Differences Between API- 2000 5 th and 6 th Editions Brad Otis April 26, 2010 2010 API Spring Refining and Equipment Standards Meeting
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Differences Between API-2000 5th and 6th Editions
Brad OtisApril 26, 2010
2010 API Spring Refining and Equipment Standards Meeting
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Agenda Recent History Significant Differences
o Normal Tank Ventingo Internal Deflagrationo Flame Propagation Through PVVso Refrigerated Tank Ventingo Testing of Venting Devices
Path Forward
Recent History API-2000 5th Edition
o Published April 1998o Work started on 6th edition
ISO - 28300o New work item submitted in June 2006o Convert and update API-2000 into ISO Standard o FDIS 28300 submitted Jan 2008o Memo highlighting differences issuedo FDIS approved with no negative ballots
API adopted-back in Dec 09 with no negative ballots Now working 2nd edition of ISO-28300 (API-2000 7th
edition)
Microsoft Office Word 97 - 2003 Document
Significant DifferencesNormal Tank Venting EN 14015 Tank Venting
o EN 14015 Tank design standard used in Europeo Venting model based on theory and validated via testo Applicable to any tank service, any temperature, and
any sizeo Therefore placed in main body of ISO standard
API-2000 5th Edition Tank Venting o Venting model based on theory with simplified
assumptionso Applicable to hexane or similar services, temperature
< 120 F, and tanks < 180,0000 bblso Therefore placed in Annex A of ISO standard
EN-14015 Validation TestTests and model calculations at Hoechst in 1980 and 1981
• Tank: V = 617 m3; D = 8,5 m; H = 10,6 m• 17 °C ≤ Δ T ≤ 26 °C• Water (rain) flow density: about 60 kg/m2h• TRbF-model calculation
Significant DifferencesNormal Tank Venting - continued Discussion
o Both methods are acceptable when applied correctlyo Both were included
• To fill gap where Annex A method does not apply• To allow continued use of the Annex A method• To ensure global support for the FDIS
o EN-14015 vent loads can be higher than Annex A• Calculations and comparison courtesy of Protego
(USA) Inc.
Calculation – ExamplesTank 1
Tank:- Height: 5m- Diameter: 7m- Tank volume: 192.4 m3- Pump in rate: 96 m3/h- Pump out rate: 96 m3/h- Vertical tank- No insulation- MAWP: 7.5 mbar- MAWV: 2.5 mbar
Inbreathing Requirements (Total) for Tank 1
Inbreathing requirements Tank 1
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
API 2000 EN 14015,North, VPHexane
EN 14015,North, VP>
Hexane
EN 14015, 42-58, VP Hexane
EN 14015, 42-58, VP>Hexane
EN 14015,South, VPHexane
EN 14015,South, VP>
Hexane
TRbF 20
Vent
ing
requ
irem
ents
[m3/
h]
Pump out Thermal
Outbreathing Requirements (Total) for Tank 1
226
116 117 123 130
118 122109
Outbreathing requirements Tank 1
0
50
100
150
200
250
API 2000, FP<37.8C
API 2000, FP>=37.8C
EN 14015,North
EN 14015, 42-58
EN 14015,South
TRbF 20 TRbF 20-2 TRbF 20-3
Vent
ing
requ
irem
ents
[m3/
h]
Pump in Thermal
H/D = 0.5H/D = 2
H/D = 0.71
Overview Inbreathing Venting Requirements (thermal)Small tanks (<3,180 m3)
Comparision Venting Requirements for Thermal Inbreathing
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
100 200 500 1000 2000 3180
Tank Volume [m3]
Ven
ting
Req
uire
men
ts [m
3/h]
API 2000 EN 14015, North, VP Hexane, T<25C EN 14015, North, VP> Hexane, T>= 25CEN 14015, 42-58, VP Hexane, T<25C EN 14015, 42-58, VP>Hexane, T<25C EN 14015, South, VP Hexane, T< 25CEN 14015, South, VP>Hexane, T>=25C TRbF 20
Overview Inbreathing Venting Requirements (thermal)Large tanks (>3,180 m3)
Comparision Venting Requirements for Thermal Inbreathing
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
5000 10000 20000 50000 100000
Tank Volume [m3]
Ven
ting
Req
uire
men
ts [m
3/h]
API 2000 EN 14015, North, VP Hexane, T<25C EN 14015, North, VP> Hexane, T>= 25CEN 14015, 42-58, VP Hexane, T<25C EN 14015, 42-58, VP>Hexane, T<25C EN 14015, South, VP Hexane, T< 25CEN 14015, South, VP>Hexane, T>=25C TRbF 20
Outside scope of API 2000
Overview Outbreathing Venting Requirements (thermal)Small tanks (<3,180 m3)
Comparision Venting Requirements Outbreathing, Thermal
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
100 200 500 1000 2000 3180
Tank Volume [m3}
Ven
ting
Req
uire
men
ts [m
3/h]
API, FP<37.8C API, FP>37.8C EN 14015, North EN 14015, 42-58 EN 14015, South TRbF 20
Overview Outbreathing Venting Requirements (thermal)Large tanks (>3,180 m3)
Comparision Venting Requirements Outbreathing, Thermal
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
5000 10000 20000 50000 100000
Tank Volume [m3}
Ven
ting
Req
uire
men
ts [m
3/h]
API, FP<37.8C API, FP>37.8C EN 14015, North EN 14015, 42-58 EN 14015, South TRbF 20
Outside scope of API 2000
Significant DifferencesNormal Tank Venting - continued Discussion
o “Operational experience with petroleum or petrochemical fluid storage tanks indicates that tank failures/damage due to vacuum have not been caused by inadequate venting when that relief system is designed using the method in this Annex”
o Tanks that meet the criteria in Annex A can have tank vents designed using the method shown in Annex A.
o Tanks that don’t meet the Annex A criteria, then the general method in 4.3.2.1 should be used.
Questions?
Significant Differences
Internal Deflagration New section on tank internal deflagration Provides examples on how this may be mitigated Previously no “home” for this issue Detailed presentation on this on 4/28/10 at API-2000
meeting
Questions?
Significant Differences
Flame Propagation Through PVV The 5th edition states “A flame arrester is not
considered necessary for use in conjunction with a PV valve venting to atmosphere because flame speeds are less than vapor velocities across the seats of PV.”
Recent controlled experiments have shown that flash back through a PVV is possible during very low unstable outflow conditions or if there is an external flammable vapor cloud that ignites with sufficient overpressure to lift the vacuum pallet.
Significant Differences
Flame Propagation Through PVV - continued API-2010 and NFPA-30 have language similar to what
was stated in the 5th edition of API-2000 Until those standards are updated, there will appear to
be an inconsistency on this issue.
Questions?
Significant Differences
Refrigerated Tank Venting Completely re-written Previously was based on hexane Borrowed heavily from EN14620 and EN1473
Questions?
Significant Differences
Testing of Venting Devices New section to provide consistency in capacity testing Combination of API 2000 5th edition section 4.6 and EN
14015 Annex L.6.
Questions?
Path Forward
2nd Edition of ISO-28300 is being worked now Fall 2010 is deadline for submitting new items
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