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The Music Archive of Monash University (MAMU) and the
Museum of Indonesian Arts Inc. (MIA) present:
“Hang Tuah: Malay Culture will Never Die/Tak Melayu Hilang
Dibumi”
in the Music Auditorium and Foyer, Performing Arts Building,
Monash University, Clayton Campus from 14-30 January 2015
Catalogue
Curator: Bronia Kornhauser MA
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LIST OF CONTENTS
page INTRODUCTION
4
The Hang Tuah Legend
5
HOW TO READ THE CATALOGUE
6
(A) RIAU ISLANDS PROVINCE 7 • BOOKS • RARE BOOKS RELEVANT TO
MALAY CULTURE AND HISTORY OF KEPRI • EDITIONS REFERRING TO THE
MALAY HERO HANG TUAH • TRAVELOGUES TO THE RIAU ISLANDS in the 1800s
• ILLUMINATED MALAY MANUSCRIPTS • RARE MAPS • MULTIMEDIA • ITEMS OF
MALAY MUSIC, DANCE AND MUSICAL THEATRE OF KEPRI • A SELECTION OF
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS • FIELD PHOTOGRAPHS/POSTERS OF KEPRI’S
PERFORMING ARTS • HISTORIC MAPS • TEXTILES, MASKS, ARTEFACTS
7 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 18 25 26
(B) ACEH
30
(C) NORTH SUMATRA
31
(D) RIAU
36
(E) JAMBI
38
(F) WEST SUMATRA
41
(G) SOUTH SUMATRA
43
(H) BENGKULU
45
(I) LAMPUNG
46
(J) BELITUNG
48
(K) WEST KALIMANTAN
49
(L) EAST KALIMANTAN
52
(M) NORTH SULAWESI
54
(N) MALUKU
57
(O) THE MALAY WORLD/MALAYSIA GENERALLY
58
(P) T’BOLI, MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
62
(Q) SINGAPORE
63
A note about the Music Archive of Monash University and the
Museum of Indonesian Arts Inc.
64
Acknowledgements
64
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INTRODUCTION
This Exhibition accompanies the Second International Symposium
on the Musical Arts of Indonesia’s Malay World with Special
Reference to the Riau Islands. The Symposium and Exhibition are the
first two events in the 50th Anniversary Celebrations of the Sir
Zelman Cowen School of Music at Monash University in 2015.
The Exhibition displays select items of the performing and
ethnographic arts of the Malay World in Indonesia and a few
neighbouring areas. By the Malay World is meant areas where the
people communicate in a speech variety or dialect of Malay, which
spread through trade and other contact in various parts of
Southeast Asia over the centuries. The arts of the Malay World in
Malaysia have been widely exposed, but their equivalents in
Indonesia have not to our knowledge been the subject of an
Exhibition before now.
Items in this Exhibition come from various areas of the Malay
World, including the Riau Islands, large parts of Sumatra, the
islands off Sumatra’s west and east coasts – for example,
Bangka-Belitung, West Kalimantan, coastal Minahasa/North Sulawesi,
parts of northern Meluku, and other areas where Malay is spoken or
the local language contains Malay loan words, such as in Singapore
and Mindanao (southern Philippines). The Exhibition includes
musical instruments, poster-photographs of performances taken in
the field, masks, costumes, bridal couch decorations, textiles,
jewellery, utensils, rare books, historical maps, and a selection
of recent books.
The main focus of the Exhibition is on the performing arts of
the little known province of the Riau Islands, which separated from
mainland Riau as late as 2004. It is currently the subject of an
international Australian Research Council-funded research project1
of which this Exhibition and Symposium are part. The new province
is also known as Kepri, which stands for Kepulauan Riau (“Riau
Islands”). Kepri’s ca. 3,200 islands divide into five main island
groups: the northwest, southwest, the Anambas Archipelago in the
centre-north, the Natuna Archipelago in the northeast (south of
Vietnam), and the Tambelan Archipelago in the southeast (see the
map on display). Kepri has historical trade and cultural links with
China, India, the Perso-Arabic World, and many other areas of
Southeast Asia, and this Exhibition therefore includes some items
from the 20 former Malay palaces in West Kalimantan as well as a
few other Malay-speaking areas of Indonesia and neighbouring
areas.
Some items from the Riau Islands in the Exhibition are
associated with the famous Malay legend of the 15th century hero,
Hang Tuah. For example, see the 2013 field photographs of a silat
lima (martial art) performance at Kepri’s Kampung Bugis (on Bintan
Island), the rare books dealing with the Hang Tuah legend, and the
modern books containing references to Hang Tuah.
1 The Australia Research Council research team comprises
ethnomusicologists Margaret Kartomi (Monash University) and
Manolete Mora (University of New South Wales); anthropologists
Cynthia Chou (University of Copenhagen) and Geoffrey Benjamin
(Nanyang Technological University in Singapore); and Asian theatre
scholar Karen Kartomi Thomas (Monash University). Another
collaborator is anthropologist Vivienne Wee (Singapore). They held
their First International Symposium on the Malay Musical Arts of
Indonesia’s Riau Islands in Tanjungpinang, Kepri, in January 2013,
and some contributed papers at the First Festival of Malay
Civilisation in Tanjungpinang in September-October 2013.
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“Hang Tuah: Malay Culture will Never Die/
Tak Melayu Hilang Dibumi”
The title of the Exhibition refers to the legendary Malay hero
who was born in 15th century Melaka (on the Malay peninsula of
Malaysia is reputed to have conceived the memorable line Tak Melayu
Hilang Dibumi, “Malay culture will never die”2 .
Legend in Kepri has it that he settled as a child with his
parents near Riau on Bintan Island where he met his four
comrades-in-arms, Hang Jebat, Hang Lekir, Hang Lekiu and Hang
Kasturi. Together they carried out many amazing exploits in defence
of the Sultan of Melaka and his viceroy in Riau on Bintan. They are
widely regarded as the founding masters of the Malay art of self
defence: silat, which every Malay boy is expected to learn. Recent
research indicates that the many local forms of silat and their
ploys or movements in the Riau Islands are named after Hang Tuah’s
team, e.g. silat lima (“silat of the five [heroes]” in Kampung
Bugis, Bintan Island (Kartomi 2014).
An artist’s impression of Hang Tuah. Source:
Silat forms an important part in martial scenes of the mak yong,
mendu, and bangsawan theatre genres performed in the Riau Islands.
The movements and gestures of the traditional male Riau-Lingga
dance, tari inai, are also based on silat movements. (Margaret
Kartomi)
2 Professor Harry Aveling sought a written reference to this
saying and its attribution to Hang Tuah in the Malay literature,
but found none (personal communication, April 2014). However, the
saying is often quoted in public and private contexts in the Riau
Islands and other Malay areas, including Malaysia.
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The Structure of the Catalogue
The first part of the Catalogue lists objects from (i) the Riau
Islands, colour-coded Blue.
The Malay areas of the provinces of Sumatra follow – (ii) Aceh
(), (iii) North Sumatra (Grey), (iv) Riau (Black), (v) Jambi (Dark
blue), (vi) West Sumatra (), (vii) South Sumatra (Green), (viii)
Bengkulu () and (ix) west coastal Lampung (Pink).
Then (x) Belitung (Brown), (xi) West Kalimantan (Red), (xii)
East Kalimantan (), (xiii) North Sulawesi (Yellow), (xiv) Meluku
(), (xv) Singapore (), (xvi) T’boli/Mindanao/southern Philippines
(), and finally – more generally – (xvii) objects from Sumatra and
Malaysia ().
Key:
Colour/Symbol Region Blue Riau Islands Green South Sumatra
Yellow North Sulawesi Red West Kalimantan Dark blue Jambi Black
Riau Grey North Sumatra Pink West Coastal Lampung Brown Belitung
East Kalimantan T’Boli Mindanao West Sumatra West Coastal Bengkulu
Aceh Sumatra/Malaysia Maluku Singapore
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RIAU ISLANDS
BOOKS MALAY LITERATURE OF THE RIAU ISLANDS The beauty and
originality of Riau-Malay language is especially evident in its
poetic literature, including the pantun, syair and gurindam verse
forms, which are frequently sung. The traditional folklore, passed
down across the generations by storytellers, focuses on nature,
animals and people, and some stories and moral texts are written
down, for example, the Hikayat Hang Tuah and the Gurindam Duabelas
(“12 Gurindam Verses” by Raja Ali Haji in the mid-19th century).
X001-1
Oriental Trade Ceramics in South-East Asia: Ninth to Sixteenth
Centuries From the first millennium CE Chinese ships bought ceramic
and other art objects to the Riau Islands and other parts of South
East Asia. Chinese ceramics were recovered from shipwrecks and
deposited in a museum in Ranai, Natuna. Author: John S Guy, 1990.
Region: Riau Islands and Southeast Asia
X002-2 The Maritime Silk Route: 2000 Years of Trade on the South
China Sea Editor: Joseph S P Ting, 1996. Region: Natuna and
Southeast Asia
X003-3 Sumatra: Crossroads of Cultures Editors: Francine
Brinkgreve & Retno Sulistianingsih Region: Sumatra
X004-4 Program: An International Seminar on the Changing
Identity and Sustainability of the Music-Cultures and Worldviews of
the Riau Islands’ Sea Nomads and Sedentary Malays. Monash
University & the University of NSW, 2013. Region: Kepri/Riau
Islands
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X009-9 Kesenian Tradisional Masyarakat Kepulauan Riau (The
Traditional Arts of Riau Islands’ Societies) Authors: Evendra,
Evawarni. Published: Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Balal
Kajian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Tanjungpinang, 2006. Region:
Riau Islands
X010-10
Joget Dangkung: Eksistensi, Fungsi dan Upaya Pelestarian (Riau
Islands Traditional Dancing – Joget Dangkung) Author: Febby
Febriyandi. Published: Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai
Tradisional Tanjungpinang, 2011. Region: Riau Islands
X011-11
Raja Haji Fisabilillah, Perang Riau (1782-1784) (Riau Islands’
National Hero Raja Haji Fisabilillah, The Riau War 1782-1784)
Authors: Yussuwadinata et al. Published: Pemerintah Kota
Tanjungpinang Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Tanjungpinang,
2010. Region: Riau Islands
X012-12
Sejarah Persemendaan Melayu dan Bugis (The History of the Malays
and the Bugis) Author: Faisal Sofyan. Published: CV. Milaz Grafika,
2002. Region: The Malay World
X013-13
Mewujudkan Prasasti Bahasa Melayu Kepulauan Riau Sebagai Asal
Muasal Bahasa Indonesia (The Origins of the Ancient Language,
Bahasa Indonesia) Editor: Abdul Malik. Published: Komodo Books,
Dinas Kebudayaan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, 2013. Region: Riau
Islands
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X014-14 Sultan Mahmud Ri’ayat Syah (The Heroic Life of Sultan
Mahmud Ri’ayat Syah, [Sultan of Riau-Lingga-Johor-Pahang
1761-1812]) Authors: Haji Abdul Malik, et al. Published: Pemerintah
Kabupaten Lingga dan Pemerinta Privinsi Kepulauan Riau, 2012.
(Paperback) Region: Riau Islands
X015-15
Sultan Mahmud Ri’ayat Syah (The Heroic Life of Sultan Mahmud
Ri’ayat Syah, [Sultan of Riau-Lingga-Johor-Pahang 1761-1812])
Authors: Haji Abdul Malik, et al. Published: Pemerintah Kabupaten
Lingga dan Pemerinta Privinsi Kepulauan Riau, 2012. (Hardback)
Region: Riau Islands
X016-16
Nadi Hang Tuah (Pulse of Hang Tuah [a legendary Malay hero of
15th century Melaka and Bintan]) Author: Abdul Kadir Ibrahim.
Published: Akar Indonesia, 2010. Region: Riau Islands
X017-17
Ketika Kata Ketika Lensa (When Textiles Speak) Authors: Yoan S.
Nugraha, et al. Photographers: Wira Sattah, et al. Published: Dinas
Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Tanjungpinang, 2010. Region:
Northwest Riau Islands
X018-18
Perempuan Melayu yang Tak Pernah Layu (Malay Women, Authors of
Poetry, Novels, and Short Stories) Main Author: Suryatati A. Manan,
et al. Published: Yayasan Panggung Melayu 2013. Region: Riau
Islands
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X019-19 Santet Tujuh Pulau (Magical Seven Islands) Author: Abdul
Kadir Ibrahim. Published: Penerbit Komodo Books Indonesia, 2013.
Region: Riau Islands
X020-20
Dermaga Sastra Indonesia (Quay of Indonesian Literature)
Authors: Raji Ali Haji, Suryatati A. Manan, et al. Published:
Penerbit Komodo Books, Jakarta, 2010. Region: Riau Islands
X021-21
Mak Yong, Teater Tradisional, Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau (Mak
Yong, Traditional Theatre, Riau Islands) (Teater Rakyat brochure in
front sleeve) Author: Aswandy Syahri. Published: Badan Perencanaan
Pembangunan Daerah, 2005. Region: Northwest Riau Islands
X022-22
Raja Ali Haji, Riwayat Singkat Pahlawan Nasional (Short History
of a National Hero) Book on the life of national hero and poet of
the Gurindam Duabelas verses, and co-author of the Malay literary
work Tuhfat al-Nafis (“The Precious Gift”) penned in Penyengat
palace, Riau Islands, in ca. 1860s, it deals with royal Malay-Bugis
relations. Authors: Suryatati A. Manan, Abdul Kadir Ibrahim.
Published: Pemerintah Kota Tanjungpinang Dinas Kebudayaan dan
Pariwisata, 2007. Region: Northwest Riau Islands
X023-23
Tanjungpinang Punya Cerita: Bunga Rampai Puisi dan Cerpen
Berlatar Kota Tanjungpinang (Flowers of Poetry and Short Stories of
Tanjungpinang City) Author: Ahmadun Y. Herfanda. Published: Dinas
Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Tanjungpinang, 2010. Region:
Northwest Riau Islands
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X024-24 Perempuan Sampan (Woman of the Boat) Author: Abdul Kadir
Ibrahim. Published: Akar Indonesia, 2013. Region: Riau Islands
X025-25
Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Adat Orang Laut di Kepulauan Riau (The
Wisdom of the Orang Laut/Sea People) Authors: Evawarni, Sindu
Galba. Published: Departemen Kebudayaan Pariwisata Balai Kajian
Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Tanjungpinang Tahun, 2005. Region:
Riau Islands
X026-26
Pengkajian dan Pendataan Objek Sejarah Kesultanan Lingga (The
Historical Objects of the Former Riau-Lingga Sultanate) Authors:
Zulfiki Harto et al. Published: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata
Kabupaten Lingga, 2012. Region: Riau-Lingga, Riau Islands
X027-27
Cogan (Royal Betel-Nut Shaped Symbol of the Sultanate of
Riau-Lingga and now Riau-Islands Province) Authors: Aswandy Syahri,
Raja Murad. Published: Dinas Pariwisata, Seni dan Budaya, 2006.
Region: Riau-Lingga, Riau Islands.
X028-28
Tata Cara Adat Perkawinan Melayu Di Daik Lingga (Marriage Arts
and Rituals in Daik-Lingga) Authors: Muhammad Ishak Thaib et al.
Published: Unri Press, 2009. Region: Southwest Riau Islands
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X029-29 Sejarah Kerajaan Lingga: Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga (The
History of the Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga Sultanate) Author: M. Amin
Yacob. Published: Unri Press, 2004. Region: Southwest Riau
Islands
X030-30
Lanun Segara Sakti Rantau Bertuah (Pirates of the Sacred Ocean –
An Historical Novel About the Straits of Malacca, a Selection of
Riau Islands’ Poetry, Short Stories and Novels) Author: Faisal
Sofyan. Published: CV. Milaz Grafika, 2012. Region: Western Riau
Islands
X033-33
Ungkapan Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu Bunguran-Natuna
(Traditional Sayings in Bunguran Island, Natuna) Authors: Sindu
Galba, Abdul Kadir Ibrahim. Published: Balai Kajian Sejarah dan
Nilai Tradisional Tanjungpinang Bekerjasama dengan Pemerintah
Kabupaten Natuna, 2000.
Region: Northeast Riau Islands X034-34
Kebudayaan dan Cagar Budaya Kabupaten Natuna (Culture of the
Natuna District) Author: H. Syamsul Hilal et al. Published: Dinas
Pemuda, Olahraga, Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Natuna, 2010.
Region: Northeast Riau Islands
X035-35
Sejarah Terbentuknya Kabupaten Natuna (The History of the Natuna
District) Author: Nuraini. Published: Departemen Kebudayaan dan
Pariwisata Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional
Tanjungpinang, 2008. Region: Northeast Riau Islands
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X222-223 Upacara Tradisional pada Masyarakat Tionghoa di
Tanjungpinang (Traditional Ceremonies of the Chinese Community in
Tanjungpinang [Riau Islands]) Authors: Dwi Satiati, Suarman.
Editor: Zulkifli Harto. Published: Departemen Kebudayaan dan
Pariwisata Balai Kajian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional
Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, 2006. Region: Riau Islands
X223-224
Mantra Cinta (A Love Mantra) Author: Abdul Kadir Ibrahim.
Published: Tanjungpinang: Akar Indonesia, 2013. Region: Riau
Islands
X224-225
Menguak Negeri Airmata, Nadi Hang Tuah (Manguak, Kingdom of
Tears: Hang Tuah) Author: Abdul Kadir Ibrahim. Published:
Tanjungpinang: Akar Indonesia, 2010. Region: Riau Islands
X231-232
Budaya Masyarakat Tionghoa Di Tanjungpinang (The Culture of the
Chinese Community in Tanjungpinang) Authors: Dwi Setiati, Suarman.
Editor: Zulkifli Harto. Published: Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya
Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, 2012. Region: Riau Islands
X232-233
Perspektif Nilai Dalam Tradisi Kenduri Ruwah Kubur (The Kenduri
Ruwah Kubur [funeral ceremony] Tradition from the Perspective of
its Value) Author: Hendri Purnomo. Editor: Dwi Sobuwati. Published:
Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands,
2012.
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X267-15 Alam Melayu, Dari Ingatan ke Kenyataan, Esai Foto
Revitalisasi Budaya Melayu 2012 (The Malay World, From Memory to
Reality, Photographic Essay on the Revitalisation of Malay Culture
2012) Author: Team of Authors. Published: Tanjungpinang: Culture
and Tourism Office of Tanjungpinang, 2012 Region: Riau Islands
X275-23
Indonesia Sea Nomads: Money, Magic and Fear of the Orang Suku
Laut Author: Cynthia Chou. Published: London and New York:
Routledge Curzon, 2003 Region: Riau Islands
X276-24
Musical Instruments of Indonesia: An Introductory Handbook
Author: Margaret Kartomi. Published: Melbourne: Indonesian Arts
Society, 1985 Region: Selections from Riau Islands
X277-25 Silat Lima: Heritage of the Malay Culture Hero, Hang
Tuah Author: Margaret Kartomi. Published: Review of Indonesian and
Malaysian Affairs, vol. 47, no. 1, 2013 Region: Riau Islands
X278-26
Being Malay in Indonesia. Histories, Hopes and Citizenship in
the Riau Archipelago Author: Nicholas J. Long. Published:
Singapore: Asian Studies Association of Australia in association
with NUS Press and NIAS Press, 2013 Region: Riau Islands
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RARE BOOKS RELEVANT TO THE MALAY CULTURE AND HISTORY OF THE RIAU
ISLANDS EDITIONS REFERRING TO THE LEGENDARY 15th CENTURY MALAY HERO
OF MELAKA AND RIAU/BINTAN ISLAND - HANG TUAH AND HIS FOUR SWORN
COMRADES-IN-ARMS X249-1 Hikajat Hang Toeah (The Story of Hang Tuah)
Published: Balai Poestaka, Djakarta, 1948 (2nd edition). On loan
from the Balai Pustaka collection (Asian Studies Research
Collection), Monash University Library. X250-2 Hikajat Hang Tuah
(The Story of Hang Tuah) Published: Balai Pustaka, Djakarta, 1956
(3rd edition). On loan from the Balai Pustaka collection (Asian
Studies Research Collection), Monash University Library. X251-3
Hang Tuah Pahlawan Raja Melaka (Hang Tuah Hero of the Malay
kingdom) Author: Abdul Jalil Haji Noor. Published: Pustaka
Nasional, Singapura, 1963. Children’s literature. On loan from the
Southeast Asia Pamphlet collection (Asian Studies Research
Collection), Monash University Library. X252-4 Pustaka Hang Tuah
(Library of Hang Tuah) and book cover Author: A. Muhammad Hasan
Riau. Published: H.C. Muhd. Abdul Rahman, Singapura, 1930-1980.
“Secret prayers, spells and magic rites in Malay”. In Jawi script.
Jawi Collection (Asian Studies Research Collection), Monash
University Library. TRAVELOGUES TO THE RIAU ISLANDS (in the 1800s)
X253-5 Reis door een gedeelte van de Nederlandsche bezittingen in
Oost-Indie: waarbij gevoegd is een verslag van de expeditie...
onder bevel van J.P. van Braam, volvoerd tegen de vorsten van
Malakka, Salangoor en Riouw (Journey through a part of the Dutch
possessions in the East indies: to which is attached a report from
the expedition commanded by JP van Braam against the rulers of
Malacca, Selangor and Riau) Author: Jan Cornelis Baane. Published:
G.J.A. Beijerinck, Amsterdam, 1826. On loan from the Indonesian
Historical collection (Asian Studies Research Collection), Monash
University Library.
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X254-6 Kekesahan dateng Rijo (Journey to Riau) Author: Raden
Sasrasoegonda. Published: Bale Pustaka, Weltevreden, 1921. In
Javanese. On loan from the Balai Pustaka collection (Asian Studies
Research Collection), Monash University Library ILLUMINATED MALAY
MANUSCRIPTS X255-7 Golden letters: writing traditions in Indonesia
- Surat emas: budaya tulis di Indonesia. Authors: Annabel The
Gallop & Bernard Arps. Published: British Library, London, and
Yayasan Lontar, Jakarta, 1991. On loan from Monash University
Library. X256-8 The Legacy of the Malay letter - Warisan warkah
Melayu. Author: Annabel Teh Gallop. Published British Library for
the National Archives of Malaysia, 1994. On loan from Monash
University Library. X257-9
Illuminasi dalam surat-surat Melayu abad ke-18 dan ke-19
(Illuminations in Malay letters from the 18th and 19th centuries)
Author: Mu’jizah. Published: Kepustakkan Populer Gramedia, Ecole
Francaise d’Extreme-Orient, Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan
Nasional, and KITLV, Jakarta, 2009. On loan from Monash University
Library.
X262-10 Joget Pahang – Gamelan Melayu: The Classical Ensemble of
The Pahang Royal Court Author: Ahmad Farid Abd Jalal. Published:
Pahang State Museum et al, 2008 This Javanese gamelan was presented
by the Riau-Lingga court in the early 19th century to the court of
Pahang, and was later moved to the Trengganu palace (in
Malaysia).
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RARE MAPS X282-1 Map of Southeast Asia showing trade links
between India, Melaka/Malay Peninsula, Riau Islands, Siam,
Cambodia, Champa, Siam and China. Editor: Isaak Turion, Amsterdam,
1750 X282-2 Map of the East Indies showing the possessions of
England, Spain, France, Holland and Portugal. Editor: Anon, 17th
century Original in the Rare Books Room, Main Library, Monash
University
MULTIMEDIA X038-38 DVD: Documentasi Silat This DVD shows a 2011
performance of Silat Lima (The Art of Self-Defence by Five Artists)
in Kampung Bugis, Bintan Island. Region: Riau Islands Province
MALAY MUSIC AND MUSICAL THEATRE OF THE RIAU ISLANDS Traditional
Malay musical ensembles usually contain a pair of double-headed
drums, frame drums and one or two thick-rimmed gongs, with the
sarunai (oboe, e.g. in the silat [martial arts] and bangsawan
theatre form) or the biola (violin) serving as the main melodic
instrument (e.g. in the mendu and makyong theatre forms and vocal
genres), sometimes with an accordion, maracas and other modern
percussion added. The gambus ensemble, comprising a gambus (lute)
as the main melodic instrument usually adds two pairs of small
double-headed drums (marwas, pl. marawis) to the mix and
accompanies singers and zapin dancing. The nobat ensemble, of
ancient Perso-Arabic origin, accompanied the installation of a king
and other royal occasions in the Riau-Lingga court until its demise
in 1911. It comprised a nekara (tympanum), nafiri (long silver
trumpet), sarunai (Malay oboe), a pair of Malay cylindrical drums,
and cymbals. The first Malay nobat was probably acquired by the
first Sultan of Melaka in the 15th century, and it was then
acquired by several other Malay sultans, including Riau-Lingga’s
until its demise in 1911. It served as a mark of a sultan’s status
and sovereignty.
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A SELECTION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN THE MALAY WORLD
X056-108
Gambus: long- or short-necked wooden lute of probable Arabic
origin, found in an Islamic musical and/or zapin dance context in
many Indonesian, Arab-Indonesian and Malaysian communities,
including the Riau islands. It may be played solo, in accompaniment
to a singer, or in a small orkes gambus (ensemble) of Malay and
Arabic-derived instruments
usually comprising four small double-headed drums (marwas, pl.
marawis), a biola (violin), accordion, bass and singers who usually
perform religious or love songs. The bodies of some rustic,
handmade varieties are often oval-shaped and covered with goat
skin, but gambus today mostly have a pear-shaped body that tapers
to form the neck and ends in a receding peg box. Its body may be
made of a single piece of jackfruit tree wood with decorated sound
holes. Its six pairs of strings (sometimes plus a single string)
are plucked with a feather quill or the fingernails. X058-110
A biola and bow. Biola is the name used in Indonesia for a
hand-made or manufactured Western violin, usually tuned like the
viola, which probably preceded the arrival of the violin in
Southeast Asia. In recent centuries it has taken a leading
melodic role in various ensembles, including the orkes melayu
(“Malay ensemble”), orkes gambus (“gambus [lute] ensemble”),
kroncong ensemble, and ensembles for Malay theatre forms including
Dul Muluk, stambul, mendu, and bangsawan. It was probably
introduced during the Portuguese colony in Southeast Asia
(1511-1641). X059-111 This medium-sized rebana or frame drum with a
goatskin head is laced with rattan cord over the surface of its
thick, tapered wooden frame. Its tightly stretched hide may be
further tautened for a more resonant sound by holding it near a
flame. Its players may also sing and perform concerted body
movements while playing and/or accompanying group singing at Muslim
devotionals or celebrations. X062-114
This large rebana/frame drum with a goatskin head is laced with
rattan cord over the surface of its thick, tapered wooden frame.
Its tightly stretched hide may be further tautened by holding it
near a flame. Its players may also sing and perform concerted body
movements while playing and/or accompanying group singing at Muslim
devotionals or celebrations.
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POSTERS X128-142
The main mosque in Ranai, Bunguran Island, Kabupaten Natuna,
Riau Islands. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, January 2013.
X133-147
The princess character makes up the face of a lady-in-waiting
(dayang-dayang) before a mendu theatre performance in Sedenau,
Bunguran Island, Kabupaten Natuna (northeastern Kepri). Photo:
Karen Kartomi Thomas, June 2012.
X134-148 The princess character in a mendu theatre performance
has her headdress arranged by the company’s makeup artist (her
mother) in Sedanau, Bunguran Island, Kabupaten Natuna (northeastern
Riau Islands). Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, June 2012.
X135-149 An oboe (sarunai) player in the pavilion of the Museum
Lingga Cahaya Daik-Lingga in Daik, Lingga Island, Riau Islands.
Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, October 2013
X136-150
Musicians play the violin (biola) and large cylindrical drum
(gendang ibu or gendang Melayu) as accompaniment to a mendu theatre
performance in Sedanau, Bunguran Island, Kabupaten Natuna.
Ladies-in-waiting (dayang-dayang) and an evil king character are
sitting behind them. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, January 2012
X137-151
An oboe (sarunai) player at Kampung Sungei Buluh on Singkep
Island (Kabupaten Lingga, southwestern Riau Islands). On the wall
hang a pear-shaped lute (gambus), large cylindrical drums (gendang
ibu or gendang Melayu), a goblet drum, cymbals and barrel drums
(bedug). A gong rests against a stand on which another barrel drum
sits, and a betel-leaf-shaped royal symbol of the Riau-Lingga
court called cogan rests on the floor against the wall [lower
left]. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, June 2014
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X138-152 Musicians playing a hand-suspended gong, a large
cylindrical drum (gendang ibu or gendang Melayu) and small
cylindrical drum (gendang anak) in the Opening Procession of the
First Festival of Malay Civilisation (Festival Tamadun Melayu) in
Tanjungpinang. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, October 2013.
X138-153
Musicians playing [from left] a ‘child drum’ (gendang anak), a
bronze gong, and a ‘mother drum’ (gendang ibu or gendang Melayu) in
the pavilion of the Museum Lingga Cahaya Daik-Lingga in Daik,
Kabupaten Lingga. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, October 2013
X139-153 A traditional Malay ensemble comprising a singer,
violin (biola), gong, frame drum (rebana), and barrel drum (bedug)
accompanying a couples dance (joget dangkung) performance outside
the National Building (Gedung Nasional) in Dabo on Singkep Island,
Kabupaten Lingga. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, June 2014
X140-154
Masked dancers from the Anambas Archipelago (northern-central
Kepri) perform a comic skit in a gobang theatre performance at the
Festival of Malay Civilisation (Festival Tamadun Melayu) in
Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas,
September-October 2013.
X141-155
Actors wearing mak yong theatre masks at Kijang, Bintan Island,
Kabupaten Bintan, Riau Islands. Photo: Hidris Kartomi,
Tanjungpinang, 1982.
X142-156 The Pak Yong (prince) character wearing golden
fingernails and a teluk belanga (trouser suit) in a Kepri-style mak
yong theatre performance on Mantang Island (south of Bintan
Island). Painting by Sholihin Das for Balai Kajian Jarahnitra,
Tanjungpinang, reproduced with permission from Bp Suwarman, Head of
the Restoration of Cultural Values (Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya)
Office in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas,
June 2014.
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X143-167 Mak yong theatre masks from Mantang Island held at the
Restoration of Cultural Values (Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya)
Office in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas,
June 2014.
X144-158
Masks designed by contemporary artists from Bintan Island
displayed in the Festival Tamadun Melayu in Tanjungpinang, Riau
Islands. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, June 2014.
X145-159
Performers of the ‘offering dance’ (tari persembahan) before
they rise to dance at the Festival of Malay Civilisation (Festival
Tamadun Melayu) in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. Photo: Karen
Kartomi Thomas, September-October 2013.
X146-160 Riau-Lingga’s heroes of Sultan Mahmud Ri’ayat Syah’s
kingdom (1761-1812) are shown stabbing Dutch soldiers to death in a
bangsawan theatre performance at the Festival of Malay Civilisation
(Festival Tamadun Melayu) in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. Photo:
Karen Kartomi Thomas, September-October 2013.
X147-161 A messenger hands a letter to the Sultan Mahmud Ri’ayat
Syah of Riau-Lingga on his throne, with his ministers sitting in
court and with ladies-in-waiting fanning (dayang-dayang) him in a
bangsawan theatre performance at the Festival of Malay Civilisation
(Festival Tamadun Melayu) in Tanjungpinang,
Riau Islands. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, September-October
2013. X148-162
Remains of the entrance to the former palace of the
Riau-Lingga-Johor and Pahang sultanate (1722-1911) at Daik-Lingga
(1522-1911), Kabupaten Lingga (southwestern Kepri). Photo: Karen
Kartomi Thomas, October 2013.
X149-163
The late Raja Malik (descendant of the Riau-Lingga Viceroy’s
palace at Penyengat) holding a long trumpet (nafiri), also showing
two blonde-wood oboes (sarunai) and other heirlooms/pusaka [right]
in the Museum Kandil Riau, Tanjungpinang (capital of Kepri
Province), on Bintan Island. Photo: Hidris Kartomi, Tanjungpinang,
1982.
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X150-164
Two single-headed goblet drums (nekara) [left] and a cylindrical
drum (gendang nobat) [right] from the sacral angkatan nobat diraja
orchestra, now known as the nobat tua (‘old nobat’), of the former
Riau-Lingga-Johor-and-Pahang sultanate (1522-1911) and held in the
Museum Kandil Riau in
Tanjungpinang. A sultan could not be installed (dinobatkan,
ditabalkan) without special nobat pieces being played. Naubat
ensembles were played on royal occasions in Persia and Mughal
India, and were first adopted in Muslim Malay kingdoms of Southeast
Asia at Pasai in east-coast Aceh from the 13th century. Photo:
Hidris Kartomi, Tanjungpinang, 1982.
X151-165 Theatre masks of a human [centre] and two deities, worn
in mendu theatre performances in Kabupaten Natuna in 1984, donated
by Ashley Turner. Photo: Dr Christopher Basile, March 2012.
X152-166
A martial arts – silat lima – episode, in which a
fighter/pesilat wards off his opponent’s lock hold by gripping his
arm (tangkisan kuncian) and scooping under his knee to lock his
kick (kuncian tendangan lutut), with violin (biola), large
cylindrical drum (gendang ibu or gendang Melayu) and gong ensemble
accompaniment, in Kampung Bugis, Tanjungpinang, Bintan Island,
Kabupaten Bintan. Silat lima (‘silat of the five’) refers to the
legendary 16th century Malay hero Hang Tuah and his four comrades.
Photo: Geoffrey Benjamin and Margaret Kartomi, May 2011.
X153-167 A martial arts – silat lima – episode, in which the
fighter/pesilat in front wards off the other’s attack by
back-flipping away, with violin (biola), large cylindrical drum
(gendang ibu or gendang Melayu) and gong accompaniment, in Kampung
Bugis, Tanjungpinang, Bintan Island, Kabupaten Bintan.
Photo: Geoffrey Benjamin and Margaret Kartomi, May 2011.
X154-168 Portrait of a henna dance (tari inai) performer in the
respectful sembah pose at the Festival of Malay Civilisation
(Festival Tamadun Melayu) in Tanjungpinang. The pose expresses
respect for the deities and the audience. Photo: Karen Kartomi
Thomas, September-October 2013.
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X155-169 Joget dangkung couples dance in traditional Riau
islands bridal dress at the Festival of Malay Civilisation
(Festival Tamadun Melayu) in Tanjungpinang. Photo: Karen Kartomi
Thomas, September-October 2013.
X156-170
Male masked and female boria dancers at the Festival of Malay
Civilisation (Festival Tamadun Melayu), Tanjungpinang, Riau
Islands. Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, September-October 2013.
X171-185 A member of an Orang Laut clan playing a bamboo flute
(tuang-tuang) in Sedenau, Bunguran Island, Kabupaten Natuna
(northeastern Riau Islands Province). Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas,
January 2012.
X172-186
Houseboats of the “Sea People”/Orang Laut near the coast of
Bintan Island (northwestern Kepri). Painting by Asril for the Balai
Kajian Jarahnitra Office, reproduced with permission from Bp
Suwarman, Head of the Restoration of Cultural Values (Balai
Pelestarian Nilai Budaya) Office in Tanjungpinang. Photo: Karen
Kartomi Thomas, June 2014.
X174-188 A wayang cecak troupe with their leather puppets at a
performance in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, in 2012. Photo: Y. S.
Nugraha. (Source:
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X233-235 Makyong Theatre of Riau Islands Province. The biola
(violin), gendang anak, gendang ibu, caracap (kettle gong) and gong
musicians accompanying a ma’yong theatre performance at the First
Festival of Malay Civilisation in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands
Province, October 30, 2013. Note the long fingernails worn by the
actors playing the Pak Yong character (the king, played by a woman)
and the masked clown (right). Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, October
2013. Region: Riau Islands
General notes on mendu Mendu is the “people’s theatre” of the
Natuna archipelago in the far northeast of Riau Islands Province.
Traditionally performed on the earth around a live tree, shows are
nowadays often performed on a makeshift stage or in a building, as
shown in these four posters. The stage properties
characteristically include a table, chairs and a painted backdrop
depicting a court scene or the natural environment. The
accompanying ensemble presents elegant court music and romantic,
travel, and war music performed by solo singers, a biola (violin),
a pair of truncated conical Malay drums, and a percussive box, with
the whole ensemble sound punctuated by a hanging gong. Actors
perform stories in local Malay dialect about Malay kings and
princes assisted by courtiers, soldiers, an array of benevolent and
evil masked characters, a queen, a princess, and ladies in waiting.
Audiences love the clumsy mannerisms and slapstick humour of the
masked characters in contrast to the decisive manners of the kings,
who slap the table on issuing a command, and the refinement of the
females and other aristocrats whom they assist in overcoming the
challenges they face. Typically both the male and the female
characters fan themselves throughout a performance. Mendu
performance is also found in neighbouring west coastal Kalimantan,
where actors perform different stories in Sambas Malay.
X234-236
A Mendu Theatre performance: the evil king sings a command to
his soldiers, accompanied by a biola (violin) player and ensemble.
Sedanau, Natuna, Riau Islands Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, January
2012.
X235-237 A Mendu Theatre performance: the good king sings
commands to his soldiers, accompanied by musicians playing a biola
(violin), drums and percussion. Sedanau, Natuna, Riau Islands
Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, January 2012. X236-238
A Mendu Theatre performance: the good king discusses a plot with
some neighbouring kings, accompanied by a biola ( violin) player.
Sedanau, Natuna, Riau Islands Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, January
2012.
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X237-239 A Mendu Theatre performance: the curtain call at the
end of the mendu performance, showing the princess and
ladies-in-waiting (left), the prince with a red fan (right), and
the biola player (centre rear). Sedanau, Natuna, Riau Islands
Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, January 2012. X238-240
The homemade mask of a demonic character with local horsehair,
worn in Jambi-Malay street theatre to celebrate the end of the
fasting month, Idul Fitri. Muara Jambi, Jambi Province, Sumatra.
Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, September-October, 2013.
X239-241 The homemade mask of a demonic character, worn by an
actor in Jambi-Malay street theatre to celebrate the end of the
fasting month, Idul Fitri. Muara Jambi, Jambi Province, Sumatra.
Photo: Karen Kartomi Thomas, 2013. X239-242 Men singing devotional
zikir texts to rabana (frame drum), marwas (small two-headed frame
drum), gandang (large two-headed cylindrical drum) and gambus
(plucked lute) accompaniment while performing sitting dances in
Krui, west-coastal Lampung, Sumatra. Collectors: H and M Kartomi,
1980s.
MAPS X157-171 Title Page - Historical Maps of the Modern
Provinces of Riau and the Riau Archipelago. Publisher: Jakarta:
Department of Education and Culture, 1986. X158-172 Indonesia and
its Provinces and Capital Cities in Historical Maps of the Modern
Provinces of Riau and the Riau Archipelago, page 2. Publisher:
Jakarta: Department of Education and Culture, 1986. X159-173 The
Provinces of Riau (on mainland Sumatra) and the Riau Archipelago,
and their Main Cities, Regencies and Districts in Historical Maps
of the Modern Provinces of Riau and the Riau Archipelago, page 3.
Publisher: Jakarta: Department of Education and Culture, 1986.
X160-174 Ancient Kingdoms in Riau in the 7th to 14th Centuries CE
in Historical Maps of the Modern Provinces of Riau and the Riau
Archipelago, page 4. Publisher: Jakarta: Department of Education
and Culture, 1986.
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X161-175 The Malay-Malaka Sultanate in the 15th to 17th
Centuries CE in Historical Maps of the Modern Provinces of Riau and
the Riau Archipelago, page 5. Publisher: Jakarta: Department of
Education and Culture, 1986. X162-176 The First Johor-Malay-Bintan
Sultanate (1513-1699) in Historical Maps of the Modern Provinces of
Riau and the Riau Archipelago, page 6. Publisher: Jakarta:
Department of Education and Culture, 1986. X163-177 The Second
Malay-Johor-Riau Sultanate in Riau (1699-1723) in Historical Maps
of the Modern Provinces of Riau and the Riau Archipelago, page 7.
Publisher: Jakarta: Department of Education and Culture, 1986.
X164-178 The Malay Riau-Lingga Sultanate (1761-1913). The Siak Sri
Inderapura Sultanate (1723-1945). The Pelalawan Sultanate
(1530-1979) in Historical Maps of the Modern Provinces of Riau and
the Riau Archipelago, page 8. Publisher: Jakarta: Department of
Education and Culture, 1986. X165-179 The Riau Residency in the
(former) Netherlands East Indies in Historical Maps of the Modern
Provinces of Riau and the Riau Archipelago, page 10. Publisher:
Jakarta: Department of Education and Culture, 1986. X166-180 The
Spread of the Malay-Riau Dialects in Historical Maps of the Modern
Provinces of Riau and the Riau Archipelago, page 20. Publisher:
Jakarta: Department of Education and Culture, 1986. X167-181 The
Spread of Hinduism and Buddhism in the 5th to 11th Centuries CE in
Historical Maps of the Modern Provinces of Riau and the Riau
Archipelago, page 21. Publisher: Jakarta: Department of Education
and Culture, 1986. X168-182 The Spread of Islam in Riau in the 12th
to 18th Centuries CE in Historical Maps of the Modern Provinces of
Riau and the Riau Archipelago, page 22. Publisher: Jakarta:
Department of Education and Culture, 1986. X169-183 Archaeological
and Historical Sites of the Riau Archipelago and Riau Provinces in
Historical Maps of the Modern Provinces of Riau and the Riau
Archipelago, page 23. Publisher: Jakarta: Department of Education
and Culture, 1986.
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MALAY TEXTILE DESIGNS IN THE RIAU ISLANDS AND NEIGHBOURING AREA
The kingdom of Bintan, located on the trade route between India,
China and Palembang/Sriwijaya, flourished as a trading post from
the early first millennium CE. Batik and songket (i.e. textiles
woven with supplementary metallic weft) made in the Riau Islands
and neighbouring Malay areas most commonly depict plants – leaves,
trees, and flowers, including the pucuk rebang (bamboo shoot)
design, and the nangka (jackfruit) flower design. Except for
butterflies, cloths depicting humans or animals are very rare, as
orthodox Islam does not allow human or animal images as decoration.
Some cloths feature geometrical designs such as diamond and spiral
shapes and parallel lines, with the famous seafaring Buginese
having spread their checks and tartans over the centuries through
contact with the Malays, especially in the Riau Islands since the
late 18th century, when the Buginese helped Riau-Lingga defeat its
Minangkabau enemy and they were rewarded by the Riau-Lingga sultan
with the gift of Penyengat island and other favours. Colours are
usually light greens, reds, blues, and purples, and modern cloths
are sometimes mauve or aqua. Besides various Chinese and Arab
accounts, the “Malay Annals”/Sejarah Melayu (17th century)
mentioned Malay batik. Legend holds that Hang Tuah’s
admiral-relative Laksamana Hang Nadim was ordered by Sultan Mahmud
to sail to India to obtain 140 serasah (batik cloths) with 40
varieties of flowers depicted on them, and when he was unable to
find them invented his own. However his ship sank and to the
Sultan’s displeasure he could only bring 4 of them home.
CLOTHING AND TEXTILES X042-79
Grey cotton T-shirt with a typical Suku Laut (“Sea People”) boat
design, sold to tourists in the Riau Islands Province. Region: Riau
Islands Collectors: H and M Kartomi
X121-207
a. T-shirt with a royal symbol of the former Sultanate of
Riau-Lingga, 3 betel-nut leaves. b. The new official symbol of the
Riau Islands Province is a design of betel-nut leaves based on the
filagree gold betel-nut figure inherited from the former
Riau-Lingga Sultanate. Presented to M Kartomi by the provincial
government of the Riau Islands.
Collectors: H and M Kartomi X188-54 Modern mauve batik-Kepri
cloth with a traditional betel-nut flower design, created by female
weavers in Tanjungpinang. Region: Riau Islands Collector: Margaret
Kartomi, 2012.
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A SELECTION OF MASKS AND ARTEFACTS FROM THE MALAY WORLD
X120-206
A model of the cogan, the gold betel-nut leaf-shaped heirloom of
the former sultanate of Riau-Lingga-Johor and Pahang, formerly
carried at the head of the sultan's processions, e.g. when he was
installed as ruler. It is now the official symbol of Riau Islands
Province. Presented to M. Kartomi by the Governor of the Riau
Islands Province, M. Sani, 2013
X122-208 Wicker basket and lid, both round. Region: Sedanau,
Natuna Archipelago , Riau Islands Collector: Karen and Margaret
Kartomi X283-1
Tuang-tuang conch shell trumpet While in their boats at sea, the
Orang Laut in Riau Islands' Lingga Regency frequently communicate
with their people in other boats or on shore by playing a conch
shell trumpet called tuang-tuang (alias tentuang). The
shell is made into an instrument by piercing out a hole near the
pointed end into which the player blows. The rhythmic signals vary
from tribe to tribe, but among the Orang Sekak who operate in the
seas between Bangka and Belitung Islands (to the immediate south of
Lingga), one short and two long blasts ( in the rhythm //: I . I I
:// means “We are here, and there is no danger”, while two short
blasts (//: I . I . ://) mean “We are nearing the coast with a load
of fish, so come help carry them”, and three long blasts (//: I . I
I ://) mean “We are in danger, help us” (Kartomi, Musical Journeys
in Sumatra, 2012: 208). Sometimes a substitute for the conch shell
is used, i.e., a long piece of bamboo which is struck rhythmically
with a wooden stick. However the bamboo sounds do not carry as far
as blasts on the shell trumpets. Mendu Theatre Masks Three painted,
wooden mendu theatre masks from Bunguran Island, Natuna
Archipelago, Riau Islands X123-209
Mask representing a deity. Region: Natuna Archipelago, Riau
Islands Collector: Ashley Turner, 1984
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X124-210 Mask representing a human. Region: Natuna Archipelago,
Riau Islands Collector: Ashley Turner, 1984
X125-211 Mask representing a deity. Region: Natuna Archipelago,
Riau Islands Collector: Ashley Turner, 1984
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ACEH X046-87 A gold-embroidered dark blue velvet Sulaman
selendang from a crossover Malay-Acehnese area of west-coastal
Aceh, Sumatra. Region: Aceh. Collector: Indija Mahjoeddin
X095-204
A gold-embroidered red velvet selendang from a crossover
Malay-Acehnese area of west-coastal Aceh, Sumatra. Region: Aceh.
Collectors: H and M Kartomi
X127-213
A gold-embroidered red velvet fan from a crossover
Malay-Acehnese area of west-coastal Aceh, Sumatra. Region: Aceh
Collectors: H and M Kartomi
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NORTH SUMATRA
BOOKS X225-226
Dairi Stories and Pakpak Storytelling Author: Clara
Brakel-Papenhuyzen. Published: Brill, 2014. Region: Batak Dairi and
Pakpak, North Sumatra.
X232-234
Pengantar Etnomusikologi dan Tarian Melayu (Introduction to
Malay Ethnomusicology and Dance) Author: Tengku Luckman Sinar.
Published: Percetakan Perwira Medan, 1997. Region: Malay North
Sumatra (East Coast).
INSTRUMENTS X052-104
A gandang pokok (main frame drum) from Barus, west-coastal North
Sumatra Province. Played in various Malay ensembles and to
accompany group-male devotional hadrah and rodat singing, sometimes
with concerted body movement or sitting dances. Region: North
Sumatra. Collectors: H and M Kartomi, 1970s.
X066-120, X067-121 Kacapi (plucked bamboo idiochord zithers)
from Jago-jago, west-coastal North Sumatra Province. The tubes have
a node at each end with a sound hole. Two to four bamboo strings
are prised out of the tube's surface, raised over bridges, and
beaten by one or two performers with pairs of wooden sticks to
accompany a singer, or played in ensemble with other soft
instruments. Region: North Sumatra. Collectors: H and M Kartomi,
1970s.
http://sticks.to/
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X069-123 A tambur (tambourine) from Sibolga, Played in orkes
Melayu ensembles. Region: west-coastal North Sumatra Province.
Collectors: H and M Kartomi, 1970s. X070-124
A tambur (tambourines) with jingles from Sibolga, west-coastal
North Sumatra Province. Played in orkes Melayu ensembles. Region:
North Sumatra. Collectors: H and M Kartomi, 1970s.
X075-129, X076-130, X077-131, X078-132, X079-133, X080-134
A set of 6 rebana (frame drums) graded in size to accompany
group female singing of religious and secular secular kasidah
songs. Region: Sibolga, (Malay coastal area of North Sumatra). From
the Music Archive of Monash University/MAMU Collection
X090-199 Bebeulen (bamboo oboe with flared horn) Region: North
Sumatra Province. Collectors: H and M Kartomi, 1980s.
X094-203 Bansi (bamboo duct flute). Region: Barus, North Sumatra
Province. Collectors: H and M Kartomi, 1980s.
X094-204 Bansi (bamboo duct flute) – the size of this instrument
varies depending on the type of bamboo used. Region: Barus, North
Sumatra Province. Collectors: H and M Kartomi, 1980s.
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TEXTILES, ARTEFACTS AND JEWELLERY X047-85 Female Malay baju
panjang (long blouse) of pink lace, worn at weddings and other
formal celebrations Region: Former Malay palace area at Langkat,
east coast North Sumatra Province Collectors: Rudi and Joan Munir
X048-86, X049-87, X050-88 Female Malay baju panjang (long blouse)
of mustard-coloured lace, worn with a kain sarung (wraparound
skirt) and a slendang (long scarf) at weddings and other formal
celebrations. Region: Former Malay palace area at Langkat, east
coast North Sumatra Province Collectors: Rudi and Joan Munir
X051-89
Modern female Malay dress of golden beige coloured silk
embroidered with flowers and leaves. Region: Medan, east-coast
North Sumatra Province Collectors: Rudi and Joan Munir
X114-134 Anyaman bag with diagonal pink, orang, brown, and beige
lattice design; clasp fastener, and handle from Medan, North
Sumatra. Collector: Janet Bachsinar X115-135 Anyaman bag with
diagonal purple, yellow and blue lattice design; zip fastener.
Medan, North Sumatra. Collector: Janet Bachsinar
X116-136 Bamboo bag in green and red stripes with decorative
yellow stitching and edging; bamboo handle from Medan, North
Sumatra. Collector: Janet Bachsinar
X117-137 Wicker basket/bag with clasp and two handles from
Medan, North Sumatra. Collector: Janet Bachsinar
X189-55 Embroidered cover Sumatra, 20th century, silk, metallic
thread, sequins embroidered on black cotton. Richly embellished
covers are used for ritual gifts and offerings. Region: Eastern
Sumatra Collector: Anne Richter
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X209-141 Ceremonial hanging (tirai) Eastern Sumatra, 19th
century, silk, wool, metal-wrapped thread, sequins, mica chips.
Region: Eastern Sumatra Collector: Anne Richter X242-1
Royal yellow wedding costume for a bride, consisting of a baju
panjang (long blouse) and a sarung. Region: East Coast North
Sumatra. Collector: Ismet Bachsinar
X243-4 Royal yellow wedding costume for a bridegroom, consisting
of a teluk belanga (trouser suit), sarung and hat. Region: East
Coast North Sumatra. Collector: Ismet Bachsinar X244-4 Teluk
Belanga (trouser-suit costume and hat) for a prince in red with
gold thread, worn at formal meetings, weddings and on other
official occasions. Region: East Coast North Sumatra. Collector:
Ismet Bachsinar X099-90
Wedding necklace (kalung or seurapi) Early 20th century, silver
gilt. Ornaments such as necklaces, anklets and belt buckles may be
worn by both the bride and groom. Region: Coastal Northwest
Sumatra.
Collector: Anne Richter X101-92
Cushion plaques (muka bantal), octagonal, silver and silver
gilt, late 19th century. Region: Sumatra or Malaysian Peninsula
Collector: Anne Richter
X102-93
Cushion plaque (muka bantal), round, brass, late 19th century.
Region: Sumatra or Malaysian Peninsula Collector: Anne Richter
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X193-59 Traditional Malay blue textile, embroidered with white
cotton house and geometrical motifs. Region: East coast Malay North
Sumatra Province Collector: Janet Bachsinar
X194-60
Traditional Buginese-influenced Malay check textile of purple
hue with two dark purple panels, decorated with metallic thread in
parallel vertical lines. Region: East coast Malay North Sumatra
Province Collector: Janet Bachsinar
X195-61 Traditional Buginese-influenced Malay aqua and red check
textile, worn as a wraparound kain sarung. Region: East coast Malay
North Sumatra Province Collector: Janet Bachsinar
X196-62
Traditional Buginese-influenced Malay green and purple check
textile, worn as a wraparound kain sarung. Region: East coast Malay
North Sumatra Province Collector: Janet Bachsinar
X197-63
Traditional Buginese-influenced Malay grey check textile, with
golf metallic thread, worn as a wraparound kain sarung. Region:
East coast Malay North Sumatra Province Collector: Janet
Bachsinar
X284-7 A pink embroidered Malay bridegroom's costume with a kain
songket Region: Sumatra or Malaysian Peninsula Collector: Dewi
Mulia
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36
RIAU
BOOKS X227-228
Kearifan Lokal Yang Terkandung Dalam Upacara Tradisional
Kepercayaan Masyarakat Sakai-Riau (Ceremonies and Traditional
Beliefs of the Sakai-Riau People) Author: Drs. Syahrial De Saputra.
Editor: Dra. Nurbaiti Usman, M. Si. Published: Kementerian
Kebudayaan Dan Pariwisata Balai Pelestarian Sejarah Dan Nilai
Tradisional Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, 2010. Region: Riau
Province.
X226-227 Kearifan Lokal Yang Terkandung Dalam Upacara
Tradisional Kepercayaan Masyarakat Sakai-Riau (Ceremonies and
Traditional Beliefs of the Sakai-Riau People) Author: Drs. Syahrial
De Saputra. Editor: Dra. Nurbaiti Usman, M. Si. Published:
Kementerian Kebudayaan Dan Pariwisata Balai Pelestarian Sejarah Dan
Nilai Tradisional Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, 2010. Region: Riau
Province.
INSTRUMENTS X085-194
Sempelong: open-ended bamboo flute, with 5 (sometimes 4) holes
burnt at an angle to the tube. Its length is usually three
hand-spans. It is associated with love magic and courting, and the
cries of dead children. Each finger hole is said to be burnt out on
hearing of the death of a child, and its sound is said to be the
sad cries of those children.
Region: Betung, Riau Province, Sumatra. Collector: M Kartomi,
1980s.
TEXTILES AND ARTEFACTS X043-80, X044-81 2-piece female Malay
costume made of red songket (textile woven with supplementary gold
or silver metal weft), comprising a baju panjang (long blouse) and
kain sarung (wraparound skirt). Worn at weddings and other formal
celebrations. Region: Siak, Riau Province, Sumatra Collector: Janet
Bachsinar
-
37
X190-56 Red selendang (stole) songket featuring gold embroidery.
Region: Siak, Riau Province, Sumatra Collectors: Rudi and Joan
Munir X191-57 Purple semi-songket sarung with green, blue and brown
check design and gold embroidery. Region: Siak, Riau Province,
Sumatra Collectors: Rudi and Joan Munir X192-58 Red sarung songket
with black and gold check design and intermittent gold embroidered
figures. Region: Siak, Riau Province, Sumatra Collectors: Rudi and
Joan Munir X245-1 Baju panjang (long Malay blouse/pink) costume
worn by wedding guests or at formal meetings. Region: Siak, Riau
Province, Sumatra Collectors: Rudi and Joan Munir X246-1 Baju
panjang (long Malay blouse/golden yellow) worn by wedding guests or
at formal meetings. Region: Siak, Riau Province, Sumatra
Collectors: Rudi and Joan Munir
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38
JAMBI
BOOKS X219-220
Songket Tradisional Jambi (Traditional Songket [Textiles] in
Jambi Province [Sumatra]) Author: Zulkifli Harto. Editor: Dwi
Sobuwati. Published: Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Tanjungpinang,
Riau Islands, 2012. Region: Malay areas of Jambi
X220-221
Makanan Tradisional Masyarakat Jambi (Traditional Foods in Jambi
Society [Sumatra]) Author : Dwi Setiati. Editor: Evawarni.
Published: Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Tanjungpinang, Riau
Islands, 2012. Region: Malay areas of Jambi
X221-222
Pelalawan: Dari Pekantua Ke Kabupaten Pelalawan (Pelalawan [a
former Malay palace] from Pekantua to Pelalawan Regency [Sumatra])
Author: Anastasia Wiwik Swastiwi. Published: Balai Pelestarian
Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, 2011.
Region: Riau Province, Sumatra
X228-229, X229-230
Hubungan Jambi Johor, Pada Abad 17 (Jambi – Johor Connections in
the 17th Century) Author: Anastasia Wiwik Swastiwi. Editor:
Zulkifli Harto. Published: Balai Peletarian Sejarah dan Nilai
Tradisional Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, 2011. Region: Malay areas
of Jambi (Indonesia) and Johor (Malaysia)
-
39
X230-231 Kesenian Masyarakat Melayu Di Jambi (Malay Public Art
in Jambi) Multiple authors (Penanggung jawab): Drs. Suarman.
Published: Departemen Kebudayaan Dan Pariwisata Balai Pelestarian
Sejarah Dan Nilai Tradisional Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, 2012
Region: Malay areas of Jambi (Indonesia) and Johor (Malaysia)
X265-13
To Live as Brothers: Southeast Sumatra in the Seventeenth and
Eighteenth Centuries Author: Barbara Watson Andaya Published:
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993 Region: Jambi and South
Sumatra
INSTRUMENTS X093-202 Suling bambu (bamboo flute) Dusun from
Siulak, decorated for tourist consumption. Region: Gunung Kerinci,
Jambi Province Collectors: H and M Kartomi, 1980s.
TEXTILES AND MASKS X125-212
A homemade mask of a demonic character with local horsehair,
worn in Jambi-Malay street theatre to celebrate the end of the
fasting month, Idul Fitri. Region: Muara Jambi, Jambi Province,
Sumatra Collector: Karen Kartomi Thomas, 2013
X212-75
Pair of red pillow slips with Malay design. Region: Malay areas
of Jambi, Sumatra Collectors and photo: Michael and Marguerite
Heppell
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40
X212-76 Large and small pillow slip set with Malay design, each
with red borders. Region: Malay areas of Jambi, Sumatra Collectors
and photo: Michael and Marguerite Heppell
X213-76
Set of two pillow slips, puce, embroidered. Region: Malay areas
of Jambi Collectors and photo: Michael and Marguerite Heppell
X214-77
Set of four lime and red embroidered pillowslips. Region: Malay
areas of Jambi Collectors and photo: Michael and Marguerite
Heppell
X215-78
Set of two purple pillow slips. Region: Malay areas of Jambi,
Sumatra Collectors and photo: Michael and Marguerite Heppell
-
41
WEST SUMATRA
INSTRUMENTS X073-127 (large); X074-128 (small)
Two embossed brass talempong (gong-chimes) from a set of six
talempong, Minangkabau, West Sumatra. Similar gong-chimes are
played in many other parts of Sumatra.
Collectors: H & M Kartomi, 1980s. X084-193 Malay bamboo
fipple flute. Region: Minangkabau, West Sumatra From the Music
Archive of Monash University/MAMU Collection
TEXTILES, JEWELLERY AND ARTEFACTS X045-82 Wedding couch
decorations Decorated textile pendants hang from the ceiling of the
bridal couch, as traditionally practiced on the west coast of
Sumatra, including Minangkabau. Region: West Sumatra Collector:
Indija Mahjoeddin X108-98
A pair of bracelets (galang gadang), silver gilt, resin, glass
beads, stones, early 20th century. These bracelets were worn in
pairs by brides and adult women for important lifecycle
celebrationsof the Minangkabau people. In some districts, brides
wore only one bracelet on the left arm. The decoration at the
sides represents banana plant shoots and the ribbed central
bands are based on folded banana leaves. Region: Batu Sangkar,
Payakumbu, West Sumatra Collector: Anne Richter X112-104
Rectangular container (salapah) for tobacco and sirih (betel)
ingredients. Minangkabau people, West Sumatra, late 19th century,
very ornate silver, silver gilt and suasa, an alloy of gold, silver
and copper, especially admired in Sumatra. Region: West Sumatra
Collector: Anne Richter
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42
X258-106 Octagonal tobacco container Minangkabau people, Negeri
Sembilan (Malaysia), 19th century, silver. The Minangkabau people
of West Sumatra established settlements on the Malaysian peninsula
c.15th century under the protection of the Melaka and Johor
Sultanates.
The octagonal form of the container is thought to derive from
the European pocket watch. Region: West Sumatra Collector: Anne
Richter X259-107
A Brass Cash Box Used by Women Minangkabau people, Sungei Puar,
West Sumatra, late 19th century, brass (21 x 14 x 18 cm). Among the
Minangkabau, possessions such as houses, land, jewellery and family
treasures were handed down through the female line. The village of
Sungai Puar has a long tradition of ornamental brass casting and
exported its
wares throughout Sumatra and parts of the Malay Peninsula.
Region: Sumatra and Malay Peninsula Collector: Anne Richter
X261-109
Water jug (kendi) in bird form Minangkabau people, Sungei Puar,
West Sumatra, late 19th century, brass (30 cm x 30 cm). Brass
kendi, jere (kettles) and water containers for washing the right
hand after eating were made in zoomorphic and also simple, elegant
forms. Region: West Sumatra
Collector: Anne Richter X279-77 A traditional Malay bridegroom’s
costume made of embroidery and gold songket. Region: West coastal
Sumatra X280-78
A Malay male teluk belanga (trouser suit) with geometrical and
flower motifs made of red Malay songket, and worn at a wedding or
on other formal occasions. It comprises a baju (long-sleeved coat),
celana (pair of trousers), a torso wraparound kain, and a songkok
head covering. Its diamond-shaped, metallic panelling with flower
designs are traditional Malay. Songket is a hand-woven fabric of
cotton (sometimes silk) that belongs to the brocade family of
textiles. It is intricately patterned with metallic threads, which
stand out on the cloth to create a shimmering effect. In the
weaving process, the metallic threads are inserted in between the
silk or cotton weft (latitudinal) threads in a
technique called supplementary weaving. Region: West coastal
Sumatra
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43
SOUTH SUMATRA
BOOKS X247-1
Melacak Jejak Artefak Seni; Etnik Melayu Palembang (Artifacts of
Ethnic Malays in Palembang). Author: Yulriawan Dafri. Published:
Gama Media, 2011. Region: Palembang, South Sumatra
A SELECTION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN THE MALAY WORLD
X054-106
A ten-key single-row ramonika or harmonika of early 20th century
German origin in Tanjungsakti, South Sumatra (see photo of player
in Kartomi, M. Musical Journeys in Sumatra 2012: 163). It
accompanies a solo singer and may alternate with a Jew's harp and
singer. Collectors: H and M Kartomi, 1980s.
TEXTILES AND ARTEFACTS INCLUDING SUMPTUOUS SOUTH SUMATRAN-MALAY
CEREMONIAL MARRIAGE BED DECORATIONS FOR A BRIDE AND GROOM ENTHRONED
AS QUEEN AND KING (19TH CENTURY). X100-91
Embroidered marriage bed green cushion panel (bantal peluk),
South Sumatra, 19th century, silk, mirror chips, metal wrapped
thread, cotton. Region: South Sumatra Collector: Anne Richter
X100-92 Embroidered marriage bed yellow cushion panel (bantal
peluk), South Sumatra, 19th century, silk, mirror chips, metal
wrapped thread, glass beads. The panel depicts magic squares with
Arabic numerals that bestow good fortune. Region: South Sumatra
Collector: Anne Richter
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44
X208-139 Embroidered mounted panel South Sumatra, 19th century,
silk, cotton, metal-wrapped thread, sequins, glass beads, gold
couched embroidery. The panel motif depicting tree growing in a pot
is of Persian origin. It also resonates with the dream of a
gleaming tree with branches spreading east and west that grew above
the Ka’aba in Mecca. The nagas at the base evoke those of the
Buddhist Empire of Sriwijaya (7th -13th centuries) based in
Palembang, South Sumatra and also with later Malay mythology.
Region: South Sumatra Collector: Anne Richter X208-140
Rainbow Shawl (selendang pelangi) Early 20th century, silk. The
multi-coloured tie-dyed silk shawls of Palembang evoke the rainbow
and the nagas of Malay mythology. Rainbows link the heavens to the
earth. Region: South Sumatra Collector: Anne Richter
X260-108
Wooden, Lacquered Box for Sirih Equipment (Betel Nut Chewing)
Palembang, South Sumatra, 20th century, wood, lacquer (16 x 28 x 14
cm). The box which holds small metal containers for sirih
ingredients offered to guests displays a mixture of Chinese and
Malay motifs and techniques. The Chinese who began migrating to
Palembang in the 14th century contributed to
Palembang’s artistic traditions. Artisans of Malay and Chinese
descent worked together producing lacquered architectural
decorations as well as smaller domestic items. Region: South
Sumatra Collector: Anne Richter
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45
WEST COASTAL BENGKULU
INSTRUMENTS X061-113
A sarunai nenet (oboe) comprising five bamboo parts fitted into
a tubular shape from Silaut, near the Bengkulu-Minangkabau border,
Sumatra. Accompanies the tari nenet dance by six girls, with drums
and gong. Region: Silaut, Bengkulu, Sumatra Collectors: H and M.
Kartomi, 1980s
TEXTILES X170-184 Ceremonial jacket (back view) from the
Malay-speaking Kauer area of the south coast of the province of
Bengkulu, Sumatra, late 19th or early 20th century. Cotton, using
supplementary weft technique on warp-faced weave
with metal-wrapped thread, mirror pieces and shell decoration.
These short jackets were made by young women to wear to community
festivities and served as an announcement of their readiness for
marriage. The jackets were worn with a spangled embroidered skirt
(tapis), and were usually wrapped in a ceremonial cloth, and put on
at the last minute due to their weight and tightness. Region:
southern Bengkulu, Sumatra Collector: Anne Richter X207-80
Embroidered cotton jacket (front view) using supplementary weft
technique on warp-faced weave with metallic and shell decoration
from the Malay-speaking Kauer area of the south coast of the
province of Bengkulu, Sumatra. The jacket is made of a deep tan
fabric with intermittent black and red stripes and wide
black bands on the sleeves. Richly embroidered red and black
centre front panels have silver and shell embellishments. The
central back panel has red, black and tan horizontal geometric
stripes with decorative shell edging. The jacket is lined with
indigo and natural coloured batik. Dimensions: l: 32; w: 131.
Region: Bengkulu, Sumatra Collector: John Noble, 1984
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46
WEST COASTAL LAMPUNG
INSTRUMENTS X055-107
A modern gamolan (bamboo xylophone) and pair of beaters from a
crossover Malay-Lampung area of northwest Lampung, Sumatra. Its
freely suspended resonant keys are strung together with rattan
lacing over its wooden trough. The gamolan (spelt with an 'o') may
be a survival of an ancient
instrument called gamelan in Central Java, where a 14th century
poem Nagarakrtagama, referred to the fact that a king
"Krtavadhana...started as an amateur to play a gamelan"(Kunst,
Jaap. Music in Java, 1949:112; Kartomi, M. Musical Instruments of
Indonesia, 1985: 31). Region: Lampung, Sumatra Collectors:
M.Kartomi and Karen Kartomi Thomas, 2012. X089-198 Saleng (bamboo
fipple flute). Region: Krui, west coastal Lampung Collectors: H and
M Kartomi, 1980s.
TEXTILES AND ARTEFACTS X170-185
Ceremonial skirt (tapis) of cotton with metal-wrapped thread,
early 20th century. The script is in the local Abung language. The
tapis decoration served to express the high status of the wearer
and her family. Gold thread, complexity and richness of design
communicated their power and wealth. Tapis were also presented as
ceremonial gifts that enhanced the prestige of the recipients as
well as the givers. Region: Lampung, South Sumatra
Collector: Anne Richter John Noble Collection: 4 items from the
mixed Malay- and Lampung-speaking Suku Saibatin living between Krui
and Mana (southern Bengkulu), southwest-coastal Sumatra.
X184-50 A ceremonial tampan (small rectangular cloth) with weft
cotton patterning of figures and geometric designs in dark blue on
beige from the mixed Malay-Lampung speaking Suku Saibatin people
from west-coastal Lampung/Sumatra, l: 53mm; w: 45mm.
Region: west coastal Lampung, Sumatra Collector: John Noble
1986
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47
X185-51 A ceremonial tampan (small rectangular cloth) with weft
cotton patterning, red mythical figures design along the centre,
and bordered along the length with stripes and geometric figures in
red, orange and navy blue, from the mixed Malay-Lampung speaking
west-coast of Lampung, l: 41mm; w: 35mm.
Region: West-Coastal Lampung, Sumatra Collector: John Noble 1986
X186-52
A textile made with supplementary weft cotton patterning, with
red, black and orange squares along the centre and bordered along
the length with stripes and geometric designs in red, black and
orange, from west-coastal Lampung, l: 40mm; w: 36mm.
Region: west coastal Lampung, Sumatra Collector: John Noble,
1988 X187-53
Machine-made warp ikat tapis textile of silk, embroidered in
brown cotton, comprising striped red, black and gold patterning and
two panels of embroidered figures, from west-coastal Lampung, l:
116mm; w: 72mm. Region: west-coastal Lampung, Sumatra
Collector: John Noble, 1990
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48
BELITUNG
BOOK X248-1
The Rainbow Troops Author: Andrea Hirata. Published: Vintage
Books, 2005. A novel from which a very popular film was made.
Region: Malay People of Belitung Island, to the immediate south of
Lingga and Singkep Islands, Riau Islands
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49
WEST KALIMANTAN Malay Culture in West Kalimantan Malay culture
in coastal and parts of inland western Kalimantan was centred
around 19 former palaces until their demise in the first half of
the 20th century. The oldest palace was at Sambas (founded in the
17th century) in the northern upriver area. Some items of
aristocratic clothing and a few modern textiles are on display. See
also Poster (X173-187): A Lancang Kuning (royal boat decked in
gold-yellow). The royal family in Sambas and some other palaces
travelled up and down river in a lancang kuning (royal boat) with
musicians and dancers performing on board. Sambas also traded with
Singapore and sent boats across the South China Sea throughout the
19th century.
BOOKS X005-5
Catatan Ragam Hias Kalimantan Barat (Artefact Designs of West
Kalimantan) Authors: S. K. A. Aswin et al. Published: Dewan
Kerajinan Nasional, 1997. Region: Malay areas of West
Kalimantan
X006-6
Mendu Teater Rakyat Daerah Kalimantan Barat (Mendu –Malay
People’s Theatre of West Kalimantan) Author: A. A. Kamaruddin.
Published: 1984. Region: West Kalimantan
X007-7
Diskripsi Tari Jepin Daerah Kalimantan Barat (Description of
Malay Jepin/Zapin Dancing in West Kalimantan) Author: A. Muin
Ikram. Published: 1989. Region: West Kalimantan
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50
X008-8 Perspektif Sejarah Berdirinyah Kota Pontianak (Historical
Perspectives on the Founding of Pontianak City) Author: Syarif
Abdurrahman Alkadri. Published: Romeo Grafika Pontianak, 2000.
Region: West Kalimantan.
X037-37
Songket Sambas, Tradisi & Identitas (Songket Textiles in
Sambas [Former Palace, West Kalimantan]) Authors: Venie Hartinie,
Asnaini Mardjani, Deny Sofian. Published: Balai Pelestarian Nilai
Budaya Pontianak Wilayah Kalimantan Kementerian Pendidikan dan
Kebudayaan, 2012.
Region: Malay area of West Kalimantan.
MULTIMEDIA X040-40
DVD: Songket Sambas, Tradisi & Identitas (Songket textiles
in Sambas [the former palace, West Kalimantan]) Region: West
Kalimantan
X041-41
DVD: Songket Sambas, Tradisi & Identitas (Songket textiles
in Sambas [the former palace]) Region: West Kalimantan
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51
POSTERS X173-187
The Lancang Kuning of the Sultan of Pontianak, West Kalimantan,
taken in c1890. Lancang Kuning were the royal boats of Malay
Sultans in Southeast Asia. They sailed around and between their
kingdoms on official visits, with musicians and dancers
entertaining the royal party on the boats. Lancang
Kuning is also the name of a famous Malay song. Collector: a
descendant of the Sultan of Pontianak palace: Syarif Slamet Yusuf
Alkadri. (Source: Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadri: Perspektif Sejarah
Berdirinya Kota Pontianak, Pemerintah Kota Pontianak, 2000)
TEXTILES AND ARTEFACTS X176-142
A Malay selendang songket (stole) from Pontianak, a Malay area
of West Kalimantan. Region: West Kalimantan
Collectors: Karen Kartomi Thomas and Margaret Kartomi, 2014
X201-67
A painted songket tube sarong from the household of the Sambas
palace in upriver West Kalimantan (purchased), l: 1930mm x w:
1050mm. Region: Malay areas of West Kalimantan Collectors and
photo: Michael and Marguerite Heppell
X206-72
Turban worn at the former court at Ngabang, l: 570mm x w: 565mm.
West Kalimantan. Region: Malay areas of West Kalimantan Collectors
and photo: Michael and Marguerite Heppell
X210-73
An embroidered tube sarong that was probably worn by a member of
the sultan’s household in the court of Ngabang, l: 1960mm x w:
820mm. Region: Malay areas of West Kalimantan Collectors and photo:
Michael and Marguerite Heppell
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52
X240-75 Ceremonial Malay adze/axe-like tool (beliong), l: 420mm.
Region: West Kalimantan Collectors and photo: Michael and
Marguerite Heppell
-
53
EAST KALIMANTAN X200-66
Tangguk made of rattan and used as a fishing scoop, l: 450mm x
w: 355mm. Region: Kutai, East Kalimantan Collectors and photo:
Michael and Marguerite Heppell
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54
NORTH SULAWESI
BOOKS X031-31
Fungsi Kesenian Musik Tradisional Pada Masyarakat Gorontalo
(Functions of Instrumental music in Gorontalo [Malay Area of
Northern Sulawesi]) Author: M.J. Sumarauw. Published: Balai
Pelestrian Sejarah Dan Nilai Tradisional Manado, 2008. Region:
Minahasa – Malay area of North Sulawesi
X032-32 Karya Karema (Work of Karema [cloth designer] in
Bentenan, a Malay area of Minahasa, Sulawesi) Region: Minahasa –
Malay area of North Sulawesi
X036-36
Tari Kabela, Daerah Bolaang Mongondow Provinsi Sulawesi Utara
(Kabela Dance from the Malay Area of the Bolaang Mongondow Province
of North Sulawesi.) Author: Anneke J. Suoth. Published: Kementerian
Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Manado
Tahun, 2012. Region: Malay area of Northern Sulawesi.
X241-32 Kain Karema – Kain Bentenan (The Hidden Treasure of
North Sulawesi). Gallery Karema, Manado, North Sulawesi. Region:
Malay Areas of North Sulawesi X263-11 Kamus Bahasa & Budaya
Manado (Dictionary of the Language and Culture of Manado). This
dictionary documents one of the many Malay speech varieties or
dialects. An estimated 85% of word entries are basically Malay,
with a tendency to change the last consonant of a word. Author:
Yapi Tambayong. Published: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 2007
Region: Manado and North-coastal Minahasa, North Sulawesi
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55
X268-16 Orang Laut Bajak Laut Raja Laut: Sejarah Kawasan Laut
Sulawesi Abad XIX (Sea Peoples and Sea Vessels: History of the Sea
Areas of Sulawesi in the 19th Century) Author: Adrian B. Lapian
Published: Jakarta: KITLV, 2010 Region: Sulawesi and surrounds
MULTIMEDIA X039-39
DVD: Kesenian Tradisional, Tari Kabela, Bolaang Mongondow
(Traditional Arts, Kabela Dance) (two DVDs inside) Region: the
Malay Bolaang Mongondow area of coastal northwest Sulawesi
Published: Persembahan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaah Balai
Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Manado
A SELECTION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED IN THE MALAY WORLD
X082-191 Alat bambu (bamboo instrument) from Bitung, North
Sulawesi –comprising two slit bamboo pieces plus a stick with a nut
on one end. The player beats on both bamboo tubes producing fast
rhythmic motives. It accompanies a musik bambu ensemble. Region:
Bitung, a Malay area of North Sulawesi. Collector: Margaret
Kartomi, 2014
ARTEFACTS X118-138
Model Bugis Boat “Kri Dewa Ruci” in glass case from Manado,
North Sulawesi. Collectors: Margaret Kartomi and Karen Kartomi
Thomas, 2014.
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56
X118-139 Model Bugis Boat from Manado, North Sulawesi.
Collectors: Margaret Kartomi and Karen Kartomi Thomas, 2014.
X126-212
Nautilus Shell, used for ornamental purposes. Region: Bitung,
North Sulawesi. Collectors: Margaret Kartomi and Karen Kartomi
Thomas, 2014.
X177-43
A Malay slendang songket (stole) with a traditional patolu
design from a Malay-speaking area of Manado, North Sulawesi.
Region: North Sulawesi. Collectors: Margaret Kartomi, 2014.
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57
MALUKU X113-115
Clove boat Cloves are the dried unopened buds of a tree of the
myrtle family, Myrtaceae. This tropical evergreen tree grows 4.6 -
9m high and was native to just five islands in Maluku. Boats
fashioned entirely from cloves are a popular souvenir in the Spice
Islands, as also are jewellery boxes. Whereas in the past cloves
were highly valued for culinary, medicinal and preservative uses,
the majority of Indonesia’s clove
crop nowadays literally goes up in smoke in the form of
clove-scented kretek cigarettes! This ship was given to Abe
Kelabora by his father when he visited his family in Ambon for the
first time after marrying his Australian wife, Jean. It is a valued
but fragile reminder of his motherland, the Spice Islands. Cloves
and other spices and objects were traded by boat from the Spice
Islands in Maluku to the Riau Islands over the centuries. Region:
Maluku Province
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58
SUMATRA/MALAYSIA BOOKS X256-8 The Legacy of the Malay letter –
Warisan warkah Melayu Author: Annabel Teh Gallop Published British
Library for the National Archives of Malaysia, 1994. On loan from
Monash University Library X264-12 Musical Journeys in Sumatra
Author: Margaret Kartomi Published: Chicago: University of
Illinois Press, 2012 Region: Sumatra
X266-14
Tribal Communities in the Malay World Author: Geoffrey Benjamin
and Cynthia Chou Published: Singapore: ISEAS, 2002 Region:
Sumatra/Malaysia
X269-17 Kebudayaan Melayu dalam Beberapa Persoalan (Malay
Culture and Several Problems) Author: Mohd Taib Osman Published:
Kuala Lumpur, 1988 Region: Sumatra/Malaysia X270-18 Zapin: Folk
Dance of the Malay World Author: Mohd Anis Md Nor Published: Oxford
University Press, 1993 Region: Sumatra/Malaysia
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59
X271-19 Bangsawan: A Social and Stylistic History of Popular
Malay History Author: Tan Sooi Beng Published: Singapore, Oxford,
New York: OUP, 1993 Region: Sumatra/Malaysia
X272-20
The Music of Malaysia,: The Classical, Folk and Syncretic
Traditions Author: Patricia Matusky and Tan Sooi Beng Published:
Great Britain: Ashgate, 2004 Region: Sumatra/Malaysia
X273-21
The Malays Author: Anthony Milner Published: Oxford:
Wiley-Blackwell, 2008 Region: Sumatra/Malaysia
X274-22
Leaves of the Same Tree: Trade and Ethnicity in the Straits of
Melaka Author: Leonard Y. Andaya Published: Honolulu: University of
Hawaii Press, 2008 Region: Sumatra/Malaysia
JEWELLERY AND ARTEFACTS X105-96
Belt buckle, silver, 20th century. Region: Sumatra or Malaysian
Peninsula. Collector: Anne Richter.
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X105-97 Belt buckle, decorative, silver, 20th century. Region:
Sumatra or Malaysian Peninsula. Collector: Anne Richter.
X106-97 Belt buckle 19th century, niello. The buckle is
decorated with twining vegetal motifs and a propitious magic square
with Arabic numerals to protect and bring good fortune to the
wearer. Region: South Sumatra Collector: Anne Richter
X108-99 Anklets (gelang kaki) Late 19th century, silver gilt.
Region: Sumatra or Malaysian Peninsula. Collector: Anne Richter
X109-100
Necklace Pendant 19th century, round, low carat gold, copper
backing. Region: Sumatra or Malaysian Peninsula Collector: Anne
Richter
X110-101
Rectangular container (salapah) for tobacco and sirih (betel)
ingredients Late 19th century, brass. Region: Sumatra
Collector: Anne Richter X111-102
Rectangular container (salapah) for tobacco and sirih (betel)
ingredients. Late 19th century, silver. The small attached
cylindrical container is for the lime used in a betel quid. Region:
Sumatra Collector: Anne Richter
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X112-103 Oval container (chelpa) for tobacco and sirih
ingredients Malay people, Sumatra, 19th century, silver. Region:
Sumatra Collector: Anne Richter X112-105 Rectangular container for
tobacco and sirih ingredients with attached lime container. Malay
people, Sumatra, 19th century, silver. The small cylindrical
container is for the lime used in a betel quid and is modelled on a
piece of mangosteen fruit. Region: Sumatra Collector: Anne
Richter
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T’BOLI, MINDANAO
INSTRUMENTS X063-117, X064-118, X065-119
Plucked and bowed string instruments from the T'boli area of
Mindanao, Philippines. Similar traditional instruments are played
in many parts of the Malay world. Region: Mindanao, southern
Philippines.
Collector: Manolete Mora, 1980s. X068-122
Kacapi (plucked bamboo idiochord zither with decorative beaded
edges) from Mindanao, Philippines. The tubes have a node at each
end with a sound hole. Two bamboo strings are prised out of the
tube's surface, raised over bridges, and beaten by one or two
performers with pairs of
wooden sticks to accompany a singer, or played in ensemble with
other soft instruments. The photo (right) shows kacapi musicians in
Kuta Lengat Pagan in the Alas area of southern Aceh, bordering on
Malay-speaking areas of North Sumatra. Region: T’boli area,
Mindanao, Philippines. Collector: Manolete Mora, 1980s.
X072-126
A k’lintang ne tembol gong chime (usually played with a drum)
and mallet Region: the T’boli area of Mindanao. Collector: Manolete
Mora, 1980s.
X083-192 Long, decorated wooden flute. Region: Marawi, Mindanao,
southern Philippines. Collectors: H and M Kartomi, 1980s. X086-195
S’loli (bamboo fipple flute). Region: T’boli area of Mindanao,
southern Philippines. Collector: Manolete Mora, 1980s. X087-196
Flendeg (lip valley flute) Region: T’boli area of Mindanao,
southern Philippines. Collector: Manolete Mora, 1980s.
http://sticks.to/
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X088-197 Flendeg (lip valley flute). Region: T’boli area of
Mindanao, southern Philippines. Collector: Manolete Mora, 1980s.
X091-200 Ifuago (nose flute). Region: T’boli area, Mindanao,
Southern Philippines. Collector: Manolete Mora, 1980s. X092-201
Ifuago (nose flute). Region: T’boli area, Mindanao, Southern
Philippines. Collector: Manolete Mora, 1980s. X096-214, X097-215,
X098-216 Kumbing (bamboo Jew’s harps). Region: T'boli area of
Mindanao, Philippines. Collector: Manolete Mora, 1980s.
SINGAPORE X119-205 Green ‘Ilham Alam’ fan in the shape of a
betel-nut leaf which is the official current symbol of the Riau
Islands Province. Presented as a memento to visitors at Singapore’s
Malay Heritage Centre. Region: Singapore.
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Music Archive at Monash University (MAMU) and Museum
of Indonesian Arts Inc. (MIA) The Music Archive at Monash
University was founded in the Department of Music, Monash
University, in 1973. Since then it has acquired a large collection
of Indonesian and other art objects, documents, field recordings
and bequests from Indonesia and other parts of the world The Museum
of Indonesian Arts Inc. is a virtual museum of ethnographic and
fine art objects from Indonesia which are regularly loaned by its
members and friends for the exhibitions that it presents several
times each year. In 2014, MIA acquired an office in MAMU’s
headquarters. In the same year, MIA @MAMU received a grant from the
National Library of Australia which is expected to lead to its
accreditation as a collection of national significance. Bronia
Kornhauser, MAMU Archivist and Curator of the Exhibition of
Indonesia’s Malay Arts. Halina Nowicka, Chairman, Museum of
Indonesian Arts Inc.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Margaret Kartomi/Director of MAMU, Bronia Kornhauser/Archivist
of MAMU and Halina Nowicka/Chairman of MIA wish to thank the
following individuals for their valuable assistance, loans of art
objects and services for the mounting of Exhibition of Indonesia’s
Malay Arts, with Special Reference to the Riau Islands
Province:
CONSULATE-GENERAL OF INDONESIA IN VICTORIA AND TASMANIA
The Indonesian Consul-General, Ibu Dewi Savitri Wahab Ibu Ita
Puspitasari FACULTY OF ARTS and CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION, MONASH
UNIVERSITY Professor Rae Frances, Dean of Arts Sharon Elliott
Anne-Maree Lester Jessica Loschiavo Kara Rasmanis Glynis
Smalley
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EXHIBITION COMMITTEE Dr Annette Bowie Marguerite Heppell Dr
Michael Heppell Michael Jewell Stuart Lees Professor Margaret
Kartomi Bronia Kornhauser Indija Mahjoeddin (Exhibition Designer)
Ilana Perlich Anne Richter Brigitta Scarfe Dr Aline Scott-Maxwell
Anthea Skinner Jacqueline Waylen Karl Willebrant JOHN NOBLE BEQUEST
OF INDONESIAN TEXTILES TO MAMU Sim Tan John Thompson MUSEUM OF
INDONESIAN ARTS Ismat Bachsinar Janet Bachsinar Evelyn Diradji
Kamaludin Diradji Dr Tuti Gunawan Marguerite Heppell Dr Michael
Heppell Dr Abe Kalebora Jean Kelabora Dr David Mitchell Anne
Richter SIR ZELMAN COWEN SCHOOL OF MUSIC – staff and students
Professor Harry Aveling Dr Annette Bowie Assoc. Professor Robert
Burke Helen Catanchin Dr Kenji Fujimura John Garzoli Professor John
Griffiths Travis Hodgson Michael Jewell Jesse Kartomi Thomas Rachel
London Ari Palawi Edi Dwi Riyanto
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Brigitta Scarfe David Sheehy Anthea Skinner Karl Willebrant
CENTRE FOR THEATRE AND PERFORMANCE Dr Karen Kartomi Thomas SIR
LOUIS MATHESON LIBRARY Catherine Harboe-Ree, The Librarian Ross
Harrison Stephen Herrin Dr Aline Scott-Maxwell Jacqueline Waylen
FROM RIAU ISLANDS PROVINCE Raja Ahmad Helmy Abdul Kadir Ibrahim
Rina Dwi Lestari Dwi Saptarini Syafaruddin Supriyadi THE INDONESIAN
ORAL TRADITIONS ASSOCIATION (Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan) Jabatin Bangun
Raja Ahmad Helmy Dr Pudentia M Puranti (University of Indonesia)
Rohaya Tengku Sadiah Tengku Muhammad Satar MALAY DANCE GROUP,
CLAYTON Ibu Dewi Mulia and Ibu Desualini Anwar (advisers) Azizah
Florens Mumtaz Putri
Dancers
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