1 Stanley Jones P. Iyadurai, MSc, PhD, MD Assistant Professor of Neurology Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center “Doc, DO I Have Neuropathy?” Case Vignettes Case Vignettes Susan, 50 DM – 12 yrs B/N/T – 2 yrs Hands, Feet Arms, Legs Imbalance Gwenn, 32 Hypothyroidism N/T at night 3 months Right hand Difficulty Opening jars Normal gait John, 52 No PMH B/N/T – 6 days Hands, Arms Feet, Legs Pain Breathing Imbalance Sally, 42 No PMH B/N/T – few months Hands, Feet Burning Pain Pain Redness Normal Strength “Neuropathy” - Definition “Neuropathy” - Definition • “Neuron” and “Pathos” (Greek) • Disease of the Peripheral Nerve • Dysfunction of the nerves outside of the central nervous system Neuropathy - General Theme Neuropathy - General Theme • Symmetric • Insidious • More prominent distally and starts in legs • Involves both motor and sensory components • May cause pain • May cause loss of balance • Progressive, but not debilitating
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Stanley Jones P. Iyadurai, MSc, PhD, MDAssistant Professor of Neurology
Neuromuscular Division, Department of NeurologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
“Doc, DO I Have Neuropathy?” Case VignettesCase Vignettes
ExaminationExamination• Vibration sense – the most sensitive test• Quantitative Tuning Fork (Rydel-Seiffer)• Pin scratch test (gradient)• Proprioception• Temperature sense – comparisons• Reflexes• Distal strength testing‒ “Bring your toes up” ‒ “Curl your toes down”‒ “Spread your toes”
Amro Stino, MDAssistant Professor-Clinical
Division of NeurologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
Polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP)Atypical• Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)• Acute Motor Sensory Axonal Neuropathy
(AMSAN)Both AMAN and AMSAN have association with GD1aand GM1 • Miller Fisher Variant (MFS) – GQ1b• Pharyngeal Cervical Variant – GT1a
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GBS TreatmentGBS Treatment
• Responds to IVIG or Plasmapheresis
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating
Polyradiculoneuropathy
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating
Polyradiculoneuropathy
• Chronic progressive, stepwise, or recurrent symmetric proximal and distal weakness and sensory dysfunction of all extremities, developing over at least 2 months and
‒Absent or reduced reflexes in all extremities
CIDP Supportive FindingsCIDP Supportive Findings1. Elevated CSF protein with leukocyte count < 10/mm
(level A)
2. MRI showing GAD enhancement and/or hypertrophy of cauda, lumbosacral, or cervical nerve roots, or brachial or lumbosacral plexus (level C)
3. Abnormal sensory electrophysiology in at least one nerve (good practice point)
1. Normal sural with abnormal median (excluding CTS) or radial SNAP
2. CV < 80% of LLN (<70% if SNAP amplitude <80% of LLN)
3. Delayed SSEPs without CNS disease
CIDP TreatmentCIDP Treatment
• Responds to IVIG, Steroids, or Plasmapheresis
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Multifocal Motor NeuropathyMultifocal Motor Neuropathy
• Associated with anti-GM1 IgM antibodies• Antibodies bind to node of Ranvier structures of
motor axons (GM1 enriched) and fix complement.• Incidence: 0.6/100K• Clinically:
‒ non-contiguous motor nerves affected‒ weakness far in excess of atrophy noted (in
distinction to MND)‒ asymmetric upper limb onset without sensory
complaints‒ 20-30% can have brisk tendon reflexes‒ Combining galatocerbroside with GM1
increases sensitivity to 75%
Neuropathy – Treatment Principles
Neuropathy – Treatment Principles
• Address Reversible Causes of Neuropathy‒ B12 deficiency - 2000mcg daily by mouth or IM‒ B6 toxicity – reduce amount‒ Alcohol abuse – abstinence, vitamin
replenishment• Pain Management – Try different classes +/-
Tramadol before going to Opiates‒ Tricyclics‒ SNRIs‒ Sodium Channel Blockers‒ Calcium Channel Blockers‒ Tramadol‒ Opiates (long-acting)