moscow~smuman, Higher Technical School,he joined a des ign bureau in 1965. He has been in t h e cosm-nautsf t r a in ing program s i n c e 1970, and was named a s a memberof t h e second backup crew f o r the p lanned 1975 j o i n t ApolloSoyus T e s t Pro jec t . The o t h e r member of this c r ew is to beMajor V l a d i m i r Dzhanibekov.Y u r i Romanenko 5s a capta in in t h e Red A i r Force. He wasborn In 1944 in t h e menburg region. I n 1966, he graduatedfrom a highe r school as a pilot-engineer. He was en r o l l edin t h e cosmonauts' detachment in 1970 , and has been named,along w i t h Aleksander I v a n c h e n k o , a s a member of t h e t h i r dbackup crew for t h e 1975 Apolla Soyuz Test Project.Aleksander Ivanchenko is a c iv i l ian . He was born in 1940 int h e town of lvanteyevka near Moscow, After graduat ing fromt h e Moscow Aviation I n s t i t u t e , he joined a des ign bureau in1964. He has been i n t h e cosmonauts~detachment s i n c e 1970,and was named as a member of t h e t h i r d backup crew for t h eplanned 1975 jo in t Apol lo Soyuz Test Pro j ec t . The othermember of this crew is to be Captain Yuri Romanenko.

Apollo Soyuz Test Project Fact Sheet

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