2005-2006 1 AP Biology 2005-2006 AP Biology Plant Growth Chapter 35. 2005-2006 AP Biology Indeterminate growth Unlike animals most plants grow throughout their life annuals life cycle within 1 year germination → flowering → seed production perennials live many years does not die of old age, only disease or trauma 2005-2006 AP Biology Meristem Regions of growth perpetually embryonic tissue regenerate new cells apical shoot meristem growth in length primary growth apical root meristem growth in length primary growth lateral meristem growth in girth secondary growth 2005-2006 AP Biology Apical meristems shoot root 2005-2006 AP Biology Root structure & growth 2005-2006 AP Biology Shoot growth Apical bud & primary growth of shoot region of stem growth axillary buds “waiting in the wings”
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2005-20061
AP Biology
2005-2006AP Biology
Plant Growth
Chapter 35.
2005-2006AP Biology
Indeterminate growth
� Unlike animals most plants grow throughout their life
� annuals
� life cycle within 1 year
� germination →→→→ flowering →→→→ seed production
� perennials
� live many years
� does not die of old age, only disease or trauma
2005-2006AP Biology
Meristem
� Regions of growth
� perpetually embryonic tissue
� regenerate new cells
� apical shoot meristem
� growth in length
� primary growth
� apical root meristem
� growth in length
� primary growth
� lateral meristem
� growth in girth
� secondary growth2005-2006AP Biology
Apical meristems
shoot root
2005-2006AP Biology
Root structure & growth
2005-2006AP Biology
Shoot growth
� Apical bud & primary
growth of shoot
� region of stem growth
� axillary buds “waiting in
the wings”
2005-20062
AP Biology
2005-2006AP Biology
Shoot growth
� Since woody plants grow from year to year, they evolved a different growth
system than herbaceous plants which die back each year
woody herbaceous2005-2006AP Biology
� Woody plants grow in heightfrom tip
� primary growth
� apical meristem
� Woody plants grow in diameter from sides
� secondary growth
� vascular cambium� vascular meristem
layer
Growth in woody plants
2005-2006AP Biology
Growth in woody plants
� Primary growth
� tips of roots & shoots (apical meristem)
� restricted to youngest parts of plant
rootshoot
2005-2006AP Biology
Growth in woody plants
� Secondary growth
� thickens & strengthens older part of tree
� cork cambium makes bark
� growing ring around tree
� vascular cambium makes xylem & phloem
� growing ring around tree
2005-2006AP Biology
Woody stem
corkcambium
vascularcambium
xylemearly
late
phloem
bark
� Phloem produced to the outside
� Xylem produced to the inside
Why are early & late growth
different?
2005-2006AP Biology
Woody stem cork cambium
vascular cambium
xylem
early
late
phloem bark
How old is this tree?
2005-20063
AP Biology
2005-2006AP Biology
Tree trunk anatomy
tree girdling
What does girdling
do to a tree?
Aaaargh!Murderer!Arborcide!
2005-2006AP Biology
Where will the carving be in 50 years?
2005-2006AP Biology
Global effects of plant growth
What trends do you observe in global CO2? 2005-2006AP Biology