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“Lagring av Solenergi”
Kasper Moth-Poulsen, PhD, FoAss Chalmers University of
Technology, Sweden
Giacomo Ciamician “ The Photochemistry of the Future” Science
1912
“With the relatively small reserves of coal that the past
geological epoch have stored for us, it will never be desirable to
produce from coal what nature generously offers us through solar
energy.”
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Okonventionel Solenergilagring
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• We have limited resources, for a growing population
• The resources we have will run out during the next 50-100
years
• If we use the fossil fuels we have, we will see major climate,
health and ecological effects on earth
• We need to invest in renewable energy… • We need to develop
renewable energy
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https://www.mm.dk/guide-to-sustain
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Giacomo Ciamician “ The Photochemistry of the Future” Science
1912
“With the relatively small reserves of coal that the past
geological epoch have stored for us, it will never be desirable to
produce from coal what nature generously offers us through solar
energy.”
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Fornybar Energy mix Tyskland 1990-2011
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Vad är problemen?
V-164
I dagsläget installers 36 MW sol panel värje månad I Danmark.
1000 MW förväntas installerad i 2020 (5 gånge urspungligt mål)
Målet för hålbar energiproduktion är 35 percent renewable power
production (2020) and 100 percent (i 2050). I dagsläget blir 20% av
Danmarks el producerad från fornybar energikäl.
Vi behöver utvekla effektiva energi lagringsmetoder för att
kunna producera energi när vinden inte bläser eller solen inte
skinner
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Kemisk Solenergilagring
Biological Systems (photosynthesis)
Artificial Photosynthesis Water Splitting
Molecular Solar Thermal (MOST)
CO2 and H2O to C6H12O6
H2O to H2 and O2
CO2 and H2O to CH3OH
Molecule to Molecule*
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Molecular Solar Thermal • Solar Energy Storage • “closed cycle”
= 0 emission • Long Term Energy Storage (months-years) • Energy
Density Comparable to that of Batteries (but heat)
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MOST: basic concepts
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Moth-Poulsen, K., Ćoso, D., Börjesson, K., Vinokurov, N., Meier,
S., Majumdar, A., Vollhardt, K.P.C., Segalman, R. A., Energy
Environ. Sci. 5, 8534-8537, 2012.
Molecular Solar Thermal Device
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Solar Lamp (AM 1.5)
Liquid Collection
Outlet
Inlet
Syrringe pump
Microfluidic
Solar Collector Device
Moth-Poulsen, K., Ćoso, D., Börjesson, K., Vinokurov, N., Meier,
S., Majumdar, A., Vollhardt, K.P.C., Segalman, R. A., Energy
Environ. Sci. 5, 8534-8537, 2012.
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Irradiated area ≈ 6.51 cm2
Moth-Poulsen, K., Ćoso, D., Börjesson, K., Vinokurov, N., Meier,
S., Majumdar, A., Vollhardt, K.P.C., Segalman, R. A., Energy
Environ. Sci. 5, 8534-8537, 2012.
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1
Thermocouple
Catalyst
UHV chamber
Thermocouple
Run gram scale, Temperature rise limited by turn over number
(TON) of catalyst, ≈ 15-20
0 100 200 300
0.0
0.5
1.0
Tem
pera
tur r
ise /
K
Time / s
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Problem: Solar Spectrum Match
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Photon up-conversion Energy increase
In Out
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The benchmark system
Sensitizer (S): PdOEP (Palladium porphirin)
Annihilator (A): DPA (9,10-diphenylanthracene)
S + hν1 1S* 3S* TET
3A* A TTA
S + hν1 1S* 3S* TET
3A* A TTA
A + 1A* A + hν2
hν1 < hν2
2 hν1
1 hν2
TET = Triplet Energy Transfer TTA = Triplet-Triplet
Annihilation
Haefele, A., Blumhoff, J., Khnayzer, R. S. & Castellano, F.
N. Getting to the (Square) Root of the Problem: How to Make
Noncoherent Pumped Upconversion Linear. J. of Phys. Chem. Let. 3,
299–303 (2012).
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Photon up-conversion vi triple-triplet annihilation
Since the process is dependent on the population of triplets,
the typical thing to do is to hit it with a big fat LASER
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Pd Porphine
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TTA up-conversion device for solar fuel production
400 mm2 irradiated area
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Device Performance: 130% energy conversion improvement (for λ
>495 nm )
Börjesson, Dzebo, Albinsson, Moth-Poulsen „Photon Upconversion
Facilitated Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage” (submitted)
With up-conversion
Without up-conversion
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Summary of MOST work 2012
• Constructed first full-cycle demonstration device •
Constructed device that utilizes photon up-conversion
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Peter Vollhardt Rachel Segalman Dusan Coso Nikolai Vinokurov
Zongrui Hou Charles. B. Harris Justin Lomont
Post doc grant Danish Agency for Science, Technology and
Innovation Chalmers Materials, Nano and Energy Area of Advance
Swedish Research Council (VR)
Kasper Moth-Poulsen Karl Börjesson Anders Lennartsson Victor
Gray Bo Albinsson Damir Dzebo
Chalmers
MIT
Funding:
Arun Majumdar
Berkeley
Argonne
Jeff Grossman Yosuke Kanai (now Univ N. Carolina)
Lin X. Chen Son Nguyen Di-Jia Liu Michael Harpham
Per-Ola Norrby
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Victor Gray
Anders Lennartsson Karl Börjesson Yuri Diaz-Fernandez
Amaia Diaz de Zerio Tina Gschneidtner
Alireza Movahedi
Funding: Chalmers Materials, Energy and Nano AoA’s Swedish
Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet)
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Thank you!
“Lagring av Solenergi”Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number
4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Kemisk
SolenergilagringMolecular Solar ThermalSlide Number 11MOST: basic
conceptsSlide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number
16Problem: Solar Spectrum MatchPhoton up-conversionThe benchmark
systemPhoton up-conversion vi triple-triplet annihilationSlide
Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Summary of MOST work
2012Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27