ESF provides the COST Office through a European Commission contract COST is supported by the EU Framework Programme Action Title: Omics Technologies for Crop Improvement, Traceability, Determination of Authenticity, Adulteration and Origin in Saffron (SAFFRONOMICS) Action number: FA1101 Start date: 24/11/2011 End date: 23/11/2015 Year: 3rd Chai r : Maria Z. Tsimidou Professor, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Greece Annual Progress Conference Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 28-29-30 April 2014
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ESF provides the COST Office
through a European Commission contractCOST is supported
by the EU Framework Programme
Action Title: Omics Technologies for Crop Improvement,
Traceability, Determination of Authenticity, Adulteration and
Origin in Saffron (SAFFRONOMICS)
Action number: FA1101
Start date: 24/11/2011
End date: 23/11/2015
Year: 3rd
Chair: Maria Z. Tsimidou
Professor, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Greece
Annual Progress Conference
Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 28-29-30 April 2014
2
Saffron:
The dehydrated red
stigmas of the
flower of the plant
Crocus sativus L.
Bright red colour
Bitter taste
Unique flavour
3
The plant Crocus sativus L.
is a member of the Iridaceae
family.
The major producing countries
are Iran, India, Greece and Spain.
It is a perennial, triploid, sterile
plant and is reproduced by corms.
It reaches a height of 10 to 25
cm.
Its purple flowers consist of 6
tepals.
The pistil is located in the
centre of its flower with one ovary
from which a style is emerged.
Style is ended to a three-branch
stigma
Crocus sativus L.
Family: Iridaceae
Subfamily: Crocoideae
Genus: Crocus
Species: Crocus Sativus Linnaeus
style
stigma
ovary
4
Annual cycle of the
plant Crocus sativus L.
White Book, Saffron in Europe
corms: 3 to 6 years in the
same field
5
Saffron is expensive (~3500 €/kg) because the production process
requires manual labor
is of low yield (1-2 kg/hectare)
Trade values are determined based on the standard specifications described in the
ISO 3632-1&2, mainly on
Colouring strength (E1% at 440 nm)
Bitterness (as picrocrocin content, E1% at 250 nm)
Aroma (as safranal content, E1% at 330 nm)
Trade values
Based on the ISO trade standard for saffron (3632-1)
Absorbance at 257, 330 and 440 nm are related with the presence of
Picrocrocin
Safranal
Crocins
R1OOR28
9
O
11 13
20
15'15
13' 11'
20' 19'
9'
19 O
Rxn
RxnR1O
OR2
8
9
19
11 13
20
15 15'
13'
11'
9'
19'
20'
8'
O
O
Rxn
O
O
HO
HO
OH
O
OH
O
R1, R2: 1-3 Glucose moieties or H atom
all trans 13-cis
6
Scientific context and objectives (1/3)
Saffron is:
• a profitable High Value Agricultural Product (HVAP), of European in origin,
cultural and historical background
• fits food-safety trends
• a crop that fixes population in the rural areas
• The European Saffron industry is in crisis. Little or null impact in the CAP.
• Adulteration and mislabelling are key problems.
• The scientific human power involved in Saffron RTD is petite.
• This crop requires global actions, overcoming private and national
interests –actions are needed beyond EU borders.
7
Background / Problem statement
Brief reminder of MoU objectives:
8
Objective 1:
To build up a network of collaborative research on the structural
organization of Saffron genome, DNA fingerprinting, chemical
fingerprinting, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of this crop.
Objective 2:
To preserve Crocus biodiversity, to carry out genetic improvement and to
protect quality, sustainability, and safety of production of saffron in Europe.
Objective 3
The long term achievement expected: CONTROL OF ADULTERATION
WORLDWIDE.
Scientific context and objectives (2/3)
Scientific context and objectives (3/3)
Research directions:
• ORGANISING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE R&D and INNOVATION
This integrated knowledge will be the basis for the development
of saffron genetic improvement, for reliable innovative
techniques to produce high value saffron and to combat
especially bio-adulteration and fraud.
Working groups
1. Genetics, Genomics & Transcriptomics (coordinated research on these
fields). Leader: Silvia Fluch (AT); Co-Leader: A. Mozzarelli (IT)
2. Phytochemistry & Metabolomics (coordinated research on these fields).
Leader: M. Polissiou (GR); Co-leader: M. Carmona (ES)
3. Molecular and Phytochemical fingerprinting for breeding, traceability, and
authenticity (development of technological tools) Leader: P. Tarantilis
(GR); Co-Leader: S. Ordoudi (GR)
4. Dissemination, Project Management & Coordination. Leader: O. Santana
(ES); Co-Leader: JM. Thiercelin (FR)
10
0
5
10
15
20
YR 1YR 2
YR 3YR 4
18 21
8 8 Parties
Non-COST Countries
Grant Holder:
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain
Dr. Marta Roldan-Medina
Grant Holder manager
6
Action Parties
0
50
100
150
YR 1YR 2
YR 3YR 4
95
136
25 34 35 46
Total no. of indiv. Participants
ESRs
Female
7
Action participants
ISRAEL:1
MOROCCO:2
EGYPT: 1
TURKEY:2
IRAN:2
INDIA:1
AJERBAIJAN:1
USA:2
NEW Zealand: 2
SAUDI ARABIA:1
1
20 [6]
1
11 [4]
21 [7]
2
5 [2]
4
2
4 [2]
1
1
3
1
4
1
1
1
1
Use of COST Instruments
14
Activity (No.) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 (plan) Year 4
MC/WG Meetings 1 MC meeting/
2 WG1-4 meetings
1 MC meeting
2 WG1-4 meetings
1 WG1 expert meeting
(on saffron genome sequencing)
1 MC meeting
1 WG1-4 meetings
2 expert meetings] (White Paper on saffron extraction
procedures regarding ISO quality
requirements)
(protocol on spectroscopic
techniques)
STSMs 5 STSMs 9 STSMs 7 max STSMs
Training Schools - - 1 Training School (on spectroscopic and
chemometric approaches)
1 Training School (on saffron proteomics)
Workshops or
Conferences
1 EU Seminar 1 Workshop
(on wild crocuses)
1 Annual Conference
1 Workshop
(on saffron genome)
1 Annual Conference
Joint
Publications*
*In scientific journals
- 2 3-5 expected
In FA1101 meetings 54 55
15
Progress in joint research has been achieved mainly through
exchange visits of young scientists from laboratories of
established experience in saffron quality and authenticity
aspects (Spain, Italy, Greece) to laboratories of established
experience in new analytical techniques (Greece, Spain,
Italy, the Netherlands) and between laboratories involved in
Plant Genomics (Spain, Italy, Germany).
•STSM leader Dr. Giovanni Giuliano, ENEA, IT (1st-2nd year)
•STSM leader Dr. Roberto Consonni, ISMAC, IT (3rd year -)
STSMs Applicant: Dr. Nikolaos Nenadis
Affiliation: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH, Greece)
Subject: Ageing of saffron determined by PTR-MS (2012)
Applicant: Dr. Mateo Busconi
Affiliation: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano (Italy)
Subject: Development of molecular markers (AFLPs, SNPs) and analysis of data to ascertain genetic variability in the saffron 'CrocusBank' collection (2012)
Applicant: PhD. Student Eleni Naziri
Affiliation: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH, Greece)
Subject: NMR based metabolomic characterization of saffron extracts from different geographical origins (2012)
STSMs Applicant: Sarah Frusciante
Affiliation: ENEA-Green Biotechnology Unit (ENEA, Rome (Italy)
Subject: Biochemical characterization of novel CCDs from Saffron (2013)
Applicant: Dr. Mahmoud SHARAF-ELDIN
Affiliation: Salman bin Abdulaziz University (SAU) / National Research Centre (NRC, Egypt)
Subject: Detection of saffron bio-adulteration (2013)
Applicant: PhD. Student Sofia Lalou
Affiliation: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH, Greece)
Subject: NMR metabolite profiling of aged saffron (2013)
Applicant: Dr Olivia Costantina Demurtas
Affiliation: ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA, Italy)
Subject: Functional characterization of candidate transporters of saffron stigma
secondary metabolites (2013)
Applicant: Dr. Stella Ordoudi
Affiliation: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH, Greece)
Subject: Meta-analysis of NMR data using chemometrics for assessment of age-related biomarkers in saffron (2013)
Applicant: Dr. Omar Santana Méridas
Affiliation: Parque Científico y Tecnológico (JCCM-PCYTA, Spain)
Subject: Sourcing and metabolomic study of new sources of Crocus-based bioactive extracts (2013)
STSMs
Applicant: Ms Soukaina Chaouqi
Affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, Morocco)
Subject: Evaluation of the effect of dehydration, drying and storage conditions on secondary compounds of Moroccan saffron (2013)
• Progress was also achieved in dissemination about saffron properties, authenticity and consumer awareness as well as for expansion of saffron cultivation (Austria, FYROM, Israel, Egypt, Saudi Arabia) through mass media and public lectures.
• FACE BOOK 20
• WEB page (www.saffronomics.gr) and newsletter are useful platforms for communicating various types of information on “SaffronOmics” and other related activities. • Outreach activities for Krokos Kozanis was an outcome of an MSc thesis for spreading information about the properties of herbs and spices and in particular for authentic saffron to high school pupils. Castilla la Mancha prepares outreach activities for elementary school pupils.
• Results were the 54 communications by a total of 95 different authors presented in the 3 COST FA1101 scientific meetings taken place in the 1rst year (2012) and the 55 ones presented by a total of 116 different authors in the 2 scientific meetings in the 2nd year (2013) (http://www.saffronomics.org/download-center/).
• Publications: 1 book of Proceedings from 1rst year scientific meetings (ISBN -13:978-84-616-0964-2 and 2 joint research papers (Ordoudi, S.A., de los Mozos Pascual, M., Tsimidou, M.Z., Food Chemistry, 2014, 150, 414-421 / Sánchez-Vioque, R., Polissiou, M., Astraka, K., de los Mozos-Pascual, M., Tarantilis, P., Herraiz-Peñalver, D., Santana-Méridas, O. Industrial Crops and Products, 2013, 49, 150-159.
• Agreement to share reference samples of saffron dried stigmas to get comparable scientific results among laboratories (in process for a third harvesting period)
• Agreement to collaborate in ring tests for the improvement of analytical protocols (under reconsideration due to new literature available)
• Data bank for genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics (under construction) • Data bank for spectroscopic data (in process) • Workshop in wild crocuses: set up principles for species prioritization and study beyond Crocus
Bank data. • Expert group meeting on saffron genome sequencing: the output was a White Paper for project
plan outline. • Expression of interest of more research groups to participate in our Action • Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Prof. Grunder, J. • Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, IPREM, CNRS-UPPA,
Pau, France, Dr. Pedrero Zayas, Z. • Institute of Applied Biosciences CENTRE FOR RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY HELLAS –
CERTH, Dr. Madesis, P. • Dr. Galanakis,Ch. Research & Innovation Director, Galanakis Laboratories –Chania Greece