APES 10/23 and 24 NO WARM-UP TODAY TURN IN YOUR CYCLES OF MATTER PROJECT TO THE INBOX LOG IN TO A NETBOOK FOR NOTES AFTER THE QUIZ!
Jan 18, 2016
APES 10/23 and 24NO WARM-UP TODAY
TURN IN YOUR CYCLES OF MATTER PROJECT TO THE INBOX
LOG IN TO A NETBOOK FOR NOTES AFTER THE QUIZ!
Abiotic (Non-Living) Factors We are continuing our learning of abiotic factors that affect ecosystemsCycles of matterClimateAir CurrentsOcean Currents
Learning Targets I can describe the major factors that impact climate
◦ Unequal solar heating that creates convenction ◦ Coriolis effect◦ Prevailing winds
Climate and air Currents
The Atmosphere
Troposphere- first 11 miles Stratosphere – next 11-30 miles◦lower portion has ozone layer
◦Meso, Thermo, Exosphere less important to APES
How does temperature change as you move through the atmosphere?
Why?
GREENHOUSE EFFECT-natural process in which heat- trapping gases (CO2, H20 vapor, CH4), traps heat in the troposphere. Without this, Earth would be cold and lifeless.
Weather Short term physical properties of the troposphere Temp., pressure, humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, wind direction and speedLess important than climate in effect on ecosystems
ClimateLong term weather of an areaGlobal temperature and precipitation determined by uneven heating of earth by sunLead to distinct climate zones according to latitude
Climate type
Cold
Cool Temperate
Warm Temperate
Tropical
(equator)
Tropical
Warm Temperate
Cool Temperate
Cold
Fig. 6.6a, p. 125
Factors that Influence Climate
1. Uneven heating of earth’s surface (because it’s a sphere)
2. Rotation of earth on its axis (Coriolis Effect) 3. Properties of air, water, and land
All of these create predictable ocean and air currents
Factors that Influence Climate
Solar radiation hits the equator directly, but strikes the rest of the globe at an increasingly less direct angle.Albedo= measure of percent of
sunlight reflected by a surfaceEquator has highest albedoThis uneven heating creates a
temp. imbalance that affects the air
ConvectionConvection currents- global patterns of air movement created by unequal heating of earthWarm air from equator rises and moves to cold polar regions by convectionCold air sinks at the poles- this is the
main source of our wind patterns
Convection Currents
Convection currents are found at specific places, based on earth’s latitude
Air currents occurring on either side of the equator (up to 30 degrees) are called Hadley Cells
Branch off from the direct heating that occurs at the equator (Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)).
Polar cells are the convection cells near the poles Ferrel cells are in between Polar cells and Hadley cells
Air Circulation Patterns- Prevailing Winds
Tradewinds- sub tropics Westerlies - temperate latitudes Doldrums- still air along equator
Air Circulation Patterns
We see why the air is moving (convection), but why in those directions? Coriolis Effect- rising warm air masses are deflected to the west or the eastThis occurs because the earth is rotating!
Air Circulation Patterns
All together! Convection cells and prevailing winds caused by unequal heating and the Coriolis effect.
Checks for Understanding
Using your new knowledge about climate and air currents, why do we have a temperate, moist climate?
Use the terms Coriolis effect, convection, ferrel cell, and prevailing winds
Ocean Currents & El Nino
Ocean currents move in a predictable way, also due to unequal solar energy and the Coriolis Effect (notes next time)However, sometimes these currents move in an abnormal way! HW: learn about El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) by doing a guided online assignmentDO ALL EXCEPT THE LAST SECTIONACCESS IT ONLINE AND SAVE IT AS A GOOGLE DOC