“Out to Pasture” · January 26 – Central KY Tobacco Growers Conference, Woodford County Extension Office, Versailles, KY February 15-18 – National Farm Machinery Show, KY

“Out to Pasture” Winter 2016

UPCOMING EVENTS

ACROSS THE AGENT’S DESK

We have finally gotten some much needed rain across the Bluegrass, but about the only relief it brings is for some farm

ponds and wildfires that are burning across the state. Fall seeded grasses may finally germinate if they already haven’t,

and may survive if we have a mild winter. However, for those that are still extremely small, extended

periods of cold temperatures may impact survival of these stands going into spring. Many have been

feeding hay since the beginning of October, and will likely continue to do so until the spring. In between

hay feeding, be sure to check out some of the many meetings coming up. There are many great

opportunities ahead to take advantage of.

GRAIN CROPS

Woodford County 184 Beasley Drive Versailles, KY 40383-8992 (859) 873-4601 Fax: (859) 873-8936 extension.ca.uky.edu

December 6 – Winter Beef Series, Woodford County Extension Office, Versailles, KY December 26 - January 2 – Woodford County Extension Service Closed January 18 – Intensive Soybean Management Workshop, University Plaza Holiday Inn, Bowling Green, KY January 19 – Kentucky Commodity Conference, University Plaza Holiday Inn, Bowling Green, KY January 19-20 – KY Cattlemen’s Association Annual Convention, Lexington Convention Center, Lexington, KY January 20 – Kentucky Tobacco Expo, Lexington Convention Center, Lexington, KY January 23 – Winter Beef Series, Woodford County Extension Office, Versailles, KY January 26 – Central KY Tobacco Growers Conference, Woodford County Extension Office, Versailles, KY February 15-18 – National Farm Machinery Show, KY State Fair & Expo Center, Louisville, KY February 21 – KY Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference, Cave City Convention Center, Cave City, KY

The XtendiMax Label for Xtend Soybeans Source: Dr. Mark Loux & Bill Johnson; OSU Extension Weed Scientist

As everyone has probably heard by now, there is finally a federal label for the use of a dicamba product, XtendiMax, on dicamba-resistant (Xtend) soybeans, such as it may be. We cover some of the highlights from the label here, and some additional thoughts on what it all means.

- The XtendiMax is based on dicamba DGA (Clarity), and the formulation contains “Vapor Grip” (imagine a deep voice with reverb), which reduces the volatility of the dicamba spray mix. It’s a 2.9 lb/gallon liquid, so 22 oz provides 0.5 lb of dicamba, which is equivalent to 16 oz of Clarity and other 4 lb/gallon dicamba products.

- Minimum application rate for any use is 22 oz/A. The maximum rate per application prior to soybean emergence is 44 oz/A, which is also the total maximum allowed for all applications prior to soybean emergence. The maximum rate per application after soybean emergence is 22 oz/A, and the total of all POST applications cannot exceed 44 oz/A. The total applied per year for all applications cannot exceed 88 oz.

- POST applications can be made from emergence up to and including the R1 stage of soybean growth. Weeds should be less than 4 inches tall at time of POST application. The label states that Monsanto will not warrant

product performance when applied to weeds greater than 4 inches tall (how this will work for giant ragweed we have no idea, since it comes out of the ground more than 4 inches tall).

- XtendiMax cannot be tank-mixed with any adjuvants, drift reducing agents, or other herbicides except as eventually approved by Monsanto testing and listed at this website – www.xtendimaxapplicationrequirements.com. Note – the website isn’t live yet

- Use of ammonium sulfate, UAN, etc. is not allowed due to their potential to increase the volatility of dicamba. We assume that there will be approved AMS replacement products listed on the website eventually, to mitigate hard water issues.

GRAIN CROPS CONTINUED...

- Application parameters: the only nozzle allowed at this time is the TeeJet TTI11004, used at a maximum pressure of 63 psi; minimum spray volume of 10 gpa; maximum ground speed of 15 mph; spray boom should be no more than 24 inches above target; and no aerial application.

- Do not apply if rain is forecast within the next 24 hours following application. Do not apply during temperature inversions.

- Wind speed and application: <3 mph – do not apply; 3 to 10 mph – optimum application conditions provided all other application requirements on label are met; >10 to 15 mph – do not apply when wind is blowing toward non-target sensitive crops; >15 mph – do not apply.

- When “sensitive areas” are downwind from the site of application, a buffer between the last treated soybean row and the sensitive area must be maintained as follows: 22 oz – 110 feet; 44 oz – 220 feet. The following areas can be considered part of the buffer: road, paved, or gravel surfaces; agricultural fields that have been planted to corn, Xtend soybeans, sorghum, proso millet, small grains or sugarcane fields that have been prepared for planting but not yet planted; areas covered by footprint of building or other man made structure with walls and/or a roof.

- With regard to “non-target susceptible crops: do not apply where off-target movement can occur to food, forage, etc. plantings and cause damage or render the crops unfit for sale, use or consumption; applicators are required to ensure that they are aware of proximity to non-target susceptible crops, including consulting registries that list commercial specialty or certified organic crops that may be near the application site.

- Do not apply when wind is blowing toward “adjacent commercially grown dicamba sensitive crops”, including but not limited to, commercially grown tomatoes and other fruiting vegetables, cucurbits, and grapes.

- There is a whole section on herbicide resistance, which emphasizes the need for “diversified weed control strategies to minimize selection for weed populations resistant to ….herbicides….”. Some desirable resistance management practices are listed along with the need to scout for non-performance after application and report any such instances to Monsanto.

Realizing that it all had to start somewhere, if your

reaction to this first label is something along the lines of –

“How the heck do we even use the product based on

this?”, you are not alone. Some university weed scientists

are having the same thoughts. As we head into the 2017

growing season not knowing what XtendiMax can be

mixed with, it obviously becomes difficult to develop a

weed management plan that includes it.

It’s almost impossible to come up with a cost-effective system that includes a lone application of dicamba somewhere within the multiple applications of multiple herbicide sites of action that required for control of the five major resistant weeds in the Midwest – Palmer amaranth, waterhemp, marestail, and common and giant ragweed. And we would almost never recommend and application of dicamba alone due to the selection for dicamba resistance that can occur. We assume some of this should be clarified by the growing season, so if we can all just adapt on the fly….. It is going to be imperative that everyone involved completely understands without confusion the application guidelines with regard to not injuring nearby sensitive crops, ornamentals, etc. The label places responsibility for this directly onto the person making the application, so applicators will need to figure out what type of system and alternative plans to have in place to keep up with their typically hectic application schedule and still meet label guidelines based on current weather and proximity to sensitive crops. As may have been evident from the bullets above, there is confusing wording on the label with regard to the whole issue of non-target crops. On one page alone, there appears to be interchangeable use of “non-target sensitive” and “non-target susceptible” and “desirable sensitive crops”, and then also there is use of the term “sensitive areas” as a heading for the buffer information. And then also on the following page some information relative to the crops that are designated as overall more sensitive to dicamba than the “average susceptible crop” – tomatoes, cucurbits, and grapes. Our questions to Monsanto about this have been met with “well we are still working with EPA to figure this out”. Sometime soon would be good. Just a suggestion – consider adding some definitions of these different terms somewhere in there in addition to being consistent in their use. We will continue to provide updates and some strategies for dicamba use in Xtend soybeans as this situation evolves.

2016 Grain is in the Bin – What Should I Watch For? Source: Bruce Clevenger & Curtis Young; OSU Ag Extension Educators

There are many reasons why on-farm grain storage is used by producers. It may be part of the marketing strategy, feed storage for farm use, and/or income and tax management to complete grain sales before and/or after the new calendar year. Regardless of the reason, an essential requirement is to maintain quality grain during the storage period to preserve the grain for end usage and economic value. 2016 presented some grain quality challenges, especially for corn so it will be important to

manage the grain during the next several months.

GRAIN CROPS CONTINUED...

Two factors to consider related directly to the stored grain condition are the grain moisture content and the grain mass temperature. The general idea is the longer the grain is stored, the lower the grain moisture content. If corn was moldy at harvest, it should be dried to 13% regardless of the length of storage. Without mold, corn should be dried down to maximum of 15% moisture content if stored from harvest to January 1, 14% if stored from harvest to early Spring (say April 1), and 13% if stored past April 1 and carried into the warmer spring and summer months. Soybeans are similar at 13%, 12%, and 11%, respectively. Grain mass temperature is also important. Fortunately, farmers can effectively take advantage of fall and winter temperatures by chilling the grain to 32 to 35 degrees Fahrenheit from harvest by mid-December. After the bin is loaded, the center core of grain should be pulled from the bin. Fine material will naturally load near the center of the round bin and negatively impact the aeration efficiency. When the bin is loaded, the grain mass is typically pointed up like a cone, after the core is pulled (unloaded) the cone is flattened or inverted as a depression. After coring the bin, the grain mass should be leveled flat for a most efficient aeration. If the core grain is found to be containing fine and foreign material, it should be cleaned and stored or sold off farm with a potential discounted value. The aeration system on bins will either move air from the top and exhaust out the bottom or move air from the bottom and exhaust air out the top. Whichever direction, the cooling front needs to move completely through and out the grain mass. Monitor the exhaust end for the final desired moisture and temperature. Consider sealing off fans when they are off to prevent migration of moisture and temperature into the cool, dry grain. Bin conditions should be monitored bi-weekly until the temperature reaches 32 to 35 degrees and then monthly through the winter months. Record the grain moisture and temperatures at multiple locations at the top of the grain mass. Just know that the center and north vs. south sides of the grain bin may have different grain moisture and temperatures and they are worth monitoring and recording them separately. Be aware of smells when entering the bin. Look for condensation or mold on the bin walls and roof. Grain that is going out of condition will often have a moldy smell while moisture and mold is a sign that conditions are not favorable for grain storage.

The grain handling facility should be clean before and after the grain is loaded. The bin, equipment and storage area should be free of grain spills, weeds and excessive vegetation. Starting with cleaned grain, stored into a clean bin will prevent problems. Questionable grain due to high levels of broken grain, fines, foreign material, or mold should be stored separately or moved out the quickest compared to other higher quality grain. Insects can be monitored early and throughout the storage period. For insect activity in the grain mass, a passive, pitfall trap can be used. One particular pitfall trap is the Storgard WB Probe II by Trece. It’s approximately 18 inches long with a diameter of 1.25 inches. The pitfall trap is inserted into the grain mass with the tapered end first until the top of the trap is even with the grain surface. Multiple traps are used simultaneously with one in the center and 2 to 4 traps around the outside of the bin walls no closer than 24 inches from the bin wall. The traps remain in the grain for 3 days and then removed. The tapered end of the trap spins off to reveal where fallen insects are collected. The insects can be properly identified to determine if they are primary or secondary insect pest for stored grain. Primary insects can do direct damage to whole grain such as weevils or Lesser Grain Borer, while secondary insects feed on mold, cracked and damage grain such as Foreign Grain Beetle, Red and Confused Flour Beetles. A grain bin of whole undamaged kernels stored at the proper temperature and moisture is the key to preventing the secondary feeders. While grain bin management is important, safety in and around grain bins is an absolute. Climbing and entering a grain bin can be extremely dangerous due to falls or grain entrapment. Every entry to a grain bin needs to be pre-planned to identify hazards. Proper safety equipment is essential for all involved. Entry should never be made without a plan that involves informing a fellow farm employee or family member. Safe entry will ensure a safe exit.

BEEF CATTLE

Kentucky Beef Cattle Market Update Source: Dr. Kenny Burdine; UK Livestock Marketing Specialist

While the word recovery is not appropriate, there are a few encouraging signs in the cattle market. Feeder cattle futures have gained around $10 per cwt from their mid-October lows. Kentucky calf markets, which usually make their lows around this time of year, have gained ground similarly over the last few weeks. Just the fact that the downtrend has been broken provides some room for optimism.

I have been saying that I thought the cowherd would be larger when the numbers came out in early 2017. I still expect this to be the case, but would also point to some signs that things are changing quickly. Most notably, I would point to increases in both beef cow and heifer slaughter, especially in the second half of 2016. Both signs suggest herd expansion is slowing and I am including both charts this month for clarity.

As always, I want to dig a bit further into the details. When examining these trends compared to year-ago levels, it is crucial to understand that the cowherd grew by 3.5% last year, so simply comparing female slaughter this year to last year, on a percentage basis, is not sufficient to understand what is going on as last year was a year where large inventory increases were seen. Through October, beef cow slaughter was up almost 12.8% from 2015, which is an increase of 228 thousand head. Meanwhile, heifer slaughter was up 2.1%, which is an increase of 171 thousand head. To put this in perspective, USDA’s estimate for the increase in beef cow inventory during 2015 was a little over one million cows. So, while the increase in female slaughter is significant, I don’t think it is yet sufficient to suggest that beef cow inventory is likely to decline.

With the lower calf prices, I am getting a lot of questions about heifer development. And, in many cases, I can see where culling hard and holding back more heifers may make good sense. This would start positioning the cow-herd for larger inventory in 2-3 years. Some are also looking at the current bred heifer market similarly. I wanted to make everyone aware of a decision tool that Greg Halich, Samantha Kindred, and myself put together last fall that helps to examine the profitability of breeding stock given the price of bred heifers, their expected productivity, estimated cost of production, and reasonable estimates for long-term calf prices. That excel based decision tool, the Bred Heifer Profitability Estimator, can be found at this link: http://www.uky.edu/Ag/AgEcon/halich_greg_beef.php

Source: USDA-AMS & USDA-NASS, Livestock Marketing Information Center Source: USDA-AMS & USDA-NASS, Livestock Marketing Information Center

“Scours” Vaccine – Give it Now for Protection in the Spring Source: Dr. Michelle Arnold; UK Ruminant Veterinarian

A scours outbreak in baby calves on a cow/calf operation can be a nightmare in real life. Ask any producer who has been

through this ordeal and he/she will tell you it made them want to quit the cattle business. Once the outbreak begins, it

spreads quickly throughout all of the youngest calves. Bacteria, viruses and parasites can attack the lining of the calf's

intestine and cause diarrhea and dehydration. Without a healthy gut lining, essential nutrients are not absorbed from milk

which leads to weakness and weight loss. During a scours outbreak, each day begins with finding and treating the sick

calves, recognizing new cases that are just breaking, and sometimes having to find the remains of a calf scavenged by

coyotes or buzzards. Those calves that survive may perform poorly for the remainder of their lives when compared to

healthy calves.

BEEF CATTLE CONTINUED...

Scours vaccines are expensive yet very effective in preventing this scenario if combined with proper nutritional management of the cow during her pregnancy and a reasonable effort to keep cattle out of a filthy environment. Although there is not much one can do about rain, mud, and manure, the goal is to keep cow’s teats clean and dry to prevent the diarrhea-causing bugs from entering the calf’s mouth. Fortunately, the scours vaccine prepares the calf to deal with many of these bugs in the likely event they do make it inside the calf.

“Neonatal” calf diarrhea is defined as scours occurring within the first 3 weeks of a calf’s life. Rotavirus, coronavirus, bacteria (E. coli K99; Clostridium perfringens Type C, Salmonella spp.) and the parasite Cryptosporidia are the most common causes of neonatal calf diarrhea. Controlling rotavirus, coronavirus, Clostridium perfringens, and E. coli K99 with vaccines can significantly reduce sickness and death loss due to calf scours. Most beef cows in good body condition produce high quality colostrum but sometimes it does not contain the “correct” antibodies to fight the specific bugs that cause diarrhea. Scours vaccines are formulated to be given to pregnant cows and heifers late in gestation so they will make the correct antibodies as colostrum is being formed.

Table 1: Administration of the various scours vaccines based on calving season beginning March 1st

The 3 most popular vaccines available are ScourBos®9 and 4 (Elanco), ScourGuard®4KC (Zoetis) and Guardian® (Merck). As shown in Table 1, a first or primary dose followed by a booster dose is required the first year any scours vaccine is used (“Year One”). After the first year, just one revaccination is required (“Year Two and Beyond”) every year throughout the cow’s life. Which product you

choose often depends on when you plan to work your cattle; generally, Scour Bos® is administered earlier during pregnancy, ScourGuard® is used very late in gestation and Guardian® is in-between these two options. Obviously not all calves will be born the first week of calving season but plan to give the scours vaccine based on when the first calves of the season are expected. If you have a long calving season (greater than 90 days), consider vaccinating the later calving cows closer to their due date. It takes some planning to vaccinate correctly; timing is critically important with the different products. Using Table 1, the timing of the different vaccines would be as follows for a March 1st calving season: 1) Heifers (or cows receiving their first dose of Scours Vaccine) If using:

Scour Bos®9 –Administer first dose between mid-November and first of January. Booster dose-Administer Scour Bos® 4 around the first of February

Guardian®- Administer the first dose around the first week of December and the second dose during the first half of January

ScourGuard® 4KC-Adminster first dose within the first half of January and give the second dose 3 weeks later, either towards the end of January or the first part of February.

2) Cows (Annual revaccination) If using:

Scour Bos®9 –Administer during the last part of December (Christmas) to first of January

Guardian®-Administer between end of December and mid-January

ScourGuard® 4KC-Administer between mid-January and first week of February

Range to Administer Primary Dose

Range to administer Booster Dose

Range to administer Annual Revaccination

GENERAL

BEEF CATTLE CONTINUED...

If the cow herd is not vaccinated and calf scours develop, there are vaccines available to administer to newborn calves. These vaccines are given by mouth as quickly as possible after birth, preferably prior to nursing and definitely within the first 12 hours of life. These will provide some immediate protection in the gut but are not nearly as

effective as vaccinating the pregnant cows. None of the products for calves protects against all 4 major pathogens (E.coli K99, rotavirus, coronavirus and Clostridium perfringens Type C). Preventing calf scours involves more than jump starting the immune system of a newborn calf. Excellent cow nutrition

during and after gestation, an easy calving process, and environmental management factors all contribute to a successful start. On the flip side, an inadequate quantity and/or quality of colostrum, difficulty calving, poor sanitation, cold, wet weather and overcrowding in calving areas all contribute to a higher risk of disease. Once the calf has received colostrum from the dam, it is still important to prevent the “bad bugs” (pathogens) in the environment from overwhelming the calf’s immune system. Generally, calf scour pathogens build up in the environment as the calving season progresses.

Calving in the same area that older calves are in greatly increases the risk to the newborn calf, especially in wet or muddy conditions as we often see in the spring in KY. If possible, pregnant cows close to calving should be rotated onto clean pastures while cow-calf pairs remain on the old pasture. If calving in a barn or shed, the calving area should be kept as clean and dry as possible with frequent changes of bedding to remove the build-up of organisms. Make every effort to get the cow and newborn calf out of the barn quickly to lessen the chances of infection. Even the best calving management practices will have no effect if the first thing a calf ingests is manure from the calving area. Consult with your veterinarian on the best choice of vaccines for your operation. The UK Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory has an excellent test to diagnose the cause of calf diarrhea. A small sample of scours (in a leakproof container) from a calf that has not been treated for diarrhea with antibiotics is needed to run the test. This PCR assay tests for bovine coronavirus, rotavirus, E. coli K99, Salmonella and Cryptosporidium. The test is run on Tuesdays and Thursdays with results generally available within 2 days and costs $60 ($50 + $10 Accession Fee). Visit the website at http://vdl.uky.edu/TestInformation.aspx for more information or call (859) 257-8283.

Alert: it’s not death taxes that destroy family farms, it’s families. While they sound dangerous and everyone (especially politicians) hates them, inheritance taxes are really not a threat to most family farms. Since the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 set a permanent federal estate tax exemption of $5 million per spouse, the “death tax” has ceased to be a threat to 99% of American farm families. In fact, that exemption was indexed to inflation, and any unused portion can be transferred to a surviving spouse (that’s called “portability” in the tax code). So for 2016 the total exemption is $10.9 million. That protects almost all farm families. A 2015 ERS report indicated that 97.9% of farm operator estates would not even have to file an estate tax return, another 2.2% would need to file the return, but would owe no estate taxes. Only 0.8% would owe taxes. A cautionary note: for those in the 0.8% with large estates, the tax implications can be quite significant, and those owners should plan well ahead to shield their successors from a large tax bill that could damage, but not likely destroy the farm. The death tax issue has motivated many farm families to attend transition and succession planning workshops. That, along with the aging of principle farm operators are two major factors that have driven the interest succession planning.

The average age of farmers has increased by one year in each five-year ag census cycle since 1977 and stands at 58.3 in the 2012 census. While it’s true that the certainty of death and taxes are threats to family farms, simple observation suggests that families are a much bigger threat. When family businesses work, they’re beautiful;

when they don’t, they’re ugly. Every farm family has either experienced or knows someone who has experienced the death of a family business caused by family disputes. Families, not taxes, destroy family farms. So, if families are such a danger, what

can be done about them? It’s usually too late to pick your relatives so efforts must be made within the family to avert disaster. While many factors can contribute to turmoil, most of them boil down to a failure to communicate. Communication should start with the older generations. Succession planning is a difficult conversation for children to initiate without seeming intrusive or greedy. And, too often the older generation finds it a difficult conversation as well. “Don’t worry, I’ll take care of you” may be well intentioned but often means “don’t ask me about it again.” Open and frequent conversations ensure that everyone is on the same page…or at least making an effort to find the right page.

Families Are More Dangerous Than Death Taxes Source: Dr. Steve Isaacs; UK Farm Management Specialist

TRY THIS GREAT RECIPE

Farm Service Agency Extends Voting Deadline for County Committee Elections Producers Now Have Until Dec. 13 to Submit Ballots The deadline to submit ballots for the USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) 2016 County Committee Elections has been extended to ensure farmers and ranchers have sufficient time to vote. Eligible voters now have until December 13, 2016 to return ballots to their local FSA offices. Producers who have not received their ballot should pick one up at their local FSA office. FSA has modified the ballot, making it easily identifiable and less likely to be overlooked. Ballots returned by mail must be postmarked no later than December 13, 2016. Newly elected committee members will take office January 1, 2017. Nearly 7,700 FSA County Committee members serve FSA offices nationwide. Each committee has three to 11 elected members who serve three-year terms of office. One-third of County Committee seats are up for election each year. County Committee members apply their knowledge and judgment to help FSA make important decisions on its commodity support, conservation, indemnity, disaster and emergency programs. Questions? Please contact your local FSA office at 859-873-4601.

Meatball Soup

INGREDIENTS 6 cups water 1/3 cup brown rice 3 bouillon cubes (low-sodium chicken or beef flavored, or 1 tablespoon low-sodium bouillon powder) 1 tablespoon oregano (fresh, finely chopped) 8 ounces ground beef (lean, turkey or chicken) 1 tomato (finely chopped) 1/2 onion (peeled and finely chopped) 1 egg (large) 1/2 teaspoon salt 2 cups vegetable mix (chopped, fresh, carrots, celery, and broccoli) DIRECTIONS 1. In a large pot, combine water, rice, bouillon cubes, and oregano. Bring to a boil over high heat. Stir to dissolve bouillon. Reduce heat to low and simmer. 2. Meanwhile, in a large bowl, mix ground meat, tomato, onion, egg, and salt. Form into 12 large meatballs. 3. Add meatballs to broth mixture and simmer 30 minutes. 4. Add vegetables. Cook 10 to 15 minutes or until meatballs are cooked And rice and vegetables are tender. Serve hot. SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.WHATSCOOKING.FNS.USDA.GOV/RECIPES/SUPPLEMENTAL-NUTRITION-ASSISTANCE-PROGRAM-SNAP/MEATBALL-SOUP

Sincerely, Adam Probst, County Extension Agent for Agriculture and Natural Resources Email: [email protected]

You can view this newsletter on our county website. Visit us at: http://ces.ca.uky.edu/woodford

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Grain Moisture

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Calibrator

Grain Test Weight

Meter

Hay Probes

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Electrical Conductivity

(EC) Meter

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Please contact the Extension Office, 873-4601, for availability

WC CONSERVATION DISTRICT

Equipment Location

(4) No-till drills Southern States

(2) Tubeline bale wrappers Woodford Feed

Chain Harrow Woodford Feed

The Woodford County Conservation District has the following equipment for rent! Please contact the location of equipment for availability.

Free Soil Testing Free soil test vouchers are available at the Woodford

County Conservation Office to be redeemed when soil

samples are submitted through the Woodford County

Extension Service. Up to 20 free soil tests are available

per farm or homeowner. This program runs through June

30, 2017, or until the funds are depleted.

Disclaimer: When trade names are used, no discrimination is intended and no endorsement is implied by the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture Food and Environment. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears the complete responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions.