AP World Review March 12, 2005 Practically all of this was stolen from other sources: a shout-out to teachers who share their ‘stuff’ on the web.

AP World ReviewMarch 12, 2005

Practically all of this was stolen from other sources: a shout-out to teachers who

share their ‘stuff’ on the web

Agenda

Information Summary: Foundations UnitMultiple Choice ExerciseDBQ Review and Partner DOC’sPractice DBQ Question

Six Themes

• The impact of interaction among major societies. Such as Trade, International Exchange, War, and Diplomacy

• The Relationship of Change and Continuity across the periods of World History

• Impact of Technology and Demography on People and the Environment; Including Population change, Manufacturing, Agriculture, etc.

• Systems of Organization and Gender Structure• Cultural and Intellectual Development and Interactions among

Societies• Change over time in functions and structures of Political States

Test Format

• Exam last 3 Hours and 5 Minutes• 55 Minutes for 70 Multiple Choice Questions• 50 Minutes for Document Based Question (10 minutes for Reading

and Evaluating Documents)• 40 Minutes for Change Over Time Essay• 40 Minutes for Comparative Essay Question• Time Frames

– Prehistory to 1000 C.E: 14% of Questions

– 1000 C.E-1450 C.E: 23 % of Questions

– 1450 C.E- 1750 C.E: 20% of Questions

– 1750 C.E- 1914 C.E: 20% of Questions

– 1914-Present: 23% of Questions

Grading

• 70 Multiple Choice Questions = 1/2 Score

• Document Based Question = 16.66% of Score

• Change Over Time Essay = 16.66% of Score

• Comparative Essay = 16.66% of Score

• Essays Graded on Scale of 0 to 9

Broad Topics addressed in Foundations Unit:Environment: domesticating plants and animalsEarly development of agricultural technologyBasic features: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley Shang China and Meso/South AmericaThe rise and fall of classical civilizations: Zhou and Han China, India (South Asia) {Gupta Empire}, Greece and RomeMajor belief systems: polytheism, animism, Hinduism Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, Christianity

Building Blocks of Civilization

• What is a Civilization? (often called advanced urban society nowadays)

– Economic System

– Political Organization

– Moral Code (Religion with hierarchy)

– Written Language (a technological advancement) and Intellectual Tradition

– Division of Labor

Early Man

• Beginnings of Humans– Hominids: 3 to 4 million years on earth– Hominids were primates– Earliest Hominids called Australopithecine– Bipeds

• Other Types of Early Man– Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Homo Sapiens

Stone Age• Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)

– Tools were used– Simple Huts– Fire

• Hunter Gatherer Societies– Family or Clan Groupings– Political Organizations Begin– Art and Music also practiced

• Agricultural Revolution: Neolithic Revolution– Occurred around end of Great Ice Age– Rapid Population Growth– Need for Change of Food Supply, more standard– New Skills Needed

• Pastoralism and Agriculture– Begins with Domestication of Plants and Animals

Results of Agricultural Revolution

• Many Diversified Crops developed

• Development of Communities and Villages– Not Based on family ties– Lead to formation of Cities

• Early Religions form around Harvest and Planting Seasons: sky religions

• Specialization of Labor– Improved Tools– Development of Social Classes

River Valley Civilizations• Mesopotamia

– Tigris and Euphrates River Valley

– Fertile Crescent: floods were unpredictable

– Written Language: Cuneiform

– Epic of Gilgamesh

– Hammurabi’s Code

• Egypt

– Nile River valley: Upper and Lower Egypt

– Inundation: regular flooding Schedule

– Monarchy: Pharaoh and Small class of Priests

– Duality: Complex Religion, Mummification

– Many great Inventions and Advances

River Valley Civilizations

• Indus Valley

– Indus and Ganges Rivers

– Reason for decline not known: may be soil exhaustion

– Highly unified and organized government

– Artistic

• China

– Yellow River valley

– Shang China: first dynasty

– Monarchy

– Bronze work, silk making, pottery, jade

– Zhou Dynasty: Many Advancements

• Mandate of heaven

Middle East Civilizations• Persians

– Created one of the largest empires on world history :from Turkey to Lybia– Cyrus the Great was first king, Darius the Great– Advanced Postal System (spies), Roads, Single Currency, and

Decentralized Government– Zoroastrianism: Primary Religion– Fell to Alexander the Great

• Phoenicians– Syria and Lebanon– Advanced Export Economy– Skilled Traders– Established Carthage– First Alphabet

Ancient Greece• Aegean, Minoan, Mycenaean

Civilizations

– Trading Societies

– Conquest (Trojan war)

– Joined into single Culture called Hellenes or Greeks

• Greek City States: Polis

– Athens, Sparta

• Athens: educated, great thinkers

• Sparta: Warlike, Soldiers, Military Strength

• Beginnings of Democracy

– Began in Athens

– Pericles

– Not full enfranchisement

– Most representative Government in Ancient World

Ancient Greece

• Peloponnesian War

– Conflict between Athens and Sparta

– Left Greece Weak

– Open to conquest from Persians and then Macedonian “Alexander the Great”

• Alexander the Great

– Great Conqueror, took over Asia, Persian Empire, territory to borderlands of India

– Spread Greek Culture throughout Eurasia

• Hellenic Culture

– Science was important, Geometry, physics, mathematics and astronomy

– Poetry (Homer), Drama(Sophocles, Aeschyles, Euripedes) Philosophy, (Socrates, Plato)

Ancient Rome• Roman Republic

– Tensions between Plebeians (lower class) and Patrician (upper class)– Beginning of Roman expansion– Punic Wars

• Three Campaigns against Carthage (for control of

Mediterranean Sea• Rome was Victorious

– Began expanding to the East (Greece, Balkans)• Collapse of Roman Republic

– Too Much expansion– Caused Social Problems, Civil wars, disease– Solidification of Leadership under single hand

• Roman empire– Julius Caesar, Octavian (Caesar Agustus)

Han Dynasty

• Strongest and longest dynasty

--Confucianist

• Expansionist Empire– Postal system– Roads – Defensive fortifications

• Weak Leadership caused collapse– Corruption and leadership issues

Similarities between the Fall of Rome and the Fall of the Han Dynasty:

1. Nomadic Invaders

2. Economic Stagnation and Contraction

3. Disease

4. Growing decentralization of the government

5. Loss of faith in the society

India• Aryans

– Nomadic Group invaded India– Earliest Europeans– Conquered the Dravidians (Dark Skinned Indians)– Established Warrior Aristocracy– Established Sanskrit– Vedic and Early Hindu faith

• Caste System• Priests (Brahmins)• Warriors and Political Rulers (Kshatruyas)• Commoners• Servants and Peasants• The “Untouchables”

– Born into Caste; Cannot be changed

India Continued

• Mauryan empire– Ashoka: famous Emperor– Converted to Buddhism– Collapsed from outside attacks

• Gupta Empire– Religious toleration– Muslim invaders

Religious Traditions: 1. Animism—the belief that all things in the world are infused with spirit. Certain spirits must remain pleased in order to create order in the universe.

Religions

• Judaism– Hebrews– Monotheistic (cultural hearth in Palestine)

• YAWEH– Covenant--

• Islam—a salvation tradition– Founded by Muhammad (cultural hearth in Arabia)– Five Pillars– Allah

Religions Continued• Christianity—a salvation tradition

– Messiah: Jesus (cultural hearlth in Palestine during the Roman Empire)

– Evangelical• Hinduism (cultural hearth in South Asia)

– Bramin, Multiple Gods, Darma, Karma, Reincarnation, Caste System

• Buddhism—a salvation tradition– 4 Noble truths (cultural hearth in South Asia)– 8 fold path

• Daoism (Taoism) (cultural hearth in East Asia)– The Way– Harmony with Nature

Consider the shared traits of River Valley Civ.’s

Consider the shared traits of Classical Empires

Why did Civ.’s fail?

Trade?

Technology?

Patriarchy?

Religious Traditions?

Environmental concerns