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CornacHo HCTOpH'l~CKOA TpaJJ.HU.HH caM01-;a3eanue apMSIH BOCXOJJ.HT.. K H~eHu nepsoro nereH.n.apHoro naTpHapxa-faAKa. faHKOM Ha3blB_a~HCb C03Be3JJ.HH OpHOH, nneSIJJ.bl H nJiaHeTa Mapc2 • C'IHTaeTCSI, 'ITO raAKOM Ha.-3blB8eTcH. T8K)Ke C03Be3)lHe Becbl, HO 3JJ.eCb, BHJlHMO, K8K H B HpaHcKOA Tpa.n.uu.nH, no.1t HaJeaHHeM Becb1 uMeeTcH e eu.n.y noHc OpHoHa HJIH eec., • UpHOH. ~TH C03Be3JJ.HSI, CBSl33HHble Me)KJJ.y co6oA B MllcpO.'IOfl!SIX MHOrHX Hapo.n.oe, B HeKOTOpblx Httn.oeeponeHCKHX Tpa_JJ.HU.HSIX· • OTpa)l\aJlH ¥MeHa nepcoHa)({eft i:aK H33blBaeMoro HHJJ.OeBponeAc"Koro «OCHOBHOro» t.rncl>.a-3 . Io

--· I 11. "llli111Jlft11JUIG, '-l1'2WUj-~WJIW'ljn)tn'l.GliJ11! nJIUjbU 'ii6~bf{J'ITIUfW~WG iunwU:iAtlltW-

iJ111wlnrrtmie1wG WJ1111wfiw1111mJo'l1mGGbJ1,- l.Gwq.f1111mie1wG ll wqqmq.J1m11t1~a f1Gu111flumiilt1' q.f1111wljwG Gu111w2J12WG, 9.bljn19nnJGbjifl ~J1m1'"1bJt, bfl., 1984, t2 88-84, 'llolhlG~ 1. ~1!8'· "ilJITIUfW'ljwG wll~JlnUjWJflG wnWUUjbtfl 'ljbJ1UjWJ1GbJ11' l{bJ1w'ljwGq.G111.l1! l.w1wu111wGm1.I, . 2 .

. \.w)uwllw1hJ1bGfl tirn11.Ghr1' 111b11.w1Gw91.lwG · fhi1J19" 2mJ121!•-'- t'Jij11T-wuwJ1~ tbql{wpwGll"pJI 4~Jlii ljnG~bflwGufl qbljm9m\1Gbl"fl ~11m1J9Gbti, bfl., · 1984, ti!· 81-84, "ifllqGli l.US g"'111ln1-G1! nJliqbu fiwGrm11t1wG fiwuwJIW'ljwljwG ljwnmgl{w&12fl 111bJ1\11'G,-- t•J1f1111w11WJ1~ 11lq'flwJ111ll­GhJ1J! 5-JI~ ljnG~bflwGufl qbljmgm\IGbrfl ~JlmJ11tGbJ1, bfl., 1986, 1:2 94--95, "111181' l.w11f1' 1l Abtfl wnwuUjbtfl qbJ1tm&m11t1wG lfinJlii,- l.Gwq.f1111mp1wG 1l wqq.wq.J1n1p1wG f1Gu1ft}l111n1•)1 q.fltnwljwG Gu1nw2J12wG, 9.bljmgm\IGbJIJ! ~rm111tGbp, br .• 1987, t.~ 64-60, A. E. lleTpoes11 Orpa>KeHBe HIIJ{OeHponeiieKOl'O KOpllH * uel- II apMHllCKOH MHlfJOJIOJ'Hll,- «lJtWllk!I fiwuwJlw'ljwljwG q.}1111m11t1mGGbp}I>, 1987, Ni 1, t! 55-70, '1n11li1' 1. CTpyKTypa ypapr­,·Koro, ttpesneiimero apMRncKoro H H1111.oenponeiic1rnx 11a11Teo11oe n cBeTe na1mb!X 111w­

ifOana11HR H :m1orpalfi11H, 2. lbqqwpwGw4wG b. wnu1uiqb.twpwGwljwG 1111{Jw1Gh111! tttGn .. 11-Gbq}I l{bpwpb.r1w1,- 4Gw~}ltnmie1wG ll wqq.wq.pmie1wG f1Gu111}1111mtnfl ll11f1111wuw11~ ~)lui­GwljwGGbJIJ! 8-r~ ljnG~bJlwGu}I qh4m9m1.IGbJ1~ ~rm111tGbp, bfl., 1988, t2 57-88, 'b•ql)i llJIWJIWln!WG ~w21111' ~}19wGmGwlj}lp 1111i'l.wGmGGb.J11!1- bflfltnWUWJI~ tllql{wpwGlillll]I '"" ljnG~brwGufl qbljm9nnrGbJ11' ~rm1ieGbp, bJI., 1988, t2 112-118:

2 'l· 1Ltfl:zwli, 41'0 fiwl(w111J! ljw\I Rb.itwGnuwljwG tirrnGp R1J.1ng. 1 lhGb111f14, 1895, t2 UIS b. R111G, U. 1J'wi.Juwu1wli, 4w1hJ1b.Gfl pwgwtnJIW'ljwG pwnwpwG, R. 8, bfl., 1944, l:! IS: () CBJl:IH JTHX C03B0J!(Hii r l'aMblMH apX8lf 1lllbl:\UI llJllqtTilll.W!IKHml ;110;,uii Cit.: fl. U. ~eraoa. 0Tpaace111Jblll u ueiie MHcpbl aeMJJH. :\t, t98li, .:. 7.

3 B. B. BBaBoa, B. H. Tonopos. lkcJie11.oua11nJ1 11 oii:1acra r.1111e.1111r.Kax APeBBO­

CTeli. M., 1971. tot

noURRKe 6ora rp03b1]. Cp., HanpHMep, 60.11r. BAaCHTe <i:Opuow>, cU11esr­JJ.bl>, .11.p. pyccK. eonocbIHbI «CTJieSl}l.hI» n c.1aB. TeOHHM BoJioc [s peKoH­crpyKU.HH-npoTHBHHK rpoMoeep)l{ua CTepyHa] 11 acpraH. Perune «CTne11-Abl>, npu Ka<t>up. Parun-HMSI 6ora BOHHbI 4 B J.1.pesHeM MHpe-oT lfra­.'IHH .no Me>1<.nypet1bS1-nJiaHeTy Mapc Ha3bIBaJIH HMeHeM (Sora BOHl'lbl, ro eCTb raiiK, no.no6HO .np. HH.ll.. HH.n.pe, CJiaB. nepyHy, 6b!JI 6oroM rp03bl H eoAHbl. 06 3TOM CBH.ll.eTeJibCTBYIOT TaK>Ke apMSIHCKHe JiereH.Zlhl, cornacHO o.niloA H3 KOTOpblx 6or MOJIHHeif y6ueaeT HnMepo.ll.a 5 [0TmK.ll.eCTBJIS1eTcS1 c beJIOM, conepHHKOM raiiKa]. B HeKOTOpbIX MaJIOa3HHCKllX crpaHax rpo­MOBep>Kua 3eeca Ha3b1BaJ111 HMeHa MH, BOCXO.ll.SllUHMH K HH.ll.OeBponeHCKOMY [B .n.aJibHeiirneM-H.-e.] *poti-«My>K, BJI3.llbl'Ka, X03SIHH» 6 • TaK H83bIBaJIHCb wt1orot1ucJieHHble, t1acTo rnaeHbie 6oru y pa3HPIX Haponos, cp. HMSI conep­HHKa' raAKa. ceMHTCKoro 6ora Bena-«ena.nbl1<a, rocno.ii.HH>, a .ZlJISI KopttSI *poti--JJ.p. HH.ll.. llpa;.vKanarn, 6aJIT. Beiionarnc, rpelf. noceH.ll.OH H T. n. J\'\oJKHo cKa3aT&, 'ITO o6pa3 faiiKa 011eHb 6J1113oK 1< Beny, lfTO CBHJJ.eTeJib­creyer 0 Jl8BHHX KOHTaKTaX apMSIH II ceMHTOB. 0.ll.HO H3 apMSIHCKHX Ha!­B8HHA CTJieSIJJ.-AiJaw(s]unkc, KOTOpoe HeCOMHeHHO CBSl3aHHO C rpetteCKHM HasBaHHeM [•p·Iey- 7, cp. TaKme xypp. allae «rocnm1rn, u.apuua> · c eo3-MO:>KHOA ypapTcKoif napa.nJie.iibio]. CTJieSIJlbl cnepna· npeepama10TcS1 e ro­ny6eA u TOJibKO noTOM e 3Be3JlbI, lfTO 06'bS1CHSieTcS1 cXOJJ.HbIM HaJeaHHeM UneH.a. u· niA.ela «ro.'!yOb» e rpe11ecKOM, cp. TaK11:e: apM. atawni. «rony6b> npu Ala(J) (s) unkc-«CTJieH;lbI» [roJiy6b-CllMBO.'l 6or •mH MaTepH-«DJia­.Zlbl'IHU.bl, rocno:>KH>].

npuMelfaTeJlbHO, lfTO .11.pyrne Ha3B3HHSI n.'181H'Tbl Mapc B apMSIHCKOM Hrat, Adraher, Azaher coJJ:ep*aT a ce6e KOMnoHeHT h(e).r H TaKHM 06-pasoM, xorn 6&1 Ha auarpa111111aTHt1ec1<0M ypoeHe [cxOAHblM aey11anHeM], CBSI3aHhl c HMeHe111 HH;:1.oeBponeik1rnro 6ora rpo3b1-*per(k l<')u-n- [cp. T~K>Ke napanneJibH&Ie Tonouu111&1 Her=Xoy<Hoy?]. Mecronpe6&Ina1111e111 faAKa 6&1na npoBHHUHSI Harke. [poJJ.. na]le)l{-·Harkay, lfTO nor<a3bIBaer, 'ITO HHTepnpeT81lHSI 3TOro H33BaHHSI K3K «OTU.bl» Henpaeo~epna], Ha3B8Hne ICOTopoA cpaBHHMO c H33BaHHeM <l>paKHH Ile' pkTJ [Xwpa] < *per-ku~a. co­OTHOCHMOro c HHJJ.OeeponeACKHM Ha3B3HHeM JJ.y6a H 6ora rp03bl 8 • B ap­MSIHCi<Hx .nuaneKrax hay-e111 H83bIBaercSI MY* [rnaea ceMbH]9, JJ:a H e CJOJKeTe MH<l>a l'aif1< BblCTynaeT KaK HH.noeeponeikKHH naTpHapx OOJiblUOH ceM&H-*pot- [3nHTeTOM fa1i1<a S1B.1JHeTCS1 nahapet «narpnapx>, eropaH llaCTb KOTOporo qepe3 HpaHCKOe nocpeJJ.CTBO BOCXO}lHT K H.-e. *pot-]. 3THM MO>KHO ClfHTaTb JlOKa3aHHbIM, 'ITO "MH fai11<a BOCXO.ll:HT J( H.-e: *poti-, HO H3 3TOro eme He CJie.ll.yer, 'ITO ca MOJW3BaHne a pMHH T8KJl<e CBSl33HO c 3TH~ KOpHeM [B03MO)l{HO C.TJylfaJIHOe cxo;\CTBO H n03]J.llee C03.ll.3HHe MH<l>a B ~yxe HapO.ll:HOA 3THM0.1Jor1111]. Ho C')'IHHOCTb caMoHa3BaHHSI hay llfOiKHO pacKpbIT& e KOHTeKcre .npyrnx ap111m~c1mx 3TliOHllMOB. Mo)l{HO noKa3aTb,

4 P. Hso6eoa. POJJb JJBHrBHCTB'lecKux noK11:w1mii B cp111:11ureJibHOii MBcfionoru•. 'di llelBlG'BBPOMhlii: KOnrpecc a11Tpoao:1on .. 1ccK•1x H CITliOf pncfiB'ff!CKllX nayK, T. v, M., t970, c .. 612; B. B. Huaaon, B. II. Touopoc, y1<aJ. CO'!., c. 4.9 B CJI.; T. B. raar­Spe.118~. B. B. HBaeou. Hn~ceeporieiil'Ku:i siab!K 11 m1,1oenpone81~bJ. Tfiunucu, 1984, c. 615.

I ... 1,.wG1111uaGsuaG, Utl,wGl}WUfWUlmll, trr .. 1969, 1:2 73: };JJHJKBM K raiiKy 06pa301( .11u11erc11 11ucjJonora11ecKui nepoonpe;ioK MOnrom.cKnx napOAOB-XyxeAeii Mepren lCTpeJJOK Ba H}'KB, rpOJCBOe UOHU!CTBO, KOTOpb:ii T8K)f(e CJIJI38JI c C03Be3ABeM Opwos), e11.: M•il>w HBpoAOB uapa, T. II. M., 1982. c. 609.

' «a.. fl • .ttwlhnlft111G, l.w1bpbG1! b. fl)IQ llGl}btl,pnUfw'ljwG 1bq11;CibJ11!, bf1., 1970, l:! 14'. . r;i;e ITR Jt83B8HRll ylKe CDJI:!bllUlf()TCJI c .CBMOH&JBBllHCM apMRll. ·.

7 J. Pokorny. Indogermanisches etymologisches -W5rterbuch. 1, fierQ. un!I Milnehea, 1951. s .. 800. o <V• •

1 JI. A. l'BBABH. ~penneihmm · :ouo~ac'J!UB. :e::C"~'fllBl:I' Bamca11:~:(:(11)•11,:c· 1931;- -c.:· 85 • CJI. ., . · ·· · · ·:·' -· ·.· ··,··--·,. ,, .. ,- '. · -·

• Cu., H&npu1ep, d-wllwQwljwlfl•g l.w1ng tb.qlJ.1' -pwnw11wG, b)i., 1974, II. S, ti .. t. 8.lt11q111G, UJ1'l1' 'flw1bpl1GJ1 -pwgw111pwljwG pumwptuG, II. 1, bp., 1171, 't! 111:

'ITO apMHHCKHe 3TffOHHMhl hay, getni H armen [nocJie)J.HHH BCTpeqaeTCSI K8K 3K303THOHHM, HO 3TO He 03I!a 1IaeT, llTO OH He apMHHCKOro npOHCXO>I<· .neHHSI, HJIH KOl'.'la·TO l\al<Oe-To apMSIHCKOe n.11eMS1 ne Ha3hlB8JIOCb 3THM 1:MeHeM:o1 CB~l3allbl c l\OpHS1~1H l!MeH nepcoHa}!{eH «OCllOBHOro» MHcp~ ap­MSIHCl•Oii rp<UHl\llH, Korop1>nrn 1w.uupoeaJ111Cb TaKJKe repMHHbI ceMeHHOto po.ncrna 11 noJ1o-1:o3pacrnoii (cou1rnJibHOH) opraHH3au1111 o6mecTBa, cp.: 11ay «MYJ!(, OTCIJ. CCMei'tCTBa» H arm, zarm «KOpeHb, OCHOBa>, «nJieMH, po.11.», «ornp1>1CK» [3Tll c.'1oua po.ncTBeHHbl c orear «JJI0.11.H»] H gebw «.nee­crneHHHUa» npH * uel-«3Meii>, «npOTHBHHK rpOMOBep>Kua> 11 , llTO, KCTaTH, noKa3hlBaer reneaJ1orw:1ecKy10 crpy1<rypy a pMHHcKoro ea pnanra «OCHOB-11oro» MHcjla, a TalGl\C 60JJbllIYIO apxan4HOCTb CHCTeMbl apMSIHCKHX 3THO· HHMOB. B noii CBSl3H Hy>1rno OTMeTHTb, 'ITO «HCTOpH11eCKHe npe;.1.aHIHI BMCCTe c reneaJJOrH4eCKHMH cxe111aMH, CXCM8Mlf po.ncTBa H 6paqHJ>IX OT· HOllleIIHH o6pa3yIOT 1rni-: 6w epeMeHHOH .nHana30H JI.3HHOro COUHyMa, Bbl­pa)l{eHHblii B TCpMHHax 1101\0JieHHH,- OT npe.nKOB B npoWJIOM )l.0 noTOM· KOB B 6y.uymc111 ... 3ra Hepa3pb113llaSI, .LI.Bye.UHHaSI CBSl3b .uuaxpOHHH H CHH· xpoHHH-HeOT'bCl\IJl(''\'JaH qepTa MHCpOil03TH'leCKOii MO;J.eJIH MHpa» 12 [or> apMHHCKoii M0;.1.e.1n MHpa c UCHTpOM, COOTl!eCeHHbIM c HMeHaMH 3THOre-HeTH'leCKOro MHcpa, CM. Hll>Ke]. "•. ·~

06 3THOHHMax, CBH3aHHblX c H.-e. •1,.1el-, apM. geini, H HX MH<l>OJIO· rnqecKHX cBH3HX y>Ke cKa3auo 110CTaT011lio13 • OcTaBJJHH e crnpoHe 60.11ee no.upo6Hbllf aHaJIH3 3THOHHMa apMeH, 3,necb yMeCTHO npHBeCTH MHHHM8Jlb­HOe KOJJHlleCTBO <f>aKToo, no3eoJ1H10W:Hx . ero 3THMOJior1rnnpoeaTb. ApMflH· CKaH HCTOpH4CCKaSI rpa~HUHSI 3TOT 3THOHHM CBSl3b1Baet c UMeHeM ttatpH· apxa ApaMa, repOSI MHOrHX noeHHhlX nOJJ.BlffOB, «BTOporo o6pa3a rai\l(a» [M. A6ernu], OTHa yM11pat0mero H BOCKpecalOllJ.ero 6ora [B HCTOpHqecKOA Tpa11.n1.1.1m-naTpHapxa] ApaSI npeKpacuoro. HMeHa ApaM ff Apaii cpae· llHMW c HeKOTOpblMH ilPYrHMJI HMeHaMH MHQJOJ!OrH4eCKHX nepcoHa>J<eA 6JJH3KHX llHJJ.OenponeikKHX [MaJJOa3HHCKHX, Q>paKHHCKOli, rpeqecKofl, HpaH· CKOfl] Tpa;l,HUHli, TaK>Ke CBH38HHblX Me>K.LI.y co6oii KaK ore1.1. H .cblH '[B HpaHcKoii rpa.u.HUHH-MaTb 11 JI.O'lb], cp. ApMeHHOc-3p [HMff 3toro naM· cjrnJJHHCI..:oro soc.Kpecat0mero repoH .11.aeno cpasH11ea10T c HMeneM Apafl], l epMec-3poc (.LI.pyroit. CblH f epMeca H AQ>pO.LI.HTbI-npeKpaCHblH IOHOWa l epMa<f>pO.UHT, B KOTOporo 6e30TBeTHo B.1JI06J1S1eTcS1 HHMcpa, B CIO>l<eTe MHQ>a noxo>1< Ha ApaH flpeKpacnoro], e .n.pyrnx napuaHTax-3eec-3poc,

~· . 1° CaMh1ii 110;:1poo11blii ana.;iua apM1mcKux arrroauMos cir. 'l. Utf12Ulfl, l.w1wuvnall

flwnw2, nu1G qt11Gb1G ~w1wuU1wG, 'lbllblllJilj, 1904, 1:2 107-118: q., fl • .._,~ l.w1ng \bql[fl UfWU1dmp11ntG ... , 1:2 270 ll fllllG: B aplllllICKllX HCTO'llIBKBX B an8"11HHB apM1111u11, Apl1e11u11 scrpe11a10rc11 naananu11 rune aramazneay, aramean azg, Aramay tun

·ii no.'{. EcT.L raKue me naanauu11 or mi:en 6uo.1eii.cKBX nepcouamei [ToprOM, AcKauaaj. Koropble, o•iesH;urn. ne napo:uroro 11poucxom11eHHH.

11 CM : A. E. IJerpocRn. Oo un;rneeponeiicKHx ucroKax o6paaa cs11roro Rapane­ra-uoKpoeure:rn Myablua11roe. H:oalf>epemlHR dlpo6.neMw reneauca • cne~•cl>•K• paa­rrux lf>opM MY:>LIKaJILIIOit uym.ryphl. TcaHCbI ;roK.:Ja,1os. Epeean. 1986, c. 55-,-57. Cp. umpo.norB'JCCKYIO CBllJb Jl.eBCTDCIIlmIIbl . c ilP8KOIIOr.I, B03M0if\BYJO aTa:MQJIOrB'leCKYJO

. CBR3b HMenu Enb! c apureiicKHY CJIOBOM 3MeH, pyccK. (AH8·18KT.) nerwii BOJIOC caa­MYlJ\llJill me11m1rna;>, ne nerblii llOJIOC «IIC38l1Yif\IIRll if\ellill.llH&» H TeOHHll( 80.'IOC, CM.: B. H. Heaaos, B. H. Torropoa. Hccne~oBaHHH B oonacru c.;ian1111cKBX npeeaocrei:, e. 49 u c:1.: A. K. Baiioypna, 0 maMaHcKo-noar1111ec1wii q,yuKn;uu Bonoca (Bene~a. Bal­cano-Balto-Sla\·ica. CHYII03HY~I no crpyKrype T0KCT8, T03HCbl ;:J;OK.18::108, :\I., f979. r. !:!~J-82. Cp. raxme conocraune11ue meaaxa c rpoMoeepam.el.I 11 Heaecrhl-c ero co­nepHHl\OM, eocrrpun1ue 6paKa JCaK c111epru 11 cwepTH KaK 6paKa a · • Uel-ccuepr1>•.

"aarpooHbln M•P•· 1 ~ B. H. Torropos. MoneJIL lll&pa. B K11.: Macf>w HapOAOB MBpa, r. II, c. f62. ·~ CH.: B. B. Baaaoa, B. H. Tonopoa. K aonpoey o npoaexo>KJ(ean aTJIOB•M&:

•uuax"•·· B JCH.: 3T1111ec1ta11 11ctopas aocro11uwx po11aa~eu, M., f979, c. 61-85, rAe DPBBeAe111i1 B o6cySJ(8Hbl unorO'IBCJl8BBlil8 DOJ(oOBYe 3TBOBJDlll. 06 apu. getlli. OM ..

k'.Jlt'lpoell& ()T:pa>Keaae BHJloeBpODeilc:Koro KOpBA: •U.1· ... , c. 67. 18' , .. , •' f

HJIH Apec 3poc, cp. TaK>Ke nocne.n.oeaTMbHOCTb JIH.ll.HllCKHX uapeA crepo­,llOT, 1, 7, 15: npe.n.wecTBeHHHKaMH nx 6b1.1n BeJJcc n H1rnoc, cp. n!'>1ena ueJIH UHHoc-uapH Xan.neH conepHHKH fafma H ApaMa]-Kau.uaen [cooTBeTcT­syeT fepMecy, a B .n.peaHe6anKaHcKof1 Tpa.ilHUHll nepcoHa>K c no!l.06H1>IM HMe­neM OTO}l{J1eCTBJIS1JicH c ApecoM] 14 , KOTOporo nocne f11reca cJ1e.nyeT Ap­.zu1c [Ap1uoc] n npaHCJ(YIO napy ApMarnii-Amu [=Apnt, qefi 6paT­MHTpa, TO ecTb 6JIH31rnii " Apa10 nepcoHa/K]. YcrnHoe:1eHHaS1 3TIIMOJIO­rHSI 1rneHn Apeca 1s, nepOSITHaH CBH3b HMeHn cppaKHHCI<Oro fepMeca {Epµe' as) c auaTOJJHlic.KHM TeOHHMOM ApMa (*or-mo-) 16, H B03MO>KH8ff ce~taHTJll!ecKaSJ cBH3b HMettu ApMaTaSI c ap'.l.t. armat «KOpeHb, ocHosa>11 tcnoeo apMS1H0Koe, a He 3a!iMCTBoeannoe HJ np<tHcKoro HCT01rnm<a] noJL­·rnep>1<.n.a10T np1rne.n.eHtty10 1J1>1me TOtIHYIO 3THM0.1orn10 HMCH ApaM n AIJMeH 1. h. )J.}l{ayKHHa 18 [npacpopMa *Orama, oT *er-f*or- «.ll.BHraTb, aonHo­aaTbCSI, nOJHH~!aTbCSI»). }l.151 J18JlbHei'IwHx pa~cy>KZI.eHHH Ba>KHO T8K>Ke 3TH:\IOJ1orntiecKoe peme1rnc HMCHH Aray Getec'ik [DpeKpacHblf1]. Cpaa­HeHHe c HpaHCKHM HMetteM AmH ( <*ar-ti-) .ll.JJSI ApaH .n.aeT npacpopMy •·are1i- [*ar-to- «Ilj)HCOCIIJIHS!Tb», «IlO.ll.XO.ll.HTb», «CCOTilCTCTBOB8Tb», OT J{0-

1·oporo B HH,llOeapone1'kKHX Sl3b1Kax npOHCXO.ll.SIT MHO>KeCTBO Teomn.rnB H pHtyaJlbHblX, caKpaJibH~IX TepMIIHOB, cp. ;'.J.P. HHJ{. ~ta- «CBSIW.eHHbll'i 3a­KOJI>, apM. ard «ycTpOHCTBO, opraHH3aUHSI», anan. ap6 «6or> H Jlp.].

laKIIM o6pa30M, HMS! apMSIHCKOI'O y~rnpa1ow.ero H BOCKpeca10w.ero 60-ra Apasi 3THil!OJ1orn11ec1rn MO>KeT 6b!Tb casi3auo c HMeHeM yxo.a.Hw.ero na TOT caeT n no3apaw.a1oulerocsi repoH npattcKoi1 MHcponornH-Aprn Bu­pa3a. J.J.a H xeTT. TeOHHM Apac, c I<OTOpbIM CBSl3bIBaJI r. KanaHUSIH HMS! ApaH, ne «a3nattw1ecKHH», a CBSl38H HMeHHO c 3THM KOpHeM:.19. Y11HTbl­BaH B03MO>KHYIO 3THMOJIOrHtiec1<y10 CBSl3b HMeHH 6ora JIJ06BH 3poca c :.i.p. HHJl. · 6oroM .llpy>K6b1 ApbSIMattoM 20 «.llpyr>> [*ar (j) o- «rocno.ll.HH, xo-3HHe, .il.PYr» ], MO}l(HO nonaraTb, tITO KopHH *ar-to-, ''ar-jo-, *ar-o- a 1<0Heq­HOM HTOre CBSI3aHbl c O.ll.HHM KO.pHeM *er-/*or-i"'r·-C H)leeif B3aHl\IHOro ooMeHa L «noJiyqHTb, npno6pernTb, ena.n.eTb»], nyTeM KOToporo .nocnrra­e-rcsi aceo6w.nif nopSIJlOK [o6Mett MaTepHaJibHblMH H KyJJbTYPHbIMH uetttto­crnM11, 6pa11Hblf1 o6Meu Me>K.LJ.y rpynnaMH JIJO.leii npHBO.ll.HT K counaJib­noMy n KOCMH11ec1mMy nopSl.ll.Ky, rapMOHHH, !i.pyJKoe, n106eH]. DpHMe11a­TeJ1b110,' qTo HMSI .llp. HH.ll. 6ora MHTpbI, .ZI.BOHHHKOM KOTOporo HBJISleTCfl ApbSIMaH, ocMblCJIS1eTcS1 TaK>Ke KaK «.llpyr», «.a.oroeop», H CBSl3atto c H.-~. "mej- «Me1rnTb, o6MeeHBaTbCSI». C npe.ll.JIO}l(eHHblM KOpHeM HMeHH ApaSI B HHJ{OeBponeiicKHX Sl3b!Kax cyw.ecTBYIOT CJIOBa, 03Haqarow.He «.llpyr>, cp. XeTT. aras Toxap. A ortu- ( <*ar-t-) «.n.pyr». KpoMe HMeH MHTpbl ff' A!)bSl­

'MaHa TaK>Ke MO}l(eT OCMbICJISITbCSI CBSl38HHblH c HMetteM ApaH xeTT. TeOHHM Apac~ 1 • .n.a H HMSI ApaSI MO>KeT OCMbICJISITbCH B CBSl3H c BOCTOQHOapM.

14 Cu.: B. B. Baaaoa. ]lpeaue6anKaucKai a o6~eae11oeaponeiicKBi TeKcT u11cfla o 1·epoe-y6aih,\e nca a espaauiicKae napu.nena. B KH.: CnaBJIHcKoe a 6aJIKaBcKoe Jl3ld·

K03118HH0, M., 1977, c. 181-182. 15 J. Pokorny, Op. cit., s. 337. lb Cu.: JI. A. raa~. YK83. CO'I., c. 35-36. 17 H. W. Balley, Iranian Studies V. In: Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies,

v. VIII, 1935-1937, p. 142; cf. Idem. Saka ssandramata. In: Festschrift fiir Wilhelm Eilers, Wiesbaden, 1967, S. 139.

18 q., ~. 5lwffn1111wa, l1ntlubu 1un11bGwgn1 «~wing 1qw11111'mJt1wli> U.nw2JIG q.p121' t1lct· itwtiwG Wl\pim11Gb11n,- c'llw1111Jw-pwGwu}l11wtiwG RwGflbu>, 1981, M 8, I:! 8', ..._ I'. it•­Rnt111wa, ~wing tbcttl}I uiw11111'mJtinlG ••• , t2 287-288:

19 H. Otten. Hethittische Totenrituale, Berlin, 1958, S. 98-99. ~ C111.: B. H. Toaopoa. IloHJITBe npeµ;ena e 3poc B onaTOBOBCKoi uepcue1nn:ae. B

RH: AHTB'i88JI 6aJIK8BIJCTBK8, C f 14--f 16. 21 E. Benvenlste. Hittite et indo-europeen. Paris, 1962, P· 108-110: Idem. Le voca­

bulaire des institutions indo-europeenns. J. Economie, parente, societe. Paris, 1969, p. 370-373. Cw. Tax>Ke: B. B. llaaaoa. PaawcKaBBJI s 06.nacm auaTondcKoro .11a:wKo-11uaau. B KH.: 3Tawo.11or1111, 4""' M., 1973~ ero ate, HCTopu cewauTll'lecKoro uomr

ICll

ara....:....11>opMa o6paw.eHHS1 co 3H81JeHHCM «napeHb, .n.pyr [MOJIO.ll.OAJ> npH AOllyW.eHHH .ll.OCT8TO'IHOH JlpeBHOCTH nocJJe.U.Heii 22 [B MH«t>e raiiK MO>KeT xapaKTep113oea1bcR KaK c1apb1}1 naTpuapx, ApaM-B3pOCJJblH BOHH, a Apafl-MOJJO.ll.oii napeHb]. Bo3MO>KHblM pe«t>JJeKCOM *ar(a)ti- e apMRHCKOM MO!' 6b1Tb T8K>Ke ard[i]. ~'ttHTblBaR cyw.ecTBOBaHHe B ypapTCKOM naHTeo­He 6oniHll Ap.n.n [ <*ar-t-. r. B. ll>KayKRH], MO>KHO noJJaraTb, llTO H.-.e . .. ar-ti- B apM.SIHCKOH Tpa.!lHUHH .u.aJJ ua11a.r10 >KeHCKOMY TeOHHMy, H 6oJJee npaeoMepHblM cTaHOBHTCR cpaeneune HMeHH Apa.SI c Ap&.HMaHOM [e~s­MO)l(Hasi npa¢opMa -•arajo-, c .naJJ&HeHWHM nepeXO.ll.OM K OCHOBaM Ha -:]. ,:'...l,pyrHM B03MO>KHblM pe<j>JJeKCOM yKa3aHHOH npacl>opMbl .U.OJJ>KeH 6blJJ 6b1Tb ayr. J-13eecTHO, 11rn ApapaTcKaSI . [ = AApapaTcKaH) .U.OJJHHa na3blBaJ1ac.1t no.'!eM ApaH, .u.a H Ha3B<IHHe ueHTpaJJbHOH o6JJaCTH Aiipaf>aT CllHTliJJOCb CBff'JaHHblM c HMeHeM ApaH (Xope11a1.1in I, 15: Ce6eoc I).

laKHM o6pa3oM, TODOHHM AitpapaT 3THMOJJorn11ecKH Mo>KeT 6wT& cefi3an c TaKHMH Ha3eaHHHMH, Kai\ apniiubl, Hpau EriH «l1pJJaHJ1.H.S1> 11 T. n.

IloKa3aTeJJbHO, 'ITO 3.ll.ecb, KaK n e cJJy11ae c HMenaMH ApaM H apMeH, -a- BO BTOpOM CJJore npa<j>opMbl peaJJH3yeTCSI l<aK -a- B TeOHHMe H KaK 11yJJb e 3THOTonoHHMe23 • Hy>Kno .ll06aeHTb, 11To 11 MH<j>6JJorn11ecKuii o6pa3 eocKpecaiow.ero 6ora Apasi CBR3an c u.n.eeii nopsi.u.Ka, cnpaee.a.JJHBOCTH ( *ar-t-)' KOTOpble .ll.OJJ>KHbl BOCTOp>KeCTBOB8Tb IlOCJJe B03pO>K.lleHIUI 3TOl"O Oora; cp. TaK>Ke HMena *eHbl n china ApaR-Hyap.a. H Kap.a.oc, KOTOpble eCJJH He 3THMOJJOrnlleCKH, TO anarpaMM3THtteCKiH CBSl38Hbl c H.-e. •ar-t­[> a pM. ard-]. B .u.p. HH.ll. TpaJlHUHH MuTpa u BapyHa BblcTynalOT Kiii e.llHHOe ueJJoe, H HMeHHO BapyHa H MnTpa 60JJbWe Jlpyrnx ooroe CBH38Hbl c KOCMHlleCKHM 38KOHOM-pHTOH, 3THMOJIOl'HlleCKll CBH38HHOlf c HMetteM ApaH. Cornacno ueKoropblM aeTDpaM, HMS! BapyHbl cBH3aHo c HH.lloeepo· neikKHM .. ,Jel-24, H~emi Apasi-getecik «npe~paCHblfl», T8K>Ke BOCXO.llHT J(

*•Jel- c:eu.u.eTb:. 25 (e .D.p. HH.ll. Tpa.a.nunn MnTpa, ApbHMaH u Bapy11a co­cTaBJIHIOT Tpna.u.y 26, r.u.e ApbSIM8H H Bapyua CBH38Hbl c HMeHeM ApaA re­xeuHK 3THMOJJOrH'leCKH, a MnTpa-cHHOHHM HMeH Apa A H ApbHMaH].

cnoa, oana'f&JO~•x A•P • ori11eu a cnae11ucKoa1. B KH.: Cna111111cKoe • 6aJ1Ka11cROe 11a.1-Koauaune, M., 1975; Cornaceo BeHBCHHcTy xen. aras B ana11eHHU •npno, 6nar.o• cBor 6nai'onony11a11, nop11;uc&» H «APYr• HMeIOT onHnaKoeoe upoucxoJKneHHe. R aToi c1111a11 11yJK110 on1erBTb, 'ITO apA1. ayr «MylK'IBHa, a1yJK• [ «rocnOABH•], BhlcTynaeT • T8KOM KOnTeKCTe, 'ITO ero MOll\110 CBJl38Tb c BHAO-epan. •ar-iO·, X9TT. aras: Cll. •P•• ayr ayr, ayr ar ayr, ayr z:mktar (anker «npyrt] B AP· 11o~oii111.re cliopMw, HA9H1"B'luwe c xeTT. aras aran=CJIBB. llllYr 11pyra, fAC ayr MOlKeT UblTb CBJl38R co ana'leHKJlllK «irpyrt II «irpyroit, TaK iKC, KaK R xeTT., HJl)J,0-Hpan. [B CJIBB.] cliopMbl [AP· HllA. ari •npyrt, «'fYHCaKt, cp. naT. hos tis no:iHHR•, «span]. Cp. TaKJKe T011oeu1 AipapBT KOTO}l&Jii c<iina:rc.11 CBH381Illbl.M c BMeHeM Apa11. Tal\B)I o6paaou, apu. ayr CBJl38B • • -e. •ar-i·, a· ae *Hner-. CM. TaKJKe n;. P. ApyTmn11e. Ap11aHo-rpe11ecKBe Jl9KCB'l9CK•• K30f,10CCY. B KH.: 011epKB HO CpBBllRTCJibllOH JteKCHKO.'IOfBB apMRRCKOrO 118lo1Ka, !p• HR, 1983, C. 265 CJI.

22 A11ap11e C'IRT&eT. 'ITO cnoeo coKpa11wHHeK oT ay tlav -«aA 11aJ11t'IBKt. Cu.: 4.. Mwwqllll, l.w1hphll wpllw111wljwO )Rim.wpiuB, R. 2, b., 1978, I:! 4'18: '

u O nso.11aow 0Tpame1111n --a- a apl111ncK011 cM. r. 6. .ll:HC•YK•H. CpHR•T•.11LJ1e• rpa11M&TBKa ap1111111cKoro 11a1t1Ka, Epeuan, 1982, c. 37-38 .

. .. .111111 HapyeLI cpaBRBBBJOT c BMe11a11u 6oros BapOJIH [APBBBA.], Apyaa [xeu], Ypau [rpn.), Bo.'IOC ·tcJIBB.j. rrocJ1ero11111 3TBMOJI0fHJI upa11a;v1eJKBT P. HKo6ccinY. R. Jacobson, Slavic Gos Veles and his Indo-European Cognats. In: Studi lingvi~tici i. •ftor~ di Vittorio Pisani, Brescia. 1969; p. 579-600. B nocnennee .. BJ>SNfl ITJ IHilo:11oram aai:r\Bl1'8CT B. H. Tonopoe", Cll. 11anpu1ep. T. H. ~JrH~pe•naa, B. n. Tit· rropos. ,l\peBR9BRAHHCK8JI Il03TBKa II ee Hll"!09Bpo11eiic1eae BCTKB. B RH.: JIBTepllTYJll • lCyJIL'l'fpa Apeet1eii • · cpeAneecKoooit 11111\BH M., 1979, c. 53 ii 11.p. Ap11J11{CKRe nan-.. n-.re no;1Teepm}l.a10r 1ny :iTI1110.11or1I10. · · · · · ·. • · •:c1(: 4 UidiMas111t1, IJ21l. uq}u., R. 11 ttp., um, 1:2 n?a, r. 6. · JJ;a:ay~1111. "011eP-1C•. n.o .~. topu )J.omic.,..ix·cmiuro nepHoAa apMaer1c.oro 11ab1Ka. Epenau, 1967, c. 224. · · · · : ... : 21 J. Gon~. Tr_iads in the Veda. Amsterdam, Oxford, New Yor~. 1976, p. fi'). 181

B ~'l'OA CH3• ·•MTepecea aM!JIH3 ypapTcKoii nap1:i1 .6oroe XaJ1.n,M [sep­\OBHblH 6or]-Bapy6aHH [ero >KeHa], c.neJiaHHblH c. r. AMaHKHHOM 27 •

xa.1.ilH cooTeeTcTeyeT apM. Mrepy [ «eopoTa Xam1.H> e apMHHCKOH Tpa­.1.KU.HH Ka3bl88IOTCH -«ABepbJO Mrepa>28, CHMBOJiOM o6oHX 6blJI nee]' KO­TOpblH e 3noce .nomKeH BblHTH H3 c)teepeA Mtepa> nocne eou.apeHHR cnpaBe.llJIHBOCTH (arda~utcfom<*ar-t-], TO -eCTb COOTBeTCTByeT ApalO npe­KpaCHOMy. Jrhu1 Mrepa BOCXO.llHT K HpaH. Ma<t>pe, CBH38HHOMY c ·.np. HH.n.. MHTpoA. Tor.na H HM.H Bapy6aHH conocTaBHMO c HMeHeM BapyHbl [a .ney­eJl.HHOM KOMnJieKCe MHTpa-BapyHa nocJie.llHHR llJieH CBH38H c :>KeHCKHM tta11aJ1ou. l.llnannxa 5paxMaHa [II, 4, 4, 9] roeopHT, · qTQ «MHTpa H3-.. 1HeaeT ceoe cewH e BapyHy> cp. TaKiKe apM. goteCll «.neecTBeHHIHla>, pyccK. (ee]neThlH eonoc «[He]aaMyiKHHH >1<eHlllHHa»]. _,llpyroe HMH Ba­py6ae11_;,_BaruawTy, cpaBHHB810T c HpaHCKHM xeoHHMOM AxypauaJJJ,an, ot>pu KOTOporo COOTBeTCTByeT .np. HH.ll. BapyHe. TaKHM o6pa30M, HMR Bapy6aHH AOJilltHO 6b1Tb 38HUCTBOB8HO H3 apHHCKOro H3blK8 ·[B MHTaH­KHACKO-apHACKOM HMH BapyHbl BblCTynaeT B <t>opMe Uru1Jana-], a RpKO Bblpa>KeHHaH TpexqJieHHaH CTPYKTypa ypapT. naHTeoHa 06Hapy>1<aeaeT RB-Kble CBH3H c HH.llOeeponeACKHUH [KaK HX paccMaTpHB8JI ){(. ,llJOueJHJlb]. UeHTpou KyJI&Ta 6ora Xan.nH 61:i1.1J ropo.n Ap.llHHH [3TO ! HaJeaHHe cBR-3blB8JOT T3K>Ke c xyppHT. arda cropO.ll>, HO .na>Ke 'npn CJiytlaHHOM CXO.ll­CTBe HUeH . .llOJl>KHbl 6blJIH B03HHKH)'Tb COOTBeTCTBYIOlllHe MH<i>0"003THlle­CKHe cBH3H]. KcTaTH, KOMnoHeHT-ap.na, KOTOpblH BblCTynaeT e eecKOJtb­KHX ypapT. TeOHHUaX, r. 5. ,lliK8YKHH T8K:>Ke paCCM8TpHB8eT e· CBR3H C 11.-e. •ar-ti- e aHat1eHHH c6or>, c6orH-HH> 30 •

B HauepeHHH H&CTOHI.1.leA cTaTbH He exo.llHT .naJI&HeiiwHA aHaJIH3 06-paaoe ApaH npeKpacHoro H MHTphl-BapyHbl [eepXOBHble 6oru, KOTO­pble, cornaceo )I(. ,lll0Me3HJIJO, CBH38Hbl c nepBOH M&rHKO-!OpH.llHqecKOi\ <t>ytt.KUHeAJ. 0TMeTHM TOJibKO, llTO B JlBye.llHHOM KOMnneKce MHTpa-Bapy­Ha, KOTOpblH MOJ1.emrpyeT KOCMOC B ueJJOM, ero ll8CTH npOTHBOilOCT8BJIH· JOTCH .n.pyr-.npyry no' 6HilapHb1M onno3HUHHM [>KH3Hb·CMepTb, .neHb·HOllb, xopowHA-nnoxoA, wy:>KcKoA->1<eecKliA, ceotl-t1y>1<0A, npaeblA-neeblA31 H T . .:1..] no npHHU.Hny .nonoJIHHTeJI&Horo pacnpe.neneHHH, H M11Tpa ceHJaH c ueinpow, a BapyHa-c nepa<t>epaeA [BapyHa npo.no.'lmaeT MHTpy, KaK nepa<t>epHH ueHTp].

Hy>KHo .oTMeTHTb TBK>Ke, 11To a 3poc, aana.nHoe cooTeeTcTeae apM. Apu, HCTOpHH cBH3H KOToporo c flcHxHeA y AnyneH HanoMHHaeT ·clO)KeT MH<t>a 06 . Apae, · T8K>Ke CBH38H C H.lleeti hpeKpacHdro, ueHTJJOM MHpa: OH np0Tneopet1HB0 .neoAcTeeHeH, TO maeeT, TO yMHpaeT32 • Cp. TaK>Ke H.ll.e?O 0 .ll8JleKOM H 6JIH3KOM 6orax, KOtopble MOryr CJIHTbCH 8 0.ll.HOU 6ore33 •

KaK Aaxee-3noxHM. · · · T.aKHll o6paaoM caMoeaaeaHHe apt.HIH eoc){OJl.HT K H.-e. •poti- [eo'l­

MOX<Hasr npacpopMa-•patij6-, OT ueaaceu.neten&cteoeaHHOH e .ll.pyrax Tpa4HUHHX ct>opMbl *pati-; a - JlJlH or JI8COBKH -o-, cp. HMH OJJ.HOro H3 DaT­pHapxoe apMHH-Hoy]. TaKaH 3THMOJIOrHH caMOH83B8HHH apMstH JJ.ae1 B03M0)KH0CTb conocTaBJleHHH ero c Ha388HHeM ctpaHbl 3THY·HHIXH [resp. hat'ijo-< *patijo-], -01odu waaHa>Ked10 1>1H}!Jld ~d..\ q1t<19 0111ow aodoiox apMHHCKOro COCTOHHHR 3THOHHMa. Cornaceo MH<l:>OJIOrH3Hpoe·aHliOH HCTO---·

.,_ Cw.: t:. r. A•H•••- Bapyea-A:s:ypawaa,lla B Yapy6aHB-BarwamTy (B neuu). • C11.: H. 11. ~u•oao•. K sonpocy o cB111ione Xa~B.-•Jlpesmti Bocio•t, !f '·

Ep_eBBR, t983. c. 19t-193 . • C11.:· a. A.. fpa•TO•••I. Pa11BJIJI BCTOPJIJI 11p8HCKJt][ n.11e11e11 IlepeAHei Aa•.

~ .• 1970, c. _:D>:-305 . .• Cw.1 "· 11 ...... 1'111111, l.w.11tuil1w.G z°lqlUll! ftlJ'UIJ'UIWlfwG \Jigw11wanul1- 'l\wu11lw-

J1WGwu}lpwlfwG flwG\11U>, 1988, .)I 1, t! 49-IKl: · : ~'. .;C11.; *· A10•tl8JID .. Bep:s:oJIB~e. 6o111 11e]lOesponeiiJJ:es. · M:~ 1987, o. 38 li cJl. 12 C11.: B. H. Tonopoa. DoeJITBe f;llJe,l\eJIL...,. c, 108-.HO. ~~ C11.: B. n. Bela6epr. l.fe.110BeK • ;JCY_:.iJ.:ry.pe jlpes11ero BnBJKHero .. BOc:TOKB. M ••

IQ86, c. 144 B CJI.

••

pHtiecKOH rpaJI.HUHH, f aHK 1KHJI Ha cesepe BaHcKoro o3epa, no ero cblH Ap[a]MaHHK-Ap[a]MeHaK nepewen a o6nactb Atipapar, B Apaparc1<y10 .WJIHHy, KoropaH nocne 3toro H craHOBHTCH ueurpaJibHOH o6nactbIO Ap­MCHHH, ee HCTOpHlJCCKHM, 3KOHOMHlJeCKHM, nOJIHTHlJeCKHM peJIHl'H03HbD.{ 11.enrpoM. B Aitpapare uaxo.aHJIHCb no'llTH see 06u.leap:'lrn11cKHe CTOJillllU [nop51JlKa JlCCSlTH, HCI\JIIO'leirne-T11rpaHaKept; l<OTOphlii 6blJI . nocrpoe11 B uempe HMnepHH THrpaHa BenHKOro] or ApMannpa 3 4, KOTOpblH 6bIJI taK­)1\e H nepnblM penHrH03HhIM ueHrpoM, JI.O Epesana. ApapatcKy10 ;.ll.OJIHHY on0Hcbrna1or ropttbIH MaccHB Aparan, ropa ApaH, fexaMcKHH: [fenaMCKHH] xpe6er, BoJ1bwor1 " Manblii Apapar [no-apMHHCkH-Macnc] H HX npo­AOJrn<ettHe-xpe6er Ait1<aKa11 nap. Teo<t>opHblH xapanep 3TH:ic rono11HMOB o•reeHJleH, oco6eHHo coJI.ep}l{amHx KOMno11e11r Apa~. ApaparcKaH JI.OJIHHa uaJblBaJiacb noneM ApaH. Aparau MO)Ket o31ta•ratb noHc, HJIH pH.A, Ilenh lHMeetcH s BHJI.y ropnblH xpe6er] ApaH35 , HJIH cnoJIH ApaH>, [na 110.1J.-11ox<be ropbl 11axoJI.HJIHCb JI.epeBHH Ardik'-HblHe ropo.u. AptHK, uepKOBb Ap.u.asacHK, cp. •ar-ti-], HJIJI •110-10, cBH3aHHOe c HMeHeM · ApaH 3THMono-1 H'IecKH HJIH a11arpaMM8THtiecKH; «ropa ApaH> He rpe6yer oco6blx 06bHC-11e1111ii. rexaMc1rnii xpe6er cBSI31>1BaetcSI c HMeHeM narpnapxa Ge1am-a, ;te;u1 ApaMa. 3rn ropbt Ha3bIBaJIHCb raKiKe Getay [fexcKHe ropbl] H lielarl<'uneac' [fexapKynnikKHC ropbt] 36 ; KaK Mbl crpeMHJIHCb ,noKa3ath OTllOCHTeJibllO orpa>KeHHH KOpHH *l~el- 8 apMHHCKOii MH$,OJIOrJiH, MHO­ro•mrJICilllble nono6HblC ronoHHMbl noro pationa XOTSI 6bl l!aCTHlJHO BOCXO}lSIT I( HHJI.OeepoueikKOMy KOpHIO ··~el-, KOTOpbIM KOJlHpOBaJIOCb HM>l JMeSI nponmHHKa 6ora rpo3bl [Ha 3THX ropax pacnoJio>KeHbl KaMeHHI~e CTCJIJ;bl--BHllI311bl-«.UPaKOHbl>, aHaJIH3 H306pallCeHJdl Ha KOTOpblX llC­l\Cl3blllaCT HX CBS13b c «OCllOBHblM» MH<l>OM: 3.u.ecb x<e cocpeJJ.OTOtJeHO 60Jtb­JllllIICT130 MHOrDlJHCJieHHblX TOnOHHMOB OT KOPHH get-, H BOSJie HeKOTPpbl:< 11a nnx BCtpeqalOTCH rpynnhI BHwanos. HaH60JibWaff rpynna BHwanon 1wxo;uncH Ha rope fex. CaMan 6oJibWaH ropa xpe6ra-A)KJJ.axaK na3bl.-1rneTCH no HMeHn .u.pa1<0Ha upancKoit MHcl>OJIOrHH, 3,llech 11axo.llntcn Oua-6ep;i «3MeHHaH Kpenoctb> H OuH rer c3Metrnan peKa>], cp. raKiKe 3nH­rer ApaH-rexeUHK, CBS13aHHblH c OMOHHMHtieCI<HM 1<0p11eM "1iel-.

Cornac110 JierenJI.e, s rope Apapar 3atotJeu uapb Aprana3JI., 1<010pwr1 6b!JI npOKJISlT CBOHM OTU.OM-ApTarnecoM, OCBOOO.>KJleHHe KOTOporo 6y.ner 03Ha•rntb Dtt6eni, MHpa. AHaJIH3 noit JiereHJlbl, CJ\CJiaHHbIH M. A6ersmoM, O•IeBHJlllbtM o6pa30M nOK33blB.aeT CBH3b 9TOro ClmKeTa c rp030BbIM 37 ' T. e. «OCHOBHblM> MH<l>OM [Bora rp03br no6e.>K.rr.aer 3MeH; }l{eHa H3MeHHeT. eMv (' ero npOTHBHHKOM; CblH 6ora H3-3a HapyweHHSI KaJ<OrO-TO :3anpera mi­i<a3btB8eTCS1, 110 noTOM eo3pO>KJI.aercH. C10>Ket 06 ApTamece " Aprnsa3Jle 110Jmoctb10 coanaJJ.aer c 3THM Mn<t>oM]. Kcrarn, HpaHc1me HMena HCTO­pH'ICCKHx Ilapeii Aprarneca " Apraaa3.lla aocxoJJ.RT K H.-e. *ar-t-, n cBH-3a11bl c HMeHeM Apaii auarpaMMaTH'llec1rn, llTO JI.OJDKHO 6blJtO urpatb 3Ha •1eHHe npu C03.ll3HHH cooreercray1omero MH<t>a. MacHc ctiuraJicH MeCTOM 06HT3HHH 3MeH H BHWanos [to ectb npOT.HBHHKOB 6ora rp03bl, -KOTOpb!A, 1<3K H y JI.pyrnx HH.llOeaponeAcKHX uapO.llOB, y apMHH 6b1Jl CBji38H c eep-

•• 3Ty uepayJO cTomnzy uo upeA&HBJO nocTpoun ci.m ApaHae11Ka_:_cAp(a)•:1aiac.

Uepnan '18CTb 1183B8DBJI l'OPOA& B COOTDeTCTBYIOll(BX nepco11ameii )lOJilKB8 6blr& 3TB­

MOJIOrH'leCKB ce11aa11a c HMe11eM ApaMa u OJ(HOKopeHHblMu cnoeaMH. Cp. raKme naa-

11auue nepaoii CTOJIHUbl fpyaRR-ApM83B R COOTBeTCTBYIOU\Ril: rpyaRHCKRii: TeOHHM.

35 t. 1L11.111Jwll, ~wnw12GGw'lftua 11 u111m~wpu.iGwljwG llbuiwqnmnrp1mGG'b11, byl., 1974, t2 48-50, "bnqllfi, UljGw11ljG'bJ1 Rw1ng 111nllw111lb11}1 UjWU1"'11p1wa, byl., 1976, t2 78-?9: 0 nepOllTHOCTR CBJl3R UMellR rophl co C.10BOM IlOJIC cuu;:ierem.crayer T8KlK9 :iereB)l8,

COl'Jl8CJIO KOTopoii 8pMllHCKRe ropbl pan&me 6bJJIR 6p&TbJIMH R 6or RX npeapaTRJI B

K&Mellb B ll8K888HBe aa TO, 'IJTO OUR O)lH8lK)lY Il03)l0pOB8JI'RCb, aa6wB 38BJl38Tb IIOllCW,

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ll'b11}1 111b11.wlhnGlllql}111WnW1'wG, ft. 1, byl., 1988, t2 82P-• 87 '1. 0.,lng..a, bii'IJ'bJI, ft. U, t2 180-158, 4Z8s

10.

ll1HHaMH rop38]. 9TH BHWaribl pa3 8 HeCKOJlbKO JlfT BOJOIOT c BHWanaMH Aparaua39 • B OJI.HOH Jiereu.ne coxpaHHJicn TaK>Ke MOTHB npoKJISITHSI. Apa­rau [ropa COOTHeceHHaSI c ApaeM, TO eCTb 8 KOHTeKCTe OCHOBHOro MH<t>a cblHOM-npoTHBHHKOM rp0Moeep:>1rna] H Macuc npoKJIHHaJOT .npyr .npyra40 .

u·lfeBH.ll.HO, lfTO Macnc J.nec& JI.OJDKeH 6b1Tb cOOTHeceH c rpoMoeepR<UeM, 1rnrnp0My, KCTatu, noceHmaJIHCb caMble 6oJibWHe ropbl, a Macuc-caMaSI BbJCOKaSI ropa ApMeHHH. B MH<j>e raifK-60r rp03bl npe.ncTaBJISieTCSI c1'a­pb1M naTpnapxoM, Apaif-MOJIO.ll.blM KpacaeueM, H XopeHaUH [l, 12] 01:11-chrnaeT Macuc 1<aK cTapyio ropy cpe.n.u MOJIOJI.blX, .na H JJ.pyrne MHOrolfHCJieH­Hble JiereHJI.bl a·oKa3blBaJOT cBSI3b. 3TOH ropbl c 6oroM rpo3bI [cp. rnK11<e noJJJ.Hee HaJBaHne xpe6Ta, Ha KOtopoM Haxo.u.nTCSI Macnc, Aif11<aKa11 nap-­«ApMHHCKHH l<pyr», cp. HMSI raiiKa).

TaKoe pacnpe.neJieHHe TOilOHHMOB, CBSI3aHHblX c HMeHaMH nepcoHa­}l{eH «OCHOBHoro» MH<l>a e ApapaTCKOH JI.OJIHHe H eoKpyr nee, 0Tpa1Kaer ;tpee11eapMnHCKy10 Mn<PoJioi·irt1ecKy10 Mo.n.eJI& MHpa-coornecenuocTh ApaH 1caK H po.11.cTBeHA&1x eMy MnTp&1 H 3poca 1< ue1npy, cepeJlHHe [ «110Jie Apam>-ueHTp AflpapaTa, KOTOpblH Ha3&IBaJicn Mijnasxa~h Hargoc'­«cpe.nnuuasi o6JiaCTb ApMeHHH], c neKOTOpbIM cMemeHHeM na cenep [ce-13ep cooTHecen c uenTpOM e npeJI.CTaBJiemrnx, 11anpm1ep, uu.no-npa1men 11 MHornx napo.non A3nn], nepcona>Ka *i~el- " nocToKy, H 6ora rpo3w K rory. B 3TOH CBSl3H. uy>Kuo JaMeTHTh, lfTO 1111.noenponeikKHe nJieMe11a BO BJ?eMst caonx nepeJtBHJKeunii uMeHaMn repoeB «oc110B11oro» MH<~a 11a3bIBaJin Bee HOBble u uoable reorpacj>nt1ecKHe o6neKTbl, 11 MecTHOCTb 0611TaHHS1 pac­nrnTpHBaJiaCb HMH ·Ka1< cueua, Ha KOTopofi pa3blrpbIBaeTcn CJOil\eT noro Mif<Pa 41 • B. apMSIHCKoii Tpa;1)1unn 1iaJnanne iora-hara(J> 3THMOJ1or11t1ec1rn .;en3a110 c .np. HH.n,. purva «nepe.11.unii», «BOCTOlfHblH», aeeCT. paurvJ <'.'IC­

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Hoo6me apMSIHCKOH MH<j><'>JIOrHH npucyma, ecm1 Mo11rno TaK c1<a3aTh, Boe1rnan HanpasJieHHOCTb Ha !Or [cp. MH(j>bl 0 rar1Ke, ApaMe, Apae, Ti1r­palie H T . .n.], lfTO JierKo oo"bstCHHMo HCTopnt1ecKHMH npHllHHaMH, H coo1'-1~ec_euuocTb 6ora rpo3bl. H BOHHbl K noHSITHSIM «nnepe.n.» H «!Or» ue Bbl3bl· eaeT COMHeHHH.

ECJIH JOr 8 apMSIHCKOH MO)l.e.in MHpa CBSIJaH c .ll.BH}l{eHHeM enepe,!!., TO C,lleBa, T, e. C He.no()pOJKeJiaTeJibHOii,·. 0TpI1U3TeJibHOH, BpaR<eCKOH CTOpOHbl 6y.a.ei: BOCTOK; l!TO H MOrJIO OOYCJIOBHTb Ha3blB3HHe BOCTO'IHblX rop .H npo­BHHUHH [rex~ 'rexaMH, rexap!CyHH] KOpHeM· liMeHH OTpnuaTeJlbHOrO nep­COH3}1{3 «ocHoeuoro:. MHipa. KcTai'n, y}l{e OTMelfeua neKOTopaSI «nepmj>e­pHHHOCTb» B ynoTpe6.neHHfi 3TOro KOpHSI B HH}lOeBponeACKOH 3THOHHMllH H rono11HMHH, 'IT·o, B03MOJKHO, CBSI3auo c ero ceMaHTHKOii 43 • B .n.pyroi-i pa6oTe HOKa3aH crporo reHeaJiornt1ecKHf1 xapa1<Tep apMstHcKoA MHcj>oJionrn 44 • rite po.n 'uatiunaeTcSI c ()ora rpo3bl [t1acTasi cxeMa-Bor rpo3bl ... , r.iaBHbIH re­poH:,. BOc~peca10mnf1 nepcouali<, cp. oqepe.llHOCTb naTpuapxoa-raAK ... ,

. 31 CM. TUI me, fi. l;', ,1:2 78. 89 CM. Tur· >lee, Ii. U, 1:2 186. Tu1 me CM. o cxo,11cTee .11re11,11, ca.11aann1a1x c MacncoM B ropoii HewpyT [=Hull

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40 11. l).wll111t,wls1111l1 02'[. W2)u., I:! 10-11.s •• H. H, Haaaoa, B. If. Toriopoa, M•cf>oJior&'IecKRe reorpa!l>B'lecl'ae naaaanBJI KaK

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11poc1.1 aTnoreReaa B l:ITRH'IeCKOI HCTOpBH CJJ8BJIH H BOCTO'IHLIX nowanu,eu, M., 1976; c. 109 H en. C.:M. raKme M. 3.11Ba,11e. Roc:woc R nctope11. M., 1987, c. 36 H en .

•• r. B. ](acayKaa. CpaBBHTeJILH8Jl rpaMMaTHKa ap1umc1wro Jl3LIK8 ... , c. 38. •J C.:iw:.: B. B. HaaaOll, B. H. Tonopo11. H eonpocy o npoecxom,11eHHH orno11HM6

«Bana:t.:11» ... , c. 77. 44 0.. ~1nnpnu11llfl, l.w1'4wltwG wnwuuitqw11wGn1p1wG fl)nJGwljwG H~UIJIWG\Ultwll ulull­

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• 1 Cu.: M•4>W uapoJl,OB MHpa, T. I, M .• t980; c.:. 203:• 41 U.. 'luaGmtuillsual, G2'1.. w2Ju., 1:2 28-24: ·· ; '

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Ha ceeepo-eocTOKe .ll.OJIHHbl ropo.D.a EpH3a [TIOpK. 3pH3HHJJ.JKaH], .npyroro 3H311HTeJibHoro o6IUeapMHHCKoro KYJI&Toeoro ueHTpa, Haxo.11.HTCH ropa CB, fpHrOpHH npoceeTHTeJIH (3TOT XpHCTHaHCKHll CBHTOH COOTBeTCT· eyeT H3bllleCKOMy ApalO npeKpacHOMy52], a B 0.ll.HOH H3 JtereH)l H" Apa'ra,u CBH3blBaeTCH c npoceeTHTeJieM 53 • TaKHM o6pa30M, .11.peeHeapMJIHCKftl npeJl.CTaBJieHHSI COOTHeCeHHOCTH CTOpOH CBeTa c pa3HblMH MH.<t>ono'ru11ecKH· MH nepcoHa>KaMH OTpa.>KaJOTCH B TOnOHHMHKe H .D.pyrnx MeCTHOCTCii, OT· Me11em11>1x e MH<t>onorn11ecKoM H KYJibTOBOM nnaHe. ApapaTcKaH JlOJIHHii Oblna nocBHll.leHa 6o>KecTey cooTHeceHHoro c uen1por.1 MHpa, a cornacHo HcTop1-111ecKoA Tpa.D.HU.HH Kyn&TOB&Ie ueHTpbl H Mywa, 11 Epn3bl 6oJiee noJJUrne; 11eM ApMaeHpCKHH. 11MeHHo e ApapaToKoii .n.omme JioKaJIHJyeT 3THore11eTH'leCKHH MH4> cTaHOBJieHne ApMeHHH, ee Ha'lano cpa3y iKe noc­.i1e I :aAKa, H HMeHHo e oHoMaCTHKe ApapaTCKOH .11.on1111&1, o OTJIH'IH.e OT ;i.o:tniH Mywa H EpH3bl, nonHee coxpaHHJIHC& HMeHa repoee 3THore11eTH· 11ecKoro MH<t>a. OTpa:>K310ll.lHe reHeaJIOrHJO 6oroe H ctpyKTYPY Jl.P('BHeH~ 11ero apMSIHCKOrO naHTeoHa. · <l>aKT, 1110 AupapaT a ApapaTcKaH .ll.OJIHHa 6&1JIH ueurpoM Apr.ieHHft, He Tpe6yeT _.ll.OKa3aren&cre. Ho c _KaKHX nop? Cornacuo 06menp1111HTOH B uayKe KOHuenUHH-noc.'le na.D.eHHH Ypapry54 . Ho ecnH, KaK c11Hr·a10-r y11e· 111>1e, ApMeHHH nO.D.HHJiac& H3 pyHH Ypapry, TO no11eMy ocran.JIHH (5on~e Ky.1rbTYPHble H pa3BHTble ueurpanbHble oo.'lacrH Ypapry c eeJIHKoii crnnH· uer1 Tywnoii, apM511ie C)l.eJiaJIH CBOHM ueHTpOM npOBllHUHaJ1bHblr1 AApapiT na ceeepe Ypapty e cTpaHe 3rHyHn, >KHTeJieu KOTOpblx H. M . .llbH•KOHOB H83h1Bae1 «3THBU.aMH>? Ecnn Mbl cMO>KeM noKa3aTb, 1110 MH<f>OJ1orn 11en:0t npe,11.craeJieHHe o MHpe c ueHrpoM e ApaparcKoA Jl.OJIHHe n c apMHllCKHMK H3383HHSIMH . cyll.leCTBOB3JIO H B ypapTCKYJO 3noxy, Mbl ,').OKait<eM, '110 HMeHHO 3TH «3THBU.bl> H SIBJIHIOTCSI apMeHOSl3blllHblMH npe;lK3MH Hawero napoJl.a, a 11a3eaHHe HX H ecTb ypaprcKaH <t>opMa apxa1I 1moro eapHaHT~ 3THOHHMa apMSIH. 3TO 6y.D.eT )l.0K33aHO, eCJIH BblSIBHTb B ypapTCKIIX JICTOLI· HHKax XOTSI 6bl HeKOTopy10 113CTb H33BaHHhlX reo<t>opHblX TOnOHHMOB 3TO· ro perHoHa. TaKHM·H npHMepaMH HBJISIIOTCH cne.D.yIOIUHe. B ypapT. HaJJ.nH· CHX ecrpe11aeTCSI Ha3BaHHe «CTpaHbl> BeJillKY·HHIXH, KOTOpoe JIOK3JIH3Y· ITCH e paAoHe apMSIHCKOH npoeHHU.HH Geiak'uni· HJill Gelark'uni ( oom~e 003.ll.HSIR <t>opMa]. HCTOpw.iecKHM npe)lwecTBeHHHKOM H3388HHSI KOTOporo 1 RBnReTcst SenHKY· [1~elaku-, 06 HHJI.oeeponeikKOM H Teo<t>opHoM xapaK· Tepe 3TOro Ha3B3HHSI CK833HO Jl.0CTaTO'lH055]. .llpyrnM TaKHM .>Ke npHMe­POM HBJistercR HaseaHHe «CTpaHbl» 3pHKya-xH [ecTpeqaercsi: TaK.>Ke e <tJop­Max .HpeKyaxH, 11pKyaxH: noKaJIHJyeTcH e paAoHe rop1>1 ApapaT). Ero MO>KHO CBR33Tb c apMSIHCKHM pa3BHTIJeM JIHJJ.OeeponeiicKoro KOpHH •per)<ll-H-1 CBSl33RHOro c HHMH 6ora rp03bl. «CBH3b Hll)l.OeeponeHCKOro HMeHH '6ora Lnpa<t>opMa-•perk11 (h)u-a], 1<0TOpbIM 060311at1anHc1> HaJBaHHe JJ.y6a, ropbl rpo11a' •per(k!.i)u-n- c HaJeaHHeM 'ropHoro .D.y6a', 'JJ.y6oeoro Jieca 1t11 ro­pe', 'ropbl', 'cKaJibl' •per (k'-') u- nerKo oobHCHHeTcH JJ.peeHeHmHMH npe;l· CTaBJieHHRMH 0 'MOJIHHH', nopa>1<a101ueii MOlllHble JJ.y6bl Ha eepWHH~X

II U'. 11.pll'U•ll. b11'4bJ1, II. 1, t2 185-186: II u.. 'l\.111"11lt1llGJ•G, a2ii. w2)u., t2 72-78: -It '1. 1J 1nllg, \J'ti fl)1Q uiw2V1wlfnlG11)1 flliVll!hJlt! l.w1wuV1wGnul.-l.w1wu111wcq. _Ufwvnhn­

)tpl1G, b)i'llwO, 19'12: '\. • 1 s I )I, l.}IG Rw1ng w2)uw11Rw1wg12J!. '11w1111fw'14wll nu1n1dliwu)l11m• 1t1nlGGb11, 4>w11)1q, 1948:

as 1L. 'l\,wG111twG11111i i21{. w2)u., I:! 888: 14 l.w1 ctnrtn1J.11~)1 u1 ·1nhntt1ma, R. t, bJI., 1971, t2 428--443, 11 AP· . H Onuoii Ba pacupoCTpaeennblX OCHOB B HllP,OeeponeiicKllX JTHO·T0DOllRM8X OT Ropna

•vet- 11UJ1nca • u el-k·, •1acro c nanLneiimuu pacU1Hpe11ue•1 -u-. C11. B. ~- Dueoa, I. H. Touopo•. H aoupocy o upoacxoHCAenuH amoea11a «saaaxiu •.. , c. i7.

ltl

i·opn>. UpHMe118TeJibHo, iiro Ha rope ApapaT, r.ile HhlHe HeT .nepeebee, .!J.O cax nop Haxo.11J1T o6noMKH .llepeea [npeuMyl.llecTBe1rno .lly6a], paJlHoyr­nepO.llHhlA aHaJIH3 KOTOpblx noKa3blBaeT, qro .D.epeBbSI poCJIH Ha Apapate eme e VH-VIII BeKax ttaweii 3pw57 , a cor.iacHo apa6cKOMY reorpacpy HcT8XpH, Ha ApapaTe neca u oxoTHH11bH Mecra 6hl.'IH H e X eeKe58 [e MH<l>e 06 ApTaea3.lle OH H.lleT oxoTHThCSI Ha Ka6aHoa Ha rope ApapaT]. B ypapTCKOH OHOMacTm<e BCTpeqaeTCSI Ha3BaHHe HpKyaHHH [ecm1 He ea­pHaHT ~pHKyaxn, To Mo:tKeT ohlTb m.rn uapsi 59], uapcKHM ropO.llOM KOTo­poro 6hlJI ropo.ll Hpyna-HH, To:me cpaa111IMhlii c *peru-. B OHOMaCTHK6 3Toro paifoHa MO.>KHO HaHTH cJieJlbl Ta1rn,;e 1rne1111 ApaH, 11.1111 11a3oa11uii, CBH38HHblX c HHM 3THMOJIOrH11eCKH llJlll anarpa111MaTHlfeCKH. «CTpaHa~ ce­aepHee Aparaua Ha3bJBa,1acb 3puaxu, cp. *ar (a) jii- 11 tonoHHM KyMaiipH (JleHHHaKaH) B STOM paJ'.ioHe [HeCOOTBeTCTBHe nepaoro rnacHoro MO.>KeT 06"bHCHHTbCH pa3HHUdi npOH3HOWeHHi'l a- B MeCTHOM ;i.naJieKTe II n ypapT­CKOM].

B OJl.HOA Ha.nnucH H3 KapMHp-6nypa ynoMHHaeTcH Ha3eauae Apte­HH, KoTopoe cpaa11Haa10T c apM. tta3eamIHMH rophl ApTeHH [eapaaHThl--­ApTHH, ApTHC, ioro-3anaJlHee Apara1la]. 3To Ha3B8HHe HMeeT otteBHJ(Hoe apMHHCKOe npOHCXOiK.lleHHe [OT art «HHBa, noJie>,-f. 5 . .ll>KayKHH, HO T81<He TODOHHMbl HeJih3SI paccMaTpHB8Tb BHe CBH3H c coce.llHHMH HaJBa­HHHMH). B ottoMacrnKe 6mrnne:nrnmnx paf1011oe rop Aparau u Apasi ncTpe-11aJOTcR Ha3B8HHH, 3TllMOJIOrHlfeCKH HJIH auarpaMMaTHlfeCKH CBH3aHHble c H.-e. *ar-t-, 11TO HBJIHeTCH CJie.llCTBHeM DOCBSII.lleHHOCTH 3THX paHOHOB 6ory Apaio. [Ap.llHK-HhlHe ApTHK, Ap.1laaac11K ropo.:i. H uepKOBb B paAoue Aparalla, t:reap,!1.-;i.epeetrn B03Jie ropbl Apa}I, cp. Kap.llOC H HyapJl. HMe-11a ChlHa u .>1<CHbI Apasi]. TaKHM o6pa3oM, cymecTeoeanHe H83eanHH Ap­-reHH H 3pnaxH MOiKeT KOCBeHHblM o6pa30M CBH!leTeJibCTBOBaTb 0 HaJIH· 1111H COOTBeTCTBYIOI.llHX 6JIH3KO 3B)'lJaUUIX Teocj>opHbIX TOllOHHMOB B 3TOM pai1one [cp. TaK>Ke Ha3aaHHe ropbl Ap.11HKWH e paAoee MycaeHpa-Ap· .11.HHH).

B npHBe.lleHHblX npHMepax nepeXO.il.bl *p-> (f) > h, ro II ·~:::----g xa-paKTepHbl .llJIH apMHHcKoro H3h1Ka [TaKoe iKe pa3e11rne p-> f- 11a6mo­.'1.aeTcH B xaTTCKOM H xyppHTCKOM H3b1Kax, 11TO MO.>KeT npOJIHTb coeT Ha npoctpaHCTBeHHO-BpeMeHHYIO xapa•KTepHCTHKY 3Toro HBJleHHR B ap·MSIH· CKOMl.

BhlwenpHBe.lleHHble OHOMaCTHtiecKne coorneTCTBHH c napHJ"J.Y c R03MG>h· HblM OTO.>K.il.eCTBJie~rne:vi na3namrn CTpaHbl 3rny-m1/xH c HCTOpHtteCKH eepmIT· HblM npOTOTHilOM caMOHa3BaHIIH apMSIH [*patijo-> "hat'iyo->hay] Jl0K8· 3blBaIOT HCTopu11ecKy10 noc.1e}loBaTeJibHOCTh OT 3THYHH K ApMemm.· Ca· MOHa3BaHHe apMSIH, TalUIM o6pa30M, l!C npOIICX0..'1.HT OT H83B3HHR 3THY.., a, Hao6opoT, 3THy- HBJIHeTCH ypapTCKHM 0Tpa>Ke1mel\I TOro npoTOapMHHCKOro 3THOHUMa, KOTOphlii enocJie,.'l.CTBHH nepeweJI 13 cospeMeHHOe caMOIIa388HHe a,pMHH. Hu>Ke Mhl npHBO.llHM HecKOJihKO HMen 3THyHu H :1.pyrnx 06nac1eji ~-papTy, KOTOpble MOryT 6b1Tb 06"bSICHeHbl Ha 6a3e .llpem1eiiwero apMHll· CKOro [nporoapMHHCKOro) H3b!Ka. ru.11poHHMb1 6D-caMaR apxaHlfH8SI 11aCTb TODOHHMOB. HJI;J.apynua 1B03MO>KHO-HbJHeWHblfl Pa3,ll.aH], cp. *ett-/*alt-,

"" C11.: T. B. faxBpe.llBMe, B. B. Baaeo•, yKaa. co11., c. 615, Till >Ke 11pa11epw • .IIllTepaT)'pa aonpoca. C11. T&KiKe C. JI. HBKOJiaen, A. B. C111axoa. I\ 11aaaana10 6ora rpoxonepan~a B BBA08BponeiicKBJ: Jl3WK8J:. B KB. 08JITO-CJl8BJIHCBBe HCCll8AOHUBJI,

1985, M., 1987, c. 149-161. bt C11.: H. A. KpuaeaeB. Ba6.11a11: acTopHKO·KpHTH'lecKaii: aua.11Ba. M.. 1985, c.

142-143. 51 l.w1'4w'4wG Um[b.111w~wG flwGpwq.}11nwpwG, R. 1, bfl,, 1974, t2 691: •• C11.: H. B. Apyr10aaa. HoBaJJ ypapTCK&JI B&An•c& Ha Cacuaua.--«Apea11aii Boe·

TOK•, .M 4, Epeaau, 1983. tiU Tpaucxpun~BR H .llOK8.111138~BJI TODOHBMOB, eC.llB ocooo ue oroaapBBBIOTCO:fl, BRB­

DOAJITCJI co:~acuo KHHre H. B. ApyTIOBJIB. Touos1111BHa YpapT)'. Epeaan, 1985, ,I\~11 ob.llen:eJIDJI B8'18T8BBJI TeKCTa ypapTCKBe 11118B8 ARIOTCJI B pyccKoi TpaucKpBDI~B ..

Ill

ocnoea Muorux uu.u.oeeponeiicKHX ru.u.poHHMos-AnToc e .M.aKeJJ.oHHH, AJI­ro B HJI.rrnp11u, AJITHHYM B Beueuuu, An.u.a e AnaTOmrn•1, apM. a;u cpy-11eH>, <*sreu- u cn0>KHhlii HHAoeeponeiicKHA cy$$nKc-nUa· Apuaeea-

A I • ' apM. pauauu, cp. u.-e. *ar(a)g - «6JiecTeTb». C 3THM KOpHeM oqeeu.u.uo cBH3auo rpeq. uaseanue 'Ap<JT)[ar(]vri A.iµvT) BancKoro osepa, KOTopoe conna.u.aeT c apM. uaseauneM ropo.u.a Apqern =ypapT. ApualllKy: eo:MO:>KHaH npa<J>0pMa nocneJJ.nux HMee-*arg'esk(h)o- [c cy$$HKCOM •-esk(h)o-]H.

11nTepecuo, qTO HMH nepeoro uap.R YpapTy, KOTopoMy npunaJJ.ne1KaJJ ropo.u. ApualllKy-ApaMy, TaK1Ke HMeeT BeCbMa npospaqehlii apMHHCKHH o6JIHK, cp. MHcj>onorHqecKoe HMH ApaM. B 3TOM peruoae HMena uapeA 11Hor.u.a (npae.u.a, pe.u.Ko) MoryT coenaJJ.aTb c TeOHHMaMH . .Lln.R ApaMa xopoweu napannenbJO HBJI.ReTC:.R HM.R JIHJJ.HAcKoro uap.R KaeJJ.aena, coe­naJJ.aiomero C MeOHHikKHM HMeHeM repMCCa, a repMec-6aJIK8HCKOe COOT­eeTCTBHe apM. ApaMa. Cp. TaK:>Ke OC06hlii KYJibT repMeca y <J>paKHHCKHX uapeii (l'epOJJ.OT, V, 7) H COOTHeCeHHOCTH uapCKOH BJl8CTH c npeCTO.'lb­HblM ropOJJ.OM- -ApMaBHpOM.

Ha3BaHHe ropo.u.a A.1111a coenaJJ.aeT c apM. ua3eanHeM peKH Ati cco­JieHaH»63, TaK 1Ke HMeeyeTcH BancKoe osepo e MH$onorHqecKHX TeKcTax 0 raiiKe H Bene. ECTb TaK)Ke peKa AnaHHH, CBH38HHaH, BHJJ.HMO, c 3THM >Ke. l<OpHeM [B03MOiKHO c apM. cy$$HKCOM]. Bee JJ.OJI>KHbl BOCXOJlHTb K 'sal-«COJib», BCTpeqaiomeMyCH B HHJJ.OeeponeiicKHX rHJJ.pOHHMax14. 3THO­TODOHH,Mbl. Y:>Ke .u.ocTaToquo 6hlJIO cKa3ano 06 3THynu, BenaKyeu, 3pu­Kyaxu; A6yuu=apM. Haw(n)unik', eepoHTHO, OT apM. haw<*HauHo­«Jl.e.u.» [ coce.airnsi npOBHHUHH ua3b1Banacb Ordunik' OT ordi «CblH>]; JIH­KHy, cp. apM. lik, lie «03epo>, [*leg-j-, eaxo.u.nTcSI y 03epa Ceeeiu]; Hlll­Tenyauu, cpaBHHMO c apM. TODOHHMOM Astetanj. [B TOM JKe paiioue], 01' aslt «3Be3JJ.a»65 [*astel-], OT KOTOporo HMeJOTCSI MHOroqncJieHHble TODO­HHMbl e ApMo..'HHH, ApMapunu, ApMyna, ApMe u no.u.., cp. MH$onornqec1<oe HMSI ApaM H 31'HMOJIOrHqecKH CBSl3aHHhlA c HHM 3THOHHM. tfro KacaeTCH ;rnqHhlX HMeH, TO .llHYUHHH M01KeT no-apMSIHCKH OCMblCJISITbCSI KaK «pOlK­.il.CH~lblH ooroM» OT dj.(k') <*dhes- c6or>, po.u.. na.u.e1K di(l)c' H cin<*g'en­«po.u.», «po:>KJ.J.aTb». 3Toro U8pS1 H83blBalOT «UapeM 3THYXH>. flOJ(.06Hble

61 T. B. ra11Kpe.1HAae, B. B. Baaeoa, yKaa. CO'l., c. 945. 62 11. 'ltlivip•ui•ll9 l..w1 gh11.wGnd4! n11iq1lu flwG11ni1t1udl ftwuw11wlfwlfudl lfwnn1gilw6ptl

rnh11d)ia: 'JloKaneaa11,BIO ropop;a c11. 0. 0. Kapareaaa. Jl0Ka.11eaa11,BJI ypapTcKoro nap­cxoro ropop;a APl\&mKy. «BecTnHK 06J11,ecTBenawx 11ayKt, 1971i,.N!5: EcnB e.-e. sk(h)-> apM. -s- npouaomeJI O'leHJ, paao [cM. r. B. AacayKaR. 011epKB no BCTOPBB non:ec1>­Me11Horo oepmona apMJIBCKoro J1awKa... c. 318, cp. E. r. XnaT)'poea. Apeauei1DJ1e ap· YJIBo-u•p;o-apaucKlle KOBTRKTY, B KH.: Bonpocbl cpaBBBTeJJbHoii rpaMH&TBKB apM&B· cKoro JIJLIKa, Epeaaa, 1979, c. 347-348], TO -ku- B Apl\aWKy 11o>KeT CiwTh OTAe.IIJ.BWll ~p118HTOM [cp. H8llPHMep, ap11. -kc, DOK838TS.1Ih llHOHCeCTBSBHOrO 'lBCJJa, B8Chll8 npo­;tyl\TBBBJ:Jii' B TOllOllO:M.8CrBKe, ·nplll'OM Te me TODOHBMW '18CTO BCTpe'laIOTCJI B 6ea no­ro]; CornacHo 0. 0. Rapariiaany naaaaaee ApnomKy oepenaaa.11oci. TaK>Ke pe6ycebl111 11an11caaae11 URUNA4 : ,\N SE, rne eneorpauMa AN$E wy11ep. •oci!Ju, cp. ap11. e§ cociat n TOIIOHHM Artes [O. 0. Kapareaaa AAST p;pyroe 06·ucue11ee]. B 11o>Kao oo.11araTL, 'ITO 110 Bpei.tena AprBWTB II B apxaacxoM yme 61a1.11 ocyJ11,ecTBJ1e11 nepexop; *sk(h) >s [wena111,aa a4>4>PBK8Ta e11ecTo CBBCTJIJD,eii B H83B8HBB Ap'lew-peayJJhT8T B.IIB'iIIHll noc.11enaero I]. 3r• 11ame aTu110.11oree uaaaaneii Apanaue n Ap~amKy upeae;?.eBht e B ABCcepTallBOHHO'ii pa6oTe B. r. A>KDraHJIUa «faµpOHBMbl apMJIBCKOro H.lrOpMU (1987), rne 8CTh 1il JI~ree apllJIBCKUe 8TBMOJIOrBB ypapTCKHX TOROHBMOB.

63 i.. 1'1.11puacaa11C111111i, Ulliqwq.]IJI w11.111nlJ1GbJ11' U.1]1w 11w11.w11n.-cl.11wpll11 flumw11wlfwlfwG q.}nnmp1n1GGh11]1>, 1975, .NII 4, I:! 89-98:

... Cp. c. r. IleTJH)Cm. Apeaaeim•e H83B8HHft tiepuoro 11opa, oaep VpMBJI B Ban B caeTe. 11ectH>.11ore11ecKex upep;cToB.11eeei npeaunx apu:an.-«BecTBBK 06111,ecTBCBBhl.I HOYJC•. 1986, .N! 4. 53-64. Cp. TU>Ke •al- B B.-e. rQpOHBllBX.

15 CBll.DTOHBTB'IRO, 'ITO B ypapTOBCA'leCKOB JIDTepaType BOBOapllJIBCKBB BapB8BT &Toro HaaBaHu-AcTaxan, CBJ13WB&eTCft c ypapT. AIDTyXRHB B OCllWCJIJleTCft no :icyp­PBTCKB-«tia6e11ot; cu. ·r. A. MeaB••wBH.11&. Haepe-YpapTy .. ., c. 112.

UI 8-'81

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Mbl npHBeJJH JJHWb '113CTb HMeH, KOTOpble B HaWHX pa6oTax ynoMH· HalOTCH KaK HMeiow.ue npo10apMRHCKHH o6JJHK. C10.a.a MO:it<Ho npH6aBHTb H MHOrHe .a.pyrne, KOTOpble npHBO.llHTCH y .a.pynix HCCJJe.lOBaTeneA17 ' a TaK:it<e PR.l npo10apMS1HCKHX TeOHHMOn o ypap1cKOM naHTeoae [uanpH­Mep, .>KeHCKHM KOppeJIRTOM 6ora JIYHbl, cornacHO c. r. AMaJIKHHy, 61i1.11a 6ornHsi Ar' a =Arwa, cp. apM. arew cconau,e>, JiyHa H conm:-'e-My>K 11 >KC­Ha, HJIH 6paT H ceCTpa 88 B npe.a.c1ae.11eHHRX MHOfHX uapo.a.oe, B TOM llHCJie apMRH], KOTOpble TalOKe KOCBeHHO CBHAeTeJJbCTBYIOT 0 npucyTCTBl'.H ap­MRHCKHX nJJeMeH Ha TeppHTOpHH YpapTy.

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