AP Physics B Practice Exam - · PDF fileThis document is not a complete practice exam. Rather, it is a compilation ... This Practice Exam is provided by the College Board for AP Exam

AP® Physics B Practice Exam

From the 2014 Administration

NOTE: This document is not a complete practice exam. Rather, it is a compilation of questions from the 2014 AP Physics B International Exam that support the learning objectives of the redesigned AP Physics 1 and AP Physics 2 courses. Questions that do not support this course have been removed. This publication may be used to help students prepare for future exams. Following the last page of the exam, there is an answer key as well as the learning objectives which are supported by each of the questions herein.

This Practice Exam is provided by the College Board for AP Exam preparation. Teachers are permitted to download the materials and make copies to use with their students in a classroom setting only. To maintain the security of this exam, teachers should collect all materials after their administration and keep them in a secure location. Exams may not be posted on school or personal websites, nor electronically redistributed for any reason. Further distribution of these materials outside of the secure College Board site disadvantages teachers who rely on uncirculated questions for classroom testing. Any additional distribution is in violation of the College Board’s copyright policies and may result in the termination of Practice Exam access for your school as well as the removal of access to other online services such as the AP Teacher Community and Online Score Reports.

Contents

Exam Instructions

Student Answer Sheet for the Multiple-Choice Section

Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions

Section II: Free-Response Questions

Multiple-Choice Answer Key

Free-Response Scoring Guidelines

Note: This publication shows the page numbers that appeared in the 2013−14 AP Exam Instructions book and in the actual exam. This publication was not repaginated to begin with page 1.

© 2014 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: www.collegeboard.com/inquiry/cbpermit.html.

www.collegeboard.com/inquiry/cbpermit.html

Exam Instructions

The following contains instructions taken from the 2013−14 AP Exam Instructions book.

189

PH

YS

ICS

B

WhatProctorsNeedtoBringtoThisExam

• . Exam .packets• . Answer .sheets• . AP .Student .Packs• . 2013-14 AP Coordinator’s Manual .• . This .book .— .AP Exam Instructions• . School .Code .and .Home-School/Self-

Study .Codes• . Extra .calculators• . Extra .rulers .or .straightedges

• . Pencil .sharpener• . Extra .No . .2 .pencils .with .erasers• . Extra .pens .with .black .or .dark .blue .ink• . Extra .paper• . Stapler• . Watch• . Signs .for .the .door .to .the .testing .room . – .“Exam .in .Progress” . – . .“Cell .phones .are .prohibited .in .the .

testing .room”

Students .are .permitted .to .use .four-function, .scientific, .or .graphing .calculators .to .answer .the .questions .in .Section .II .of .the .AP .Physics .B .Exam . .Students .are .not .allowed .to .use .calculators .in .Section .I . .Before .starting .the .exam .administration, .make .sure .each .student .has .an .appropriate .calculator, .and .any .student .with .a .graphing .calculator .has .a .model .from .the .approved .list .on .page .45 .of .the .2013-14 AP Coordinator’s Manual . .See .pages .42–45 .of .the .2013-14 AP Coordinator’s Manual .for .more .information . .If .a .student .does .not .have .an .appropriate .calculator .or .has .a .graphing .calculator .not .on .the .approved .list, .you .may .provide .one .from .your .supply . .If .the .student .does .not .want .to .use .the .calculator .you .provide .or .does .not .want .to .use .a .calculator .at .all, .he .or .she .must .hand .copy, .date, .and .sign .the .release .statement .on .page .43 .of .the .2013-14 AP Coordinator’s Manual . .

During .the .administration .of .Section .II, .students .may .have .no .more .than .two .calculators .on .their .desks . .Calculators .may .not .be .shared . .Calculator .memories .do .not .need .to .be .cleared .before .or .after .the .exam . .Students .with .Hewlett-Packard .48–50 .Series .and .Casio .FX-9860 .graphing .calculators .may .use .cards .designed .for .use .with .these .calculators . .Proctors .should .make .sure .infrared .ports .(Hewlett-Packard) .are .not .facing .each .other . .Sincegraphingcalculatorscanbeusedtostoredata,includingtext,proctorsshouldmonitorthatstudentsareusingtheircalculatorsappropriately.Attemptsbystudentstousethecalculatortoremoveexamquestionsand/oranswersfromtheroommayresultinthecancellationofAPExamscores.

Rulers .and .straightedges .may .be .used .for .the .entire .exam .

SECTIONI:MultipleChoice

!DonotbegintheexaminstructionsbelowuntilyouhavecompletedtheappropriateGeneralInstructionsforyourgroup.

This .exam .includes .survey .questions . .The .time .allowed .for .the .survey .questions .is .in .addition .to .the .actual .test-taking .time . .

Make .sure .you .begin .the .exam .at .the .designated .time . .

AP®PhysicsBExamRegularly Scheduled Exam Date: Monday afternoon, May 12, 2014

Late-Testing Exam Date: Friday morning, May 23, 2014 Section I Total Time: 1 hr. 30 min. Section II Total Time: 1 hr. 30 min.

190

Physics B

If you are giving the regularly scheduled exam, say:

It is Monday afternoon, May 12, and you will be taking the AP Physics B Exam.

If you are giving the alternate exam for late testing, say:

It is Friday morning, May 23, and you will be taking the AP Physics B Exam.

In a moment, you will open the packet that contains your exam materials. By opening this packet, you agree to all of the AP Program’s policies and procedures outlined in the 2013-14 Bulletin for AP Students and Parents. You may now remove the shrinkwrap from your exam packet and take out the Section I booklet, but do not open the booklet or the shrinkwrapped Section II materials. Put the white seals aside. . . .

Carefully remove the AP Exam label found near the top left of your exam booklet cover. Now place it on page 1 of your answer sheet on the light blue box near the top right-hand corner that reads “AP Exam Label.”

If .students .accidentally .place .the .exam .label .in .the .space .for .the .number .label .or .vice .versa, .advise .them .to .leave .the .labels .in .place . .They .should .not .try .to .remove .the .label; .their .exam .will .be .processed .correctly . .

Read the statements on the front cover of Section I and look up when you have finished. . . .

Sign your name and write today’s date. Look up when you have finished. . . .

Now print your full legal name where indicated. Are there any questions? . . .

Turn to the back cover and read it completely. Look up when you have finished. . . .

Are there any questions? . . .

Section I is the multiple-choice portion of the exam. You may never discuss these specific multiple-choice questions at any time in any form with anyone, including your teacher and other students. If you disclose these questions through any means, your AP Exam score will be canceled. Are there any questions? . . .

You must complete the answer sheet using a No. 2 pencil only. Mark all of your responses beginning on page 2 of your answer sheet, one response per question. Completely fill in the circles. If you need to erase, do so carefully and completely. No credit will be given for anything written in the exam booklet. Scratch paper is not allowed, but you may use the margins or any blank space in the exam booklet for scratch work. Rulers and straightedges may be used for the entire exam, but calculators are not allowed for Section I of the exam. Please put all of your calculators under your chair. Are there any questions? . . .

You have 1 hour and 30 minutes for this section. Open your Section I booklet and begin.

191

AP Exam InstructionsP

HY

SIC

S B

12

639

.Note .Start .Time .here . . .Note .Stop .Time .here . . .Check .that .students .are .

marking .their .answers .in .pencil .on .their .answer .sheets, .and .that .they .are .not .looking .at .their .shrinkwrapped .Section .II .booklets . .After .1 .hour .and .30 .minutes, .say: .

Stop working and turn to the last page of your booklet. . . .

You have 2 minutes to answer Questions 101–106. These are survey questions and will not affect your score. You may not go back to work on any of the exam questions. You may now begin.

To .help .you .and .your .proctors .make .sure .students .are .not .working .on .the .exam .questions, .the .two .pages .with .the .survey .questions .are .identified .with .a .large .S .on .the .upper .corner .of .each .page . .Give .students .2 .minutes .to .answer .the .survey .questions . .Then .say:

Close your booklet and put your answer sheet on your desk, face up. Make sure you have your AP number label and an AP Exam label on page 1 of your answer sheet. I will now collect your answer sheet.

Collect .an .answer .sheet .from .each .student . .Check .that .each .answer .sheet .has .an .AP .number .label .and .an .AP .Exam .label . .Then .say:

Now you must seal your exam booklet. Remove the white seals from the backing and press one on each area of your exam booklet cover marked “PLACE SEAL HERE.” Fold each seal over the back cover. When you have finished, place the booklet on your desk, face up. I will now collect your Section I booklet. . . .

Collect .a .Section .I .booklet .from .each .student . .Check .that .each .student .has .signed .the .front .cover . .of .the .sealed .Section .I .booklet .

There .is .a .10-minute .break .between .Sections .I .and .II . .When .all .Section .I .materials .have .been .collected .and .accounted .for .and .you .are .ready .for .the .break, .say:

Please listen carefully to these instructions before we take a 10-minute break. Everything you placed under your chair at the beginning of the exam must stay there. Leave your shrinkwrapped Section II packet on your desk during the break. You are not allowed to consult teachers, other students, or textbooks about the exam during the break. You may not make phone calls, send text messages, check email, use a social networking site, or access any electronic or communication device. Remember, you are not allowed to discuss the multiple-choice section of this exam. If you do not follow these rules, your score could be canceled. Are there any questions? . . .

12

639

.You may begin your break. Testing will resume at .

SECTIONII:FreeResponseAfter .the .break, .say:

May I have everyone’s attention? Place your Student Pack on your desk. . . .

You may now remove the shrinkwrap from the Section II packet, but do not open the exam booklet until you are told to do so. . . .

192

Physics B

Read the bulleted statements on the front cover of the exam booklet. Look up when you have finished. . . .

Now place an AP number label on the shaded box. If you don’t have any AP number labels, write your AP number in the box. Look up when you have finished. . . .

Read the last statement. . . .

Using your pen, print the first, middle and last initials of your legal name in the boxes and print today’s date where indicated. This constitutes your signature and your agreement to the statements on the front cover. . . .

Turn to the back cover and complete Item 1 under “Important Identification Information.” Print the first two letters of your last name and the first letterof your first name in the boxes. Look up when you have finished. . . .

In Item 2, print your date of birth in the boxes. . . .

In Item 3, write the school code you printed on the front of your Student Pack in the boxes. . . .

Read Item 4. . . .


I need to collect the Student Pack from anyone who will be taking another AP Exam. You may keep it only if you are not taking any other AP Exams this year. If you have no other AP Exams to take, place your Student Pack under your chair now. . . .

While Student Packs are being collected, read the information on the back cover of the exam booklet. Do not open the booklet until you are told to do so. Look up when you have finished. . . .

Collect .the .Student .Packs . .Then .say: .


Calculators may be used for Section II. You may get your calculators from under your chair and place them on your desk. . . .

You have 1 hour and 30 minutes to complete Section II. You are responsible for pacing yourself, and you may proceed freely from one question to the next. You must write your answers in the exam booklet using a pen with black or dark blue ink or a No. 2 pencil. If you use a pencil, be sure that your writing is dark enough to be easily read. If you need more paper during the exam, raise your hand. At the top of each extra piece of paper you use, be sure to write only your AP number and the number of the question you are working on. Do not write your name. Are there any questions? . . .

You may begin.

193

AP Exam InstructionsP

HY

SIC

S B

12

639

.Note .Start .Time .here . . .Note .Stop .Time .here . . .Check .that .students

are .writing .their .answers .in .their .exam .booklets . .You .should .also .make .sure .that .Hewlett-Packard .calculators’ .infrared .ports .are .not .facing .each .other .and .that .students .are .not .sharing .calculators . .After .1 .hour .and .20 .minutes, .say:

There are 10 minutes remaining.

After .10 .minutes, .say:

Stop working and close your exam booklet. Place it on your desk, face up. . . .

If .any .students .used .extra .paper .for .the .free-response .section, .have .those .students .staple .the .extra .sheet/s .to .the .first .page .corresponding .to .that .question .in .their .exam .booklets . .Then .say:

Remain in your seat, without talking, while the exam materials are collected. . . .

Collect .a .Section .II .booklet .from .each .student . .Check .for .the .following: .• . Exam .booklet .front .cover: .The .student .placed .an .AP .number .label .on .the .shaded .box, .and .

printed .his .or .her .initials .and .today’s .date . .• . Exam .booklet .back .cover: .The .student .completed .the .“Important .Identification .

Information” .area .

When .all .exam .materials .have .been .collected .and .accounted .for, .return .to .students .any .electronic .devices .you .may .have .collected .before .the .start .of .the .exam . .

If you are giving the regularly scheduled exam, say:

You may not discuss or share these specific free-response questions with anyone unless they are released on the College Board website in about two days. Your AP score results will be available online in July.

If you are giving the alternate exam for late testing, say:

None of the questions in this exam may ever be discussed or shared in any way at any time. Your AP score results will be available online in July.

If .any .students .completed .the .AP .number .card .at .the .beginning .of .this .exam, .say:Please remember to take your AP number card with you. You will need the information on this card to view your scores and order AP score reporting services online.

Then .say:You are now dismissed.

All .exam .materials .should .be .put .in .secure .storage .until .they .are .returned .to .the .AP .Program .after .your .school’s .last .administration . .Before .storing .materials, .check .the .“School .Use .Only” .section .on .page .1 .of .the .answer .sheet .and: .

.• . Fill .in .the .appropriate .section .number .circle .in .order .to .access .a .separate .AP . .Instructional .Planning .Report .(for .regularly .scheduled .exams .only) .or .subject . .score .roster .at .the .class .section .or .teacher .level . .See .“Post-Exam .Activities” .in .the . .2013-14 AP Coordinator’s Manual .

.• . Check .your .list .of .students .who .are .eligible .for .fee .reductions .and .fill .in .the . .appropriate .circle .on .their .registration .answer .sheets . .

Student Answer Sheet for the Multiple-Choice Section

Use this section to capture student responses. (Note that the following answer sheet is a sample, and may differ from one used in an actual exam.)

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If this answer sheet is for the French Language and Culture, German Language and Culture, Italian Language and Culture, Spanish Language and Culture, or Spanish Literature and Culture Exam, please answer the following questions. Your responses will not affect your score.

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2. Do you regularly speak or hear the language at home?

A B C D

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Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions

This is the multiple-choice section of the 2014 AP exam. It includes cover material and other administrative instructions to help familiarize students with the mechanics of the exam. (Note that future exams may differ in look from the following content.)

At a Glance Total Time 1 hour, 30 minutes

Number of Questions 70

Percent of Total Score 50%

Writing Instrument Pencil required

Electronic DeviceNone allowed

AP® Physics B Exam SECTION I: Multiple Choice 2014

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Instructions Section I of this exam contains 70 multiple-choice questions. Fill in only the circles for numbers 1 through 70 on your answer sheet. A table of information that may be helpful isin the booklet. Rulers and straightedges may be used in this section.

Indicate all of your answers to the multiple-choice questions on the answer sheet. No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the booklet for notes or scratch work. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, completely fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. Here is a sample question and answer.

Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend too much time on any one question. Go on to other questions and come back to the ones you have not answered if you have time. It is not expected that everyone will know the answers to all of the multiple-choice questions.

Your total score on the multiple-choice section is based only on the number of questions answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers or unanswered questions.

Form I Form Code 4JBP6-S

78

C∞

-2-

TABLE OF INFORMATION, EFFECTIVE 2012

CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Proton mass, 271.67 10 kgpm -= ¥

Neutron mass, 271.67 10 kgnm -= ¥

Electron mass, 319.11 10 kgem -= ¥

Avogadro’s number, 23 -10 6.02 10 molN = ¥

Universal gas constant, 8.31 J (mol K)R = i

Boltzmann’s constant, 231.38 10 J KBk -= ¥

Electron charge magnitude, 191.60 10 Ce -= ¥

1 electron volt, 191 eV 1.60 10 J-= ¥

Speed of light, 83.00 10 m sc = ¥Universal gravitational

constant,11 3 26.67 10 m kg sG -= ¥ i

Acceleration due to gravityat Earth’s surface,

29.8 m sg =

1 unified atomic mass unit, 27 21 u 1.66 10 kg 931 MeV c-= ¥ = Planck’s constant, = ¥ i- -ih 6.63 10 34 J s = 4.14 ¥ 10 15i eV s

= ¥= ¥ i-hc 1.99 10 25 J m = 1.24 ¥ 103i eV nmi

Vacuum permittivity, 12 2 20 8.85 10 C N m-= ¥ i�

Coulomb’s law constant, 9 201 4 9.0 10 N m Ck p= = ¥ i� 2

Vacuum permeability, 70 4 10 (T m)m p -= ¥ i A

Magnetic constant, 70 4 1 10 (T m)k m p -= = ¥¢ i A

1 atmosphere pressure, 5 21 atm 1.0 10 N m 1.0 105 Pa= ¥ = ¥

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, Fkilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, Tsecond, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius,ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, W electron-volt, eV

UNIT SYMBOLS

kelvin, K joule, J henry, H

PREFIXES

Factor Prefix Symbol

109 giga G

106 mega M

103 kilo k

10-2 centi c

10-3 milli m

10-6 micro m

10-9 nano n

10-12 pico p

VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

q 0 30 37 45 53 60 90

sinq 0 1 2 3 5 2 2 4 5 3 2 1

cosq 1 3 2 4 5 2 2 3 5 1 2 0

tanq 0 3 3 3 4 1 4 3 3 •

The following conventions are used in this exam. I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is

assumed to be inertial. II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive

charge (conventional current). III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at

an infinite distance from the charge. IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work

done on a system.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-3-

PHYSICS B SECTION I

Time—90 minutes 70 Questions

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.

Note: To simplify calculations, you may use 210 m sg = in all problems.

1. A wind is blowing from north to south, as shownabove, at a speed of 8 m/s. A bicycle is travelingdue east at a speed of 8 m/s. Considering both thewind and air resistance, in what direction will asmall flag on the bicycle point?

(A) South(B) West(C) Southeast(D) Southwest(E) Northwest

Questions 2 to 9 did not align with either new course and have been removed.

Question 1 aligns to the new Physics 1 exam.

10. Object A is released from rest at height h. At thesame instant, object B is thrown downward fromthe same location. Which of the following graphsof speed u as a function of time t is correct forthe two objects?


-4-

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

Question 10 aligns to the new AP Physics 1 exam.

Questions 11 and 12 did not align with either new course and have been removed.

13. Charges Q of equal magnitude and opposite signare on the plates of an isolated parallel-platecapacitor of capacitance C. The voltage betweenthe plates is V, and the energy stored in thecapacitor is U. If Q is doubled and C is notchanged, how are V and U affected?


V U

(A) Halved Halved (B) Halved Quartered (C) Not changed Not changed(D) Doubled Doubled (E) Doubled Quadrupled

14. Statements that are true for a stationary chargedpoint particle include which of the following?

I. The electric field created by the charge at any single point is a vector.

II. The inverse square law applies to the electricforce, electric field, and electric potential created by the charge.

III. The electric field is directed away from theparticle if the charge is positive.

(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) I and III only (E) I, II, and III




-5-

20. The converging lens represented above has focalpoints f. An object is placed in region O, whichis above the principal axis. In which of the otherfive labeled regions will an image of the objectappear?

(A) A(B) B(C) C(D) D(E) E

26. The horizontal wire shown on the right in thefigure above will break when the tension in itexceeds the value maxT . What is the maximum

mass M that the hanging object can have withoutthe horizontal wire breaking? (Assume the wireon the left does not break prior to the horizontalwire breaking.)

(A) maxTg

(B) max

sinTg q

(C) max

cosT

g q

(D) max

tanT

g q

(E) max tanTg

q

18. Resonance occurs in a soft drink bottle as air isblown across its top. What property of theresonant sound wave in the bottle remains thesame as the level of fluid in the bottle decreases?

I. The speed of the wave II. The wavelength of the wave

III. The frequency of the wave

(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and II only (E) I, II, and III

Question 19 did not align with either new course and has been removed.

21. A resistor and an initially uncharged capacitor areconnected in series with a battery. A long time afterthe circuit is connected, which of the following istrue?

(A) The voltage across the resistor is at itsmaximum.

(B) The voltage across the capacitor is at itsminimum.

(C) The charge on the capacitor is at itsminimum.

(D) The current in the circuit is at its maximum.(E) The current in the circuit is zero.







33. The toy car shown in the figure above entersthe vertical circular loop with an initial velocityand moves completely around the loop withoutfriction. If the car has no means of self-propulsion, which of the following is true of thecar’s acceleration at the instant it is at point P ?

(A) It is vertically upward.(B) It is in the direction of the velocity.(C) It is directly toward the center of the circle.(D) It has components both downward

and toward the center of the circle. (E) It has components both downward

and away from the center of the circle.

34. Two particles collide and stick together. If noexternal forces act on the two particles, whichof the following is correct for the change in totalmomentum pD and the change in total kineticenergy KD of the two particles?

(A) 0pD < ; 0KD <

(B) 0pD < ; 0KD =

(C) 0pD = ; 0KD <

(D) 0pD = ; 0KD =

(E) 0pD = ; 0KD >

Questions 37-38

A monatomic ideal gas is initially in state A, as shown in the PV diagram above. The gas undergoes a transition from state A by the three different processes shown, where process III is isothermal.

37. Positive work is performed on the gas in whichof the following processes?

(A) I only(B) III only(C) I and II only(D) II and III only(E) I, II, and III

38. Energy is added to the gas by heating in which ofthe following processes?

(A) I only(B) III only(C) I and II only(D) II and III only(E) I, II, and III


Question 33 aligns to the new AP Physics 1 exam.Question 37 aligns to the new AP Physics 2 exam.

Question 34 aligns to both the newAP Physics 1 and AP Physics 2 exams.




-6-


40. A nonrotating spherical planet with no atmospherehas mass M and radius R. A projectile of mass mis launched radially from the surface of the planetwith initial speed 2GM Ru = . The potentialenergy of the projectile-planet system, as a functionof the projectile’s distance r from the center of theplanet, is given by U GM= - m r . The greatestdistance from the center of the planet that theprojectile reaches is

(A) infinity(B) R

(C) 75

R

(D) 43

R

(E) 2R

41. The radius of an asteroid’s orbit about the Sun isapproximately 2 times the radius of Earth’s orbitabout the Sun. The time, measured in Earth years,for the asteroid to make one complete revolutionabout the Sun is most nearly

(A) 1.4 years(B) 2.0 years(C) 2.8 years(D) 4.0 years(E) 8.0 years

Questions 46-47

An object of mass m is attached to a spring on a frictionless inclined plane that makes an angle q with the horizontal, as shown above. The object is released from rest with the spring in its unstretched position. As the object moves on the plane, its displacement from the unstretched position is x.

46. What is the magnitude of the work done bygravity as the object slides down the incline?

(A) sinmgx q

(B) cosmgx q

(C) sin cosmgx q q

(D)sinmgx

q

(E) cosmgx

q

47. The object subsequently oscillates about anequilibrium position at a displacement 0x from

the unstretched position of the spring. What is thespring constant of the spring?

(A)0 cosmg

x q

(B) 0 sinmg

x q

(C) 0

tanmgx

q

(D) 0

cosmgx

q

(E) 0

sinmgx

q






-7-


48. A pendulum has a length and a bob of mass m.Which of the following is true of the linearmomentum of the bob as it swings from itshighest to lowest point?

(A) It remains constant because momentum isalways conserved.

(B) It increases in magnitude and changes direction.

(C) It decreases in magnitude and does not change direction.

(D) It is converted to angular momentum. (E) It is converted to kinetic energy.


Average Kinetic Energy Volume

(A) Decreases Remains unchanged (B) Decreases Increases (C) Remains unchanged Increases (D) Increases Remains unchanged (E) Increases Increases


59. A positively charged rod is initially far from aneutral, grounded conductor and is then broughtclose to the conductor without touching it. If theground wire is removed while the charged rod isnear the conductor, what is the net charge on theconductor?

(A) Positive(B) Negative(C) There is no net charge on the conductor.(D) The conductor is charged, but the sign of the

charge is unknown. (E) It cannot be determined without knowing the

shape of the conductor.


60. Which of the following temperature changes willproduce the largest percent increase in the lengthof an iron bar?

I. An increase from 10 C∞ to 12 C∞II. An increase from 20 C∞ to 21 C∞

III. An increase from 283 K to 285 K

(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only; they will produce the same

maximum percent increase. (D) I and III only; they will produce the same

maximum percent increase. (E) I, II, and III; they will produce the same

maximum percent increase.



62. An ideal gas in a closed container of variablevolume experiences an increase in temperaturewhile the pressure remains unchanged. Whathappens to the average kinetic energy of themolecules and the volume of the gas as thetemperature increases?


Questions 63 amd 64 did not align with either new course and have been removed.

-8-


70. A 0p meson is a particle with a mass of282.4 10 kg-¥ that can decay to produce

photons. What is the order of magnitude of theenergy contained in all the photons produced

when a 0p meson completely decays?

(A) 3610 J-

(B) 2710 J-

(C) 2110 J-

(D) 1910 J-

(E) 1110 J-

65. Two identical glass plates, whose circular surfacesare carefully polished to be very flat, are arrangedas shown above. At one side the pieces touch, anda thin rod is placed between them at the other sideto form a wedge of air. Monochromatic lightshines on the top plate, creating an interferencepattern of light and dark regions. Which of thefollowing best describes this pattern?

(A) Concentric circles centered on the center ofthe plates

(B) Concentric circles whose centers are closeto the rod

(C) Lines parallel to the rod(D) Lines perpendicular to the rod(E) A random pattern




-9-

-10-

S T O P END OF SECTION I

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION.

DO NOT GO ON TO SECTION II UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

MAKE SURE YOU HAVE DONE THE FOLLOWING.

• PLACED YOUR AP NUMBER LABEL ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET

• WRITTEN AND GRIDDED YOUR AP NUMBER CORRECTLY ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET

• TAKEN THE AP EXAM LABEL FROM THE FRONT OF THIS BOOKLET AND PLACED IT ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET

Section II: Free-Response Questions

This is the free-response section of the 2014 AP exam. It includes cover material and other administrative instructions to help familiarize students with the mechanics of the exam. (Note that future exams may differ in look from the following content.)

AP® Physics B Exam SECTION II: Free Response 2014

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

At a Glance Total Time 1 hour, 30 minutes

Number of Questions 6

Percent of Total Score 50%

Writing Instrument Either pencil or pen wit h black or dark blue ink

Electronic Device Calculator allowed

Percent of Section II Score Questions 4 and 6: 25%

Instructions The questions for Section II are printed in this booklet. You may use any blank space in the booklet for scratch work, but you must write your answers in the spaces provided for each answer. A table of information and lists of equations that may be helpful are in the booklet. Calculators, rulers, and straightedges may be used in this section.

All final numerical answers should include appropriate units. Credit for your work depends on demonstrating that you know which physical principles would be appropriate to apply in a particular situation. Therefore, you should show your work for each part in the space provided after that part. If you need more space, be sure to clearly indicate where you continue your work. Credit will be awarded only for work that is clearly designated as the solution to a specific part of a question. Credit also depends on the quality of your solutions and explanations, so you should show your work.

Write clearly and legibly. Cross out any errors you make; erased or crossed-out work will not be scored. You may lose credit for incorrect work that is not crossed out.

Manage your time carefully. You may proceed freely from one question to the next. You may review your responses if you finish before the end of the exam is announced.

Form I Form Code 4JBP6-S

78

Questions1, 2, 3, and 5:75%

C∞

-3-

TABLE OF INFORMATION, EFFECTIVE 2012

CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Proton mass, 271.67 10 kgpm -= ¥

Neutron mass, 271.67 10 kgnm -= ¥

Electron mass, 319.11 10 kgem -= ¥

Avogadro’s number, 23 -10 6.02 10 molN = ¥

Universal gas constant, 8.31 J (mol K)R = i

Boltzmann’s constant, 231.38 10 J KBk -= ¥

Electron charge magnitude, 191.60 10 Ce -= ¥

1 electron volt, 191 eV 1.60 10 J-= ¥

Speed of light, 83.00 10 m sc = ¥Universal gravitational

constant,11 3 26.67 10 m kg sG -= ¥ i

Acceleration due to gravityat Earth’s surface,

29.8 m sg =

1 unified atomic mass unit, 27 21 u 1.66 10 kg 931 MeV c-= ¥ = Planck’s constant, = ¥ i- -ih 6.63 10 34 J s = 4.14 ¥ 10 15i eV s

= ¥= ¥ i-hc 1.99 10 25 J m = 1.24 ¥ 103i eV nmi

Vacuum permittivity, 12 2 20 8.85 10 C N m-= ¥ i�

Coulomb’s law constant, 9 201 4 9.0 10 N m Ck p= = ¥ i� 2

Vacuum permeability, 70 4 10 (T m)m p -= ¥ i A

Magnetic constant, 70 4 1 10 (T m)k m p -= = ¥¢ i A

1 atmosphere pressure, 5 21 atm 1.0 10 N m 1.0 105 Pa= ¥ = ¥

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, Fkilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, Tsecond, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius,ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, W electron-volt, eV

UNIT SYMBOLS

kelvin, K joule, J henry, H

PREFIXES

Factor Prefix Symbol

109 giga G

106 mega M

103 kilo k

10-2 centi c

10-3 milli m

10-6 micro m

10-9 nano n

10-12 pico p

VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

q 0 30 37 45 53 60 90

sinq 0 1 2 3 5 2 2 4 5 3 2 1

cosq 1 3 2 4 5 2 2 3 5 1 2 0

tanq 0 3 3 3 4 1 4 3 3 •

The following conventions are used in this exam. I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is

assumed to be inertial. II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive

charge (conventional current). III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at

an infinite distance from the charge. IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work

done on a system.

-4-

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS, EFFECTIVE 2012

NEWTONIAN MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

0 atu u= +

20 0

12

x x t atu= + +

(2 20 2a x xu u= + - )0

net mÂ = =F F a

fricF Nm£

2

ca ru=

sin rt q= F

m=p v

tD D= =J F p

212

K mu=

gU mD = gh

cosW F r qD=

avgWP tD=

P F cosu q=

s k= -F x

212sU kx=

2smT kp=

2pT gp=

1T f=

1 22G

Gm mF

r= -

1 2G

Gm mU r= -

a = acceleration F = force f = frequency h = height J = impulse K = kinetic energy k = spring constant

= lengthm = mass N = normal force P = power p = momentum r = radius or distance T = period t = time U = potential energy u = velocity or speed W = work done on

a system x = position m = coefficient of friction q = angle t = torque

21 2= kq qFr

q= FE

1 2= =Ekq qU qV r

avgVE d= -

31 2

1 2 3...Ê= + +ÁË

qq qV k r r r ˆ+ ˜̄

QC V=

0 AC d=

�

21 12 2cU QV CV= =

avgQI t

DD

=

R Ar=

V IR= P IV=

1 2 3 ...= + + +pC C C C

1 2 3

1 1 1 1 ...= + + +sC C C C

1 2 3 ...= + + +sR R R R

1 2 3

1 1 1 1 ...= + + +pR R R R

sinBF q Bu q=

sinBF BI q=

0

2IB r

mp

=

cosm BAf q=

m

tfe DD

= -avg

B ue =

A = area B = magnetic field C = capacitance d = distance E = electric field e = emfF = force I = current

= lengthP = power Q = charge q = point charge R = resistance r = distance t = time U = potential (stored)

energy V = electric potential or

potential difference u = velocity or speed r = resistivity

q = angle

mf = magnetic flux

-5-

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS, EFFECTIVE 2012

FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMAL PHYSICS WAVES AND OPTICS

m Vr =

0P P ghr= +

buoyF Vgr=

1 1 2 2A Au = u

21 const.2

P gyr ru+ + =

0 TaD D=

kA TH LD=

FP A=

BPV nRT Nk T= =

32avg BK k= T

33 Brms

k TRTMu

m= =

W PD= - V

U Q WD = +

H

We Q=

H Cc

H

T Te T

-=

A = area e = efficiency F = force h = depth H = rate of heat transfer k = thermal conductivity Kavg = average molecular

kinetic energy = length

L = thickness m = mass M = molar mass n = number of moles N = number of molecules P = pressure Q = heat transferred to a

system T = temperature U = internal energy V = volume u = velocity or speed

rmsu = root-mean-square

velocity W = work done on a system y = height a = coefficient of linear

expansion m = mass of molecule

r = density

fu l=

cnu

=

1 1 2 2sin sinn nq = q

2

1sin

nc nq =

0

1 1 1s s fi

+ =

0 0

i iM h s= = -h s

2Rf =

sind mq l=lª m Lxm d

d = separation f = frequency or

focal length h = height L = distance M = magnification m = an integer n = index of

refraction R = radius of

curvature s = distance u = speed x = position l = wavelength

q = angle

ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

E hf pc= =

maxK hf f= -

hpl =

2( )E m cD D=

E = energy f = frequency K = kinetic energy m = mass p = momentum l = wavelength f = work function

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY Rectangle

A bh= Triangle

12

A bh=

Circle 2A rp=

2C rp= Rectangular Solid

V w= hCylinder

2V rp=22 2S rp p= + r

Sphere

343

V rp=

24S rp=

Right Triangle 2 2 2a b c+ =

sin acq =

cos bc

q =

tan abq =

A = area C = circumferenceV = volume S = surface area b = base h = height

= length w = width r = radius

c a

b90°q


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PHYSICS B SECTION II

Time—90 minutes 6 Questions

Directions: Answer all six questions, which are weighted according to the points indicated. The suggested times are about 17 minutes for answering each of Questions 1-3 and 5 and about 11 minutes for answering each of Questions 4 and 6. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show all your work in this booklet in the spaces provided after each part.



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3. (15 points)

The apparatus shown above consists of two identical springs of negligible mass, each with spring constant 20.4 N mk = and each attached at one end to a vertical rotating pole. Identical small spheres of mass m are

attached to the other ends of the springs. The spheres are constrained to horizontal motion by horizontal guides of negligible friction, each of which has a ruler below it for measuring the radial position r of the sphere. The system can be manually rotated about the pole’s axis. In a lab experiment, a student adjusts the rotational speed so that the spheres move to a desired radius r. For each such value of r, the student measures the rotational period T. The student’s partially completed data table is shown below. The length of each unstretched spring is 0.15 mL = .

Trial

Radial Position

r (m)

PeriodT (s)

Acceleration

( )2m sca Spring Force

springF (N)

1 0.300 0.440 61.2 3.06

2

0.270 0.475 47.2 2.45

3 0.240 0.530

4 0.210 0.570 25.5 1.22

5 0.180 0.795 11.2 0.61

(a) Calculate the missing values from the table above. Show your work in the space below.

(b) On the axes below, plot the data points for the spring force springF as a function of the acceleration ca . Label

the axes, including the scale. Draw a straight line that best represents the data.


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(c)

i. Calculate the slope of your line.

ii. Indicate what the slope calculated in part (c)-i represents.

(d) One sphere and one spring are removed from the rotation apparatus. They are hung vertically so that the sphere is now suspended from the spring, as shown below.

i. Describe a procedure you could use, and the measurements you would make, to verify the valueobtained in part (c) using the setup shown above.

ii. Show how you would use the measurements described in part (d)-i to verify the value obtained inpart (c).


Question 3 aligns to the new Physics 1 exam.

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THIS PAGE MAY BE USED FOR SCRATCH WORK.

STOP

END OF EXAM

THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS APPLY TO THE COVERS OF THE SECTION II BOOKLET.

•

•

•

MAKE SURE YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE IDENTIFICATIONINFORMATION AS REQUESTED ON THE FRONT AND BACKCOVERS OF THE SECTION II BOOKLET.

CHECK TO SEE THAT YOUR AP NUMBER LABEL APPEARS INTHE BOX(ES) ON THE COVER(S).

MAKE SURE YOU HAVE USED THE SAME SET OF APNUMBER LABELS ON ALL AP EXAMS YOU HAVE TAKENTHIS YEAR.

Multiple-Choice Answer Key

The following contains the answers to the multiple-choice questions in this exam.

Question Key Aligned Learning Objective Secondary Objective Aligns with Course 1 D 3.A.2.1 (1.1) P1

10 B 3.A.1.1 (1.5, 2.1, 2.2) P1 13 E 4.E.5.2 (6.1, 6.4) P2 14 D 2.C.1.1 (6.4, 7.2) P2 18 A 6.D.3.2 (6.4) P1 20 E 6.E.5.1 (1.4, 2.2) P2 21 E 4.E.5.2 (6.1, 6.4) P2 26 E 3.B.1.3 (1.5,2.2) P1 33 D 3.A.1.1 (1.5, 2.1, 2.2) P1 34 C 5.D.2.6 (6.4, 7.2)

5.D.2.1 (6.4, 7.2) P2

P1 37 A 5.B.7.3 (1.1, 1.4) P2 38 B 5.B.7.3 (1.1, 1.4) P2 40 D 5.B.4.2 (1.4, 2.1, 2.2) P1 41 C 3.C.1.2 (2.2) 3.A.1.1 (1.5, 2.1, 2.2) P1 46 A 5.B.3.2 (1.4, 2.2) 4.C.2.2 (1.4,2.2, 7.2) P1 47 E 3.A.1.1 (1.5, 2.1, 2.2) P1 48 B 3.B.3.3 (2.2, 5.1) P1 59 B 1.B.1.2 (6.4, 7.2) P2 60 D 5.B.6.1 (1.2) P2 62 E 5.B.7.1 (6.4, 7.2) P2 65 C 6.C.4.1 (6.4, 7.2) 6.E.1.1 (6.4, 7.2) P2 70 E 6.G.1.1 (6.4, 7.1) P2

Answer Key for AP Physics B Practice Exam, Section I

Free-Response Scoring Guidelines

The following contains the scoring guidelines for the free-response questions in this exam.

© 2014 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org.

Question 3

AP® PHYSICS B 2014 SCORING GUIDELINES

15 points total Distribution of points

(a) 5 points

Trial Radial

Positionr (m)

Period T (s)

Acceleration

( )2m sca

Spring Force

springF (N)

1 0.300 0.440 61.2 3.06

2 0.270 0.475 47.2 2.45

3 0.240 0.530 33.7 1.84

4 0.210 0.570 25.5 1.22

5 0.180 0.795 11.2 0.61

For using a correct expression for the centripetal acceleration 1 point 2

ca ru=

For substituting an expression for speed in terms of period 1 point

( )( )( )

222

2 2

24 0.240 m4

0.530 sc

rT ra r T

ppp= = =

( )For a correct answer for the centripetal acceleration 1 point

233.7 m sca = For using a correct expression for the magnitude of the spring force 1 point

springF kx= For substituting the correct distance for the stretch of the spring 1 point

( )( )spring 20.4 N m 0.240 m 0.15 mF = -Correct answer

spring 1.84 NF =Note: Student earns 1 point per correct answer if found by linear interpolation and work

is shown Note: Student earns 1 point (total out of 5) if both correct answers are apparently found

by linear interpolation but no work is shown

Alternate Solution Alternate Points For using Hooke’s Law to calculate the magnitude of the spring force 1 point

springF kx= Correct substitution for spring extension

( )( )spring 20.4 N m 0.240 m 0.15 mF = -Correct answer

spring 1.84 NF = 1 point


Question 3 (continued)

Distribution of points

For using the data to calculate the mass of the spheres 1 point

spring2

(0.61 N) 0.054 kg(11.2 m/s )c

Fm a= = =

spring cF ma=

Note: Student can use data from any row in the table to calculate m. Substituting for force and mass

1 point

( )spring (1.84 N)

0.054 kgcF

a m= =

For a correct answer for the centripetal acceleration 1 point 233.7 m sca =

(b) 4 points

For properly labeling both axes with variables and units 1 point For using and labeling a proper scale on both axes, to use approximately half the grid 1 point For correctly plotting the data points 1 point For drawing a straight line that best represents the data 1 point



Question 3 (continued) Distribution

of points

(c) i. 2 points

For calculating the slope using points on the straight line in part (b) 1 point ( )

( )23.0 N 0

slope58.0 m s 0

-=

-

For a correct answer with correct units 1 point slope 0.052 kg= Note: if axes are reversed on graph, student can still earn full credit for a correct

calculation of the slope, with correct units

ii. 1 point

For indicating the slope is the mass of each sphere Note: if axes are reversed on graph, student should indicate that the slope is the

reciprocal of the mass of each sphere

1 point

(d) i. 2 points

For a procedure that could be used to verify the value found in part (c) 1 point For indicating the measurements that must be made 1 point

• Equilibrium Example: Let the sphere hang in equilibrium. Measure how far thespring has stretched from its unstretched length.

• Oscillation Example: You can pull down and release the sphere so that itoscillates and measure the period of oscillation.

ii. 1 point

For a correct indication of how the measurements can be used to confirm the value from part (c)

1 point

• Equilibrium Example: Once you know the stretch of the spring and you alreadyknow the spring constant, you can set the gravitational force equal to the springforce ( )springF mg kx= = and solve for the mass of the sphere.

• Oscillation Example: With the period of oscillation and the spring constantknown, you could use the period of a spring equation ( )2sT k mp= to determine the mass of the sphere.


Question 3 aligns with Course P1

Part Primary Objective Secondary Objective 3a 3.A.1.1 (1.5, 2.1, 2.2) 3b 3.A.1.3 (5.1) 3c 3.A.1.3 (5.1) 3di 1.C.1.1 (4.2) 3.B.3.2 (4.2) 3dii 3.B.3.3 (1.4)



AP Physics B

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AP Physics B Practice Exam - · PDF fileThis document is not a complete practice exam. Rather, it is a compilation ... This Practice Exam is provided by the College Board for AP Exam

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