11/02/56 1 PERU: LAND MANAGEMENT, FOOD SECURITY, WATER SECURITY AND INSTITUTIONS Patricia Phumpiu, PhD APEC, November 2012. Chiang Mai, Thailand PERU Central Western South America. Surface area : 1.285 million km 2 . Population: 29.5 million as of 2010 . 3 Natural Regions: Coast, Sierra (Mountains) and Jungle. Three main hydrographic regions: Pacific, Amazon and Titicaca 2 Titicaca. Geographic, Economic and Cultural differences. Contribution to the GDP income is much higher along the Coast, particularly in Lima, the capital.
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PERU: LAND MANAGEMENT, FOOD SECURITY, WATER SECURITY AND INSTITUTIONS
Patricia Phumpiu, PhD
APEC, November 2012. Chiang Mai, Thailand
PERU Central Western South America.
Surface area : 1.285 million km2.
Population: 29.5 million as of 2010 .
3 Natural Regions: Coast, Sierra (Mountains) and Jungle.
Three main hydrographic regions: Pacific, Amazon and Titicaca
2
Titicaca.
Geographic, Economic and Cultural differences.
Contribution to the GDP income is much higher along the Coast, particularly in Lima, the capital.
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POPULATION DENSITY IN PERU: 1993 AND 2007
3Source:National Statistical Institute - INEI
GDP in agriculture by region
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Objectives of presentation
o Presenting land management Peru
o Agriculture and production
o Institutions and tools for management: Ecosystem services
Provide• Agriculture• Farming • Freshwater• Wood and
fibers • Biofuels
Cultural• Aesthetic value • Spiritual • Educative
y• Personal • Resources • Environment
• Adequate incomes
• Healthy food • Housing
Health • Vitality• Access to
clean water/air
Positive social relationships
• Social cohesion
Regulation• Weather control• Hydric regulation• Reduces diseases spread• Water purification
Educative • Touristic
clean water/air • Well-being
cohesion• Respect • Group support
Freedom • The opportunity for people
to achieve what they want to do and being.
INSTITUTIONS&
ECOSYSTEM SERVICESECOSYSTEM SERVICES
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INSTITUTIONS
On Land tenure
2008- legislative efforts to secure land ownership Right of land ownership and inheritance Land tenure in respect to economic regimen. Chapter IV of constitution of 1993: about agrarian regimen
and “peasants and native communities”. On interpretation changes reduces significatively the protection of communal lands lands.
These changes have cause more confusion and problems due to the interpretation and application of law.
Funds by contest: “Agroemprende” Users don't have to pay back the money if they accomplish the project.
Program for compensations for competitiveness
Projects: Innovation and competitiveness for the Agro Peruano (INCAGRO)
Funds by contest Fund for the development of strategic services (FDSE)
Agrorural: Rural development
Specialized institutions: Program of sub sectorial irrigations (PSI) National institute of agriculture innovation (INIA) National service of agriculture sanitization (SENASA)
Incentives for ecosystem
services
Incentives for ecosystem servicesare not only material
services
Regulation and management
Cancelation of rights
Public investment
Infrastructure
Moral persuation
Information
Economic persuation
Payments
Fines Technology Education Compensations
Taxes deduction
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EVALUATION OF TOOLS FOR MAINTENANCE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Divergence between the Asians Tigers and Latin America. Very similar in economic and social indicators in the 1960s Very similar in economic and social indicators in the 1960s,
were now on virtually opposite ends of the development spectrum.
Success of Asian land reforms and of the shared growth model.
Elements that distinguish success from failure: (1) inclusive policies; (2) individual land ownership/rights; (2) individual land ownership/rights; (3) clear, marketable title to land’ (4) democratic redistribution mechanisms; and (5) post-distribution extension support.
INTEGRATION vs COORDINATION and/orCONCEPT WISE?
What is the scope of water as a resource-social ? Institutional system didn’t work. Decision makingy g
by each entity on their own. Interrupt the institutional entities, Is water paradigm a failure? What are the components for water to take in
account in water & land management + account in water & land management ecosystems?
Moderns paradigms of Management to includeEnvironmental Services?