God, Gold, & God, Gold, & Glory Glory The Age of European Exploration & Expansion
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God, Gold, & God, Gold, & GloryGlory
The Age of European Exploration & Expansion
Bell Ringer“They are ungrateful, changeable, simulators and dissimulators, runaways in danger, eager for gain; while you do well by them they are all yours; they offer you their blood, their property, their lives, their children when need is far off; but when it comes near you, they turn about.”
This political assessment above of Renaissance citizens can be found in
A. Castiglione’s The CourtierB. Shakespeare’s Julius CaesarC. More’s UtopiaD. Machiavelli’s The PrinceE. Cellini’s Autobiography
MotivesThe 3 G’s
Godreligious fervor convert natives
Goldexpand trade - esp. spices & precious
metalsprofit
Gloryadventurepowernational pride
Means
Mid-1400sEuropean monarchs had MORE:
PowerResourcesAdvanced technology
Portugal
Early leaderSailed eastward
--> India (spice trade)
Vasco da Gama
Cape of Good HopeSecured control of
spice tradeTook from Muslims
HUGE $$$
Prince Henry the Navigator
Instrumental Patronage led to
major technological advances
Spain
Sailed westward
Seeking route --> Asia
SpainPortugal
Christopher Columbus
Earth not so big
Queen Isabella (Spain)
4 voyages - all end up in the Caribbean
Ferdinand Magellan
1519 - 1st to circumnavigate the globe (sort of)
Spain in the Americas
Conquistadors - the Spanish conquerors of the Americas
“Gifts” from SpainSlaveryDiseaseDeath
Encomienda System
Aztec & Inca civilizations destroyed
Spanish controlSubjects of Queen
Encomienda - the right of landowners to use Native Americans as laborers
Protection - required but not followed
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the AmericasEurope --> Americas
Horses, cattle, & wheatAmericas --> Europe
Potatoes, cocoa, corn, tomatoes, & tobacco
Transformed economic activity
European Rivals
DutchFrenchBritish
The Main Idea…
How did the presence of the Europeans in the “New World” impact the indigenous populations in a positive way? In a negative way?
The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the trade of African people supplied to the colonies of the “New World" that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Locate: Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa & the Americas
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Began in the 1500s
What purpose did the trans-Atlantic slave trade serve?
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Purpose:To fill the need for labor in Spain’s
American empire Eventually provided labor for British
and French colonies in the Americas
Triangular Trade
What is triangular trade?
Triangular Trade
Hint: It is not the trading of triangles… Hey! Sweet
triangle dude! Want to trade it
for a chicken leg?
Triangular Trade
Triangular trade is trade between three ports or regions.
Most famous: West Africa, the Americas, and Europe
The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage was the sea lane
west from Africa that carried abducted or recently purchased African slaves.
The Middle Passage
1 - 6 month journey (weather dependent)
Estimated 11+ million Africans
A 1 - 6 month cruise sounds good, right?
Middle Passage
Problems:OvercrowdingDiseaseBrutal, inhuman treatment
Many died due to poor conditionsDysenteryScurvyStarvationSmallpox
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