AP EURO - Introduction Ms. Callejas
Jan 15, 2016
AP EURO - IntroductionMs. Callejas
1. Northern Europe 2. Western Europe 3. Eastern Europe 3,800 square miles
1. “Classical Period” - Ancient Greece/Rome
2. “Middle Ages/Medieval Period”- (Early : 476-1000, High : 1000-1300, Late : 1300- 1450)
3. “Early Modern Period” – 1450 to mid 1700’s
4. “Modern Period”- Mid 1700’s to Present
Inquiry: A close examination of something in order to search for information or truth.
Historical Sources: Are used as EVIDENCE by Historians.
1. Primary Source:
A document/Artifact that originates from the past.
Ex: letter, diary, drawing, Painting, clothing, document, map, photograph…
2. Secondary Source:
A document/Artifact that has been written (or made ) recently about the past.
Ex: textbook, scholarly article, biography, current book.
13th century = 1200’s 14th century= 1300’s 15th century = 1400’s 16th century = 1500’s 17th century = 1600’s 18th century = 1700’s 19th century = 1800’s 20th century – 1900’s 21st century = 2000’s
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Chapter 9
1. Improvement in climate
2. New Agricultural Methods : wheeled plow
3. Growth in Population
4. Growth in Trade 5. Growth of Cities
1st European University:
* Bologna, ItalyEst. 11th century !
*University of Paris, 1200
*University of Oxford (England), 1208
1. Trivium : Grammar, rhetoric, logic
2. Quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy & music
Degrees awarded after
4-6 years of study Artium Baccalaureus
(Bachelor of Arts) Artium Magister
(Master of Arts) Doctor’s Degree-Law,
Medicine, Theology. Required 10 additional years of study!
Lectures in Latin
Instructional Method:
An attempt to reconcile faith (Theology) and reason (Greek Philosophy of Aristotle)
St. Thomas Aquinas
Social, Political, & Ecclesiastical Breakdown
Brutal , Longer Winters 1303, 1306-1307
Excessive Rain & Floods 1314
3 Years of Crop Failures 1315- 1317
End result : The Great Famine
The Plague Culprits: Rats &
Fleas carried bacterium
Yesrinia Pestis Symptoms: high
fever, aching joints, swelling of lymph nodes, dark blotches
Entered through Constantinople (Turkey) 1346
Spread rapidly Followed Trade
routes The dance
maccabre
European population declined between 25% to 50%
Between 1347-1351 How did this
inexplicable event affect the mentality of people?
Doctor’s Robe
New attitudes towards Life & Death emerged
Altered ideas towards religion
2 Perspectives: 1.New Pietism
Emerged 2. Loss of Respect
for the Church
The Flagellants (Germany)
Saw Black Death as punishment from God
Flogged themselves to win forgiveness of God
Catholic Church alarmed
Jews accused of Causing Plague
By “poisoning wells”
Jews Persecuted In Germany 60
Jewish Communities persecuted by 1351
Wrote The Decameron
Premise of Novel : Nobles “hide” in country home to escape plague
And Tell stories to pass time
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ
A Series of wars between England and France
What were the causes of the Hundred Year’s War?
* French King Charles IV died without a male heir
English King Edward III
Claimed French Throne as his
Why? His Grandfather was a French King!
French Barons were insulted and
Chose Phillip VI of Valois as King
(1st cousin of the dead French King Charles IV)
French land controlled by English King!
Flanders wanted independence from France
Asked England for help…
And acknowledged English King Edward III as King of France 1340 !!!
France not a unified country before war began
French King controlled only ½ the country
A Series of short raids
Few Major battles Marked by Times
of truce & Ineffective treaties
Much larger population
Army of 50,000 men vs. British army of 32,000
Weapons & Technology:
The Long Bow ( six arrows per minute!)
Successful strategies:
1. Capture the enemy knights & hold them for ransom !
2. Raids: steal & destroy
English won greatest victory
Used Cannons & Longbows
They Captured the greatest ransom…of all
John II “the Good” claimed throne in 1350
was Captured by the English!
France now “ruled” by Estates General
Representative Council of Townspeople & nobles
France agreed to pay ransom- 3 million gold crowns for King John II’s Release
King Edward of England renounced claim to French throne, but kept territories
Re-started the war
invaded a weakened France
With help from Dukes of Normandy,
Gained control of Normandy, Paris, & Northern France
Legitimate French heir disinherited !
King Henry V of England proclaimed successor to French Throne !
Henry V and Real French Heir Charles VI died 1422
But Charles VI had a SON…
Son of Charles VI Rightful French
heir to the throne Was desperate to
win/end war
Presented herself to King Charles VII in 1429
The King of Heaven called her to deliver the besieged Orleans from the English.
Became an inspiration to all
Unified hopes of the French
Brought sense of national identity & self confidence
Led French army to victory at Orleans , 1429
Fell into English hands
Her “unnatural dress” & claim to divine guidance was used against her
Suffered 10 weeks of interrogation
Condemned & burned as a heretic
She was 19 1456 declared
innocent 1920 declared
Roman Catholic Saint
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQydMhY9OpI
1. France gained national identity and a “National” hero, Joan of Arc
2. France became unified “nation” 3. England lost territories in France by
1450 4. War ended 1453