APACHECON NORTH AMERICA 2013 CASSANDRA INTERNALS Aaron Morton @aaronmorton www.thelastpickle.com Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand License
Apache Con NA 2013 - Cassandra Internals
Apr 22, 2015
Talk from ApacheCon North America 2013 on Cassandra Internals by Aaron Morton.
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APACHECON NORTH AMERICA 2013
CASSANDRA INTERNALS
Aaron Morton@aaronmorton
www.thelastpickle.com
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand License
About MeFreelance Cassandra Consultant
Based in Wellington, New ZealandApache Cassandra Committer
Data Stax MVP for Apache Cassandra
ArchitectureCode
Cassandra Architecture
API's
Cluster Aware
Cluster Unaware
Clients
Disk
Cassandra Cluster Architecture
API's
Cluster Aware
Cluster Unaware
Clients
Disk
API's
Cluster Aware
Cluster Unaware
Disk
Node 1 Node 2
Dynamo Cluster Architecture
API's
Dynamo
Database
Clients
Disk
API's
Dynamo
Database
Disk
Node 1 Node 2
ArchitectureAPI
DynamoDatabase
API Transports
ThriftNative Binary
Read LineRMI
Thrift Transport
//Custom TServer implementations
o.a.c.thrift.CustomTThreadPoolServero.a.c.thrift.CustomTNonBlockingServero.a.c.thrift.CustomTHsHaServer
API Transports
ThriftNative Binary
Read LineRMI
Native Binary Transport
Beta in Cassandra 1.2Uses Netty 3.5Enabled with
start_native_transport(Disabled by default)
o.a.c.transport.Server.run()
//Setup the Netty servernew ExecutionHandler()new NioServerSocketChannelFactory()ServerBootstrap.setPipelineFactory()
o.a.c.transport.Message.Dispatcher.messageReceived()
//Process message from clientServerConnection.validateNewMessage()Request.execute()ServerConnection.applyStateTransition()Channel.write()
o.a.c.transport.messages
CredentialsMessage()EventMessage()ExecuteMessage()PrepareMessage()QueryMessage()ResultMessage()
(And more...)
Messages
Defined in the Native Binary Protocol
$SRC/doc/native_protocol.spec
API Services
JMXCLI
ThriftCQL 3
JMX Management Beans
Spread around the code base.
Interfaces named *MBean
JMX Management Beans
Registered with the names such as
org.apache.cassandra.db:type=StorageProxy
API Services
JMXCLI
ThriftCQL 3
o.a.c.cli.CliMain.main()
// Connect to server to read inputthis.connect()this.evaluateFileStatements()this.processStatementInteractive()
CLI Grammar
ANTLR Grammar$SRC/src/java/o/a/c/cli/CLI.g
o.a.c.cli.CliClient.executeCLIStatement()
// Process statementCliCompiler.compileQuery() #ANTLRswitch (tree.getType()) case...
API Services
JMXCLI
ThriftCQL 3
o.a.c.thrift.CassandraServer
// Implements Thrift Interface// Access control// Input validation// Mapping to/from Thrift and internal types
Thrift Interface
Thrift IDL$SRC/interface/cassandra.thrift
o.a.c.thrift.CassandraServer.get_slice()
// get columns for one rowTracing.begin()ClientState cState = state()cState.hasColumnFamilyAccess()multigetSliceInternal()
CassandraServer.multigetSliceInternal()
// get columns for may rowsThriftValidation.validate*()// Create ReadCommandsgetSlice()
CassandraServer.getSlice()
// Process ReadCommands// return Thrift types
readColumnFamily()thriftifyColumnFamily()
CassandraServer.readColumnFamily()
// Process ReadCommands// Return ColumnFamilies
StorageProxy.read()
API Services
JMXCLI
ThriftCQL 3
o.a.c.cql3.QueryProcessor
// Prepares and executes CQL3 statements// Used by Thrift & Native transports// Access control// Input validation// Returns transport.ResultMessage
CQL3 Grammar
ANTLR Grammar$SRC/o.a.c.cql3/Cql.g
o.a.c.cql3.statements.ParsedStatement
// Subclasses generated by ANTLR// Tracks bound term count// Prepare CQLStatementprepare()
o.a.c.cql3.statements.CQLStatement
checkAccess(ClientState state)validate(ClientState state)execute(ConsistencyLevel cl, QueryState state, List<ByteBuffer> variables)
o.a.c.cql3.functions.Function
argsType()returnType()execute(List<ByteBuffer> parameters)
statements.SelectStatement.RawStatement
// Implements ParsedStatement// Input validationprepare()
statements.SelectStatement.execute()
// Create ReadCommandsStorageProxy.read()
ArchitectureAPI
DynamoDatabase
Dynamo Layero.a.c.service
o.a.c.neto.a.c.dht
o.a.c.locatoro.a.c.gms
o.a.c.stream
o.a.c.service.StorageProxy
// Cluster wide storage operations// Select endpoints & check CL available// Send messages to Stages// Wait for response// Store Hints
o.a.c.service.StorageService
// Ring operations// Track ring state// Start & stop ring membership// Node & token queries
o.a.c.service.IResponseResolver
preprocess(MessageIn<T> message)resolve() throws DigestMismatchException
RowDigestResolverRowDataResolverRangeSliceResponseResolver
Response Handlers / Callback
implements IAsyncCallback<T>
response(MessageIn<T> msg)
o.a.c.service.ReadCallback.get()
//Wait for blockfor & datacondition.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
throw ReadTimeoutException()
resolver.resolve()
o.a.c.service.StorageProxy.fetchRows()
getLiveSortedEndpoints()new RowDigestResolver()new ReadCallback()MessagingService.sendRR()---------------------------------------ReadCallback.get() # blockingcatch (DigestMismatchException ex)catch (ReadTimeoutException ex)
Dynamo Layero.a.c.service
o.a.c.neto.a.c.dht
o.a.c.locatoro.a.c.gms
o.a.c.stream
o.a.c.net.MessagingService.verb<<enum>>
MUTATIONREADREQUEST_RESPONSETREE_REQUESTTREE_RESPONSE
(And more...)
o.a.c.net.MessagingService.verbHandlers
new EnumMap<Verb, IVerbHandler>(Verb.class)
o.a.c.net.IVerbHandler<T>
doVerb(MessageIn<T> message, String id);
o.a.c.net.MessagingService.verbStages
new EnumMap<MessagingService.Verb, Stage>(MessagingService.Verb.class)
o.a.c.net.MessagingService.receive()
runnable = new MessageDeliveryTask( message, id, timestamp);
StageManager.getStage( message.getMessageType());
stage.execute(runnable);
o.a.c.net.MessageDeliveryTask.run()
// If dropable and rpc_timeoutMessagingService.incrementDroppedMessag
es(verb);
MessagingService.getVerbHandler(verb)verbHandler.doVerb(message, id)
Dynamo Layero.a.c.service
o.a.c.neto.a.c.dht
o.a.c.locatoro.a.c.gms
o.a.c.stream
o.a.c.dht.IPartitioner<T extends Token>
getToken(ByteBuffer key)getRandomToken()
LocalPartitionerRandomPartitionerMurmur3Partitioner
o.a.c.dht.Token<T>
compareTo(Token<T> o)
BytesTokenBigIntegerTokenLongToken
Dynamo Layero.a.c.service
o.a.c.neto.a.c.dht
o.a.c.locatoro.a.c.gms
o.a.c.stream
o.a.c.locator.IEndpointSnitch
getRack(InetAddress endpoint)getDatacenter(InetAddress endpoint)sortByProximity(InetAddress address,
List<InetAddress> addresses)
SimpleSnitchPropertyFileSnitchEc2MultiRegionSnitch
o.a.c.locator.AbstractReplicationStrategy
getNaturalEndpoints( RingPosition searchPosition)calculateNaturalEndpoints(Token searchToken, TokenMetadata tokenMetadata)
SimpleStrategyNetworkTopologyStrategy
o.a.c.locator.TokenMetadata
BiMultiValMap<Token, InetAddress> tokenToEndpointMapBiMultiValMap<Token, InetAddress> bootstrapTokensSet<InetAddress> leavingEndpoints
Dynamo Layero.a.c.service
o.a.c.neto.a.c.dht
o.a.c.locatoro.a.c.gms
o.a.c.stream
o.a.c.gms.VersionedValue
// VersionGenerator.getNextVersion()
public final int version;public final String value;
o.a.c.gms.ApplicationState<<enum>>
STATUSLOADSCHEMADCRACK
(And more...)
o.a.c.gms.HeartBeatState
//VersionGenerator.getNextVersion();
private int generation;private int version;
o.a.c.gms.Gossiper.GossipTask.run()
// SYN -> ACK -> ACK2makeRandomGossipDigest()new GossipDigestSyn()
// Use MessagingService.sendOneWay()Gossiper.doGossipToLiveMember()Gossiper.doGossipToUnreachableMember()Gossiper.doGossipToSeed()
gms.GossipDigestSynVerbHandler.doVerb()
Gossiper.examineGossiper()new GossipDigestAck()MessagingService.sendOneWay()
gms.GossipDigestAck2VerbHandler.doVerb()
Gossiper.notifyFailureDetector()Gossiper.applyStateLocally()
ArchitectureAPI Layer
Dynamo LayerDatabase Layer
Database Layero.a.c.concurrent
o.a.c.db
o.a.c.cacheo.a.c.io
o.a.c.trace
o.a.c.concurrent.StageManager
stages = new EnumMap<Stage, ThreadPoolExecutor>(Stage.class);
getStage(Stage stage)
o.a.c.concurrent.Stage
READMUTATIONGOSSIPREQUEST_RESPONSEANTI_ENTROPY
(And more...)
Database Layero.a.c.concurrent
o.a.c.db
o.a.c.cacheo.a.c.io
o.a.c.trace
o.a.c.db.Table
// Keyspaceopen(String table)getColumnFamilyStore(String cfName)
getRow(QueryFilter filter)apply(RowMutation mutation, boolean writeCommitLog)
o.a.c.db.ColumnFamilyStore
// Column FamilygetColumnFamily(QueryFilter filter)getTopLevelColumns(...)
apply(DecoratedKey key, ColumnFamily columnFamily, SecondaryIndexManager.Updater indexer)
o.a.c.db.IColumnContainer
addColumn(IColumn column)remove(ByteBuffer columnName)
ColumnFamilySuperColumn
o.a.c.db.ISortedColumns
addColumn(IColumn column, Allocator allocator)removeColumn(ByteBuffer name)
ArrayBackedSortedColumnsAtomicSortedColumnsTreeMapBackedSortedColumns
o.a.c.db.Memtable
put(DecoratedKey key, ColumnFamily columnFamily, SecondaryIndexManager.Updater indexer)
flushAndSignal(CountDownLatch latch, Future<ReplayPosition> context)
Memtable.FlushRunnable.writeSortedContents()
// SSTableWritercreateFlushWriter()
// Iterate through rows & CF’s in orderwriter.append()
o.a.c.db.ReadCommand
getRow(Table table)
SliceByNamesReadCommandSliceFromReadCommand
o.a.c.db.IDiskAtomFilter
getMemtableColumnIterator(...)getSSTableColumnIterator(...)
IdentityQueryFilterNamesQueryFilterSliceQueryFilter
Thanks.
Aaron Morton@aaronmorton
www.thelastpickle.com
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand License
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