API682_Piping_Plansضذس¢¶شصص

11© 2001 John Crane EAA

API Piping PlansAPI Piping Plans

API API 冲洗方案冲洗方案

November 2004

JC Tianjin TrainingModule 4.3

Seal EnvironmentSeal Environment密封环境密封环境

API Piping Plans API 冲洗方案

Integral (internal) recirculationfrom pump discharge to seal

内部循环从泵的出口到密封

Advantage Advantage 优点优点 - No external piping 没有外部冲洗 Limitations Limitations 局限性局限性 - Changing flow rate required dismantling of pump 改变流量需要拆泵 - For clean pumpages only 只能是适用干净的介质


Points to Note for API Plan 02: API 02 冲洗方案应注意的事项：

-The injection tapping is used for venting prior to start–up. - 在开车前，入口用来进行放空

-API plan 02 is often used together with plan 62, especially on high temperature bellows seals. 冲洗方案2 经常与 62 一起用，特别是用在高温波纹管密封


No flushing to the mechanical seal (‘dead-ended’)机械密封里没有冲洗

Points to Note for API Plan 11: API 冲洗方案 11 应注意的事项

- Use an orifice to restrict the flow rate if the discharge pressure is 3 bar higher than seal chamber pressure. 如出口压力高于密封腔压力 3bar ，需要用一个孔板限制流量

- Use on clean and low abrasives duties 用在干净，含磨蚀性颗粒少的工矿


Seal Flushing By-Pass from Discharge单密封通过出口进行冲洗

Recirculation from seal chamber through a flow control orifice and back to pump suction 从密封

腔里出 , 通过一个孔板返回到泵的入口

Points to Note for API Plan 13:API 冲洗方案 13 应注意的事项- Use an orifice to restrict the flow rate if the seal chamber pressure is 3 bar higher than suction pressure. 如果密封腔压力高于入口压力 3bar ，需要用一个孔限制流量

- handle abrasives duty better than API plan 11处理含有磨石性颗粒的工矿 13 方案好于 11 方案

- higher seal chamber pressure to suppress vaporisation 较高的密封腔压力可抑制它的汽化


+ =Points to Note for API Plan 14: API 冲洗方案 14 应注意的事项：

- Flow back to suction side will evacuate vapours that may collect in seal chamber.

- Recommended for light hydrocarbon service.


Recirculation from pump discharge through a flow control orifice and cooler to seal

Open Loop Cooling CircuitOpen Loop Cooling Circuit

Cooling Water

Outlet 冷水出口

Cooling Water

Inlet 冷水入口


Heat exchanger换热器

Recirculation from a pumping ring in the seal chamber through cooler and back to seal Closed Loop Cooling Circuit Closed Loop Cooling Circuit 冲洗液通过密

封腔中的泵效环从密封腔中流出经过换热器，再返回到密封中，形成自封闭循环。形成封闭的冷却回路形成封闭的冷却回路

Throat bushing

Suction入口

Discharge出口

18 - 24"

Vent at highest point of

the piping 排在管线的

最高点

Cooling Water Outlet冷水出

口

Cooling Water Inlet 冷水入口

mechanical seal with pumping ring

Heat exchanger换热器


Points to note for API Plan 23:

Thermosyphon design 热虹吸设计 * heat exchanger 换热器

18 to 24“ above pump centre line. 在泵中心线以上 18 to 24"

* Prevent overheating in standby and start–up. * 在泵启动和备用时，要防止过热。

Install close fitting neck bushing at the bottom of seal chamber to isolate the heat from the impeller end. 在密封腔底部安装喉部衬套用来隔离从叶轮传出的热量

Used on high temperature applications to minimise heat load on the cooler by cooling only small amount of liquid that is recirculated. 用于高温工况，通过冷却密封腔的小部分的循环流体来使冷却器的热负荷降至最低 .

For high temperature boiler feed pump applications 用于高温锅炉给水泵上

Other applications 其他应用

* high temperature liquid close to bubble point. * 接近沸点的高温液体 .


Recirculation from pump discharge through a cyclone separator delivering clean fluid to the seal and fluid with solids back to pump suction line 冲洗液从泵出口流出，通过一旋液分离器，使干净流体进入

密封腔，带有颗粒的流体返回到泵入口处形成封闭循环

Clean overflow

Underflow

Inlet


Points to Note for API Plan 32:对于 API plan 32 须注意 :

- Chose a proper source of seal flush to eliminate the potential for vaporisation of the injected fluid and to avoid contamination of the fluid being pumped with the injected flush. 选择合适的密封冲洗源，以减少冲洗流体的汽化，同时可避免冲洗流体被污染。

- Install a labyrinth bushing at the bottom of the stuffing box to control the flushing and pressure if necessary.

- - 如有必要的话，在密封腔底部安装喉部衬套或迷宫密封来控制冲洗和压力。


Single Seal Flushing from External Source单密封通过外部来源进行冲洗

Throat Bushing

Recirculation from pump discharge through a cyclone separator delivering clean fluid through a cooler and then to

seal and fluid with solids back to pump suction line

Cooling Water Outlet

Cooling Water Inlet


Needle valve

External reservoir providing a dead-ended blanket of fluid to the quench connection of the gland.

Points to Note for API Plan 51: 对于 API plan 51 须注意 :

-- Dead ended blanket on atmospheric side of seal to prevent freezing of moisture. Seal face will not stick together when the pump started. - 在密封大气侧，一端封闭的

情况可防止潮气的冻结，这样在泵启动时，密封面就不会粘接在一起。 Typical application : Typical application : 典型的应用典型的应用Pump operating below 0° C 应用于泵在 0°C 以

下-- API 610 8th Edition has eliminated this

piping plan.API 610 第八版已经取消这个冲洗方案

--



A fluid used as a lubricant or buffer between dual mechanical seals. 这种液体象缓冲剂，润滑剂用在双机械密封 The buffer fluid is always at a pressure lower than the pump process pressure being sealed. 缓冲液的压力通常低于被密封的介质的压力

A fluid which is introduced between dual mechanical seals to completely isolate the pump process liquid from the environment. 双机械密封里的隔离液使泵送的工艺液体与大气分离 Pressure of the barrier fluid is always higher than the pump process pressure being sealed. 隔离液压力总是高于泵的运作压力

The purpose of fluid circulationis to remove heat from mechanical seal


Pumping ring

Pump

On applications below ambient temperature, circulation of barrier fluid may not be desirable. 这种情况适用于比室温低的工况，隔离液的循环不能满足要求。 The atmosphere will heat the reservoir and consequently add heat to the seal area. 外部对储罐进行加热，从而，对密封区域进行加热。

T2

T1

Fluid circulation by temperature difference between the seal and reservoir. 流体依靠密封腔和储罐的温差进行循环 Higher temperature liquid at seal has lower density rises to the reservoir. 密封中的高温流体密度较小，依靠热虹吸现象上升到储罐中

Lower temperature liquid at reservoir has higher density falls to the seal to provide cooling. 储罐中的低温流体密度较大，下降到密封腔中对密封进行冷却


Points to Note for API Plan 52:

Typically used with an Arrangement 2 unpressurised dual seal. 通常用于不带压双封

During normal operation, circulation is maintained by an internal pumping ring. 在正常操作情况下，通过腔内的泵效环维持循环

The reservoir is usually continuously vented to a vapour recovery system and is maintained at a pressure less than the pressure in the seal chamber. 储罐通常与回收系统相连通，罐内压力通常低于密封腔压力

Pressure Gauge 压力计

Level Gauge 液位计Fill valveOrifice

Drain

Level Switch (H) 液位开关Level Switch (L)

Pressure Switch 压力开关(Normally Open)

Vent valve 排气阀

External reservoir providing buffer fluid for the outer seal of an unpressurised dual seal arrangement.

外部储罐对不带压双封的外密封提供缓冲液


Pressure Gauge 压力表

Level Gauge 液位计Level Switch (L)液位开关

Vent Valve 排气阀(Normally Close) 通常关着

Orifice

Pressure Switch 压力操纵开关 External Pressure 外部压力 SourceOne-way Block Valve

(Normally Open) 单向截止阀


Typically used with an Arrangement 3 pressurised dual seal. 通常用于带压双封

During normal operation, circulation is

maintained by an internal pumping ring. 在正常操作情况下，通过腔内的泵效环维持循环

The reservoir pressure is greater than the process pressure being sealed. 罐内压力通常高于被密封介质压力

External reservoir providing pressurised barrier fluid for the outer seal of an pressurised dual seal

arrangement. 外部储罐对带压双封的外密封提供隔离液

Drain



Typically used with an Arrangement 3 pressurised dual seal. 通常用于带压双封

During normal operation, circulation is maintained by an external pump or pressure system. 在正常操作情况下，通过外部的泵或压力系统维持循环

The circulating barrier fluid pressure is greater than the process pressure being sealed. 循环隔离液的压力高于被密封介质的压力

External barrier fluid system providing pressurised barrier fluid for the outer seal of an pressurised dual seal arrangement

外部隔离液系统对带压双封的外密封提供带压隔离液


Safe to use, handle, storeSafe to use, handle, store 储藏、操作、使用安全可靠储藏、操作、使用安全可靠 Stable liquid at ambient temperaturesStable liquid at ambient temperatures 在环境温度下，性能稳定在环境温度下，性能稳定 Not a VOC, VHAP or other regulated compoundNot a VOC, VHAP or other regulated compound 不易挥发、非有害物质不易挥发、非有害物质 Non flammableNon flammable 不易燃烧不易燃烧 Non foaming when pressurisedNon foaming when pressurised 加压时，不易产生泡沫加压时，不易产生泡沫 Clean and good lubricityClean and good lubricity 干净且有较好的润滑性干净且有较好的润滑性 Compatible with process fluidCompatible with process fluid 与工艺流体有互容性与工艺流体有互容性 Compatible with seal materialsCompatible with seal materials 与密封材料兼容与密封材料兼容 Good heat transfer propertiesGood heat transfer properties 有好的传热性能有好的传热性能 Good flow qualities at very low temperaturesGood flow qualities at very low temperatures 在低温下，有好的流动性在低温下，有好的流动性 Low solubility of gasLow solubility of gas 对气体有较低的溶解性对气体有较低的溶解性 Local availabilityLocal availability 当地容易获得当地容易获得 Low costLow cost 成本低成本低

VOC : Volatile Organic CompoundVHAP : Volatile Hazardous Air Polutants


Tapped connections for the purchaser’s use在接口处攻螺纹，以方便用户使用

Point to Note for API Plan 61: 对于 API plan 61 须注意 :

Typically this plan is used when the purchaser is to provide fluid (such as steam, gas, or water ) to an auxiliary sealing device.

通常在买方能给密封辅助系统提供流体（如蒸汽、气体或水）的情况下，才采用该方案


Points to Note for API Plan 62: 对于 API plan 62 须注意 :

The quench may be required to prevent solids from accumulating on the atmospheric side of the seal. 防止在密封大气侧有颗粒积累

Typically used with a close-clearance throttle bushing.

普遍使用小间隙节流衬套


Single Seal Quench from External Source单密封通过外部急冷

Plan 53a (A.4.12)

Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) SealsArrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals 排列方式排列方式 33 ，接触式湿密封，接触式湿密封 Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals 带压双封带压双封 Utilises direct nitrogen blanket for pressureUtilises direct nitrogen blanket for pressure利用氮气来增压利用氮气来增压 due to nitrogen entrainment in the barrier liquiddue to nitrogen entrainment in the barrier liquid由于氮气会夹进封液中由于氮气会夹进封液中 API 682 limits the maximum nitrogen pressure to 10 barg, JC recommendation is API 682 limits the maximum nitrogen pressure to 10 barg, JC recommendation is

maximum nitrogen pressure 21 barg, as long as the barrier fluid temperature is less maximum nitrogen pressure 21 barg, as long as the barrier fluid temperature is less than 120°C API 682 than 120°C API 682 限制了氮气的最大压力为限制了氮气的最大压力为 1010barg, barg, 约翰克兰建议只要隔离液温度小于约翰克兰建议只要隔离液温度小于120120 度，度，最大氮气压力最大氮气压力 2121bargbarg,,

API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版 New Piping Plans 新的冲洗方案

Plan 53b (A.4.12) 53M Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals 排列方式排列方式 33 ，接触，接触式湿密封式湿密封

Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals 带压双封带压双封 Utilizes bladder accumulator for pressure Utilizes bladder accumulator for pressure 利用蓄能器来增压利用蓄能器来增压 Bladder eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquidBladder eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquid 橡胶囊橡胶囊把氮气与隔离液分开把氮气与隔离液分开

Allows for higher pressure applications Allows for higher pressure applications 允许高压力应用允许高压力应用

Configuration Includes:Configuration Includes: AccumulatorAccumulator 蓄能器蓄能器 Pressure Indicator Pressure Indicator 压压

力显示器力显示器 Pressure SwitchPressure Switch 压力开压力开

关关 Heat ExchangerHeat Exchanger 换热器换热器

BI

BO

TI BIBO

FWhen

Specified

API 682 2nd Edition API 682 第二版New Piping Plans 新的冲洗方案

Plan 53c (A.4.12)

Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) SealsArrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals 排列方式排列方式 33 ，接触式湿密封，接触式湿密封

Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals 带压双封带压双封 Utilizes piston pot for pressure Utilizes piston pot for pressure 利用活塞增压利用活塞增压

BI

BO

BIBOF

When Specified


Plan 53c (A.4.12)

Allows for higher pressure Allows for higher pressure applications applications 允许高压力应用允许高压力应用

Configuration includesConfiguration includes::构造包括构造包括 Piston pot Piston pot 活塞活塞 Pressure indicatorPressure indicator 压力显示器压力显示器 Pressure switch Pressure switch 压力开关‘压力开关‘ Heat exchangerHeat exchanger 换热器换热器 Level switchLevel switch 液位开关液位开关

Piston pot eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquidPiston pot eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquid活塞缸阻断了隔离液与氮气的连接活塞缸阻断了隔离液与氮气的连接 Piston provides constant pressure ratio to seals (1.1:1) Piston provides constant pressure ratio to seals (1.1:1) 活塞给密封提供持续的压力比率活塞给密封提供持续的压力比率

Spring 弹簧


Plan 72 (A.4.16) Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) 排列方式排列方式 22 ，辅助二次密封，辅助二次密封 Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals 不带压串联密封不带压串联密封

Dry-running secondary containment seal Dry-running secondary containment seal 干运转二次辅助密封干运转二次辅助密封 Low pressure nitrogen sweep (purge)Low pressure nitrogen sweep (purge) 低压氮气吹扫低压氮气吹扫

Sweeps primary leakage to collection system Sweeps primary leakage to collection system 主密封泄漏的东西排放到主密封泄漏的东西排放到收集系统里收集系统里

Dilutes primary leakage to lower emission levels Dilutes primary leakage to lower emission levels 稀释泄漏的东西稀释泄漏的东西 Used in conjunction with Plan 75 or 76 Used in conjunction with Plan 75 or 76 ，，与与 7575 方案或方案或 7676 方案一起使用方案一起使用

CSV: containment seal ventCSD: containment seal DrainGBI: gas buffer inletFIL: coalescing filter

CSV: containment seal ventCSD: containment seal DrainGBI: gas buffer inletFIL: coalescing filter


Plan 74 (A.4.17) Arrangement 3, Non-contacting Seals (NC) Arrangement 3, Non-contacting Seals (NC) 排列方式排列方式 33 ，非接触式密，非接触式密

封封 Dual Pressurised (Double) Gas Barrier Seals Dual Pressurised (Double) Gas Barrier Seals 带压带压 Nitrogen gas barrier Nitrogen gas barrier 氮气隔离氮气隔离

1.75 - 2 bar (25-30 psi) above seal chamber pressure1.75 - 2 bar (25-30 psi) above seal chamber pressure 高于密封腔压力高于密封腔压力 1.71.75-25-2barbar

Zero emissions Zero emissions 零泄漏零泄漏 Essentially a T2800 panel 2800Essentially a T2800 panel 2800 类型控制面板类型控制面板

GBI: gas buffer inlet GBO: gas buffer outlet (NC)(used only to depressurize)

GBI: gas buffer inlet GBO: gas buffer outlet (NC)(used only to depressurize)


Plan 75 (A.4.18) Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) 排列方案排列方案 22 ，二次辅助密，二次辅助密

封封 Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals 无压串联密封无压串联密封

Dry-running secondary Dry-running secondary 辅助密封干运转辅助密封干运转 Condensate collection reservoir (8.6.5.2)Condensate collection reservoir (8.6.5.2) 冷凝液收集罐冷凝液收集罐

Used when primary seal leakage may condense ( does not Used when primary seal leakage may condense ( does not completely vaporize) completely vaporize) 用于从主密封泄漏出来的可冷凝的工况用于从主密封泄漏出来的可冷凝的工况

May be used in conjunction with Plan 72 May be used in conjunction with Plan 72 或许和或许和 7272 方案一起使用方案一起使用


Plan 76 (A.4.19)

Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) 排列方式排列方式 22 ，二次辅助密封，二次辅助密封 Dual Un-Pressurised Seals (Dry-running secondary)Dual Un-Pressurised Seals (Dry-running secondary) 双无压密封双无压密封 Primary leakage routed to flare or ventPrimary leakage routed to flare or vent

Used when primary seal leakage will not condense (completely Used when primary seal leakage will not condense (completely vaporizes) vaporizes) 用于从主密封泄漏出的不可冷凝的工况用于从主密封泄漏出的不可冷凝的工况

Essentially a 48SC or 28LD panel leakage detection Essentially a 48SC or 28LD panel leakage detection May be used in conjunction with Plan 72 May be used in conjunction with Plan 72 或许和或许和 7272 方案一起使用方案一起使用


API682_Piping_Plansضذس¢¶شصص

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API__682___Piping_Plansضذس¢¶شصص

API682_Piping_Plansضذس¢¶شصص